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Speculation in the United Kingdom, 1785‒2019 英国的投机，1785-2019
IF 1.6 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2026-10-16 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.70087
William Quinn, John D. Turner, Clive B. Walker
{"title":"Speculation in the United Kingdom, 1785‒2019","authors":"William Quinn,&nbsp;John D. Turner,&nbsp;Clive B. Walker","doi":"10.1111/ehr.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Speculation has long been thought to have significant economic effects, but it is difficult to measure, making it challenging to examine these effects empirically. In this paper we measure speculation in the United Kingdom since 1785 by using business and financial reporting in <i>The Times</i> newspaper. Our monthly speculation index reveals four distinct epochs of speculation in the United Kingdom. Epochs of high speculation coincide with higher stock market returns and higher economic growth, while low-speculation periods coincide with high levels of government debt and financial repression. We find that low interest rates foment the development of higher speculation, and that eras of higher speculation are often followed by greater banking instability.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"79 4","pages":"1443-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Training as a club good: Merchant apprenticeship in sixteenth-century Europe 俱乐部式的培训：16世纪欧洲的商人学徒制
IF 1.6 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2026-10-16 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.70091
Esther Sahle
{"title":"Training as a club good: Merchant apprenticeship in sixteenth-century Europe","authors":"Esther Sahle","doi":"10.1111/ehr.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on the extensive correspondence of the sixteenth-century merchant firm of Tucher, this article casts pre-modern mercantile training in a new light. Rather than training for seven or more years with one master, including a possible sojourn abroad, apprentices served a string of short-term contracts with masters across different European countries. This form of organization raised the cost of training significantly. I argue that participants bore these costs because apprenticeship served a purpose beyond the transmission of skills. The network-based nature of trade meant that firms could expect to retain their investment in training through future business ties with the former apprentice. Over the course of the apprenticeship, reputation mechanisms served to vet the apprentice's suitability as a future trading partner. Under these circumstances, training became a club good. It facilitated network expansion and contributed to solving the fundamental problem of exchange.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"79 4","pages":"1301-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Life-cycle living standards of male-headed households: Evidence from Stockholm, 1800–80 男性户主家庭的生命周期生活水平：斯德哥尔摩的证据，1800 - 1980
IF 1.6 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2026-10-16 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.70086
Anton Svensson
{"title":"Life-cycle living standards of male-headed households: Evidence from Stockholm, 1800–80","authors":"Anton Svensson","doi":"10.1111/ehr.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent research in economic history argues for using a household life cycle standard-of-living approach that includes the income and expenses of all household members and considers fluctuations in the household over the life course. This study builds on that approach by empirically examining the development of living standards in male-headed households in Stockholm 1800–80, linking individuals and their households in the tax records throughout the life cycle. We compile a random sample of approximately 400 male-headed households to examine how living standards developed and whether they were able to save to mitigate income decline in old age. Distinguishing between manual- and non-manual-worker households, this study finds that the manual-worker household size outgrew income in early adulthood, creating a temporary downturn in welfare ratios. Living standards rose in subsequent stages but declined again when the head of the household approached old age. Manual-worker households suffered a more pronounced decline in income during these later years than non-manual-worker households. The latter had better opportunities to smooth consumption over the life cycle by setting money aside, although manual-worker households that survived into old age had some capacity for small savings, which may have eased but not offset the decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"79 4","pages":"1551-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Market integration in the Ottoman Balkans and the Middle East from the sixteenth century until the First World War 从16世纪到第一次世界大战，奥斯曼巴尔干和中东的市场一体化
IF 1.6 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2026-10-16 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.70082
Pınar Ceylan, K. Kıvanç Karaman, Şevket Pamuk
{"title":"Market integration in the Ottoman Balkans and the Middle East from the sixteenth century until the First World War","authors":"Pınar Ceylan,&nbsp;K. Kıvanç Karaman,&nbsp;Şevket Pamuk","doi":"10.1111/ehr.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a large body of mostly archival price data, this study examines wheat market integration across the Ottoman Empire and puts it in the context of broader European trends. We find that rates of Ottoman market integration fluctuated without a clear trend during the early modern era followed by greater international integration and geographically uneven domestic integration in the nineteenth century. Overall, Ottoman gains were slower than those in western Europe in both periods. Our regression analysis points to the role of geography and technological and institutional changes including changes in state capacity as the main determinants shaping integration patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"79 4","pages":"1379-1408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Great Debasement and English overseas trade: Gresham and Johnson in context 大贬值与英国海外贸易：格雷欣和约翰逊的语境
IF 1.6 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2026-10-16 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.70099
Ling-Fan Li
{"title":"The Great Debasement and English overseas trade: Gresham and Johnson in context","authors":"Ling-Fan Li","doi":"10.1111/ehr.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On the basis of price data collected from Gresham's Daybook and Johnson's letters, this article re-examines a conventional argument in the literature: that currency depreciation during the Great Debasement made English cloth cheaper and thus stimulated an export boom. The price data reveal that the purchase prices of English wool and cloth rose at roughly same rate as the depreciation of pound sterling. The two effects of coinage debasement – inflation and currency depreciation – largely offset each other. Depreciation alone is insufficient to explain the sustained expansion of English exports, rather, strong foreign demand was likely to provide the underlying momentum for the English cloth boom.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"79 4","pages":"1530-1550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building a Potemkin village in occupied China: Japan's wartime system of linked trade, 1939–43 在被占领的中国建立一个波将金村：日本战时的联系贸易体系，1939 - 1943
IF 1.6 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2026-10-16 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.70068
Shinji Takagi
{"title":"Building a Potemkin village in occupied China: Japan's wartime system of linked trade, 1939–43","authors":"Shinji Takagi","doi":"10.1111/ehr.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper discusses the novel but little-known exchange rate system of Japanese-occupied North China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, in which exporters were given the right to import in the form of a piece of yellow paper, which could be sold in the secondary market. In an environment of rapid inflation where North China's currency was pegged to the Japanese yen and devaluation was not politically feasible, the system incentivized exports by allowing the exporters to offset their losses with the profits from selling goods imported, or the right to import goods, at the overvalued exchange rate. Following the start of the Pacific War, the system evolved to become a major scheme of facilitating trade between North and Central China under Japanese occupation. The paper, utilizing the classified documents of the Yokohama Specie Bank, reconstructs analytically how the system operated. Further, our analysis, based on monthly average data, confirms that the secondary market pricing of yellow paper broadly mimicked the operation of a flexible exchange rate. The system died a natural death when exploding inflation in Central China eliminated the export disincentive in North China.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"79 4","pages":"1327-1345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improvised care: Jewish refugee medicine and public health in wartime Shanghai, 1938-1945. 临时护理：战时上海的犹太难民医疗和公共卫生，1938-1945。
IF 1.1 2区 哲学
Medical History Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10094
Yun Xia, Qin Cai
{"title":"Improvised care: Jewish refugee medicine and public health in wartime Shanghai, 1938-1945.","authors":"Yun Xia, Qin Cai","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2026.10094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between 1938 and 1941, nearly 20,000 Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution arrived in wartime Shanghai, a city already destabilized by the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), mass displacement, and fragmented governance. Their arrival exposed the limits of Shanghai's overstretched public health system while also generating new forms of medical organisation, refugee self-governance, and intercultural collaboration. Drawing on archival records, refugee memoirs, wartime newspapers, and medical journals, this article reconstructs the development of an improvised yet integrated refugee healthcare infrastructure between 1939 and 1945. The article argues that refugee medicine in Shanghai evolved beyond emergency relief into a broader regime of care comprising hospitals, nutrition programmes, sanitation campaigns, disease surveillance, and work-relief initiatives. Far from being passive recipients of humanitarian aid, refugee physicians became central actors in constructing and administering this system. In conditions of institutional fragmentation and material scarcity, they adapted European medical knowledge to unfamiliar climatic and epidemiological environments, collaborated with Chinese practitioners and local institutions, and contributed to new forms of medical knowledge production. The Shanghai case complicates conventional narratives of humanitarian governance and colonial medicine. Rather than operating under a centralised state or colonial authority, refugee healthcare emerged through negotiations among municipal authorities, international aid organisations, occupying military force, and Jewish communities. Wartime Shanghai thus became not merely a 'port of last resort,' but a significant site of transnational medical production in which displacement reshaped both medical practice and the meaning of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond reasonable doubt: antidepressants and the limits of scientific critique. 排除合理怀疑：抗抑郁药和科学批判的局限性。
IF 1.1 2区 哲学
Medical History Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10090
John Goulder
{"title":"Beyond reasonable doubt: antidepressants and the limits of scientific critique.","authors":"John Goulder","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2026.10090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public doubt about the usefulness of antidepressants appears to have grown, even as scientific agreement about their efficacy has become more settled. This paper examines the role that figures associated with critical psychiatry have had in promoting this doubt. It traces the long entanglement of antidepressants and their critics over the last eighty years, culminating in a 2022 review of the serotonin hypothesis, which, though it made no claims about efficacy, was widely interpreted as showing that antidepressants do not work. Drawing on Oreskes and Conway's concept of 'manufactured doubt', the paper explores how certain philosophical commitments have shaped these actors' views, at times impeding their engagement with new evidence. In doing so, it marks a distinction between productive and unproductive doubt. Whilst external scrutiny has played a significant role in shaping psychiatry, some positions are held so rigidly that the resulting critiques obscure the scientific consensus and risk undermining psychiatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Insatiable Machine: How Capitalism Conquered the World , Trevor Jackson (W. W. Norton & Company, 2026. Pp. 320. Hbk £21. ISBN 9781324106876). 《永不满足的机器：资本主义如何征服世界》，特雷弗·杰克逊著（w.w.诺顿出版社，2026年版）。320页。Hbk£21。国际标准图书编号9781324106876)。
IF 1.6 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2026-10-16 Epub Date: 2026-07-22 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.70144
Sebastián Royo
{"title":"The Insatiable Machine: How Capitalism Conquered the World , Trevor Jackson (W. W. Norton & Company, 2026. Pp. 320. Hbk £21. ISBN 9781324106876).","authors":"Sebastián Royo","doi":"10.1111/ehr.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.70144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"79 4","pages":"1650-1652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring the interwar housing boom: House prices and rents in England, 1913–39 衡量两次世界大战之间的房地产繁荣：1913 - 1939年英国的房价和租金
IF 1.6 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2026-10-16 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.70088
Antoninus M. Samy
{"title":"Measuring the interwar housing boom: House prices and rents in England, 1913–39","authors":"Antoninus M. Samy","doi":"10.1111/ehr.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Existing statistics about England's interwar housing market are sparse and based on outdated sources and methods. This article seeks to improve upon them by drawing on mortgage data from a major London-based building society and using the hedonic method of price index measurement to construct house price and rent indices for residential houses that are robust to intertemporal sampling differences. It is found that house prices and rents in England both rose significantly between 1919 and 1926 but moderated thereafter and declined throughout the 1930s housing boom. Further evidence indicates that there was excess supply in the housing market during the boom, driven by cheap money and a deliberate strategy by building societies of ‘making the market’ by fuelling private house construction.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"79 4","pages":"1500-1529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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