人文科学最新文献_第5页

Beyond the Great Divergence: Household Income in the Indian Subcontinent, 1500–1870

IF 0.8 2区历史学

International Review of Social History Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1017/s0020859025000100

Hélder Carvalhal, Jan Lucassen

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引用次数: 0

The Distinct Seasonality of Early Modern Casual Labor and the Short Durations of Individual Working Years: Sweden 1500–1800

IF 0.8 2区历史学

International Review of Social History Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1017/s002085902500001x

Kathryn E. Gary

{"title":"The Distinct Seasonality of Early Modern Casual Labor and the Short Durations of Individual Working Years: Sweden 1500–1800","authors":"Kathryn E. Gary","doi":"10.1017/s002085902500001x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002085902500001x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article makes use of nearly 25,000 observations representing over 95,000 paid workdays across over 300 years to investigate individual work patterns, work availability, and the changes in work seasonality over time. This sample is comprised of workers in the construction industry, and includes unskilled men and women as well as skilled building craftsmen – the industry that is often used to estimate comparative real wages through early modern Europe. Data come predominantly from Scania, the southernmost region in modern day Sweden, and especially from Malmö, the largest town in the region.</p><p>Findings indicate that workers probably do not engage in paid labour on a purely labour-supply-based schedule, but are strongly impacted by the demand for construction labour, which was highly seasonal and impacted by local labour institutions. Seasonality was stronger further back in the past, indicating that finding long-term work may have been more difficult in earlier periods. A typical work year could probably not have been longer than 150 days, and would be made up of shorter work spells at several different sites. This is not enough work to meet standard assumptions of 250 days, or enough work for an unskilled man to support his family at a respectable level. Individual workers rarely worked more than a handful of days in a year on a construction site, even when labour demand was high, indicating that they did not maximize their income from waged labour.</p>","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The death of collective tombs in Middle Bronze Age Crete: new evidence from Sissi

IF 1.8 2区历史学

Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2025.38

Sylviane Déderix, Aurore Schmitt, Ilaria Caloi

引用次数: 0

Grounded empiricism

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-025-00644-6

Ioannis Votsis

{"title":"Grounded empiricism","authors":"Ioannis Votsis","doi":"10.1007/s13194-025-00644-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-025-00644-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Empiricism has a long and venerable history. Aristotle, the Epicureans, Sextus Empiricus, Bacon, Locke, Hume, Mill, Mach and the Logical Empiricists, among others, represent a long line of historically influential empiricists who, one way or another, placed an emphasis on knowledge gained through the senses. In recent times the most highly articulated and influential edition of empiricism is undoubtedly Bas van Fraassen’s constructive empiricism. Science, according to this view, aims at empirically adequate theories, i.e. theories that save all and only the observable phenomena. Roughly put, something is observable in van Fraassen’s view if members of the human epistemic community can detect it with their unaided senses. Critics have contested this notion, citing, among other reasons, that much of what counts as knowledge for scientists, especially in the natural sciences, concerns things that are detectable only with instruments, i.e. things that are unobservable and hence unknowable by van Fraassen’s lights. The current paper seeks to overcome this objection by putting forth and defending a liberalised conception of observability and an associated, and accordingly liberalised, conception of empiricism. ‘Grounded observability’ and ‘grounded empiricism’, as we call them, unchain themselves from the burdens of traditional conceptions of experience, while at the same time tethering themselves to the source of epistemic credibility in the senses, and, hence to the true spirit of empiricism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

History of science in Aotearoa New Zealand. 新西兰奥特亚罗瓦科学史。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001547

Ruth Barton

引用次数: 0

Setting priorities for publicly funded research: the CSIRO priorities method

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1071/hr25003

Garrett Upstill, Thomas H. Spurling

引用次数: 0

Evaluating an AI speaking assessment tool: Score accuracy, perceived validity, and oral peer feedback as feedback enhancement 评估人工智能口语评估工具：评分准确性、感知有效性和作为反馈强化的口头同伴反馈

IF 3.1 1区文学

Journal of English for Academic Purposes Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeap.2025.101505

Xu Jared Liu , Jingwen Wang , Bin Zou

{"title":"Evaluating an AI speaking assessment tool: Score accuracy, perceived validity, and oral peer feedback as feedback enhancement","authors":"Xu Jared Liu , Jingwen Wang , Bin Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jeap.2025.101505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeap.2025.101505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed language learning approaches and outcomes. However, research on AI-assisted English for Academic Purposes (EAP) speaking classrooms remains sparse. This study evaluates \"EAP Talk\", an AI-assisted speaking assessment tool, examining its effectiveness in two contexts: controlled tasks (Reading Aloud) that elicit non-spontaneous speech, and uncontrolled tasks (Presentation) that generate spontaneous speech. The research assessed accuracy and validity of EAP Talk scores through analysing 20 Reading Aloud and 20 Presentation recordings randomly selected from a pool of 64 undergraduate students. These recordings were graded by five experienced EAP teachers using Adaptive Comparative Judgment (ACJ) – a comparative scoring method – and the traditional rubric rating approach. Acknowledging the limitation of EAP Talk in providing scores without detailed feedback, the study further investigated its perceived validity and examined oral peer feedback as a complementary enhancement strategy. Semi-structured interviews with four students were conducted to investigate their perceptions of the AI-assisted assessment process, focusing on the benefits of EAP Talk in enhancing learning, its limitations, and the effectiveness of oral peer feedback. Scoring concordance analysis shows that EAP Talk performs well in the controlled task but less so in the uncontrolled one. Content analysis on the interview data reveals that EAP Talk facilitates student confidence and positively shapes learning styles, while oral peer feedback markedly improves speaking skills through effective human-computer collaboration. The study calls for more precise AI assessments in uncontrolled tasks and proposes pedagogical strategies to better integrate AI into EAP speaking contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English for Academic Purposes","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling the associations between L2 grit, foreign language enjoyment, and student engagement among Chinese EFL English-major learners: A control-value theory perspective

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103679

Minlin Zou , Mostafa Azari Noughabi , Caixia Peng

{"title":"Modeling the associations between L2 grit, foreign language enjoyment, and student engagement among Chinese EFL English-major learners: A control-value theory perspective","authors":"Minlin Zou , Mostafa Azari Noughabi , Caixia Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Learning a new language is an intricate and long-term endeavor, fraught with numerous possible obstacles, which needs learners' engagement. Concurrent with the positive psychology of language learners, it is crucial to delve into the role of learners' positive personality features and emotions (e.g., grit, positive emotions) in their engagement. However, there is a scarcity of research on the mediating role of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) in the relationship between English-major students' L2 grit and their engagement in second language (L2) learning processes. By utilizing the control-value theory and structural equation modeling approach, this study seeks to explore the impact of L2 grit components (i.e., the consistency of interest and perseverance of effort) and FLE on the engagement of Chinese undergraduates (<em>N</em> = 217) majoring in English in an EFL context. The results indicated that <strong>1)</strong> perseverance of effort and the FLE had a significantly positive and direct influence on student engagement; <strong>2)</strong> perseverance of effort had a notably positive and direct effect on FLE, while consistency of interest did not affect learners' FLE; <strong>3)</strong> consistency of interest had a slightly positive and direct effect on student engagement; and <strong>4)</strong> perseverance of effort had a positive and indirect influence on student engagement, partially mediated by FLE, whereas FLE did not mediate the link between consistency of interest and student engagement. These results offer educational insights for improving students’ engagement in the language learning process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103679"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retraction Note: Examining the Significance of Intercultural Communicative Competence Development in Trainees during Pre-service Training. 撤稿说明：探讨在岗前培训中培养学员跨文化交际能力的意义。

IF 1.6 2区文学

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-025-10139-3

Shan He, Zhixin Wang, Tianyu Wang, Dong Ge, Sanikun Khampheera

引用次数: 0

Animal relations: an introduction to histories of humans and histories of nature.

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2487020

Dániel Margócsy

引用次数: 0