IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-025-10254-x

Joshua Parker

{"title":"Healthcare exceptionalism: should healthcare be treated differently when it comes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions?","authors":"Joshua Parker","doi":"10.1007/s11019-025-10254-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-025-10254-x","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare systems produce significant greenhouse gas emissions, raising an important question: should healthcare be treated like any other polluter when it comes to reducing its emissions, or is healthcare special because of its essential societal role? On one hand, reducing emissions is critical to combat climate change. On the other, healthcare depends on emissions to deliver vital services. The resulting tension surrounds an idea of healthcare exceptionalism and leads to the question I consider in this paper: to what extent (if any) should the valuable goals of healthcare form an exception to the burdens of reducing greenhouse gas emissions? The goals of this paper are twofold. One is to think about how to address the issue of healthcare exceptionalism. Second is to discuss the extent of healthcare's climatic responsibilities. I examine two perspectives on healthcare exceptionalism. The first treats a responsibility to reduce emissions and the delivery of healthcare as separate issues, each governed by its own principle. I reject this view, proposing instead that we consider healthcare's environmental responsibilities in conjunction with its essential functions. I defend an \"inability to pay\" principle, suggesting that while healthcare should indeed contribute to mitigating climate change, its obligations should be constrained by the necessity of maintaining its core goals like protecting health and preventing disease. Healthcare should be treated differently from other sectors, but not to the extent that it is entirely exempt from efforts to reduce emissions.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-roles and beyond: values, ethics, and practices in forensic mental health decision-making.

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-024-10247-2

Sven H Pedersen, Susanna Radovic, Thomas Nilsson, Lena Eriksson

{"title":"Dual-roles and beyond: values, ethics, and practices in forensic mental health decision-making.","authors":"Sven H Pedersen, Susanna Radovic, Thomas Nilsson, Lena Eriksson","doi":"10.1007/s11019-024-10247-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-024-10247-2","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic mental health services (FMHS) involve restricting certain individual rights to uphold or promote other ethical values - the restriction of liberty in various forms is justified with reference to health and safety of the individual and the community. The tension that arises from this has been construed as a hallmark of the practice and an ever-present quandary for practitioners. Stating this ethical dilemma upfront is a common point of departure for many texts discussing FMHS. But do we run the risk of missing something important if setting the ethical scene rather than exploring it? This paper draws on interviews with three types of interested parties in mental health law proceedings - patients, psychiatrists and public defenders, and seeks to tease out what values are enacted when they describe and discuss experiences of FMHS and court proceedings. In doing so, we find emphasized values such as acceptance, telling it like it is, atonement, normality, and ensuring the future. We find that well-delineated and separate values are not necessarily the basis for decisions. We also find potential for explanation and guidance in bringing ethical discourse closer to everyday practice.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the performance of ChatGPT in medical ethical decision-making: a comparative study with USMLE-based scenarios.

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110240

Ali A Khan, Ali R Khan, Saminah Munshi, Hari Dandapani, Mohamed Jimale, Franck M Bogni, Hussain Khawaja

{"title":"Assessing the performance of ChatGPT in medical ethical decision-making: a comparative study with USMLE-based scenarios.","authors":"Ali A Khan, Ali R Khan, Saminah Munshi, Hari Dandapani, Mohamed Jimale, Franck M Bogni, Hussain Khawaja","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-110240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2024-110240","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare introduces innovative possibilities but raises ethical, legal and professional concerns. Assessing the performance of AI in core components of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), such as communication skills, ethics, empathy and professionalism, is crucial. This study evaluates how well ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0 handle complex medical scenarios using USMLE-Rx, AMBOSS and UWorld question banks, aiming to understand its ability to navigate patient interactions according to medical ethics and standards.Methods: We compiled 273 questions from AMBOSS, USMLE-Rx and UWorld, focusing on communication, social sciences, healthcare policy and ethics. GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were tasked with answering and justifying their choices in new chat sessions to minimise model interference. Responses were compared against question bank rationales and average student performance to evaluate AI effectiveness in medical ethical decision-making.Results: GPT-3.5 answered 38.9% correctly in AMBOSS, 54.1% in USMLE-Rx and 57.4% in UWorld, with rationale accuracy rates of 83.3%, 90.0% and 87.0%, respectively. GPT-4 answered 75.9% correctly in AMBOSS, 64.9% in USMLE-Rx and 79.6% in UWorld, with rationale accuracy rates of 85.4%, 88.9%, and 98.8%, respectively. Both versions generally scored below average student performance, except GPT-4 in UWorld.Conclusion: ChatGPT, particularly version 4.0, shows potential in navigating ethical and interpersonal medical scenarios. However, human reasoning currently surpasses AI in average performance. Continued development and training of AI systems can enhance proficiency in these critical healthcare aspects.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: The role of social justice in triage revisited: a threshold conception.

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-025-10250-1

Felicitas Holzer, Nikola Biller-Andorno, Holger Baumann

引用次数: 0

Lay views in Southern France of the acceptability of refusing to provide treatment because of alleged futility.

IF 3 1区哲学

BMC Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-025-01171-y

María Teresa Muñoz Sastre, Paul Clay Sorum, Etienne Mullet

{"title":"Lay views in Southern France of the acceptability of refusing to provide treatment because of alleged futility.","authors":"María Teresa Muñoz Sastre, Paul Clay Sorum, Etienne Mullet","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01171-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01171-y","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To carry out a detailed study of existing positions in the French public of the acceptability of refusing treatment because of alleged futility, and to try to link these to people's age, gender, and religious practice.Method: 248 lay participants living in southern France were presented with 16 brief vignettes depicting a cancer patient at the end of life who asks his doctor to administer a new cancer treatment he has heard about. Considering that this treatment is futile in the patient's case, the doctor refuses to prescribe it. The vignettes were composed by systematically varying the level of four factors: likelihood of a positive effect, painfulness to the patient of the treatment, cost of the treatment, and attitude of the family.Results: Five main positions were identified. For 10%, refusing treatment was almost never acceptable. 35% judged acceptability in line with the level of painfulness. 19% judged acceptability consistent with an interaction between the painfulness of treatment and likelihood of positive effect. For 30% it was either almost always acceptable or always acceptable. 5% did not take a position.Conclusion: A range of positions regarding the acceptability of refusing to provide treatment on the basis of perceived futility was observed. These positions have been analyzed in terms of what physicians and medical ethicists would see as the four principles of medical ethics. This description of lay people's positions in terms of the principles of medical ethics present clinicians with a conceptual tool to improve communication and shared decision making.","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral expression of "experts" and public engagement: Communicating COVID-19 vaccines on Facebook public pages in Chinese.

IF 3.5 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241310147

Yipeng Xi, Weiyu Zhang

引用次数: 0

Patient Evaluation of International Medical Graduates’ Verbal and Nonverbal Strategies to Manage Their Lack of Comprehension: Investigating the Role of Goal Inferences

IF 6.2 1区文学

Communication Research Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/00936502241311938

Danni Liao, Lisa M. Guntzviller

引用次数: 0

No Consistent Evidence for Between- and Within-Person Associations Between Objective Social Media Screen Time and Body Image Dissatisfaction: Insights From a Daily Diary Study

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/20563051251313855

Adalia Y. H. Goh, Andree Hartanto, K. T. A. Sandeeshwara Kasturiratna, Nadyanna M. Majeed

{"title":"No Consistent Evidence for Between- and Within-Person Associations Between Objective Social Media Screen Time and Body Image Dissatisfaction: Insights From a Daily Diary Study","authors":"Adalia Y. H. Goh, Andree Hartanto, K. T. A. Sandeeshwara Kasturiratna, Nadyanna M. Majeed","doi":"10.1177/20563051251313855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251313855","url":null,"abstract":"With the abundance of social media content that promotes unrealistic beauty standards, there are growing concerns about the potential negative impact of social media use on body image satisfaction. While some studies highlight negative associations, others present null effects, pointing to methodological limitations like biased and unreliable self-reported screen time measures and a focus on singular platforms. Addressing these gaps, our study employed a daily diary method to objectively measure social media screen time across six major platforms ( Twitter, Reddit, TikTok, YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook), alongside daily body image dissatisfaction among 252 young adults ( Mage = 21.67 years, 67.77% female) over 7 days. Through multilevel modeling, our analysis revealed no significant within- or between-person associations between social media screen time and body image dissatisfaction, a finding consistent across all platforms. In addition, the lack of association between social media screen time and body image dissatisfaction was consistent across several exploratory moderators such as sex, self-esteem, and perfectionistic self-presentation. The current study did not find strong evidence supporting the concerns surrounding the potential detrimental link between social media screen time and body image dissatisfaction.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the "direct detection" of gravitational waves.

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2025.01.002

Jamee Elder

引用次数: 0

Comparing Summed Probability Distributions of Shoreline and Radiocarbon Dates from the Mesolithic Skagerrak Coast of Norway

IF 2.3 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09696-7

Isak Roalkvam, Steinar Solheim

{"title":"Comparing Summed Probability Distributions of Shoreline and Radiocarbon Dates from the Mesolithic Skagerrak Coast of Norway","authors":"Isak Roalkvam, Steinar Solheim","doi":"10.1007/s10816-025-09696-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-025-09696-7","url":null,"abstract":"By developing a new methodology for handling and assessing a large number of shoreline dated sites, this paper compares the summed probability distribution of radiocarbon dates and shoreline dates along the Skagerrak coast of south-eastern Norway. Both measures have previously been compared to elucidate demographic developments in Fennoscandia, but these have not been based on probabilistic methods for shoreline dating. The findings indicate a largely diverging development of the two data sets through the Mesolithic. The number of shoreline dated sites undergoes some process of overall decrease through the period, while the radiocarbon data is characterised by a lacking signal in the earliest parts of the period and then undergoes a logistic growth that quickly plateaus and remains stable for the remainder of the period. The precise nature of this discrepancy will necessitate further substantiation and the method of shoreline dating itself still requires further testing and assessment. Having noted this, we still tentatively suggest that while the number of shoreline dated sites is not devoid of influence from a demographic signal, this measure could be more heavily influenced by mobility patterns. Conversely, we also suggest that the lacking radiocarbon data from the earliest part of the Mesolithic is in part the result of mobility patterns, but that the radiocarbon data could be reflecting population dynamics more directly.","PeriodicalId":47725,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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