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Pre-industrial ‘charity land’ and the dynamics of rural poverty in south-west England, 1656–1739: a case study 工业化前的“慈善土地”与英格兰西南部农村贫困的动态，1656-1739:一个案例研究
2区 历史学
Rural History-Economy Society Culture Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0956793323000183
Hideaki Inui
{"title":"Pre-industrial ‘charity land’ and the dynamics of rural poverty in south-west England, 1656–1739: a case study","authors":"Hideaki Inui","doi":"10.1017/s0956793323000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793323000183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Post-enclosure charity lands in the period before the establishment of the charity commission in 1818 pose some fundamental questions. The amount and types of payment that recipients received, how they shifted over the period, and how the spectrum of relief adjusted to the massive macro-level changes – particularly the improvement in poor labourers’ standards of living that occurred between c.1660 and c.1760 – are all of interest. By focusing on a dataset derived from an account book for a charity in Mere (Wiltshire) between 1656 and 1739, this paper reveals how the parish authorities coped with the developing economic polarities in rural society and made changes over time in the size and significance of the doles made from the funds arising from the charity lands, indicating the inextricably mixed nature of welfare – the balance between the different financial resources available both from formal relief and parish charities – in this period.","PeriodicalId":44300,"journal":{"name":"Rural History-Economy Society Culture","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The ‘pheasant of the future’: Encountering and imagining Reeves’ pheasant in Britain, 1831 – 1913 “未来的野鸡”:1831 - 1913年在英国遇到和想象里夫斯的野鸡
2区 历史学
Rural History-Economy Society Culture Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1017/s0956793323000171
Matthew Carter
{"title":"The ‘pheasant of the future’: Encountering and imagining Reeves’ pheasant in Britain, 1831 – 1913","authors":"Matthew Carter","doi":"10.1017/s0956793323000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793323000171","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the presence of Reeves’ pheasant ( Syrmaticus reevesii ) in Britain. It investigates how encounters between British people and Reeves’ pheasant informed their imaginings of the species, from its first introduction into Britain from China in 1831 to 1913 when a serious decline in its numbers began. Drawing on natural history texts, records from the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , technical literature on pheasant rearing, and extracts from periodicals, magazines, and generalist encyclopaedias, this paper shows how imagined and physical encounters with Reeves’ pheasant, by naturalists, acclimatisers, pheasant enthusiasts, and sportsmen, informed shifting constructions of the species, which influenced and shaped its presence in Britain.","PeriodicalId":44300,"journal":{"name":"Rural History-Economy Society Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RUH volume 34 issue 2 Cover and Back matter RUH第34卷第2期封面和封底
2区 历史学
Rural History-Economy Society Culture Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0956793323000201
{"title":"RUH volume 34 issue 2 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0956793323000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793323000201","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":44300,"journal":{"name":"Rural History-Economy Society Culture","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136247438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RUH volume 34 issue 2 Cover and Front matter RUH第34卷第2期封面和封面问题
2区 历史学
Rural History-Economy Society Culture Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0956793323000195
{"title":"RUH volume 34 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0956793323000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793323000195","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":44300,"journal":{"name":"Rural History-Economy Society Culture","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136247447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Rebato: Popular uprisings and the striking of the bells in eighteenth-century Castile 反抗:18世纪卡斯蒂利亚的民众起义和钟声
2区 历史学
Rural History-Economy Society Culture Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0956793323000158
Mauro Hernández
{"title":"<i>A Rebato</i>: Popular uprisings and the striking of the bells in eighteenth-century Castile","authors":"Mauro Hernández","doi":"10.1017/s0956793323000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793323000158","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper delves into the dynamics of popular revolt in early modern Castile, taking as a viewpoint a revealing feature of these disturbances, the bell-ringing widely known as rebato, an equivalent to the French tocsin. While alarm bells have long been recognised as a prevalent element of popular revolt in Europe from medieval times, they have received limited specific scholarly attention. This study provides an overview of the historical significance of this distinctive sound and examines its material aspects. Subsequently, the paper investigates several instances of bell-ringing during Castilian riots, as reflected in archival sources, and analyses its meaning both for townspeople and the authorities. In attempting to elucidate the reasons behind the aversion this sound provoked among the privileged classes and the authorities, the study explores the political, ritual, and sonic dimensions of the rebato.","PeriodicalId":44300,"journal":{"name":"Rural History-Economy Society Culture","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135202834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public education and professionalisation of Italian Agriculture (1861–1914) 公共教育与意大利农业专业化（1861–1914）
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Rural History-Economy Society Culture Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1017/s0956793323000146
Manuel Vaquero Piñeiro
{"title":"Public education and professionalisation of Italian Agriculture (1861–1914)","authors":"Manuel Vaquero Piñeiro","doi":"10.1017/s0956793323000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793323000146","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper analyses the formation in Italy of a school system focused on the training of technical and managerial personnel in the agricultural sector. Drawing on a rich literature on the relationship between school training, social change, and economic modernisation, this study details an under-researched aspect of the formation of the national state. Italy constitutes an exemplary case study as for the reforming action of public institutions in the field of education as well as the modernising policies that concerned the rural sector of the country before the First World War. Schools of agriculture in Italy became a means of social advancement not only for a wide sector of rural society but also for the children of the artisan and commercial bourgeoisie of small urban centres. This study thereby makes a novel contribution to the ongoing debate on the development of agriculture-related professions in Italy between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.","PeriodicalId":44300,"journal":{"name":"Rural History-Economy Society Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44755226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prospering despite the adverse terms of emancipation? Accumulation of wealth by peasant farmers in the tsarist Russian province of Livonia, 1853–1913 不顾解放的不利条件而繁荣?沙皇俄国利沃尼亚省农民的财富积累，1853-1913
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Rural History-Economy Society Culture Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/s0956793323000122
K. Lust
{"title":"Prospering despite the adverse terms of emancipation? Accumulation of wealth by peasant farmers in the tsarist Russian province of Livonia, 1853–1913","authors":"K. Lust","doi":"10.1017/s0956793323000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793323000122","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article addresses the issue of wealth accumulation by peasant farmers in the post-emancipation era in the Russian Baltic province of Livonia. The Baltic emancipation schemes stand out as the least beneficial for peasants as they set neither time limits nor land price levels, and the state government did not provide any credit to the purchasers of farms. However, in northern Livonia the nominal value of peasant farmers’ wealth grew as much as tenfold from 1850 to 1913. The study reveals that the advantages and disadvantages of high farm purchase prices should be considered in combination with other factors affecting agricultural growth. In the Baltic context, the large size of the farms, land consolidation, well-developed infrastructure, and the commercialisation of production helped the farm owners amass a relatively large amount of wealth within a generation. Technological improvement also contributed to the rise in productivity and wealth.","PeriodicalId":44300,"journal":{"name":"Rural History-Economy Society Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47077426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of quality in the grain market: wheat prices formation in eighteenth-century Northern Italy 质量在粮食市场中的作用：18世纪意大利北部小麦价格的形成
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Rural History-Economy Society Culture Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/s0956793323000134
G. Ongaro, Laura Prosperi, Wouter Ronsijn
{"title":"The role of quality in the grain market: wheat prices formation in eighteenth-century Northern Italy","authors":"G. Ongaro, Laura Prosperi, Wouter Ronsijn","doi":"10.1017/s0956793323000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793323000134","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of wheat quality in the formation of wheat prices in the early modern period, adopting eighteenth-century northern Italy as a case study. Wheat prices have been widely used by economic historians to calculate living standards, determine the degree of market integration, and date famines. Rarely, however, have economic historians focused on how wheat prices were determined. By looking at the wheat supply chain, we will try to make more visible the extent to which wheat quality was crucial in determining the value of wheat and, as a consequence, the final price of grain.","PeriodicalId":44300,"journal":{"name":"Rural History-Economy Society Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47968987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Productive practices in Andean rural areas and their relationship to extractive markets (Atacama Desert, northern Chile, 1915–2019) 安第斯山脉农村地区的生产实践及其与采掘市场的关系(智利北部阿塔卡马沙漠，1915-2019)
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Rural History-Economy Society Culture Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0956793323000110
Matías Calderón-Seguel, Manuel Prieto
{"title":"Productive practices in Andean rural areas and their relationship to extractive markets (Atacama Desert, northern Chile, 1915–2019)","authors":"Matías Calderón-Seguel, Manuel Prieto","doi":"10.1017/s0956793323000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793323000110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Extractivism has marked the history of Latin America whose operations are in rural territories inhabited mainly by indigenous populations. Mining has had a remarkable expansion in rural territories of the Andes. Critical studies of these processes have focused on the disruptive aspects and conflict between companies, local populations, and States. However, mining has also been intertwined with the territories based on contradictory relationships at different timescales. To examine this issue, we carried out a historical reconstruction of the productive practices of the Caspana community indigenous (northern Chile) and their different forms of connection with mining development. We combine diverse data sources and methodological approaches: oral histories obtained from ethnography, censuses, explorers’ records, and academic literature. We identify different types of relationships over time, according to the different forms of indigenous participation in the extractive markets and the deployment and rearrangement of diverse economic strategies by the indigenous population.","PeriodicalId":44300,"journal":{"name":"Rural History-Economy Society Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44630262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Sandringham Estate: the Prince of Wales’s 1862 purchase and implications for local people, wildlife and landscape 桑德林汉姆庄园:威尔士亲王1862年的购买及其对当地人民、野生动物和景观的影响
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Rural History-Economy Society Culture Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.1017/s0956793323000109
Rachael Jones
{"title":"The Sandringham Estate: the Prince of Wales’s 1862 purchase and implications for local people, wildlife and landscape","authors":"Rachael Jones","doi":"10.1017/s0956793323000109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793323000109","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Sandringham Estate was purchased in 1862 by the Prince of Wales to be his home away from London. This article uses a variety of sources to chart the changes to the estate as the prince developed his new holding. The acquisition required staff at all levels and in many and varied roles, which gave opportunities to local people and to those who moved in from further away. The countryside changed dramatically too with new plantations of trees and significantly increased rearing of game birds. There were benefits for the local population in having a royal landlord but there was also tension related to the prince’s predilection for blood sports and his level of control. The hitherto nearly invisible lower ranks of staff on this royal estate come to the fore in this article, which is a striking example of ‘history from below’ set immediately beside the royal family.","PeriodicalId":44300,"journal":{"name":"Rural History-Economy Society Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47443034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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