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Physics in Perspective最新文献

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Is Seeing Believing?: Observation in Physics 眼见为实吗?:物理学中的观察
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2017-11-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-017-0210-y
Allan David Franklin
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引用次数: 6
Turning the Ship: The Transformation of DESY, 1993–2009 转向船舶:DESY的转型，1993-2009
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2017-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-017-0209-4
Thomas Heinze, Olof Hallonsten, Steffi Heinecke
{"title":"Turning the Ship: The Transformation of DESY, 1993–2009","authors":"Thomas Heinze,&nbsp;Olof Hallonsten,&nbsp;Steffi Heinecke","doi":"10.1007/s00016-017-0209-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-017-0209-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article chronicles the most recent history of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) located in Hamburg, Germany, with particular emphasis on how this national laboratory founded for accelerator-based particle physics shifted its research program toward multi-disciplinary photon science. Synchrotron radiation became DESY’s central experimental research program through a series of changes in its organizational, scientific, and infrastructural setup and the science policy context. Furthermore, the turn toward photon science is part of a broader transformation in the late twentieth century in which nuclear and particle physics, once the dominating fields in national and international science budgets, gave way to increasing investment in the materials sciences and life sciences. Synchrotron radiation research took a lead position on the experimental side of these growing fields and became a new form of big science, generously funded by governments and with user communities expanding across both academia and industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"19 4","pages":"424 - 451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-017-0209-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4811114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Francis Bacon’s London 弗朗西斯·培根的伦敦
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2017-08-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-017-0207-6
Robert P. Crease
{"title":"Francis Bacon’s London","authors":"Robert P. Crease","doi":"10.1007/s00016-017-0207-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-017-0207-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"19 3","pages":"291 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-017-0207-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4748192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Essay Review 论文评审
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2017-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-017-0206-7
James R. Hofmann
{"title":"Essay Review","authors":"James R. Hofmann","doi":"10.1007/s00016-017-0206-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-017-0206-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"19 3","pages":"307 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-017-0206-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5003890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Where Is the Physics Frontier? 物理学的前沿在哪里?
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2017-07-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-017-0208-5
Robert P. Crease, Joseph D. Martin, Peter Pesic
{"title":"Where Is the Physics Frontier?","authors":"Robert P. Crease,&nbsp;Joseph D. Martin,&nbsp;Peter Pesic","doi":"10.1007/s00016-017-0208-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-017-0208-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"19 3","pages":"181 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-017-0208-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4827802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Plasma Archipelago: Plasma Physics in the 1960s 等离子体群岛:20世纪60年代的等离子体物理学
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2017-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-017-0205-8
Gary J. Weisel
{"title":"The Plasma Archipelago: Plasma Physics in the 1960s","authors":"Gary J. Weisel","doi":"10.1007/s00016-017-0205-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-017-0205-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the foundation of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American Physical Society in April 1959, plasma physics was presented as the general study of ionized gases. This paper investigates the degree to which plasma physics, during its first decade, established a community of interrelated specialties, one that brought together work in gaseous electronics, astrophysics, controlled thermonuclear fusion, space science, and aerospace engineering. It finds that, in some regards, the plasma community was indeed greater than the sum of its parts and that its larger identity was sometimes glimpsed in inter-specialty work and studies of fundamental plasma behaviors. Nevertheless, the plasma specialties usually worked separately for two inter-related reasons: prejudices about what constituted “basic physics,” both in the general physics community and within the plasma community itself; and a compartmentalized funding structure, in which each funding agency served different missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"19 3","pages":"183 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-017-0205-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4463338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building Magnets at Brookhaven National Laboratory: A Condensed Account 在布鲁克海文国家实验室建造磁铁:一个浓缩的帐户
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2017-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-017-0204-9
Erich Willen
{"title":"Building Magnets at Brookhaven National Laboratory: A Condensed Account","authors":"Erich Willen","doi":"10.1007/s00016-017-0204-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-017-0204-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of superconducting wire and cable in the late twentieth century enabled high-field magnets and thus much higher beam-collision energies in accelerators. These higher collision energies have allowed experimentalists to probe further into the structure of matter at the most fundamental, subatomic level. The behavior of the early universe, where these high energies prevailed, and its evolution over time are the realm their experiments seek to investigate. The subject has aroused the curiosity of the public as well as scientists and has facilitated the support needed to build and operate such expensive machines and experiments. The path forward has not been easy, however. Success in most projects has been mixed with failure, progress with ineptitude. The building of high energy accelerators is mostly a story of capable people doing their best to develop new and unusual technology toward some defined goal, facing both success and failure along the way. It is also a story of administrative imperatives that had unpredictable effects on a project’s success, depending mostly on the people in the administrative roles and the decisions that they made.</p>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"19 3","pages":"227 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-017-0204-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4210987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building Magnets at Brookhaven National Laboratory: A Condensed Account 布鲁克黑文国家实验室的建筑磁铁：简记
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2017-07-05 DOI: 10.2172/1661622
E. Willen
{"title":"Building Magnets at Brookhaven National Laboratory: A Condensed Account","authors":"E. Willen","doi":"10.2172/1661622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1661622","url":null,"abstract":"The development of superconducting wire and cable in the late twentieth century enabled high-field magnets and thus much higher beam-collision energies in accelerators. These higher collision energies have allowed experimentalists to probe further into the structure of matter at the most fundamental, subatomic level. The behavior of the early universe, where these high energies prevailed, and its evolution over time are the realm their experiments seek to investigate. The subject has aroused the curiosity of the public as well as scientists and has facilitated the support needed to build and operate such expensive machines and experiments. The path forward has not been easy, however. Success in most projects has been mixed with failure, progress with ineptitude. The building of high energy accelerators is mostly a story of capable people doing their best to develop new and unusual technology toward some defined goal, facing both success and failure along the way. It is also a story of administrative imperatives that had unpredictable effects on a project’s success, depending mostly on the people in the administrative roles and the decisions that they made.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"19 1","pages":"227 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46906952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Four Lives of a Nuclear Accelerator 核加速器的四种生命
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2017-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-017-0200-0
Michael Wiescher
{"title":"The Four Lives of a Nuclear Accelerator","authors":"Michael Wiescher","doi":"10.1007/s00016-017-0200-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-017-0200-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrostatic accelerators have emerged as a major tool in research and industry in the second half of the twentieth century. In particular in low energy nuclear physics they have been essential for addressing a number of critical research questions from nuclear structure to nuclear astrophysics. This article describes this development on the example of a single machine which has been used for nearly sixty years at the forefront of scientific research in nuclear physics. The article summarizes the concept of electrostatic accelerators and outlines how this accelerator developed from a bare support function to an independent research tool that has been utilized in different research environments and institutions and now looks forward to a new life as part of the experiment CASPAR at the 4,850” level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"19 2","pages":"151 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-017-0200-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4259314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
From Archimedean Hydrostatics to Post-Aristotelian Mechanics: Galileo’s Early Manuscripts De motu antiquiora (ca. 1590) 从阿基米德流体静力学到后亚里士多德力学:伽利略的早期手稿De motu antiquiora(约1590)
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2017-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-017-0202-y
Stefano Salvia
{"title":"From Archimedean Hydrostatics to Post-Aristotelian Mechanics: Galileo’s Early Manuscripts De motu antiquiora (ca. 1590)","authors":"Stefano Salvia","doi":"10.1007/s00016-017-0202-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-017-0202-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Galileo’s early inquiries on motion and free fall in Pisa (1588–1592) can be regarded as a case study of multiple knowledge transfer at the very basic roots of modern mechanics. The treatise <i>De motu</i>, unpublished until 1890, is an original but unsuccessful attempt to go beyond Aristotelian physics by extending Archimedean hydrostatics to the dynamics of natural motion and reappraising the late-medieval <i>impetus</i> theory to account for violent motion and acceleration. I will discuss in particular why Galileo was forced to abandon his project before moving to Padua and how the manuscripts <i>De motu</i> provided him with a “research agenda” for further theoretical and experimental investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"19 2","pages":"105 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-017-0202-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5160374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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