IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-025-10254-x

Joshua Parker

{"title":"Healthcare exceptionalism: should healthcare be treated differently when it comes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions?","authors":"Joshua Parker","doi":"10.1007/s11019-025-10254-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-025-10254-x","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare systems produce significant greenhouse gas emissions, raising an important question: should healthcare be treated like any other polluter when it comes to reducing its emissions, or is healthcare special because of its essential societal role? On one hand, reducing emissions is critical to combat climate change. On the other, healthcare depends on emissions to deliver vital services. The resulting tension surrounds an idea of healthcare exceptionalism and leads to the question I consider in this paper: to what extent (if any) should the valuable goals of healthcare form an exception to the burdens of reducing greenhouse gas emissions? The goals of this paper are twofold. One is to think about how to address the issue of healthcare exceptionalism. Second is to discuss the extent of healthcare's climatic responsibilities. I examine two perspectives on healthcare exceptionalism. The first treats a responsibility to reduce emissions and the delivery of healthcare as separate issues, each governed by its own principle. I reject this view, proposing instead that we consider healthcare's environmental responsibilities in conjunction with its essential functions. I defend an \"inability to pay\" principle, suggesting that while healthcare should indeed contribute to mitigating climate change, its obligations should be constrained by the necessity of maintaining its core goals like protecting health and preventing disease. Healthcare should be treated differently from other sectors, but not to the extent that it is entirely exempt from efforts to reduce emissions.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"233-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why a responsibility sensitive healthcare system is not disrespectful. 为什么一个责任敏感的医疗系统不是不尊重。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-025-10262-x

Lydia Tsiakiri

{"title":"Why a responsibility sensitive healthcare system is not disrespectful.","authors":"Lydia Tsiakiri","doi":"10.1007/s11019-025-10262-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-025-10262-x","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of non-communicable diseases, the related increased medical costs, and the recent public health emergency bring out more forcefully pre-existing dilemmas of distributive justice in the healthcare context. Under this reality, would it be justified to hold people responsible for their taken lifestyle decisions, or would it constitute an instance of unjustified disrespectful treatment? From a respect-based standpoint, one could argue that a responsibility-sensitive healthcare system morally disrespects the imprudent ones engaging in disadvantageous differential treatment to their detriment. In contrast, however, we might also have luck egalitarian reasons that explain why this differential treatment is not unjust. Luck egalitarianism is a responsibility-sensitive theory of distributive justice, which argues that it is bad if some people are worse off than others through no voluntary fault of their own. In this paper, I clarify the concerns about disrespect raised against the luck egalitarian viewpoint and offer possible respect-based reasons for why this might not be the case grounded in deontological concepts. First, I employ a revised Double-effect case to support responsibility-sensitive rationing. In the last part of the paper, these are further supported through the Kantian Formula of Humanity supplemented by the concept of duties.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"315-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building Better Individuals: Letting Science Take The Lead. 塑造更好的个人：让科学引领。

IF 17 1区哲学

American Journal of Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2025.2497986

Elysa Koppelman-White, Dean McKay

引用次数: 0

Expanding Translation: The Case of How Patient Perceptions and Lived Experiences of Sickle Cell Disease Can Expand the Translational Justice Model. 扩展翻译：镰状细胞病患者的看法和生活经验如何扩展翻译正义模型的案例。

IF 17 1区哲学

American Journal of Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2025.2498844

Shameka Poetry Thomas

引用次数: 0

Multi-professional healthcare teams, medical dominance, and institutional epistemic injustice. 多专业医疗团队，医疗优势和制度认识不公正。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-025-10252-z

Anke Bueter, Saana Jukola

{"title":"Multi-professional healthcare teams, medical dominance, and institutional epistemic injustice.","authors":"Anke Bueter, Saana Jukola","doi":"10.1007/s11019-025-10252-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-025-10252-z","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-professional teams have become increasingly common in healthcare. Collaboration within such teams aims to enable knowledge amalgamation across specializations and to thereby improve standards of care for patients with complex health issues. However, multi-professional teamwork comes with certain challenges, as it requires successful communication across disciplinary and professional frameworks. In addition, work in multi-professional teams is often characterized by medical dominance, i.e., the perspective of physicians is prioritized over those of nurses, social workers, or other professionals. We argue that medical dominance in multi-professional teams can lead to institutional epistemic injustice, which affects both providers and patients negatively. Firstly, it codifies and promotes a systematic and unfair credibility deflation of the perspectives of professionals other than physicians. Secondly, it indirectly promotes epistemic injustice towards patients via leading to institutional opacity; i.e., via creating an intransparent system of credibility norms that is difficult to navigate. To overcome these problems, multi-professional teamwork requires institutional settings that promote epistemic equity of team members.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"219-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-roles and beyond: values, ethics, and practices in forensic mental health decision-making. 双重角色及超越：法医心理健康决策中的价值观、伦理和实践。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-024-10247-2

Sven H Pedersen, Susanna Radovic, Thomas Nilsson, Lena Eriksson

{"title":"Dual-roles and beyond: values, ethics, and practices in forensic mental health decision-making.","authors":"Sven H Pedersen, Susanna Radovic, Thomas Nilsson, Lena Eriksson","doi":"10.1007/s11019-024-10247-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-024-10247-2","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic mental health services (FMHS) involve restricting certain individual rights to uphold or promote other ethical values - the restriction of liberty in various forms is justified with reference to health and safety of the individual and the community. The tension that arises from this has been construed as a hallmark of the practice and an ever-present quandary for practitioners. Stating this ethical dilemma upfront is a common point of departure for many texts discussing FMHS. But do we run the risk of missing something important if setting the ethical scene rather than exploring it? This paper draws on interviews with three types of interested parties in mental health law proceedings - patients, psychiatrists and public defenders, and seeks to tease out what values are enacted when they describe and discuss experiences of FMHS and court proceedings. In doing so, we find emphasized values such as acceptance, telling it like it is, atonement, normality, and ensuring the future. We find that well-delineated and separate values are not necessarily the basis for decisions. We also find potential for explanation and guidance in bringing ethical discourse closer to everyday practice.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"199-211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aptitude, Anxiety, and Success in L2 Speech Development: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese EFL College-Level Learners. 第二语言语音发展中的能力、焦虑和成功：中国 EFL 大学水平学习者的纵向研究。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241281741

Yang Zhou

{"title":"Aptitude, Anxiety, and Success in L2 Speech Development: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese EFL College-Level Learners.","authors":"Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00238309241281741","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309241281741","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the second language (L2) speech development of a group of Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) college-level learners (N = 83) and the association between their aptitude, anxiety, and L2 speech development. The performance of the participants' L2 speech, including speech comprehensibility and accentedness, was evaluated using a sentence reading task and a pair of picture description tasks (pre- and post-test). In addition, students completed the LLAMA tests (language learning and aptitude measurement in adults) and the Second Language Speaking Anxiety Scale (SLSAS). The t-test revealed that after one semester of English speaking and pronunciation instruction, the EFL students in the study demonstrated significant gains in their L2 speech performance in terms of accentedness and comprehensibility in both controlled and impromptu tasks. Regression analyses revealed that phonemic coding ability positively predicted gains in comprehensibility but negatively predicted gains in accentedness during sentence reading. In addition, associative memory was positively associated with comprehensibility gains in the picture description task. Anxiety appeared to be a strong predictor of participants' gains in speech comprehensibility and accentedness during the picture description task.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"437-459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

JSLW editorial for June 2025 2025年6月JSLW社论

IF 5 1区文学

Journal of Second Language Writing Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jslw.2025.101214

YouJin Kim, Stephen Doolan

引用次数: 0

The Case for a Quantitative Approach to the Study of Nonnative Accent Features. 采用定量方法研究非母语口音特征的理由。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241256653

Mónica Anna Wagner, Mirjam Broersma, James M McQueen, Roeland van Hout, Kristin Lemhöfer

{"title":"The Case for a Quantitative Approach to the Study of Nonnative Accent Features.","authors":"Mónica Anna Wagner, Mirjam Broersma, James M McQueen, Roeland van Hout, Kristin Lemhöfer","doi":"10.1177/00238309241256653","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309241256653","url":null,"abstract":"Research with nonnative speech spans many different linguistic branches and topics. Most studies include one or a few well-known features of a particular accent. However, due to a lack of empirical studies, little is known about how common these features are among nonnative speakers or how uncommon they are among native speakers. Moreover, it remains to be seen whether findings from such studies generalize to lesser-known features. Here, we demonstrate a quantitative approach to study nonnative accent features using Dutch-accented English as an example. By analyzing the phonetic distances between transcriptions of speech samples, this approach can identify the features that best distinguish nonnative from native speech. In addition, we describe a method to test hypotheses about accent features by checking whether the prevalence of the features overall varies between native and nonnative speakers. Furthermore, we include English speakers from the United States and United Kingdom and native Dutch speakers from Belgium and The Netherlands to address the issue of regional accent variability in both the native and target language. We discuss the results concerning three observed features. Overall, the results provide empirical support for some well-known features of Dutch-accented English, but suggest that others may be infrequent among nonnatives or in fact frequent among natives. In addition, the findings reveal potentially new accent features, and factors that may modulate the expression of known features. Our study demonstrates a fruitful approach to study nonnative accent features that has the potential to expand our understanding of the phenomenon of accent.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"313-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceptually Easy Second-Language Phones Are Not Always Easy: The Role of Orthography and Phonology in Schwa Realization in Second-Language French. 感知上容易的第二语言电话并不总是容易的：正字法和音系在第二语言法语弱读音实现中的作用。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241277995

Elisabeth Heiszenberger, Eva Reinisch, Frederik Hartmann, Elizabeth Brown, Elissa Pustka

{"title":"Perceptually Easy Second-Language Phones Are Not Always Easy: The Role of Orthography and Phonology in Schwa Realization in Second-Language French.","authors":"Elisabeth Heiszenberger, Eva Reinisch, Frederik Hartmann, Elizabeth Brown, Elissa Pustka","doi":"10.1177/00238309241277995","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309241277995","url":null,"abstract":"Encoding and establishing a new second-language (L2) phonological category is notoriously difficult. This is particularly true for phonological contrasts that do not exist in the learners' native language (L1). Phonological categories that also exist in the L1 do not seem to pose any problems. However, foreign-language learners are not only presented with oral input. Instructed L2 learning often involves heavy reliance on written forms of the target language. The present study investigates the contribution of orthography to the quality of phonolexical encoding by examining the acoustics of French schwa by Austrian German learners-a perceptually and articulatorily easy L2 phone with incongruent grapheme-phoneme correspondences between the L1 and L2. We compared production patterns in an auditory word-repetition task (without orthographic input) with those in a word-reading task. We analyzed the formant values (F1, F2, F3) of the schwa realizations of two groups of Austrian high-school students who had been learning French for 1 and 6 years. The results show that production patterns are more likely to be affected by L1 grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences when orthographic input is present. However, orthography does not appear to play the dominant role, as L2 development patterns are strongly determined by both the speaker and especially the lexical item, suggesting a highly complex interaction of multiple internal and external factors in the establishment of L2 phonological categories beyond orthography and phonology.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"460-491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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