人文科学最新文献

{"title":"Design and psychometric properties of a tool to assess Adherence to the Code of Ethics in Midwifery.","authors":"Zahra Kiani, Masoumeh Simbar, Abbas Ebadi, Soheila Nazarpour","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01246-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01246-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Knowledge and Expertise Under Authoritarian Siege: A Defense of Academic Freedom from Digital Journalism Studies","authors":"Oscar Westlund, Matt Carlson, Basyouni Hamada, Natali Helberger, Sophie Lecheler, Seth C. Lewis, Thorsten Quandt, Stephen D. Reese, Ramón Salaverría, Magdalena Saldaña, T. J. Thomson, Karin Wahl-Jorgensen, Shangyuan Wu","doi":"10.1080/21670811.2025.2527997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2025.2527997","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11166,"journal":{"name":"Digital Journalism","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI Hype Through an African Lens: A Critical Analysis of Language as Symbolic Action in Online News Publications","authors":"Sisanda Nkoala, Trust Matsilele, Musawenkosi Ndlovu, Tanja Bosch","doi":"10.1080/21670811.2025.2528052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2025.2528052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11166,"journal":{"name":"Digital Journalism","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The situatedness of aesthetic emotions: a review of the literature and a proposal for its study in variationist linguistics","authors":"Javier E. Díaz-Vera","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2025.101744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2025.101744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the situatedness of aesthetic emotions, emphasizing their cultural, historical, and contextual variability. It critiques the Western-centric framework that often dominates the study of aesthetic emotions, arguing for a more inclusive approach that recognizes the influence of diverse cultural practices and beliefs. The paper identifies key research gaps, including the need for a comprehensive lexicon of aesthetic emotions across languages, the impact of social and cultural factors on aesthetic evaluations, and the historical evolution of aesthetic emotion expressions. It integrates insights from psychological constructionist models, which view aesthetic emotions as emerging from the interplay of prior knowledge and contextual cues, rather than from a universal affective core. The study employs a sociocognitive framework and a corpus-based onomasiological methodology to analyze metaphorical patterns related to aesthetic emotions in multiple languages, including Spanish, English, Old English, and Japanese. The findings highlight the importance of linguistic diversity and cultural context in shaping aesthetic experiences. By addressing these gaps, the paper aims to contribute to more inclusive theories and models that reflect human diversity, ultimately informing broader debates on multiculturalism and inclusivity in the study of aesthetic emotions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethics at the intersection of politics, society, and healthcare: the significance of media debate analyses.","authors":"Niklas Ellerich-Groppe, Bettina M Zimmermann","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01233-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01233-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the \"empirical turn\" in bioethics, empirical inquiries have gained momentum in bioethical research. However, the relevance of the systematic analysis of media debates for empirical bioethics and the corresponding methodological requirements have so far been rather underexplored. Thus, the existing approaches are methodologically heterogeneous and their significance for bioethical inquiries has not been systematically discussed. In this paper, we provide a critical reflection on the significance of media debate analyses for bioethics, which lies in the possibility of investigating the unique intersection of bioethics, politics, society, and healthcare. Through a rapid scoping review, we outline the characteristics of published media debate analyses and show the heterogeneity of the field in terms of methodologies, academic disciplines, and topics covered. We identify four levels on which these publications contribute to bioethics research: (1) by providing a descriptive empirical context; (2) by describing ethical aspects of a health topic; (3) by identifying and evaluating moral problems; and (4) by providing an ethical evaluation of media debates. Based on this, we outline basic methodological requirements, address the limitations of media debate analyses for bioethics, and indicate recent and future advancements in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferences for life-sustaining treatments in advance decisions: a cross-sectional survey of Taiwanese general public.","authors":"Daniel Fu-Chang Tsai, Yu-Chen Juang, Chun-Tung Kuo, Ping-Hsueh Lee, Duan-Rung Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01242-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01242-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Taiwan passed the Patient Right to Autonomy Act in 2016 and introduced a legal document called advance decision to address dilemmas in making life-sustaining treatment (LST) decisions for incompetent patients. However, the proportion of Taiwanese adults who have completed an advance decision remains low, and public preference trends are unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among Taiwanese adults using a structured questionnaire to assess preferences regarding five types of LSTs across four hypothetical clinical scenarios (late-stage motor neuron disease, severe dementia, irreversible coma, and terminal cancer). Participants were categorized based on their preference patterns, and factors associated with each subgroup were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 3188 individuals contacted, 2440 declined to participate, and 748 (24.3%) respondents were successfully interviewed. A total of 747 responses were included in the analysis. Latent class analysis identified four preference subgroups: pro-forgo (more than half of the respondents), neutral, aggressive, and motor-neuron-disease specific. Older age, higher education, and better quality of life were associated with a greater likelihood of belonging to the pro-forgo group, while being male, unmarried, currently not working, or not residing in northern Taiwan were associated with a lower likelihood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most respondents expressed a consistent preference to forgo LSTs in the hypothetical clinical scenarios. This suggests that the advance decision, implemented in 2019, may align with public needs. However, given the low completion rate and prevalent preference patterns, policymakers should increase efforts to ensure that those in need have access to appropriate resources and consider implementing a tiered signing process.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discourse complexity measures as indices of L2 writing proficiency: Insights from propositional connection and relation","authors":"Jingting Yuan ,&nbsp;Qiuhan Lin ,&nbsp;John Sie Yuen Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jslw.2025.101226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jslw.2025.101226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complexity is a crucial feature of L2 writing development. While substantial measures have been well-established as indices of L2 writing proficiency, they are primarily focused on the lexical and syntactic complexity of learner texts. Discourse complexity (DC), especially concerning connections and relations between propositions, remains underexplored despite its importance in discourse organization in L2 writing. This study investigates DC measures for L2 written production in both the absolute and relative/cognitive dimensions. A Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) dependency treebank of 216 argumentative essays was created to investigate the discourse structures in learner texts across three proficiency levels in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Our analysis suggests that more proficient L2 writers tend to produce more logically complex rhetorical relations, longer rhetorical length, and stronger propositional connectedness in content development and organization. Further, we show that <em>overall propositional connectedness</em> and <em>mean discourse distance</em> are both able to distinguish between texts at the CEFR A2, B1, and B2+ levels, and can be useful indicators of L2 writing proficiency. These findings not only provide novel insights into L2 complexity at the discourse level, but also carry pedagogical implications for the teaching of coherence and rhetorical organization in L2 writing classrooms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Second Language Writing","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101226"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the association between boredom and English achievement in the contexts of self-efficacy and English proficiency levels: A perspective combining the control-value theory and the Island Ridge Curve","authors":"Yuyang Cai ,&nbsp;Qiaoling Zuo ,&nbsp;Qianwen Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boredom is believed to have a detrimental effect on second/foreign language learning (L2) achievement. Studies on boredom are usually framed under the control-value theory, believing that appraisals of control (e.g., self-efficacy and L2 proficiency) and value (i.e., importance) can diminish boredom and its effect on L2 achievement. However, the associations are mostly assumed to be linear. The Island Ridge Curve (IRC) theory posits nonlinearity between individual attributes and L2 achievement. Combining the control-value theory and the IRC, the current study examined this nonlinearity in the relationship among self-efficacy, boredom, L2 achievement, and L2 proficiency. A total of 400 10th graders from a Chinese high school participated in the study. Data analysis involved three steps: (1) conducting latent profile analysis to identify the latent English proficiency groups; (2) conducting analysis of variance to compare the difference in the level of boredom across different proficiency groups; and (3) conducting multigroup structural equation modeling to explore the variation of the associations among boredom, self-efficacy, and L2 (English) achievement across different proficiency groups. Our results showed that (1) boredom appeared to be higher (though the difference is non-significant) with students in low and high L2 proficiency groups, (2) the association between boredom and English achievement was negative and fluctuated in the negative-null-negative pattern across different proficiency groups, and (3) the association between self-efficacy and boredom was negative and fluctuated in the negative (non-significant)-larger negative-smaller negative pattern. Our results show the value of combining the control-value theory and the IRC to study boredom.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103764"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethics training needs assessment for HIV research in vulnerable populations: a survey of trainees at college of health sciences, Makerere university.","authors":"Josephine Nayiga, Stephen Okoboi, Grace Banturaki, Pauline Byakika-Kibwika, Barbara Castelnuovo","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01244-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01244-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research involving vulnerable populations of people living with HIV (PLWH), such as children, adolescents, older adults, pregnant and lactating women, hospitalized patients, and key populations, presents complex bioethical challenges. We assessed bioethics training needs for trainees engaged in HIV research from the School of Medicine (SoM) of Makerere University and the Infectious Disease Institute (IDI) to inform the development of a comprehensive bioethics training program for trainees.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted from March to May 2024 using an online structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. Participants included former and current trainees who have conducted research with PLWH within the past five years. Data collected included self-rated bioethics knowledge, frequency of encountering bioethical challenges, confidence in addressing challenges across vulnerable populations, and preferred training topics and delivery formats. Descriptive data analysis was performed using STATA Version 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We attained a response rate of 67.5% (108/160). While 75.9% reported formal bioethics training, 58.3% rated their knowledge moderate. Frequently encountered challenges included maintaining confidentiality and privacy (61.1%), conducting informed consent processes (56.1%), applying bioethical principles, engaging with communities (54.6%), and selecting appropriate research participants (51.4%). Confidence in addressing bioethical challenges was notably lower for vulnerable populations than for general HIV research. Confidence of the trainees was higher in research involving older PLWH and pregnant/lactating women, moderate with children/adolescents and hospitalized individuals, and very low with key populations. Trainees expressed limited confidence in addressing cultural sensitivity, stigma, coercion, community engagement, harm monitoring, and compensation for research-related harm across all the populations. Top training priorities included ethical issues with research involving vulnerable populations (97.2%), reporting ethical concerns (94.4%), community engagement (93.6%), research on stored samples/data (94.5%), and stigma/discrimination (92.6%). Preferred formats were in-person workshops, interactive case-based scenarios, and online courses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trainees faced diverse bioethical challenges and exhibited varying confidence levels in addressing these issues across different vulnerable populations. These findings underscore the need for targeted, context-specific bioethics training tailored to conducting research with vulnerable PLWH. This study has informed the development of a comprehensive training program to improve the ethical conduct of HIV research in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of patients' treatment preferences in disorders of consciousness: a systematic review.","authors":"Niek Kok, Willemijn van Erp, Marjan J Meinders, Jelle van Gurp","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01241-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01241-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) are unable to partake in the decision making process concerning their treatment. In the process of medical decision-making, which in DoC often concerns life-and-death decisions, surrogates and healthcare professionals may try to reconstruct the treatment preferences of these patients. We aimed to identify which values and criteria have been used in various national care contexts to reconstruct the treatment preferences of incapacitated DoC patients and how reconstruction is conducted in practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a systematic review of the of conceptual and empirical ethical literature. A search was performed in seven databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Sociological Abstracts). We used thematic analysis to identify values and criteria for reconstruction of treatment preferences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>8.591 records were screened. In total, 17 conceptual studies and 13 empirical studies on preference reconstruction were included. We identified three normative-epistemic viewpoints on reconstruction of treatment preferences: a correspondence view which aims to respect personal autonomy and prioritizes the accuracy of reconstructed preferences; a coherence view which aims to respect personal identity and prioritizes the consistency of the preferences with the patient's lifeworld; and a communitarian view which aims to respect community and prioritizes the ongoing relation of a patient with family and friends. These views diverge on the problem of what makes for a good process of preference reconstruction. Additionally, treatment preferences of patients in DoC are inferred based on either past oral statements or on observations of patients' current behavior. The criteria that guide reconstructive efforts may evolve, especially when patients improve from UWS to MCS and when reconstructed preferences based on past statements and patient's current inferred psychological mental states steer treatment in mutually exclusive directions. There is no current standard approach to reconstructing treatment preferences in incapacitated DoC patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We recommend physicians to ask diversely formulated questions that stimulate surrogates towards giving multiple and rich answers. Simultaneously, physicians are advised not to overly test a surrogate's testimony because this may lead to an erosion of trust.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}