人文科学最新文献_第7页

Closing the Door to Remain Open: The Politics of Openness and the Practices of Strategic Closure in the Fediverse

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241308323

Jamie A. Theophilos

{"title":"Closing the Door to Remain Open: The Politics of Openness and the Practices of Strategic Closure in the Fediverse","authors":"Jamie A. Theophilos","doi":"10.1177/20563051241308323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051241308323","url":null,"abstract":"In early 2023, Meta announced that its new microblogging platform, Threads, would join the Fediverse, a network of free, open-source social media platforms. This decision created a rift within the Fediverse, with some users supporting Meta’s integration while others strongly opposing it. This research explores the practices and discourses of the latter group—users, developers, and server administrators—who aim to build a safer and more autonomous “free Fediverse.” By framing the Free Fediverse as a digital counterpublic, this article introduces the concept of “strategic closure” to illustrate how these actors resist corporate capture and maintain a safer online environment. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of sociomateriality and the politics of openness, my analysis highlights the entanglement between discursive and material aspects of these counterpublic practices. This study contributes to the broader discourse on alternative social media politics, emphasizing the ongoing negotiations between openness, safety, and technological design, and offers insights from Science and Technology Studies (STS) for understanding counterpublics in the age of Big Tech.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"94 37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pregnant women are often not listened to, but pathologising pregnancy isn't the solution. 孕妇往往得不到倾听，但将怀孕病理化并不是解决办法。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-109931

Brad Partridge, Taryn Rebecca Knox

引用次数: 0

Integrating constructivism in the critical dialogue method of clinical ethics. 将建构主义融入临床伦理学的批判性对话方法。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110353

Ryan J Dougherty, Melanie Jeske, Faith E Fletcher

引用次数: 0

Pregnancy, pain and pathology: a reply to Smajdor and Räsänen. 妊娠、疼痛和病理学：对 Smajdor 和 Räsänen 的答复。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-109921

Teresa Baron

引用次数: 0

A Sleight of Hand. 巧夺天工。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110219

Emma Tumilty

引用次数: 0

Advancing the scholarship of clinical ethics consultation. 推进临床伦理咨询的学术研究。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110534

Clare Delany, Sharon Feldman, Lynn Gillam

引用次数: 0

No, pregnancy is not a disease. 不，怀孕不是一种疾病。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-109922

Nicholas Colgrove, Daniel Rodger

{"title":"No, pregnancy is not a disease.","authors":"Nicholas Colgrove, Daniel Rodger","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-109922","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2024-109922","url":null,"abstract":"Anna Smajdor and Joona Räsänen argue that we have good reason to classify pregnancy as a disease. They discuss five accounts of disease and argue that each account either implies that pregnancy is a disease or if it does not, it faces problems. This strategy allows Smajdor and Räsänen to avoid articulating their own account of disease. Consequently, they cannot establish that pregnancy is a disease, only that plausible accounts of disease suggest this. Some readers will dismiss Smajdor and Räsänen's claims as counterintuitive. By analogy, if a mathematical proof concludes '2+2=5', readers will know-without investigation-that an error occurred. Rather than dismiss Smajdor and Räsänen's work, however, the easiest way to undermine their argument is to describe at least one plausible account of disease that (1) excludes pregnancy and (2) avoids the problems they raise for it. This is our strategy. We focus on dysfunction accounts of disease. After outlining Smajdor and Räsänen's main arguments against dysfunction accounts, we explain why pregnancy is not a disease on these accounts. Next, we defend dysfunction accounts against the three problems that Smajdor and Räsänen raise. If successful, then contra Smajdor and Räsänen, at least one plausible account of disease does not imply that pregnancy is a disease. We suspect that defenders of other accounts can respond similarly. Yet, we note that insofar as dysfunction accounts align with the commonsense intuition that pregnancy is not a disease, this, all else being equal, seems like a point in their favour.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'Empathy counterbalancing' to mitigate the 'identified victim effect'? Ethical reflections on cognitive debiasing strategies to increase support for healthcare priority setting. 用 "移情平衡 "来减轻 "受害者效应"？对认知去伪存真策略的伦理思考，以增加对医疗保健优先事项设定的支持。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109646

Jilles Smids, Charlotte H C Bomhof, Eline Maria Bunnik

{"title":"'Empathy counterbalancing' to mitigate the 'identified victim effect'? Ethical reflections on cognitive debiasing strategies to increase support for healthcare priority setting.","authors":"Jilles Smids, Charlotte H C Bomhof, Eline Maria Bunnik","doi":"10.1136/jme-2023-109646","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2023-109646","url":null,"abstract":"Priority setting is inevitable to control expenditure on expensive medicines, but citizen support is often hampered by the workings of the 'identified victim effect', that is, the greater willingness to spend resources helping identified victims than helping statistical victims. In this paper we explore a possible cognitive debiasing strategy that is being employed in discussions on healthcare priority setting, which we call 'empathy counterbalancing' (EC). EC is the strategy of directing attention to, and eliciting empathy for, those who might be harmed as a result of one-sided empathy for the very ill who needs expensive treatment. We argue that governments have good reasons to attempt EC because the identified victim effect distorts priority setting in ways that undermine procedural fairness. We briefly outline three areas of application for EC and suggest some possible mechanisms that might explain how EC might work, if at all. We then discuss four potential ethical concerns with EC. First, EC might have the counterproductive effect of reducing overall citizen support for public funding of expensive medical treatments, thereby undermining solidarity. Second, EC may give rise to a 'competition in suffering', which may have unintended side effects for patients who feature in attempts at EC. Third, there may be doubts about whether EC is effective. Fourth, it may be objected that EC comes down to emotional manipulation, which governments should avoid. We conclude that insofar these concerns are valid they may be adequately addressed, and that EC seems a promising strategy that merits further investigation.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139972224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Healthcare strikes and the ethics of voting in ballots. 医疗保健罢工和投票的道德规范。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109502

Ben Saunders

引用次数: 0

Awareness, experiences and perceptions regarding genetic testing and the return of genetic and genomics results in a hypothetical research context among patients in Uganda: a qualitative study. 乌干达患者对基因检测以及在假设研究背景下返还基因和基因组学结果的认识、体验和看法：一项定性研究。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2022-108885

Joseph Ochieng, Betty Kwagala, John Barugahare, Marlo Möller, Keymanthri Moodley

{"title":"Awareness, experiences and perceptions regarding genetic testing and the return of genetic and genomics results in a hypothetical research context among patients in Uganda: a qualitative study.","authors":"Joseph Ochieng, Betty Kwagala, John Barugahare, Marlo Möller, Keymanthri Moodley","doi":"10.1136/jme-2022-108885","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2022-108885","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Genetic testing presents unique ethical challenges for research and clinical practice, particularly in low-resource settings. To address such challenges, context-specific understanding of ethical, legal and social issues is essential. Return of genetics and genomics research (GGR) results remains an unresolved yet topical issue particularly in African settings that lack appropriate regulation and guidelines. Despite the need to understand what is contextually acceptable, there is a paucity of empirical research and literature on what constitutes appropriate practice with respect to GGR.The study assessed patients' awareness, experiences and perceptions regarding genetic testing and the return of GGR results in a hypothetical context.Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a qualitative exploratory approach. Respondents were patients attending the medical outpatient unit of Mulago National Hospital. Three deliberative focus group discussions involving 18 respondents were conducted. Data were analysed through thematic analysis.Results: Three main themes and several subthemes were identified. Most respondents were aware of genetic testing, supportive of GGR and receiving results. However, only a few had undergone genetic testing due to cost constraints. They articulated the need for adequate information and genetic counselling to inform decision-making. Privacy of results was important to respondents while others were willing to share results.Conclusion: There was general awareness and support for GGR and the return of results. Stigmatisation emerged as a barrier to disclosure of results for some. Global health inequity impacts access and affordability of genetic testing and counselling in Africa and should be addressed as a matter of social justice.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"829-834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139642331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0