人文科学最新文献

{"title":"Learning Accurate Onset Clusters: Perception Lags Behind Production.","authors":"Claire Moore-Cantwell, Anne-Michelle Tessier, Ashley Farris-Trimble","doi":"10.1177/00238309251362881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309251362881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates young school-aged children's knowledge (at 4-7 years) of accurate English word-initial onset clusters. By this age, we expect children to be mostly accurate in producing #CC clusters (rather than repairing them with deletion or epenthesis). We ask how well can they recognize and reject cluster repair errors, in both real and nonce word tasks. The results suggest that these learners' cluster judgment skills lag behind their cluster production abilities, and that asymmetries in error types do not overall align between the two domains. Perceptual errors are made most often when comparing clusters with epenthesis repairs, not deletion, and the cluster's sonority profile does not directly influence error rates. After comparing these findings with similar results from adult L2 English speakers as well, we discuss the ways in which issues like recoverability, salience, and contiguity can account for our findings. We also suggest that more work on phonological knowledge and judgments in older children will provide a broader understanding of sound pattern acquisition across development.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309251362881"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: \"Personhood Begins at Birth-A Rational Foundation for Abortion Policy in a Secular State\".","authors":"Johnny Sakr","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10494-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10494-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching with heart and mind: How social-emotional skills mediate observation, perezhivanie , and pedagogical agency in Vietnamese EFL classrooms","authors":"Ngo Cong-Lem","doi":"10.1177/13621688251367848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688251367848","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how Vietnamese university teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) navigate moment-to-moment classroom challenges through the interconnected processes of observation, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">perezhivanie</jats:italic> , and teacher agency. Grounded in Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory, the study draws on qualitative data from two experienced educators to explore how social-emotional skills (SES),culturally developed capacities for self-awareness, emotional regulation, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making, mediate teachers’ professional responsiveness. Findings indicate that SES enabled teachers to attune to subtle verbal and non-verbal cues, regulate emotional tensions during unexpected classroom moments, and maintain relational harmony while addressing pedagogical goals. Through <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">perezhivanie</jats:italic> , emotionally salient classroom events were processed in ways that shaped evolving interpretations of student needs and informed subsequent actions. Teacher agency emerged as a developmentally layered process, characterized by ongoing negotiation between personal values, emotional insights, and institutional demands. Both participants demonstrated how SES supported their ability to reframe problematic incidents, prioritize long-term relational dynamics over immediate control, and strategically adapt lesson content and delivery in culturally appropriate ways. This study proposes a Developmental Cycle of Adaptive Teaching, emphasizing how SES mediates interpretations, reflections, and pedagogical actions in culturally nuanced contexts. The findings underscore the importance of fostering social-emotional skills in teacher education, not only to support teachers’ own well-being but also to enhance student engagement, emotional safety, and overall classroom effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":47852,"journal":{"name":"Language Teaching Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating trustworthiness in AI-Based diabetic retinopathy screening: addressing transparency, consent, and privacy challenges.","authors":"Anshul Chauhan, Debarati Sarkar, Garima Singh Verma, Harsh Rastogi, Karthik Adapa, Mona Duggal","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01265-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01265-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) offers significant potential to drive advancements in healthcare; however, the development and implementation of AI models present complex ethical, legal, social, and technical challenges, as data practices often undermine regulatory frameworks in various regions worldwide. This study explores stakeholder perspectives on the development and deployment of AI algorithms for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening, with a focus on ethical risks, data practices, governance, and emerging shortcomings in the Global South AI discourse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with ophthalmologists, program officers, AI developers, bioethics experts, and legal professionals. Thematic analysis was guided by OECD principles for responsible AI stewardship. Interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA software to identify themes related to AI trustworthiness and ethical governance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six key themes emerged regarding the perceived trustworthiness of AI: algorithmic effectiveness, responsible data collection, ethical approval processes, explainability, implementation challenges, and accountability. Participants reported critical shortcomings in AI companies' data collection practices, including a lack of transparency, inadequate consent processes, and limited patient awareness about data ownership. These findings highlight how unchecked data collection and curation practices may reinforce data colonialism in low and middle-income healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ensuring trustworthy AI requires transparent and accountable data practices, robust patient consent mechanisms, and regulatory frameworks aligned with ethical and privacy standards. Addressing these issues is vital to safeguarding patient rights, preventing data misuse, and fostering responsible AI ecosystems in the Global South.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respect, equality, and recognition in practice: a qualitative analysis of nurses' workplace dignity in China.","authors":"Yaping Feng, Ting Xu, Yuting Wang, Jingxuan Zhang, Jingxi Xu, Yu Zhang, Hong Luo, Bowen Xue","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01292-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01292-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Workplace dignity is a fundamental ethical concern in nursing, directly related to professional identity, human rights, and the moral foundations of care. Despite increasing global attention, few qualitative studies have explored how nurses themselves perceive and articulate workplace dignity, particularly within sociocultural contexts marked by rapid healthcare transformation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study was conducted in January 2025 at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China. Sixteen registered nurses were recruited through purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nurses described workplace dignity as a subjective experience shaped by respect, equality, and recognition of self-worth. Influencing factors included sociodemographic characteristics, patient-related factors, organizational factors, and social factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Workplace dignity is dynamic and socially constructed. Enhancing dignity requires supportive management, fair compensation, positive workplace culture, and improved societal recognition of the nursing profession.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hard then, harder now: internal medicine residents' moral distress pre and amidst COVID-19.","authors":"Harriet Fisher, Stephanie McLaughlin, Tavinder Ark, Sondra Zabar, Katharine Lawrence, Kathleen Hanley","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01274-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01274-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust transfer from medical AI to doctors and hospitals: Integrating digital, AI, and scientific literacy in a cross-sectional framework.","authors":"Jie Yao, Zhibo Zhou, Huaqing Cui, Yujie Ouyang, Wenhao Han","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01300-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01300-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates how different forms of literacy shape trust in medical AI and its transfer in healthcare contexts. Based on a survey of 1,250 participants, three findings emerge. First, digital literacy and AI literacy exert opposite influences on medical AI trust: while digital literacy enhances trust, higher AI literacy unexpectedly reduces it. This paradox highlights a theoretical puzzle in technology acceptance, suggesting that deeper knowledge can generate informed skepticism rather than blind confidence. Second, trust in medical AI transfers hierarchically, flowing to hospitals only through physician trust as a critical intermediary, underscoring the role of interpersonal trust in institutional trust building. Third, scientific literacy moderates this process, with higher literacy dampening trust transfer, reflecting the impact of cognitive processing differences. These results extend theories of trust and technology acceptance by integrating multiple literacies and uncovering divergent cognitive pathways. Practically, they call for communication strategies and policy designs that calibrate trust-strengthening physicians' role as trust brokers, balancing education about AI's capacities and risks, and leveraging explainable AI tools to sustain appropriate confidence in medical AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between knowledge and hope-the relationship between the patient and the doctor.","authors":"Katarzyna Rakoczy, Julia Rudno-Rudzińska, Mateusz Dąsal","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01289-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01289-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The patient-doctor relationship significantly influences treatment effectiveness. This relationship unfolds amid clinical complexity and emotional vulnerability. By framing the initial consultation as the beginning of Prof. Józef Tischner's dramatic arc, this study suggests that this encounter, where knowledge meets hope, embodies the classical Greek ideal of Kalos kagathos, understood here as the ethical and aesthetic unity of goodness and beauty, also referred to as moral beauty. Apathy emerges as the primary barrier to realizing these ethical ideals in clinical practice, diminishing the profession's value by negating the intrinsic beauty and moral significance of aiding those in distress. This ethical vision is herein interpreted through a Christian lens, where faith and spirituality, defined as the personal search for transcendent meaning and moral purpose, provide a deeper moral grounding for both empathy and vocation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To examine both the philosophical and practical aspects of the patient-doctor relationship, we conducted a survey of 173 participants among patients, medical students, and doctors. The survey assessed perceptions of the therapeutic alliance, the role of empathy, and the impact of apathy. Statistical analysis identified key patterns and associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicate that while doctors play a crucial role in shaping the therapeutic alliance, patients' engagement and attitudes are equally important. Apathy was identified as a major challenge, weakening the ethical foundation of medical practice and diminishing the depth of doctor-patient interactions. Participants emphasized the need for mutual effort in fostering a meaningful dialogue throughout the treatment process. Notably, participants who valued religion and spirituality, defined here as the personal orientation toward meaning, moral depth, and potentially transcendent connection, expressed a greater emphasis on empathy, shared moral responsibility, and the integration of spiritual care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The formation of a strong therapeutic alliance requires shared responsibility between doctor and patient. Addressing apathy and enhancing engagement on both sides may strengthen this bond, improving the quality of care and patient outcomes. By drawing on Christian values and the spiritual dimension of care, this study highlights how faith can enrich the humanistic core of medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering double-effect sedation: clinical perspectives beyond intentions.","authors":"Linyan Wei, Yi Guo","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-111381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2025-111381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effect of metaphor awareness-raising instruction on L2 learners’ acquisition of requests: Application of computer-animated production tasks for evaluation","authors":"Lianrui Yang, Qi Wang, Qi Lu, Ying Chen","doi":"10.1177/13621688251368638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688251368638","url":null,"abstract":"This study responds to the growing emphasis on applying the cognitive linguistic approach to second language (L2) teaching by investigating the effects of metaphor awareness-raising instruction on the acquisition of requests in the underexplored domain of L2 pragmatics. Using a pretest, intervention, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest design, this study compares the performance of an experimental group exposed to metaphor awareness-raising instruction with a comparison group receiving explicit instruction. Both groups engaged in three weekly 35-minute teaching sessions. Computer-animated production tasks were utilized to elicit learners’ request productions in the pretest, immediate, and delayed posttests. Results indicated significant improvement in both groups postintervention, with the experimental group demonstrating sustained learning effects. In addition, the experimental group outperformed the comparison group significantly in both immediate and delayed posttests, emphasizing the efficacy of metaphor awareness-raising in enhancing pragmatic competence. This study contributes valuable insights for improving instructional methodologies in L2 pragmatic teaching.","PeriodicalId":47852,"journal":{"name":"Language Teaching Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}