IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111018

Nicholas Colgrove

{"title":"Abortion, infanticide and bodily rights: a response to Robinson.","authors":"Nicholas Colgrove","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-111018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2025-111018","url":null,"abstract":"James Robinson defends the claim that abortion and infanticide are morally distinct. This claim is defensible, he argues, because we have good reasons to condemn infanticide that do not apply to abortion. Specifically, Robinson claims that infanticide involves violation of infants' bodily rights. Abortion does not involve the violation of fetuses' bodily rights, however, because fetuses do not have bodily rights. Here, I offer a response. Robinson provides two reasons for thinking that fetuses lack bodily rights: (1) they do not possess bodies of their own and (2) we have clear duties to infants-which seemingly implies that infants have rights-whereas the same duties do not apply to fetuses. Robinson's first claim, that fetuses do not possess bodies of their own, rests on a mistaken view of the metaphysics of pregnancy (ie, the 'parthood view'). Further, Robinson assumes that to have bodily rights, one must be functionally independent from others' bodies. I argue that this is false. Second, I argue that the same duties listed by Robinson-which he claims apply to infants-apply to fetuses too. By Robinson's own lights, therefore, we should conclude that fetuses (like infants) have bodily rights. Alternatively, we would have to explain the wrongness of harming fetuses along some other lines (ie, in a way that does not posit fetal rights). This would be unjustifiably ad hoc. Hence, Robinson fails to provide compelling reasons to support the claim that abortion and infanticide are morally distinct.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aspiring to Aspirate: L2 Acquisition of English Word-Initial /p/ Over 10 Years. 向往向往：英语单词首字母/p/的第二语言习得，历时10年。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241264296

Murray J Munro, Tracey M Derwing, Kazuya Saito

{"title":"Aspiring to Aspirate: L2 Acquisition of English Word-Initial /p/ Over 10 Years.","authors":"Murray J Munro, Tracey M Derwing, Kazuya Saito","doi":"10.1177/00238309241264296","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309241264296","url":null,"abstract":"This short report describes a longitudinal examination of the acquisition of English-aspirated stops by an initial cohort of 24 adult Slavic-language (Russian, Ukrainian, and Croatian) speakers. All had arrived in Canada with low oral English proficiency, and all were enrolled in the same language instruction program at the outset. Initial bilabial stops in CVCs were recorded at eight testing times: six during the first year of the study, again at year 7, and finally at year 10. Intelligibility was evaluated through a blind listening assessment of the stop productions from the first seven testing times. Voice onset times (VOT) were measured for /p/ from all eight times. Mean /p/ intelligibility improved-mainly during a proposed Window of Maximal Opportunity for L2 speech acquisition-but remained below 100%, even after 7 years. For some speakers, early /p/ productions were minimally aspirated, with VOT increasing over time but remaining intermediate between L1 English and L1 Slavic-Language values at 10 years. However, inter-speaker variability was dramatic, with some speakers showing full intelligibility throughout the study and others showing many unintelligible productions at all times. Individual learning trajectories tended to be non-linear and often non-cumulative. Overall, these findings point to a developmental process that varies considerably from one learner to another. It also demonstrates the serious drawbacks of relying on group means to characterize the process of L2 segmental learning.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"247-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Technocracy to Democracy: The Need for Another Translational Justice. 从技术官僚到民主：对另一种翻译正义的需要。

IF 17 1区哲学

American Journal of Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2025.2497999

Keiichiro Yamamoto, Tomohide Ibuki, Eisuke Nakazawa

引用次数: 0

Health Equity Frameworks in Bioethical Perspective: Systemic Interventions and Innovative Justice. 生物伦理学视角下的卫生公平框架：系统干预和创新正义。

IF 17 1区哲学

American Journal of Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2025.2497976

Junxi Liu, Mocun Yang, Boda Zhou

引用次数: 0

Lessons Learned from Reproductive Justice: Communication with the Public to Earn and Maintain Trust of New and Existing Innovations. 生殖正义的经验教训：与公众沟通以赢得和维持对新的和现有的创新的信任。

IF 17 1区哲学

American Journal of Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2025.2498845

Cambray Smith, Elizabeth Pleasants, Kavita Shah Arora

引用次数: 0

Compassion in the justification of physician-assisted dying: Gandhi's non-violence vs. Aristotle's virtues and vices. 为医生协助下的死亡辩护时的同情：甘地的非暴力与亚里士多德的美德与罪恶。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-025-10251-0

Ercan Avci

引用次数: 0

The need for epistemic humility in AI-assisted pain assessment. 人工智能辅助疼痛评估需要认识上的谦逊。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-025-10264-9

Rachel A Katz, S Scott Graham, Daniel Z Buchman

{"title":"The need for epistemic humility in AI-assisted pain assessment.","authors":"Rachel A Katz, S Scott Graham, Daniel Z Buchman","doi":"10.1007/s11019-025-10264-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-025-10264-9","url":null,"abstract":"It has been difficult historically for physicians, patients, and philosophers alike to quantify pain given that pain is commonly understood as an individual and subjective experience. The process of measuring and diagnosing pain is often a fraught and complicated process. New developments in diagnostic technologies assisted by artificial intelligence promise more accurate and efficient diagnosis for patients, but these tools are known to reproduce and further entrench existing issues within the healthcare system, such as poor patient treatment and the replication of systemic biases. In this paper we present the argument that there are several ethical-epistemic issues with the potential implementation of these technologies in pain management settings. We draw on literature about self-trust and epistemic and testimonial injustice to make these claims. We conclude with a proposal that the adoption of epistemic humility on the part of both AI tool developers and clinicians can contribute to a climate of trust in and beyond the pain management context and lead to a more just approach to the implementation of AI in pain diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"339-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Looking at Gender Affirming Care Through the Lens of Justice. 从正义的角度看性别平权护理。

IF 17 1区哲学

American Journal of Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2025.2497997

Jilles Smids

引用次数: 0

Strengthening ARIE: Integrating Complexity and Ethics for Equitable Health Outcomes. 加强ARIE：整合复杂性和伦理以实现公平的卫生结果。

IF 17 1区哲学

American Journal of Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2025.2497977

Y Tony Yang

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Three Methods for Preparation of Autologous Cells for Use in Cell Therapy of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in People with Diabetes. 比较三种用于糖尿病患者慢性肢体缺血细胞疗法的自体细胞制备方法

IF 0.4 4区文学

Language Problems & Language Planning Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/15347346221095954

Jitka Husakova, Robert Bem, Alexandra Jirkovska, Andrea Nemcova, Vladimira Fejfarova, Karol Sutoris, Michal Kahle, Edward B Jude, Michal Dubsky

{"title":"Comparison of Three Methods for Preparation of Autologous Cells for Use in Cell Therapy of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in People with Diabetes.","authors":"Jitka Husakova, Robert Bem, Alexandra Jirkovska, Andrea Nemcova, Vladimira Fejfarova, Karol Sutoris, Michal Kahle, Edward B Jude, Michal Dubsky","doi":"10.1177/15347346221095954","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346221095954","url":null,"abstract":"Autologous cell therapy (ACT) is a new therapeutic approach for diabetic patients with no-option chronic limb-threatening ischemia (NO-CLTI). The aim of our study was to quantify cell populations of cell therapy products (CTPs) obtained by three different isolation methods and to correlate their numbers with changes in transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2). CTPs were separated either from stimulated peripheral blood (PB) (n = 11) or harvested from bone marrow (BM) processed either by Harvest SmartPReP2 (n = 50) or sedimented with succinate gelatin (n = 29). The clinical effect was evaluated by the change in TcPO2 after 1, 3 and 6 months. TcPO2 increased significantly in all three methods at each time point in comparison with baseline values (p < .01) with no significant difference among them. There was no correlation between the change in TcPO2 and the size of injected cell populations. We only observed a weak correlation between the number of injected white blood cells (WBC) and an increase in TcPO2 at 1 and 3 months. Our study showed that all three isolation methods of ACT were similarly relatively efficient in the treatment of NO-CLTI. We observed no correlation of TcPO2 increase with the number of injected monocytes, lymphocytes or CD34+. We observed a weak correlation between TcPO2 increase and the number of injected WBCs.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":"35 1","pages":"383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80982983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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