IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-109931

Brad Partridge, Taryn Rebecca Knox

引用次数: 0

Do children treat adjectives and nouns differently as modifiers in prenominal position? 儿童对形容词和名词作为名前修饰语的处理方式不同吗？

IF 1.7 2区文学

Journal of Child Language Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1017/S0305000924000448

Gail Moroschan, Elena Nicoladis, Farzaneh Anjomshoae

引用次数: 0

Matteo Vagelli, Reconsidering historical epistemology: French and anglophone styles in history and philosophy of science, 2024. Springer. Matteo Vagelli, 重新考虑历史认识论：科学史与科学哲学中的法语和英语风格》，2024 年。Springer.

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00641-7

Matthew Perkins-McVey

引用次数: 0

The modern synthesis and "Progress" in evolution: a view from the journal literature. 进化论中的现代综合与 "进步"：从期刊文献看进化论。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00634-6

Charles H Pence

{"title":"The modern synthesis and \"Progress\" in evolution: a view from the journal literature.","authors":"Charles H Pence","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00634-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-024-00634-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of \"progress\" in evolutionary theory and its relationship to a putative notion of \"Progress\" in a global, normatively loaded sense of \"change for the better\" have been the subject of debate since Darwin admonished himself in a marginal note to avoid using the terms 'higher' and 'lower.' While an increase in some kind of complexity in the natural world might seem self-evident, efforts to explicate this trend meet notorious philosophical difficulties. Numerous historians pin the Modern Synthesis as a pivotal moment in this history; Michael Ruse even provocatively hypothesizes that Ernst Mayr and other \"architects\" of the Synthesis worked actively to eliminate Progress from evolutionary biology's scientific purview. I evaluate these claims here with a textual analysis of the journals Evolution and Proceedings of the Royal Society B (a corpus of 27,762 documents), using a dynamic topic modeling approach to track the fate of the term 'progress' across the Modern Synthesis. The claim that this term declines in importance for evolutionary theorizing over this period can, indeed, be supported; more tentative evidence is also provided that the discussion of 'progress' is largely absent from the British context, emphasizing the role of American paleontology in the rise and fall of 'progress' in 20th-century evolutionary biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Earliest Ancient Maya salt production in southern Belize: excavations at Jay-yi Nah 伯利兹南部最早的古玛雅盐生产：Jay-yi Nah 的发掘工作

IF 1.8 2区历史学

Antiquity Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2024.186

Heather McKillop, E. Cory Sills

引用次数: 0

Normative implications of postgenomic deterministic narratives: the case study of epigenetic harm. 后基因组决定论叙事的规范意义：表观遗传危害案例研究。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00636-4

Emma Moormann

{"title":"Normative implications of postgenomic deterministic narratives: the case study of epigenetic harm.","authors":"Emma Moormann","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00636-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-024-00636-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What do we mean when we talk about epigenetic harm? This paper presents a multidimensional view of epigenetic harm. It is a plea to take a step back from discussions of epigenetic responsibility distributions prevalent in ELSA literature on epigenetics. Instead, it urges researchers to take a closer look at the normative role played by the concept of epigenetic harm. It starts out by showing that the ways in which the object of epigenetic responsibility has already been conceptualized are all related to 'epigenetic harm': something negative that happens in which epigenetic mechanisms play a role, or rather something that needs to be avoided. Epigenetic harm is then characterized as a bridging concept between relatively neutral findings on epigenetics on the one side, and potential ethical and societal implications of those findings, primarily in terms of responsibility ascriptions and distributions, on the other. The paper proposes that a sufficiently nuanced account of epigenetic harm should include at least three dimensions. The dimension of causation alone leads to an overly narrow understanding of harm, and a wrong understanding of this dimension might prompt researchers to support an excessively simplistic epigenetic determinism. It is argued that a multidimensional analysis of epigenetic harm is less vulnerable to this threat and more reflective of the various kinds of harm that may be experienced by the subjects of epigenetic alterations. The paper applies insights from disability studies and feminist philosophy to draw attention to two other dimensions of epigenetic harm, namely lived experiences and relationality. The paper concludes by exploring what a shift towards a multidimensional approach to epigenetic harm might mean for epigenetic research and responsibility ascriptions by formulating some concrete implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bot Versus Humans: Who Can Challenge Corporate Hypocrisy on Social Media? 机器人与人类：谁能在社交媒体上挑战企业的虚伪？

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241292578

Serena Armstrong, Caitlin Neal, Rongwei Tang, Hyejoon Rim, Emily K. Vraga

引用次数: 0

Seeking the first phylogenetic method-Edvard A. Vainio (1853-1929) and his troubled endeavour towards a natural lichen classification in the late nineteenth century Finland. 寻找第一种系统发育方法--爱德华-A-瓦伊尼奥（1853-1929 年）和他在十九世纪末芬兰为地衣自然分类所做的艰苦努力。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00635-5

Samuli Lehtonen

{"title":"Seeking the first phylogenetic method-Edvard A. Vainio (1853-1929) and his troubled endeavour towards a natural lichen classification in the late nineteenth century Finland.","authors":"Samuli Lehtonen","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00635-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00635-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Edvard August Vainio was a world-renowned Finnish lichenologist. In Finland, however, he was a controversial person due to his strong pro-Finnish political views. Equally disputed was his opinion that systematics should be based on evolutionary theory and phylogenetic thinking. Vainio was familiar with the ideas of the early German phylogeneticists-especially those of Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli - and, applying them, aimed to create an exact method for building a natural classification of lichens already at the end of the nineteenth century. In this respect, Vainio was a true pioneer, as no actual phylogenetic method had yet been developed. In the general spirit of the time, Vainio focused on finding the ancestors of species and other taxa by comparing primitive and derived features of homologous characters. However, Vainio already understood the concept of sister groups in 1880, the identification of which is the basis of all modern phylogenetic research. Nevertheless, the distinctive method developed by Vainio was not so much focused on the construction of a phylogenetic tree, but on revealing the origin of species through the differentiation and fixation of their polymorphic variation. Indeed, Vainio's species concept is surprisingly similar to the phylogenetic species concepts presented a hundred years later. Although in many ways progressive, Vainio's views did not influence the development of phylogenetics more widely, but his discussions are nevertheless a valuable source to understanding the early development of phylogenetic theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A different image? Images of scientists in Chinese films. 不同的形象？中国电影中的科学家形象

IF 3.5 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241290070

Hailing Yu, Ao Luo

引用次数: 0

Historical geographies of a Damascan population crisis: Jawlān and Ḥawrān in the late Mamluk - early Ottoman periods 大马士革人口危机的历史地理：马穆鲁克晚期-奥斯曼帝国早期的 Jawlān 和 Ḥawrān

IF 1.3 2区历史学

Journal of Historical Geography Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.09.002

Abbasi Mustafa, Kate Raphael

{"title":"Historical geographies of a Damascan population crisis: Jawlān and Ḥawrān in the late Mamluk - early Ottoman periods","authors":"Abbasi Mustafa, Kate Raphael","doi":"10.1016/j.jhg.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhg.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This multidisciplinary study examines the potential causes of a severe and rapid population and settlement decline during the period of transition in the Jawlān and eastern Ḥawrān regions in the province of Damascus. The Jawlān had been part of a relatively small and centralized sultanate in the Mamluk period. However, in the sixteenth century it was incorporated into an empire that ruled over three continents, thus its importance and standing gradually diminished. Newly recovered data from archaeological surveys, two archaeological excavations, fifteenth-century Arabic chroniclers and sixteenth-century Ottoman tax registers (<em>defter</em>s) evidence the magnitude of a demographic crisis that occurred in one of the province's most fertile areas at a time when neighboring regions enjoyed continuity, stability and growth. The study conclusions are significant: nomadization in conjunction with an internal, seasonal migration process likely caused the steep decline, and not external migration or sudden demographic decline due to plagues or natural disasters. This shift from sedentary to nomadic or semi-nomadic life lasted for a long time; the vast majority of the area residents were Bedouin, able to adapt quickly to the new reality that combined work in the (<em>mazra'as)</em> with cattle raising.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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