IF 2.3 3区哲学

Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70005

Michael L. Gross

{"title":"Maintaining Health Care in Occupied Ukraine: Criminal Collaboration or Conscientious Professionalism?","authors":"Michael L. Gross","doi":"10.1002/hast.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Following Russia's occupation of Eastern Ukraine, local health care professionals, particularly hospital administrators and public health officials, have faced criminal charges of medical collaboration for taking senior managerial positions in the occupation regime and allocating resources to the Russian army. Although Ukraine is entitled to prosecute collaborators who threaten its national security, the grounds for criminalizing medical administration during military occupation are much weaker and essentially indefensible. During occupation, international humanitarian law requires Russia to maintain adequate health care services with the assistance of local officials, protects these officials from prosecution, and ensures their independence as they weigh their professional duties to maintain essential health care for the civilian population. An analysis of representative legal cases charging health care professionals with treason and collaboration demonstrates the shortfalls of Ukrainian policy that (a) does not clearly differentiate between charges of collaboration, aiding and abetting the enemy, and treason, (b) rejects public health officials’ duty to cooperate with an occupation regime, and (c) ignores health care administrators’ right to condition their decision to cooperate on its attendant costs and benefits. Recognizing a policy of</i> humanitarian cooperation <i>rectifies these deficiencies by highlighting the independence of health care officials, their protection from prosecution by Ukrainian and Russian authorities, and each party's duty to maintain adequate medical care for the local population during military occupation</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 4","pages":"24-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

God 2.0? 上帝2.0吗?

IF 2.3 3区哲学

Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70001

M. Therese Lysaught

引用次数: 0

Exploring second language writers’ engagement with ChatGPT feedback: Revision behaviors and perceptions 探索第二语言作者对ChatGPT反馈的参与：修改行为和感知

IF 5.6 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103837

Behice Ceyda Cengiz , Zeynep Bilki , Amine Hatun Ataş , Berkan Celik

{"title":"Exploring second language writers’ engagement with ChatGPT feedback: Revision behaviors and perceptions","authors":"Behice Ceyda Cengiz , Zeynep Bilki , Amine Hatun Ataş , Berkan Celik","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While recent research underlines ChatGPT's potential as a second language (L2) writing feedback tool, its effectiveness and role in engaging L2 writers require further investigation. This study explores how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writers engage with ChatGPT feedback by analyzing their revision behaviors and perceptions of its effectiveness in revising their opinion essays. Using a convergent parallel mixed methods design, the study involved 25 B1-level EFL students from a university in Türkiye. Data were collected through essay drafts, change tracker sheets, a questionnaire, and interviews. The descriptive and thematic analysis of essays, change tracker sheets, and interviews revealed that most content and language feedback was accepted, while organization feedback received mixed engagement of acceptance and rejection. Students were more likely to accept language use feedback than content or organization feedback, often incorporating ChatGPT's revisions directly. For content feedback, the most common revision operations were additions and substitutions while more than a third of the revisions in response to organization feedback involved no corrections. Correction was the most frequent revision operation for language use feedback. Questionnaire and interview analyses further revealed that while ChatGPT feedback was generally well-received and considered beneficial for writing improvement, students faced challenges related to feedback length, specificity, advanced language, and misunderstandings. This study provides valuable insights into how EFL students interact with ChatGPT-generated feedback, highlighting both its potential to support L2 writing development and the challenges that may limit its effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103837"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Values That Influence Psychiatric Diagnosis and Accountability 影响精神病诊断和责任的价值观

IF 2.3 3区哲学

Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70002

Philip J. Candilis

引用次数: 0

Letter to the Editors 给编辑们的信。

IF 2.3 3区哲学

Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70009

Giles Scofield

引用次数: 0

Spiritual Care Ethics 精神关怀伦理。

IF 2.3 3区哲学

Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70010

Bob Price, Cynthia Geppert

引用次数: 0

The Ethical Basis of Severity as a Priority Setting Criterion in Healthcare-Egalitarian or Prioritarian? 作为医疗保健优先设置标准的严重度的伦理基础——平等主义还是优先主义？

IF 1.5 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10472-1

Niklas Juth, Erik Gustavsson, Lars Sandman

{"title":"The Ethical Basis of Severity as a Priority Setting Criterion in Healthcare-Egalitarian or Prioritarian?","authors":"Niklas Juth, Erik Gustavsson, Lars Sandman","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10472-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10472-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses the most plausible moral basis for using severity as a priority setting criterion in healthcare: prioritarianism or egalitarianism. We argue that prioritarianism is superior, since egalitarianism has several problems that prioritarianism avoids. We have elaborated three such problems. First, egalitarianism arguably needs a non-equality-based reference level in order to determine the magnitude of severity. Second, it has the problem of irrelevant alternatives: the assessment of the severity of one person's illness varies depending on the condition of other persons, even when their health status has not changed. Third, egalitarianism introduces excessive complexity, as it must explain what aspects of inequality matter, and why, in relation to illness severity. By contrast, prioritarianism has some benefits that egalitarianism lacks: it aligns theoretically with the concept of severity as a priority setting criterion in healthcare, and it explains why we always have a pro tanto reason to improve someone's health without having to rely on other theories. In the end, if equality of health matters, it is arguably not because of its connection to severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards a Less Ideal Theory About Well-being-The Case of Post COVID Condition. 走向一个不太理想的幸福理论——以新冠肺炎疫情后的情况为例

IF 1.5 3区哲学

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-025-10474-z

Erik Gustavsson, Ericka Johnson, Richard Levi

{"title":"Towards a Less Ideal Theory About Well-being-The Case of Post COVID Condition.","authors":"Erik Gustavsson, Ericka Johnson, Richard Levi","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10474-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10474-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a complex condition presenting significant challenges for patients. Individuals suffering from severe PCC are often assessed in rehabilitation medicine departments or specialized post-COVID centres, where their condition is evaluated using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The ICF framework primarily focuses on functional impairments, disabilities, and restrictions in participation, with an emphasis on the concept of \"functioning.\" However, a critical question remains: how does this notion of functioning relate to the well-being of these individuals? This paper explores this issue by examining three fictionalized but typical case studies of PCC patients in relation to two distinct theoretical approaches. First, we engage with theories about well-being from the philosophy of well-being emphasizing the individual's perspective. Second, we explore relational approaches in bioethics and their theoretical underpinnings, which emphasize how people are situated, considering context and relations rather than purely individual conditions. The paper highlights the potential tensions between these approaches while arguing that a more comprehensive understanding of well-being can emerge by integrating insights from both traditions. Through the examination of PCC patient cases, we propose that well-being can be better understood when approached from multiple angles, enriching the understanding of patient outcomes in rehabilitation medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Issue Information and About the Cover Art 发行信息和关于封面艺术

IF 2.3 3区哲学

Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70007

引用次数: 0

Will an Enhanced Child Have Less Freedom? A U.S. Nationally Representative Survey Experiment 智力增强的孩子会有更少的自由吗？美国全国代表性调查实验。

IF 2.3 3区哲学

Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70003

John H. Evans

引用次数: 0

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