人文科学最新文献

{"title":"“There are no natural disasters”: Latent climate change tensions in non-sustainability organizations","authors":"Rebecca M. Rice, Megan E. Cullinan","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2025.2539280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2025.2539280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"731 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigating the periphery: Hydrology, coloniality and counter-irrigation in the Philippines","authors":"Rhomir S. Yanquiling ,&nbsp;Wolfram Dressler ,&nbsp;Will Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jhg.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhg.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite extensive research on the role of water infrastructure in consolidating power and political control in frontier regions, few studies have examined how colonial ideologies and water infrastructures have historically defined territories to control populations, labour, and land use over time. This article explores how Spain used the <em>prenza</em> system–a colonial water infrastructure–to establish, maintain and consolidate territorial control in the Philippines. Through the lens of hydrosocial territorialization, we show how the control of water became intertwined with the control of land and labour, extending territorial governance outward from Manila. We argue that the prenza system was more than just slabs of stone and concrete; it functioned as an instrument of power that facilitated political, economic, and ideological territorialization, contributing to a broader state-making project by creating zones of integration. However, we highlight the limitations of this hydro-colonial project by examining how the Ifugao people of the upland Cordillera resisted state territorialization through their rice terracing system, challenging the instruments of state-making imposed in the lowlands of Luzon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Geography","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 226-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language learning aptitude as a predictor of late-life L2 learning at beginner level","authors":"Karen Roehr-Brackin, Renato Pavlekovic","doi":"10.1177/13621688251352260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688251352260","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work in the field of second language (L2) learning and teaching has aimed for improved representativeness by including older adult participants. Findings to date suggest not only that it is perfectly possible to learn a new L2 late in life, but also that, compared with younger samples, third-age learners’ success may be less dependent on the nature of the instructional approach they are exposed to. Whereas the predictive power of language learning aptitude in young adults’ instructed L2 learning has been amply demonstrated, we know very little about language aptitude as a predictor of late-life learners’ L2 achievement. The present study addressed these issues by comparing the effectiveness of an explicit and an incidental instructional condition at the earliest stage of L2 learning. Volunteers ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 80) aged 60–83 completed the LLAMA aptitude battery and a serial reaction time task and participated in a suite of online language lessons targeting adjective-noun gender agreement in beginner-level Croatian. Our results show that the LLAMA tests significantly predicted L2 attainment. Aptitude components played a greater role in the incidental than in the explicit condition, indicating that the latter was cognitively less demanding. Nevertheless, participants were equally successful in the two conditions. The incidental group responded faster to posttest items throughout, and participants performed better on written than auditory items regardless of instructional condition. Taken together, these findings suggest that input modality may be more relevant for older adults than instructional approach. Participants’ occupational status (working vs. retired) and self-concepts, including their confidence in themselves and their knowledge, emerged as important factors, highlighting the link between (meta)cognitive and socioaffective variables in late-life learners.","PeriodicalId":47852,"journal":{"name":"Language Teaching Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missing voices: why youth perspectives are essential for <i>Ubuntu</i> bioethics in the context of HIV testing.","authors":"Archibong Edem Bassey, Chinaza Duke Nwosu, Abiola Oladejo","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-111130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2025-111130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article responds to Mwinsa and colleagues' work where they explore differences between <i>Ubuntu</i>-based bioethics and international bioethical principles through the lens of Zambia's HIV testing policy. While Mwinsa and colleagues offer valuable insights into <i>Ubuntu</i> bioethics as a considerable alternative to Western informed consent requirements for HIV testing, we argue that their suggestion on 'moderate communitarianism' and <i>Ubuntu</i> application could be profoundly enriched by meaningfully including youth perspectives in the bioethical deliberations. In sub-Saharan Africa, young people are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic and are more often the recipients of HIV testing services. These services are available as a result of HIV policies, such as the one in Zambia. Yet, their voices remain largely absent from policy and bioethics discussions, which largely centre around adult perspectives. To fully realise <i>Ubuntu</i>'s foundational principle of 'I am, because we are', and the goal of collective good, we maintain that it is important to raise critical questions as to who constitutes the 'community' in ethical decision-making, to ensure that young people are not left behind. In their design, we argue that analysis of the <i>Ubuntu</i> framework would benefit from incorporating the perspectives of adolescents and young people-those most directly affected by HIV testing policies. Thus, our position canvasses for the realisation of <i>Ubuntu</i>'s vision of collective wisdom through comprehensive community participation, and to align with growing evidence supporting youth-centred and youth-friendly approaches to HIV decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervention to Promote Ethical Authorship Practices in Graduate Education.","authors":"Elise Demeter, Andrew McBride, Holly Holladay-Sandidge, Lisa M Rasmussen, George Banks, Katherine Hall-Hertel","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00548-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00548-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Authorship credit is essential for researchers' success in academia. For academics collaborating with others, differing perceptions of how to value different contributions, disciplinary differences in authorship conventions, and power differences among collaborators can make authorship decisions more difficult to navigate in ways that feel fair and transparent to all involved. Graduate students may feel particularly disadvantaged in authorship decisions due to their relative lack of publishing experience. Here we tested the effectiveness of an educational training intervention designed to promote ethical authorship practices by supporting graduate students' knowledge of authorship and authorship ethics and their ability to effectively navigate authorship conversations with collaborators. Students (n = 185) underwent an online training program and used an authorship agreement form to discuss authorship on a research project with their faculty mentor. We randomly assigned half of the students to undergo an additional small group workshop to test the level of institutional investments needed to see benefits for students. We found the online training and authorship agreement forms boosted students' perceptions of their authorship knowledge and confidence effectively navigating authorship conversations with collaborators. The additional workshop did not yield further benefits for students' outcomes, suggesting that institutions can help promote ethical authorship through low-cost, scalable educational resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 4","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12325519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Bias to Burden: How Weight Stigma Fuels Eating Disorders.","authors":"Wietsze E P Groenewoud, R Deneer","doi":"10.1111/bioe.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.70004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On multiple problems: the ethics of multiple problems in single general practitioner appointments.","authors":"Richard Armitage","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-110693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2024-110693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bringing multiple problems to a single general practitioner (GP) appointment raises various ethical issues, all of which emerge from the central tension between the total number of problems brought to the appointment and the finite amount of time allocated to undertake it. This paper finds that it would be unreasonable to only consider autonomy as being respected if all problems are addressed in a single appointment; the GP is required to address those problems that would maximally promote beneficence within the constraints of the single appointment; dealing with multiple problems in single appointments might violate non-maleficence by reducing the time dedicated to each problem and fostering error-producing conditions and is likely to reduce patient satisfaction, while any GP lateness generated by dealing with multiple problems in single appointments has negative impacts on subsequent patients; justice requires an equity, rather than a strict equality, approach to GP appointment allocation, and therefore requires the booking of additional appointments to safely and effectively deal with a patient's multiple problems when relevant factors, such as complexity, are present and addressing multiple problems in single GP appointments exacerbates the burnout-producing conditions faced by GPs, which both negatively impacts GPs and patient safety and contributes to GPs leaving the workforce, which reduces the availability of GP appointments and thus violates beneficence. This paper makes three suggestions for practice, recognises various challenges to these recommendations and suggests how they should be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Richard Rows (1866-1925) and \"functional mental illnesses\": The interface between psychiatry and neurology, 1912-1926.","authors":"Andrew J Larner","doi":"10.1177/0957154X251356421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X251356421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Richard Rows may be an unfamiliar name to historians of psychiatry today, other than for his role as superintendent of the Red Cross Military Hospital at Maghull, near Liverpool, during the First World War. Accordingly, this paper attempts a conspectus of Rows' career in order to contextualise the psychotherapeutic approach he developed, not only to \"shell-shock\" patients during the War but also to \"functional mental illnesses\" encountered in subsequent civilian practice. This examination shows that although Rows adopted some Freudian or quasi-Freudian psychological vocabulary and techniques, as did many of his contemporaries, he also had a long-standing commitment to a physiological conceptualisation of brain disorders. For Rows, this was not incompatible with, but complementary to, his psychodynamic approach in clinical encounters. His work extended beyond the limits of psychiatry to adopt perspectives originating with contemporary neurologists and experimental neurophysiologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"957154X251356421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posthuman Ethics for AI.","authors":"R Braidotti","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10447-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10447-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of AI on liberal democratic social and political systems has emerged as the crucial issue of our times. So is the need to regulate general AI systems. The alliance of newly elected president Trump with the owners and CEOs of the technological sector of the U.S. economy-Elon Musk first and foremost-adds extra urgency to the issue. Digital or platform capitalism has engendered what is known as \"surveillance\" societies. The centralized and unchecked business model it relies on poses serious existential threats to our collective futures. There is widespread consensus today, not only in academia but also in progressive social circles, that we need both traditional and algorithmic sources of resistance to monopolies and the centralization of technological powers. We also need more experimentation with alternative ways of developing and governing the AI dimension of our lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timber colonialism in the periphery: Timber frontiers and indigenous peoples land use in northern Scandinavia and southern Patagonia in the late 19th and early 20th century","authors":"Lars Östlund ,&nbsp;Macarena Fernández Génova ,&nbsp;Miguel Cáceres ,&nbsp;Elle Eriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.jhg.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhg.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the nineteenth century an intense exploitation of natural resources such as wood and timber in what was considered “marginal” or remote regions started, and was driven by an ever-increasing demand in industrialized regions. One common denominator for the timber exploitation that opened the global expansion of capitalism beyond the borders of Europe was the brutal intrusions into Indigenous territories. The overall aim of this study is to analyse two timber frontier movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: one in northern Sweden and one in southern Chile, intruding into previously un-logged old-growth forests on ancestral Indigenous territories. The large-scale commercial logging began around the mid-nineteenth century in both regions. It was driven by external demand and financed by national and/or international capital. New logging entrepreneurs moved into the territories and established sawmills, brought in workers to run the sawmills, cut trees in the forest and transported the timber to the sawmills. In northern Sweden the logging industry was the main economic activity, while in southern Patagonia the logging of timber was one of several forms of natural resource exploitations complemented by mining, rangeland sheep herding and trade through the region. In both regions, the logging frontier was often intertwined with agricultural expansion promoted by the state and global capitalism. In both studied regions the colonial legacy of the nineteenth century timber frontiers has left a heavy burden on the forest landscapes, on the rights of the Indigenous peoples whose lands were exploited and on the present legal situation. Challenges for the future are to re-establish recognition of Indigenous heritage and land tenure rights in both regions, according to international conventions, as well as restoring ecological qualities to the associated forest ecosystems for the sustainability of Indigenous practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Geography","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 213-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}