人文科学最新文献

{"title":"Richard Rows (1866-1925) and \"functional mental illnesses\": The interface between psychiatry and neurology, 1912-1926.","authors":"Andrew J Larner","doi":"10.1177/0957154X251356421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X251356421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Richard Rows may be an unfamiliar name to historians of psychiatry today, other than for his role as superintendent of the Red Cross Military Hospital at Maghull, near Liverpool, during the First World War. Accordingly, this paper attempts a conspectus of Rows' career in order to contextualise the psychotherapeutic approach he developed, not only to \"shell-shock\" patients during the War but also to \"functional mental illnesses\" encountered in subsequent civilian practice. This examination shows that although Rows adopted some Freudian or quasi-Freudian psychological vocabulary and techniques, as did many of his contemporaries, he also had a long-standing commitment to a physiological conceptualisation of brain disorders. For Rows, this was not incompatible with, but complementary to, his psychodynamic approach in clinical encounters. His work extended beyond the limits of psychiatry to adopt perspectives originating with contemporary neurologists and experimental neurophysiologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"957154X251356421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posthuman Ethics for AI.","authors":"R Braidotti","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10447-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10447-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of AI on liberal democratic social and political systems has emerged as the crucial issue of our times. So is the need to regulate general AI systems. The alliance of newly elected president Trump with the owners and CEOs of the technological sector of the U.S. economy-Elon Musk first and foremost-adds extra urgency to the issue. Digital or platform capitalism has engendered what is known as \"surveillance\" societies. The centralized and unchecked business model it relies on poses serious existential threats to our collective futures. There is widespread consensus today, not only in academia but also in progressive social circles, that we need both traditional and algorithmic sources of resistance to monopolies and the centralization of technological powers. We also need more experimentation with alternative ways of developing and governing the AI dimension of our lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timber colonialism in the periphery: Timber frontiers and indigenous peoples land use in northern Scandinavia and southern Patagonia in the late 19th and early 20th century","authors":"Lars Östlund ,&nbsp;Macarena Fernández Génova ,&nbsp;Miguel Cáceres ,&nbsp;Elle Eriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.jhg.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhg.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the nineteenth century an intense exploitation of natural resources such as wood and timber in what was considered “marginal” or remote regions started, and was driven by an ever-increasing demand in industrialized regions. One common denominator for the timber exploitation that opened the global expansion of capitalism beyond the borders of Europe was the brutal intrusions into Indigenous territories. The overall aim of this study is to analyse two timber frontier movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: one in northern Sweden and one in southern Chile, intruding into previously un-logged old-growth forests on ancestral Indigenous territories. The large-scale commercial logging began around the mid-nineteenth century in both regions. It was driven by external demand and financed by national and/or international capital. New logging entrepreneurs moved into the territories and established sawmills, brought in workers to run the sawmills, cut trees in the forest and transported the timber to the sawmills. In northern Sweden the logging industry was the main economic activity, while in southern Patagonia the logging of timber was one of several forms of natural resource exploitations complemented by mining, rangeland sheep herding and trade through the region. In both regions, the logging frontier was often intertwined with agricultural expansion promoted by the state and global capitalism. In both studied regions the colonial legacy of the nineteenth century timber frontiers has left a heavy burden on the forest landscapes, on the rights of the Indigenous peoples whose lands were exploited and on the present legal situation. Challenges for the future are to re-establish recognition of Indigenous heritage and land tenure rights in both regions, according to international conventions, as well as restoring ecological qualities to the associated forest ecosystems for the sustainability of Indigenous practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Geography","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 213-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A book review of Philosophy as Descartes Found It: Practice and Theory by Brian Copenhaver. Oxford University Press, 2024, 384 Pages | c. 70 illustrations ISBN: 9780198920052, £ 35.00, hardback","authors":"Matteo Colombo","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 101015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Please, Just Don't Leave Me Alone.\" A Cry for More Humanity in our Care.","authors":"Samuel R Falkson","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10450-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10450-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a world where physicians are experiencing unprecedented burn-out, our communities are progressively losing trust in the medical system, and healthcare costs continually increase to astronomical levels without improving outcomes, it seems clear that we need to make changes in how we care for our patients. Current healthcare conditions can evoke nostalgia for an idealized past, where physicians were valued members of their communities, making house calls, doing all they could to comprehensively support their neighbours in health and life. As a young physician who envisioned such a career where I could apply my years of hard work and studying towards helping those around me in their moments of greatest need, I often feel that the system we have built thwarts this ideal at every turn. Here I share a story from my intern year of training that marked me, demonstrating just how disconnected we are becoming from our patients. My story involves a clinical situation with which I believe many can relate, highlighting the dire need for us clinicians to care with more humanity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conscientious Refuser Accommodation Continues to Undermine Patient Care.","authors":"Udo Schuklenk","doi":"10.1111/bioe.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.70023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Orthography Effect in Loanword Adaptation: Variable Adaptation of English VNV Sequences into Mandarin Chinese.","authors":"Wei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10936-025-10168-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10936-025-10168-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is variation in the adaptation of loanwords, because the adaptation may be based on the similarity in pronunciation or spelling. For example, the English word Manitoba (containing a VNV sequence) is borrowed into Mandarin Chinese (MC) as man.ni.tuo.ba (a perception-based adaptation) or ma.ni.tuo.ba (an orthography-based adaptation). Previous studies indicate that the orthography seems to play a greater role in influencing loanword adaptation patterns in some cases than others. But few studies attempt to explain the factors that influence the degree of orthography effect in the lexical borrowing process. To fill in the gap, the present study aims to explore three extra-linguistic factors that may determine the degrees of orthography effect. The three factors are borrowers' L2 proficiency, times of exposure to L2 letter-sound pairs, and the spelling similarity between the source word and the loan word (source-loan spelling similarity). In order to examine the effect of these factors, an online adaptation experiment was conducted. The experiment involves borrowing the English non-words containing VNV sequences into MC. The results demonstrate that the degree of orthographic influence is closely associated with these factors. The findings can be well addressed within the Dual Route Cascaded (DRC) model of reading. In the lexical borrowing, the L1 grapheme-to-phoneme correspondence rules (GPCs) will be more frequently activated when reading L2 words if (i) borrowers are less proficient L2 learners or monolingual speakers of L1, (ii) borrowers are less frequently exposed to certain L2 letter-sound pairs, and (iii) the spellings of words from source language (SL) are highly similar to those in the borrowing language (BL), thereby leading to more orthography-based adaptations. The study concludes by proposing that the loanword adaptation result may be systematically influenced by the orthography, and deviate from the prediction of perceptual and phonological similarity. Orthography influences in loanword adaptation would be maximal if borrowers are uncertain or unknown about the phonemic identity of the input source word.</p>","PeriodicalId":47689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psycholinguistic Research","volume":"54 4","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Excitation Transfer Theory to Dynamic Deactivation Model: Mapping Changes in Psychophysiological Responses Following Emotional Advertising","authors":"Tianjiao (Grace) Wang, Rachel L. Bailey","doi":"10.1080/00913367.2025.2534376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2025.2534376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advertising","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How L2 grit fuels optimism and cognitive engagement to promote willingness to communicate in English among junior high students","authors":"Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Zhanyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although many learners possess sufficient linguistic knowledge, they often remain reluctant to communicate in English, underscoring the need to explore the underlying psychological mechanisms associated with communicative readiness. This study examines the mediation of optimism and cognitive engagement in the relationship between L2 grit and willingness to communicate (WTC) in English among junior high school students. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory and positive psychology, the research investigates whether domain-specific grit is linked to communicative willingness through optimism and cognitive engagement. A convenience sample of 533 Grade 8 Chinese students completed a questionnaire measuring L2 grit, optimism, cognitive engagement, and WTC. PLS-SEM analysis revealed significant indirect effects of L2 grit on WTC through optimism (β = 0.085, p = 0.002) and cognitive engagement (β = 0.094, p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, a sequential mediation pathway was supported (β = 0.075, p &lt; 0.001), suggesting that higher levels of L2 grit are associated with greater optimism, which in turn is related to higher cognitive engagement and, ultimately, to increased WTC. The findings offer theoretical insights and practical implications for designing interventions that nurture psychological resources to potentially enhance language learners’ communicative competence in EFL contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103798"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is this Judaism? The Question of the Consistency of Israeli Policy and Actions in Gaza with Jewish Thought and Ethics : Part 1: Formulating the problem and methodological and hermeneutic considerations.","authors":"Paul A Komesaroff, Jeremiah Z Kenner","doi":"10.1007/s11673-025-10489-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10489-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been much discussion about the tactics used by the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) and government in the conflict in Gaza following October 7, 2023, which have caused, among other things, systematic destruction of hospitals and schools, the deaths of large numbers of civilians, including women and children, mass starvation, and denial of humanitarian aid. The Israeli government and IDF have sought to justify their actions using ethical arguments, many of which relate to their proclaimed role as the representatives of the Jewish state and of Jewish culture and history. Arguing from the extensive corpus of Jewish ethical thought, extending back thousands of years, this article poses a simple question: Are the above actions by the Israeli government and IDF in Gaza consistent with the ethical tradition of Judaism and the obligations that flow from it? To answer this question, key texts are analysed, especially the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud, and multiple arguments are examined, taking into account the complexities of context and diverse interpretive theories. The paper is presented in two parts, the first discussing the question and methodological issues and the second providing the data and conclusions. We conclude that the alleged acts of the Israeli government and IDF in Gaza are clearly and directly contrary to the Judaic tradition of ethics as it has developed over the millennia. The conduct of the war cannot truthfully be presented in any meaningful sense as representing, or indeed, consistent with, Jewish culture or ethics. These findings have potentially far-reaching consequences, including for the claimed status of Israel as a Jewish state, the relationship between criticism of the government of Israel and the scourge of antisemitism, and the identity of Jewish people both within and outside Israel.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}