人文科学最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: Freedom and the Captive Mind: Fr. Gleb Yakunin and Orthodox Christianity in Soviet Russia by Wallace L. Daniel DanielWallace L., Freedom and the Captive Mind: Fr. Gleb Yakunin and Orthodox Christianity in Soviet Russia , Northern Illinois University Press: Ithaca, NY, 2024; 348 pp., 15 b/w illus.; 9781501777332, $130.00(hbk); 9781501777349, $32.95(pbk)","authors":"Philip Boobbyer","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: The Wagner Group: Inside Russia’s Mercenary Army by Jack Margolin MargolinJack, The Wagner Group: Inside Russia ’ s Mercenary Army , Reaktion Books: London, UK, 2024; 328 pp.4 illus.; 9781789149579, £16.99(hbk); 9781836392033, £12.99(pbk)","authors":"Christopher Faulkner","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001m","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shannon Vallor's Wise Polemic against AI Enthusiasm","authors":"Erik Parens","doi":"10.1002/hast.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>In</i> The AI Mirror: How to Reclaim Our Humanity in an Age of Machine Thinking, <i>Shannon Vallor excavates the moral significance of the difference between experiences such as cognition, empathy, and love that emerge in embodied beings like us, and simulacra of those experiences as produced by bodiless systems like generative AIs. She argues, helpfully and powerfully, that there is no greater existential threat to humanity than failing to remember and preserve that difference</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 5","pages":"43-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145296909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information and About the Cover Art","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>On the cover:</b> <i>The Complexity of Things 2,</i> by Mirella Rylewicz, 2011, acrylic on canvas, 100 × 112 cm.</p><p>Courtesy of the artist. https://mirellarylewicz.com</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 5","pages":"i-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145297009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-of-life care in Moroccan ICUs: ethical challenges, practices, and perspectives of intensivists.","authors":"Younes Aissaoui, Fadwa Charif, Bassam Bencharfa, Ayoub Bouchama, Ismail Myatt, Ayoub Belhadj","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01271-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01271-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>End-of-life (EOL) care practices, particularly the withholding and withdrawing (W/W) of life-sustaining treatments (LSTs), remain underexplored in North Africa. This study examined factors that influence EOL practices in Morocco.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide online survey was conducted over one month (from July to August 2023) among Moroccan intensivists, assessing their perspectives on W/W LSTs, decision-making processes, and influencing factors, including ethical, cultural, and religious considerations. Univariable analyses were performed to screen for potential associations, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify factors independently associated with W/W decisions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 351 invited intensivists, 151 completed the survey, yielding a 41% response rate. The mean age of respondents was 47 ± 9 years, and 84% were male. Most interpreted EOL care as providing palliative care (74%) or ensuring a dignified death (59%), while only 23% explicitly associated it with the cessation of life-sustaining treatment. Nearly 40% reported never having made withholding or withdrawing (W/W) decisions, and 88% made fewer than one such decision per week. While 59% considered withholding LSTs ethically acceptable, only 5% supported both withholding and withdrawing. The most frequently cited barriers were the absence of a legal framework (75%), sociocultural constraints (44%), and discomfort discussing EOL issues with families (58%). Patient wishes were considered in fewer than half of cases, whereas family preferences predominated in 66%. Documentation of W/W decisions was uncommon (27%), and formal institutional protocols were largely absent (94.5%). In multivariable analysis, practicing in a public hospital (odds ratio [OR] = 3.16, p = 0.005) and believing that Islam permits W/W decisions (OR = 3.49, p = 0.006) were independently associated with a higher likelihood of making such decisions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moroccan intensivists face major ethical and practical challenges in EOL care, including legal ambiguity, lack of protocols, limited patient involvement, and difficulty communicating with families. The findings highlight the urgent need for legislative reforms, standardized protocols, and improved education to support ethical, culturally sensitive, and patient-centred EOL practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12522822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IVF, Double Effects, and Risks to Embryonic Persons","authors":"Jonathan F. Will","doi":"10.1002/hast.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>The Alabama Supreme Court recently held that embryos are children for purposes of the state's Wrongful Death of a Minor Act, causing in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics to halt operations. While an emergency measure was passed to allow fertility services to resume, the governor made clear that it was a temporary fix and that regulations could follow. Indeed, some argue that IVF would have to be outlawed given the risk of loss of embryonic life inherent therein. But lawmakers could use the doctrine of double effect to justify IVF as a means of assisting people to have children notwithstanding a foreseen but unintended risk of loss of embryonic life. Even still, if governments intend to take embryonic personhood seriously, legislatures will have to make difficult decisions about whether certain activities such as cryopreservation, preimplantation genetic screening, and multiembryo transfers ought to be restricted to mitigate the risk of embryonic loss</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 5","pages":"2-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bright-Line Policy and the Future of the Fourteen-Day Rule","authors":"Anna C. Mastroianni,&nbsp;Jeffrey P. Kahn","doi":"10.1002/hast.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>As global science leaders revisit the fourteen-day rule for human embryo research, this commentary explores why its clarity, stability, and the public trust it has fostered have made it a notable success in science policy—and why any change must be approached with care</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Tchaikovsky’s Empire: A New Life of Russia’s Greatest Composer by Simon Morrison MorrisonSimon, Tchaikovsky’s Empire: A New Life of Russia’s Greatest Composer , Yale University Press: New Haven, CT, 2024; 384 pp., 16 illus.; 9780300192100, $35.00(hbk); 9780300284317, $24.00(pbk); 9780300280586, $35.00(ebook)","authors":"Francis Maes","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001p","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Soviet SCI_BERIA: The Politics of Expertise and the Novosibirsk Scientific Center by Ksenia Tatarchenko TatarchenkoKsenia, Soviet SCI_BERIA: The Politics of Expertise and the Novosibirsk Scientific Center , Bloomsbury Academic: London, 2024; 344 pp.; 9781350165830, £85.00(hbk); 9781350165847, £76.50(ebook)","authors":"Jon Oldfield","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participant Engagement, Epistemic Injustice, and Early-Phase Implanted Neural Device Research","authors":"Lilyana Levy,&nbsp;Ashley Feinsinger","doi":"10.1002/hast.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>In recent years, participant engagement initiatives in research on implanted neural devices have significantly increased. However, there remains little consensus on the motivations, goals, and best practices for engagement efforts. Drawing on the concept of</i> participatory epistemic injustice, <i>we argue that one core ethical motivation for engagement is epistemic in nature. Based on their subject positions, participants should be key knowledge contributors to implanted neurotech research. Therefore, we argue, participants experience participatory epistemic injustice when their insights do not result in changes to or otherwise influence research protocols, device development, and task design. We contend that engagement can resist this type of injustice only if it establishes robust methods not only to gather but also to actively incorporate participant knowledge into the research and development process</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 5","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}