人文科学最新文献_第6页

IF 17 1区哲学

American Journal of Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2023.2276166

Gavin Enck, Beth Condley

引用次数: 0

Defining "recklessness" in research misconduct proceedings. 定义研究不端行为程序中的“鲁莽”。

IF 2.8 1区哲学

Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2256650

Minal M Caron, Sarah B Dohan, Mark Barnes, Barbara E Bierer

{"title":"Defining \"recklessness\" in research misconduct proceedings.","authors":"Minal M Caron, Sarah B Dohan, Mark Barnes, Barbara E Bierer","doi":"10.1080/08989621.2023.2256650","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08989621.2023.2256650","url":null,"abstract":"To find research misconduct in research that has been supported by federal funds, an institution must determine that the misconduct was committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly. \"Intentional\" and \"knowing\" are straightforward standards. Yet \"reckless\" often mystifies institutions, which struggle to assess whether a respondent's conduct should be deemed \"reckless,\" or merely negligent. This difficulty is most pronounced when allegations are lodged against the author under whose supervision the primary research was conducted - most often, the senior and/or corresponding author of a published paper who may not have been directly involved in performing the experiments or preparing the data under scrutiny. In these situations, investigation committees and the institutional \"deciding official\" must assess whether the supervising scientist is guilty of research misconduct - based on the theory that their supervision of the research and development of the publication containing falsified, fabricated, or plagiarized information was reckless - even if that person did not perform the experiment or assemble the research records in question. This paper seeks to provide a framework for evaluating the circumstances in which past supervisory conduct should be deemed \"reckless\" and thus a basis on which a finding of research misconduct may be made.","PeriodicalId":50927,"journal":{"name":"Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance","volume":" ","pages":"120-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10309018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

That men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains: Reconsidering the origins of model psychosis. 人类应该把敌人放进嘴里，偷走他们的大脑：重新思考模式精神病的起源。

IF 0.8 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1177/09526951241286744

Matthew Perkins-McVey

{"title":"That men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains: Reconsidering the origins of model psychosis.","authors":"Matthew Perkins-McVey","doi":"10.1177/09526951241286744","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09526951241286744","url":null,"abstract":"The promises of the Prozac century have fallen short; the number of novel, therapeutically significant medications successfully completing development shrinks every year; and the demand for better treatments constantly grows. Answering these hardships is a renewed optimism concerning the efficacy of controlled psychedelic therapy, a renaissance that has seen the resurgence of a familiar concept: intoxication as model psychosis. And yet, little has been made of where this peculiar idea originates. Why did we come to liken psychosis to intoxication, and why is this an idea we find so hard to shake? Questioning the conventional narrative that identifies the concept as emerging in the mid 19th century, this article seeks to uncover the conceptual foundations underlying what is now intended by 'model psychosis'. This investigation begins with an assessment of both Moreau de Tours's concept of hashish madness in 1845 and Emil Kraepelin's study of artificial insanity in the 1880s-90s. In seeking to contextualize these ideas, this article further considers the deeper historical association between intoxication and psychosis, instead proposing that intoxication represents an originary conception of madness. Bringing this examination into the 19th century, it becomes apparent that perceptions of intoxicants, and intoxication, were immanently participatory in the emerging understanding of psychosis. The contemporary understanding of model psychosis comes into focus when these elements coalesce with the advent of psychological modelling. Ultimately, the goal is not merely to understand how and why model psychosis became thinkable, but to examine how overlooked concepts have engendered new ways of being neuro-psychiatric subjects.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"129-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thank you reviewers.

IF 3.5 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/09636625251314600

引用次数: 0

How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different audience segments. 生成式人工智能如何描绘科学：从不同受众群体的角度采访 ChatGPT。

IF 3.5 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241268910

Sophia Charlotte Volk, Mike S Schäfer, Damiano Lombardi, Daniela Mahl, Xiaoyue Yan

{"title":"How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different audience segments.","authors":"Sophia Charlotte Volk, Mike S Schäfer, Damiano Lombardi, Daniela Mahl, Xiaoyue Yan","doi":"10.1177/09636625241268910","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241268910","url":null,"abstract":"Generative artificial intelligence in general and ChatGPT in particular have risen in importance. ChatGPT is widely known and used increasingly as an information source for different topics, including science. It is therefore relevant to examine how ChatGPT portrays science and science-related issues. Research on this question is lacking, however. Hence, we simulate \"interviews\" with ChatGPT and reconstruct how it presents science, science communication, scientific misbehavior, and controversial scientific issues. Combining qualitative and quantitative content analysis, we find that, generally, ChatGPT portrays science largely as the STEM disciplines, in a positivist-empiricist way and a positive light. When comparing ChatGPT's responses to different simulated user profiles and responses from the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 versions, we find similarities in that the scientific consensus on questions such as climate change, COVID-19 vaccinations, or astrology is consistently conveyed across them. Beyond these similarities in substance, however, pronounced differences are found in the personalization of responses to different user profiles and between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"132-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Super “Soul” Parties: Building Civic Inclusion Through Fandom

IF 2.7 1区文学

Communication & Sport Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/21674795251315343

Whitney Gent, Emily Sauter

引用次数: 0

Raised to Obey: The Rise and Spread of Mass Education by Agustina S. Paglayan Princeton University Press, 2024. 384 pp. $32.00 (paper). ISBN: 978-0-961-26127-0

IF 0.6 3区历史学

Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1002/jhbs.70017

Thomas Fallace

引用次数: 0

The Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Invasion: The Construction of an Invasive Animal Threatening a "Healthy" Great Lakes Ecosystem.

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae046

Vincent Bijman

引用次数: 0

A Fresh View of the Veracity Effect in Deception Research: Bond and DePaulo Re-examined

IF 6.2 1区文学

Communication Research Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/00936502251316927

Timothy R. Levine, Kim B. Serota

引用次数: 0

Ethics in digital phenotyping: considerations regarding Alzheimer's disease, speech and artificial intelligence.

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110252

Francesca Rose Dino, Peter Scott Pressman, Kevin Bretonnel Cohen, Veljko Dubljevic, William Jarrold, Peter W Foltz, Matt DeCamp, Mohammad H Mahoor, Lawrence E Hunter

{"title":"Ethics in digital phenotyping: considerations regarding Alzheimer's disease, speech and artificial intelligence.","authors":"Francesca Rose Dino, Peter Scott Pressman, Kevin Bretonnel Cohen, Veljko Dubljevic, William Jarrold, Peter W Foltz, Matt DeCamp, Mohammad H Mahoor, Lawrence E Hunter","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-110252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2024-110252","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI)-based digital phenotyping, including computational speech analysis, increasingly allows for the collection of diagnostically relevant information from an ever-expanding number of sources. Such information usually assesses human behaviour, which is a consequence of the nervous system, and so digital phenotyping may be particularly helpful in diagnosing neurological illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. As illustrated by the use of computational speech analysis of Alzheimer's disease, however, neurological illness also introduces ethical considerations beyond commonly recognised concerns regarding machine learning and data collection in everyday environments. Individuals' decision-making capacity cannot be assumed. Understanding of analytical results will likely be limited even as the personal significance of those results is both highly sensitive and personal. In a traditional clinical evaluation, there is an opportunity to ensure that information is relayed in a way that is highly customised to the individual's ability to understand results and make decisions, and privacy is closely protected. Can any such assurance be offered as digital phenotyping technology continues to advance? AI-supported digital phenotyping offers great promise in neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, but it also poses ethical challenges. We outline some of these risks as well as strategies for risk mitigation.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0