Physics in Perspective最新文献

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The Impermanent Archive 无常的档案
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-024-00307-8
Robert L. Naylor, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley
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引用次数: 0
Dreams of Declassification: The Early Cold War Quest for Nuclear Knowledge in The Netherlands and Norway 解密之梦:冷战早期在荷兰和挪威对核知识的探索
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00305-2
Machiel Kleemans
{"title":"Dreams of Declassification: The Early Cold War Quest for Nuclear Knowledge in The Netherlands and Norway","authors":"Machiel Kleemans","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00305-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00305-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article seeks to explore the relation between nuclear physics and secrecy in early Cold War Europe. After World War II, nuclear physics re-emerged from the Manhattan Project as a largely classified field. Over time, the boundary between secret and unclassified information set by the United States moved due to both political and scientific developments. This shifting boundary of secrecy is taken as a place to investigate power relations in the context of Cold War Science. The Netherlands and Norway are two countries with early nuclear programs that tried to move this boundary, in part by building a joint reactor in 1951. Whereas they requested classified information from the US in 1946, their programs developed to a point where the US made requests to classify nuclear information in Europe by 1960. Between 1954 and 1960, the joint reactor program became the site of a multilateral intelligence operation. Secrecy was used as an intelligence tool to spread nuclear disinformation to the Soviet Union. This history shows how (de)classification opened and closed windows of opportunity and sheds light on the effectiveness of classification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-023-00305-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Film Review Revenge of the Nerds 电影评论《复仇的书呆子》(Revenge of the Nerds
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00304-3
Coreen McGuire, Joseph D. Martin
{"title":"Film Review Revenge of the Nerds","authors":"Coreen McGuire,&nbsp;Joseph D. Martin","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00304-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00304-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Secret Science 秘密科学
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00303-4
Joseph D. Martin, Robert L. Naylor, Richard Staley
{"title":"Secret Science","authors":"Joseph D. Martin,&nbsp;Robert L. Naylor,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00303-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00303-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JASON in Europe: Contestation and the Physicists’ Dilemma about the Vietnam War 欧洲的 JASON:关于越南战争的争论和物理学家的两难选择
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00302-5
Gerardo Ienna, Simone Turchetti
{"title":"JASON in Europe: Contestation and the Physicists’ Dilemma about the Vietnam War","authors":"Gerardo Ienna,&nbsp;Simone Turchetti","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00302-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00302-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines the contestation that in the summer of 1972 disrupted workshops in Western Europe featuring renowned physicists affiliated to the top-secret JASON advisory group. Set up by the US Department of Defense research division, JASON was responsible for outlining new bombing strategies in the context of the Vietnam War. Some of the physicists involved in the protest had contributed instead to the International War Crimes (Russell) Tribunal, gathering evidence in Indochina on the allegedly genocidal character of the US bombing. In reconstructing the history of the contestation, this article contends that the conflict was an opportunity for advertising diverging political stances in the rebellious atmosphere of early 1970s, as much as to convey competing views about the physicists’ influence on global affairs. In particular, while JASON members boasted that their advisory roles stifled bellicose approaches, the protesters recalled the merits of independent inquiry and advocacy “from below” the elitist sphere of government advice, describing these as a better way to advance principles of global social justice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-023-00302-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calculating and Mapping the Disposition of Future Heavens: Ferdinand Verbiest’s Weather Forecasting and Its Termination During the Qing Court (1669–1680) 计算和绘制未来天象:费迪南德-韦尔比斯特的天气预报及其在清廷的终止(1669-1680 年)
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00301-6
Weixing Niu, Yejing Ge, Haohao Zhu
{"title":"Calculating and Mapping the Disposition of Future Heavens: Ferdinand Verbiest’s Weather Forecasting and Its Termination During the Qing Court (1669–1680)","authors":"Weixing Niu,&nbsp;Yejing Ge,&nbsp;Haohao Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00301-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00301-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After the resurgence of Jesuit astronomy in 1669, the Flemish Jesuit missionary Ferdinand Verbiest (1623–1688) became the de facto head of the Astronomical Bureau in Qing China. Following the actions of the Italian priest Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) and of the German astronomer Johann Adam Schall von Bell (1591–1666), Verbiest mainly focused on weather forecasting to substitute Chinese traditional astrology with European natural astrology (how planetary motions affected the weather, disease, and agriculture), thereby disseminating his religious beliefs via Western mathematical science. Meanwhile, a series of strategies were mobilized to boost the credibility of this craft, including claiming its technical superiority based on actual celestial positions and calculations, masking the uncertainties with “approximate agreement” (the widening of the acceptable range), and dedicating mathematical instruments for a deep understanding. However, due to sudden political changes and Emperor Kangxi’s (1654–1722) criticism, Verbiest was forced to compromise on the public astrological discourse. Eventually, as the very speculative nature of his craft became apparent, the authorities declared the end of natural astrology and the full restoration of Chinese astrology. Verbiest’s story broadens the current picture of the calendrical and astrological reforms led by Jesuit scientists in China and provides a wider framework to analyze the global spread of Jesuit science and belief.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136071897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Before and After the Fall: Geography of Soviet and Post-Soviet Physics Surveyed via Leading Journals 苏联解体前后:主要期刊对苏联和后苏联物理地理学的调查
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00298-y
Ivan Sterligov
{"title":"Before and After the Fall: Geography of Soviet and Post-Soviet Physics Surveyed via Leading Journals","authors":"Ivan Sterligov","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00298-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00298-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a dataset of corresponding addresses in the <i>Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics</i> (<i>JETP</i>) and <i>JETP Letters</i> (<i>JETPL</i>), which were the leading venues for Soviet physics, we perform a large-scale survey of the spatial geography of Soviet and post-Soviet physics during the period 1975–2015, capturing the changing roles of different republics and cities within the USSR, post-Soviet states, and countries that were never part of the Soviet Union. We also pay attention to the role of Russian-speaking emigrants. Such a detailed and data-driven geography, based on two leading cross-physics publications, serves as a novel addition to the fields of the history of physics and Soviet/post-Soviet science and geopolitics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4978591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between Old and New Interpretations of Life: Animal Electricity at the First Congress of Italian Scientists 在生命的新旧解释之间:意大利科学家第一次会议上的动物电
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00296-0
Roberto Mantovani
{"title":"Between Old and New Interpretations of Life: Animal Electricity at the First Congress of Italian Scientists","authors":"Roberto Mantovani","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00296-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00296-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1839, collaborating with physicist Luigi Pacinotti, the Italian physician and historian of medicine Francesco Puccinotti announced a successful measurement of the existence of electrovital currents in live warm- and cold-blooded animals. To perform this measurement, they used the astatic galvanometer developed by Leopoldo Nobili. The experimental demonstrations took place in Pisa on the morning of October 13, 1839 as part of the First Congress of Italian Scientists. The experiment had been carefully prepared and tested ahead of the Congress in June and July of the same year. Two congressional commissions, composed respectively of doctors and physicists, discussed the results of the experiments and disclosed conflicting views. The physicists diplomatically expressed doubt, saying that the current measured might have been similar, although weaker, to that found in already dead animals and therefore could be traced to physicochemical processes. A debate developed at the Congress and continued afterwards. This significant episode helped keep the question of animal electricity open in Italy, stimulating the development of new electrophysiological studies in the following decade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-023-00296-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4408546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vital Physics 重要的物理
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00297-z
Robert L. Naylor, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley
{"title":"Vital Physics","authors":"Robert L. Naylor,&nbsp;Joseph D. Martin,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00297-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00297-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4827997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Small Physics 小的物理
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-022-00295-7
Joseph D. Martin, Robert L. Naylor, Richard Staley
{"title":"Small Physics","authors":"Joseph D. Martin,&nbsp;Robert L. Naylor,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-022-00295-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-022-00295-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4680559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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