人文科学最新文献_第9页

Moral Intuition Regarding the Possibility of Conscious Human Brain Organoids: An Experimental Ethics Study.

IF 2.7 2区哲学

Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00525-w

Koji Ota, Tetsushi Tanibe, Takumi Watanabe, Kazuki Iijima, Mineki Oguchi

{"title":"Moral Intuition Regarding the Possibility of Conscious Human Brain Organoids: An Experimental Ethics Study.","authors":"Koji Ota, Tetsushi Tanibe, Takumi Watanabe, Kazuki Iijima, Mineki Oguchi","doi":"10.1007/s11948-024-00525-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-024-00525-w","url":null,"abstract":"The moral status of human brain organoids (HBOs) has been debated in view of the future possibility that they may acquire phenomenal consciousness. This study empirically investigates the moral sensitivity in people's intuitive judgments about actions toward conscious HBOs. The results showed that the presence/absence of pain experience in HBOs affected the judgment about the moral permissibility of actions such as creating and destroying the HBOs; however, the presence/absence of visual experience in HBOs also affected the judgment. These findings suggest that people's intuitive judgments about the moral status of HBOs are sensitive to the valence-independent value of phenomenal consciousness. We discuss how these observations can have normative implications; particularly, we argue that they put pressure on the theoretical view that the moral status of conscious HBOs is grounded solely in the valence-dependent value of consciousness. We also discuss how our findings can be informative even when such a theoretical view is finally justified or when the future possibility of conscious HBOs is implausible.","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In memoriam Tony Bex

IF 0.7 3区文学

Language and Literature Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/09639470241310856

引用次数: 0

Asymmetric Consumptive News Feed Curation? Examining How Perceived News Feed Performance Influences Boosting and Limiting Curation on Facebook

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/20563051241306382

Shuning Lu, Biying Wu-Ouyang, Hsuan-Ting Chen

引用次数: 0

Resisting Newton in provincial France, 1750s-1770s: Opposition from the margins to the Parisian academic community.

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.12.004

Marco Storni

{"title":"Resisting Newton in provincial France, 1750s-1770s: Opposition from the margins to the Parisian academic community.","authors":"Marco Storni","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"In the eighteenth century, the requirements for participation in scientific life were progressively narrowed, leading to a gradual closure of the community of the learned. This shift was influenced by the dissemination of Newton's natural philosophy across Europe, which catalysed the rejection of previously dominant principles and methods, while heralding the adoption of a new approach, based on mathematics and experimentalism. This paper examines various forms of resistance to the emergence of a community of Newtonian savants in post-1750 France, focusing on institutions and authors located at its margins. First, I analyse the relationship between provincial and central academies through the case study of the Académie des Belles-Lettres de Caen. Here, the persistent opposition to Newton was partly due to cultural conservatism but was also a form of resistance to the centralisation and concentration of expertise, and the resulting homogenisation of practices, promoted by the Paris Academy. Secondly, I examine the opposition to Newton by some authors working outside the academic milieu, who contributed to the \"provincialisation\" of knowledge by addressing a provincial public in their writings. Their aim was not only to engage in a dialogue with the savants of the authoritative institutions, which was almost impossible at the time, but also to appear as polemicists on the public stage, attracting a readership thirsty for scientific perspectives alternative to those considered mainstream.","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"109 ","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Another philosophical look at twistor theory 从哲学角度看扭体理论

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00627-z

Gregor Gajic, Nikesh Lilani, James Read

引用次数: 0

Revisiting medical oaths: how student-driven ethical codes reflect changing values.

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110460

Michael Stein, Shaun Evan Gruenbaum, Alan Jotkowitz

{"title":"Revisiting medical oaths: how student-driven ethical codes reflect changing values.","authors":"Michael Stein, Shaun Evan Gruenbaum, Alan Jotkowitz","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-110460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2024-110460","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical oaths and ethical codes play a crucial role in guiding physicians through their professional responsibilities. This study extends prior research on ethical codes created by students at the Medical School for International Health (MSIH) by analysing codes from the years 2007 to 2022.Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate changes in the ethical principles emphasised by MSIH students over time and to compare these with previous cohorts.Methods: Ethical codes from MSIH classes (2007-2022) were analysed using the framework developed by Baker. This framework categorises oaths into four sections: preamble, covenant, code of duties to patients and peroration. The focus was primarily on the code of duties to patients. Quantitative analysis was used to assess the prevalence of specific ethical principles.Results: The study found an increased emphasis on principles such as 'respect for patients' and 'cultural competence/sensitivity', while traditional values like 'benevolence' and 'honesty' were mentioned less frequently. New themes, including 'patient autonomy' and 'cultural competence', emerged, reflecting a shift towards patient-centred care and justice, though emerging issues like artificial intelligence ethics were not addressed.Conclusions: MSIH students' ethical codes have evolved to emphasise patient respect and cultural competence. The findings suggest a maturation in the ethical perspectives of medical students, though gaps remain in addressing contemporary challenges. Future studies should explore how ethical codes can incorporate emerging issues in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Streaming giants and the global shift: building value chains and remapping trade flows 流媒体巨头和全球转变：建立价值链和重新规划贸易流

IF 7.9 1区文学

Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqae040

Jean K Chalaby

引用次数: 0

Book Review: New Directions in Cognitive Grammar and Style

IF 0.7 3区文学

Language and Literature Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1177/09639470241310849

Junjie Ma

引用次数: 0

Fashion Influencer Moms on Instagram: Exploration of Their Affective Labor and Self-Presentation Practices