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Inferring Mental States from Brain Data: Ethico-legal Questions about Social Uses of Brain Data
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/hast.4958
Jennifer A. Chandler
{"title":"Inferring Mental States from Brain Data: Ethico-legal Questions about Social Uses of Brain Data","authors":"Jennifer A. Chandler","doi":"10.1002/hast.4958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.4958","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Neurotechnologies that collect and interpret data about brain activity are already in use for medical and nonmedical applications. Refinements of existing noninvasive techniques and the discovery of new ones will likely encourage broader uptake. The increased collection and use of brain data and, in particular, their use to infer the existence of mental states have led to questions about whether mental privacy may be threatened. It may be threatened if the brain data actually support inferences about the mind or if decisions are made about a person in the belief that the inferences are justified. This article considers the chain of inferences lying between data about neural activity and a particular mental state as well as the ethico-legal issues raised by making these inferences, focusing here on what the threshold of reliability should be for using brain data to infer mental states</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 1","pages":"22-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.4958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Of puppets and puppeteers: Preclassic clay figurines from San Isidro, El Salvador
IF 1.8 2区 历史学
Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2025.37
Jan Szymański, Gabriela Prejs
{"title":"Of puppets and puppeteers: Preclassic clay figurines from San Isidro, El Salvador","authors":"Jan Szymański, Gabriela Prejs","doi":"10.15184/aqy.2025.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2025.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><img href=\"S0003598X25000377_figAb.png\" mimesubtype=\"png\" mimetype=\"image\" orientation=\"\" position=\"\" src=\"https://static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS0003598X25000377/resource/name/S0003598X25000377_figAb.png?pub-status=live\" type=\"\"/></p>","PeriodicalId":8058,"journal":{"name":"Antiquity","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Issue Information and About the Cover Art
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/hast.4952
{"title":"Issue Information and About the Cover Art","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.4952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.4952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>On the cover:</b> <i>Dreams, Oracles, Icons</i>, <b>by Mary Husted, 1991, collage</b></p><p>Image: Courtesy The Women's Art Collection, Murray Edwards College, University of Cambridge</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.4952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Translingual approach in assessing academic writing for emerging multilingual writers in EMI higher education
IF 1.6 2区 文学
Linguistics and Education Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.linged.2025.101403
Daniel H. Chang , Qinghua Chen , Angel Mei Yi Lin
{"title":"Translingual approach in assessing academic writing for emerging multilingual writers in EMI higher education","authors":"Daniel H. Chang ,&nbsp;Qinghua Chen ,&nbsp;Angel Mei Yi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.linged.2025.101403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.linged.2025.101403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing from the first author's teaching experience in a first-year disciplinary writing course and observations, this article develops a theory to address the limitations of standardized language tests in assessing multilingual writers’ skills. These tests emphasize formulaic tasks that do not align with the complexities of university writing activities, such as reflection, or argumentation. The first author's observation of 25 first-year writers engaging with institutional writing support services reveal that academic writing is a complex process, rarely captured by standardized tests. We propose the Reflective Writing Space (RWS) model, a paradigm-shifting framework that reconceptualizes writing assessment through three interconnected dimensions: content &amp; context, skill development, and language use and proficiency. This model advocates for a more inclusive and interactive approach that actively engages students, tutors, and instructors in teaching writing. We conclude with practical recommendations for implementing the RWS framework to better support multilingual writers’ academic writing development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47468,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Education","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contributors
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/hast.4968
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.4968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.4968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Auditing the Compliance and Enforcement of Twitter’s Advertising Policy
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1177/20563051251319675
Yash Vekaria, Zubair Shafiq, Savvas Zannettou
{"title":"Auditing the Compliance and Enforcement of Twitter’s Advertising Policy","authors":"Yash Vekaria, Zubair Shafiq, Savvas Zannettou","doi":"10.1177/20563051251319675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251319675","url":null,"abstract":"Online platforms have enacted various policies to maintain a safe and trustworthy advertising environment. However, the extent to which these policies are adhered to and enforced remains a subject of interest and concern. In this work, we present a large-scale audit of adult advertising on Twitter (now X), specifically focusing on compliance with its adult (sexual) content advertising policy. Twitter is an interesting case study in that it—uniquely from other social media platforms—allows posting of adult content but prohibits adult content in advertising. We analyze approximately 35,000 ads on Twitter with respect to their compliance with the adult content ad policy through Perspective API and manual annotations. Among other things, we find that nearly 38% of ads violate Twitter’s adult content advertising policy—of which, the platform eventually removed only about 63% of these non-compliant adult ads. We also find inconsistencies in the moderation of such ads across languages, highlighting the need for more reliable and consistent moderation practices across different languages. Overall, our findings highlight blindspots in Twitter’s adult ad policy enforcement for certain languages and countries. Our work underscores the importance of external audits to monitor compliance and improve transparency in online advertising.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engaging with language play: practices of Korean English teachers in elementary classrooms
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/applin/amaf004
Sol Kim, So-Yeon Ahn
{"title":"Engaging with language play: practices of Korean English teachers in elementary classrooms","authors":"Sol Kim, So-Yeon Ahn","doi":"10.1093/applin/amaf004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amaf004","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the use of language play by Korean teachers of English as a foreign language in elementary classrooms. While previous research has extensively explored language play by learners, this paper shifts focus to teachers’ engagement with language play, including their own usage and responses to students’ language play. Utilizing the “Engagement with Language” (EWL) framework, the study meticulously analyzes classroom discourse across seven elementary schools in South Korea. We examined 83 forty-minute lessons and conducted semi-structured interviews with seven Korean English teachers to categorize their use of language play into four distinct types: initiation, acceptance, non-responsiveness, and refusal. Findings indicate that teachers’ approaches to language play impact students’ language learning and engagement within the EWL framework. The study highlights important pedagogical implications, suggesting that teachers’ conscious use of language play can enhance language acquisition and classroom interaction. Furthermore, these insights offer a new perspective for teacher training programs, emphasizing the strategic integration of language play into pedagogical practices to foster more dynamic and effective language learning environments.","PeriodicalId":48234,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring Neolithic resilience and mobility in the Omani interior at Al-Khashbah KHS-A
IF 1.8 2区 历史学
Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2024.237
Maria Pia Maiorano, Lucas Proctor, Tara Beuzen-Waller, Elena Maini, Jakez Moreau, Stephanie Döpper
{"title":"Exploring Neolithic resilience and mobility in the Omani interior at Al-Khashbah KHS-A","authors":"Maria Pia Maiorano, Lucas Proctor, Tara Beuzen-Waller, Elena Maini, Jakez Moreau, Stephanie Döpper","doi":"10.15184/aqy.2024.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2024.237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><img href=\"S0003598X24002370_figAb.png\" mimesubtype=\"png\" mimetype=\"image\" orientation=\"\" position=\"\" src=\"https://static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS0003598X24002370/resource/name/S0003598X24002370_figAb.png?pub-status=live\" type=\"\"/></p>","PeriodicalId":8058,"journal":{"name":"Antiquity","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radical Vic: Politics and Performance on the Popular London Stage, ca. 1820–50
IF 1 1区 历史学
Journal of British Studies Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1017/jbr.2024.182
Stephen Ridgwell
{"title":"Radical Vic: Politics and Performance on the Popular London Stage, ca. 1820–50","authors":"Stephen Ridgwell","doi":"10.1017/jbr.2024.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2024.182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In nineteenth-century London, theater-going was a genuinely mass activity. Within a rapidly expanding entertainment industry, working-class playgoers abounded. Opened to the public in 1818, the Coburg Theatre, later renamed the Victoria and known as the Vic, developed an especially strong association with popular drama. Although much has been written on the kind of work that places like the Vic presented, much less has been said about their operation as plebeian public spheres, or what I term here “radical half-spaces.” Active in the campaign for political reform in the early 1830s, and the site of numerous socially critical melodramas, under the joint managerial team of David Osbaldiston and Eliza Vincent, the Coburg/Victoria would later align itself to Chartism. All the while, the theater continued to function as a profitable commercial enterprise. By showing how audiences at the Vic sought (and found) knowledge and cultural capital, as much as entertainment and spectacle, the article suggests that when considering the period's alternative radical spaces, account should be made of such avowedly populist establishments as London's minor theaters, and the complex assemblages of time, place, and people they represented.</p>","PeriodicalId":46738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of British Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current Trends in Online Sign Language Dictionaries
IF 0.5 2区 文学
International Journal of Lexicography Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/ijl/ecaf003
Rachele Sprugnoli
{"title":"Current Trends in Online Sign Language Dictionaries","authors":"Rachele Sprugnoli","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf003","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the current state of many online sign language dictionaries by providing an overview of their primary characteristics and presenting a framework for their description, comparison, and analysis. The main aims are to discuss the diverse characteristics of 54 general dictionaries and to apply a comprehensive analytical framework to 31 of them, highlighting features such as search functionalities, content presentation, and the availability of supplementary materials. In the conclusions, two innovative aspects pertinent to the future of these dictionaries are introduced, i.e., the implementation of avatars and the development of interoperable, open knowledge bases in accordance with the principles of the Linked Open Data paradigm.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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