Physics in Perspective最新文献

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Autobiographical Notes of a Physicist 物理学家自传笔记
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-024-00310-z
N. David Mermin
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引用次数: 0
Divergent Stories in the History of Physics 物理学史上的分歧故事
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-024-00313-w
Robert Naylor, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley
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引用次数: 0
Identifying and Understanding Historical Scientific Instruments: The Case of the Physics Cabinet of the University of Bologna 识别和理解历史科学仪器:博洛尼亚大学物理柜案例
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-024-00308-7
Laura Rigotti, Eugenio Bertozzi
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引用次数: 0
A New Literary Style of Science: The Rise of Acronyms in Physics and Astronomy 科学的新文体:物理学和天文学中缩略语的兴起
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-024-00306-9
Helge Kragh
{"title":"A New Literary Style of Science: The Rise of Acronyms in Physics and Astronomy","authors":"Helge Kragh","doi":"10.1007/s00016-024-00306-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-024-00306-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research articles in all branches of modern science are crowded with the abbreviated technical terms known as acronyms, a phenomenon that was essentially unknown before World War II. Apart from an introduction to the notion of acronyms and its short history, the paper discusses from a historical perspective the connections between acronyms and eponyms in science. Moreover, it charts how acronyms and abbreviations became so common in physics and astronomy that the excessive use of them came to be considered a symptom of a contagious disease. While many science acronyms are exotic and little used, and some downright bizarre, others have become household words that in some cases are not even recognized to be acronymic constructions. The paper briefly examines the naming histories of some of these successful acronyms in physics and astronomy, among them radar, sonar, maser, laser, and pulsar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"25 4","pages":"175 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-024-00306-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140150789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impermanent Archive 无常的档案
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-024-00307-8
Robert L. Naylor, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley
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引用次数: 0
Dreams of Declassification: The Early Cold War Quest for Nuclear Knowledge in The Netherlands and Norway 解密之梦:冷战早期在荷兰和挪威对核知识的探索
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00305-2
Machiel Kleemans
{"title":"Dreams of Declassification: The Early Cold War Quest for Nuclear Knowledge in The Netherlands and Norway","authors":"Machiel Kleemans","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00305-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00305-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article seeks to explore the relation between nuclear physics and secrecy in early Cold War Europe. After World War II, nuclear physics re-emerged from the Manhattan Project as a largely classified field. Over time, the boundary between secret and unclassified information set by the United States moved due to both political and scientific developments. This shifting boundary of secrecy is taken as a place to investigate power relations in the context of Cold War Science. The Netherlands and Norway are two countries with early nuclear programs that tried to move this boundary, in part by building a joint reactor in 1951. Whereas they requested classified information from the US in 1946, their programs developed to a point where the US made requests to classify nuclear information in Europe by 1960. Between 1954 and 1960, the joint reactor program became the site of a multilateral intelligence operation. Secrecy was used as an intelligence tool to spread nuclear disinformation to the Soviet Union. This history shows how (de)classification opened and closed windows of opportunity and sheds light on the effectiveness of classification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"25 3","pages":"106 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-023-00305-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Film Review Revenge of the Nerds 电影评论《复仇的书呆子》(Revenge of the Nerds
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00304-3
Coreen McGuire, Joseph D. Martin
{"title":"Film Review Revenge of the Nerds","authors":"Coreen McGuire,&nbsp;Joseph D. Martin","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00304-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00304-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"25 3","pages":"169 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Secret Science 秘密科学
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00303-4
Joseph D. Martin, Robert L. Naylor, Richard Staley
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引用次数: 0
JASON in Europe: Contestation and the Physicists’ Dilemma about the Vietnam War 欧洲的 JASON:关于越南战争的争论和物理学家的两难选择
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00302-5
Gerardo Ienna, Simone Turchetti
{"title":"JASON in Europe: Contestation and the Physicists’ Dilemma about the Vietnam War","authors":"Gerardo Ienna,&nbsp;Simone Turchetti","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00302-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00302-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines the contestation that in the summer of 1972 disrupted workshops in Western Europe featuring renowned physicists affiliated to the top-secret JASON advisory group. Set up by the US Department of Defense research division, JASON was responsible for outlining new bombing strategies in the context of the Vietnam War. Some of the physicists involved in the protest had contributed instead to the International War Crimes (Russell) Tribunal, gathering evidence in Indochina on the allegedly genocidal character of the US bombing. In reconstructing the history of the contestation, this article contends that the conflict was an opportunity for advertising diverging political stances in the rebellious atmosphere of early 1970s, as much as to convey competing views about the physicists’ influence on global affairs. In particular, while JASON members boasted that their advisory roles stifled bellicose approaches, the protesters recalled the merits of independent inquiry and advocacy “from below” the elitist sphere of government advice, describing these as a better way to advance principles of global social justice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"25 3","pages":"85 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-023-00302-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calculating and Mapping the Disposition of Future Heavens: Ferdinand Verbiest’s Weather Forecasting and Its Termination During the Qing Court (1669–1680) 计算和绘制未来天象:费迪南德-韦尔比斯特的天气预报及其在清廷的终止(1669-1680 年)
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-023-00301-6
Weixing Niu, Yejing Ge, Haohao Zhu
{"title":"Calculating and Mapping the Disposition of Future Heavens: Ferdinand Verbiest’s Weather Forecasting and Its Termination During the Qing Court (1669–1680)","authors":"Weixing Niu,&nbsp;Yejing Ge,&nbsp;Haohao Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00016-023-00301-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-023-00301-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After the resurgence of Jesuit astronomy in 1669, the Flemish Jesuit missionary Ferdinand Verbiest (1623–1688) became the de facto head of the Astronomical Bureau in Qing China. Following the actions of the Italian priest Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) and of the German astronomer Johann Adam Schall von Bell (1591–1666), Verbiest mainly focused on weather forecasting to substitute Chinese traditional astrology with European natural astrology (how planetary motions affected the weather, disease, and agriculture), thereby disseminating his religious beliefs via Western mathematical science. Meanwhile, a series of strategies were mobilized to boost the credibility of this craft, including claiming its technical superiority based on actual celestial positions and calculations, masking the uncertainties with “approximate agreement” (the widening of the acceptable range), and dedicating mathematical instruments for a deep understanding. However, due to sudden political changes and Emperor Kangxi’s (1654–1722) criticism, Verbiest was forced to compromise on the public astrological discourse. Eventually, as the very speculative nature of his craft became apparent, the authorities declared the end of natural astrology and the full restoration of Chinese astrology. Verbiest’s story broadens the current picture of the calendrical and astrological reforms led by Jesuit scientists in China and provides a wider framework to analyze the global spread of Jesuit science and belief.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"25 3","pages":"137 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136071897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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