IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-110883

Alexis Heng Boon Chin, Sayyed Mohamed Muhsin

{"title":"Caveats on human cognitive enhancement technologies based on the sociocultural context of Singapore.","authors":"Alexis Heng Boon Chin, Sayyed Mohamed Muhsin","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-110883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2025-110883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A survey study by Haining <i>et al</i> reported significantly higher percentages of Singaporeans approving of human cognitive enhancement via reprogenetic technologies, as compared with American respondents in a similar previous survey study conducted in the USA. Some caveats on human cognitive enhancement with reprogenetic technologies, such as polygenic embryo screening and germline gene editing, are thus discussed based on the local sociocultural context of Singapore. First, within a hypercompetitive shame-based Confucian society such as Singapore, the autonomy of the cognitively enhanced offspring would likely be curtailed by the heavy-handed 'tiger-parenting' approach of their parents, who, after investing so much money in enhancing their cognitive ability, would have 'heightened' expectations of their academic performance. Second, cognitive enhancement may not improve the personal happiness, sense of fulfilment and overall well-being of the offspring, particularly if their unique motivations and aspirations do not align with the idealised visions and expectations of their parents, and if they are unable to fulfil the unrealistic and unreasonable expectations imposed by their parents and broader society. Third, cognitive enhancement may not necessarily improve the future prospects and life success of the offspring if this further exacerbates an unbalanced job market with an oversupply of university graduates. Fourth, cognitive enhancement is anticipated to be very expensive and hence be afforded only by the affluent, thereby further aggravating existing socioeconomic disparities. Last, the high costs of such technologies could further accelerate demographic decline due to the heavy financial burden on prospective parents. Hence, Singapore must carefully consider these caveats before permitting such cognitive-enhancing technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retraction Note: Pop Music Singing in Education with Modern Innovative Technologies: How the Chinese Language Shapes the Creation of Popular Singing.

IF 1.6 2区文学

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-025-10130-y

Luoxiao Zhang, Jiawei Hu

引用次数: 0

Feeding the imagination: Linguistic features of motion descriptions in audio-described movies

IF 1.7 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2025.101728

Teresa Molés-Cases , Michele I. Feist

{"title":"Feeding the imagination: Linguistic features of motion descriptions in audio-described movies","authors":"Teresa Molés-Cases , Michele I. Feist","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2025.101728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2025.101728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Audio description is a mode of audiovisual translation which renders visual information, including action, accessible to the visually impaired. Because languages differ in their typical means for describing motion events (i.e. Talmy 1985; Slobin 1996a), the audio-described experience available to speakers of different languages may likewise differ, a phenomenon we have dubbed ‘thinking-for-audio-describing’ (cf. thinking-for-speaking, Slobin 1996a). This study examines information about motion events given in the German and Spanish audio-described versions of a corpus of movies aimed at children and young adults. Like English, German typically encodes information about manner in the main verb, thus providing a good contrast to Spanish, which more typically encodes information about path. The results indicate that manner-of-motion information is more varied and frequent in German audio descriptions than in Spanish ones. We argue that this is due to the combined impact of the describer's mother tongue and of the restrictions and guidelines for audio description, with the result that users of audio descriptions in different languages may be presented with different experiences of the same work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 101728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"The significance of clinical foetal autopsy for reproductive health care: an ethical analysis in the German context". "临床胎儿解剖对生殖保健的意义：德国的伦理分析"。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-025-10265-8

Elisa Groff, Marta C Cohen, Florian Steger

{"title":"\"The significance of clinical foetal autopsy for reproductive health care: an ethical analysis in the German context\".","authors":"Elisa Groff, Marta C Cohen, Florian Steger","doi":"10.1007/s11019-025-10265-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-025-10265-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical autopsy of foetuses, stillborn babies, or neonates and the examination of the placenta help to inform the mother's decision-making and her medical care for subsequent pregnancies. Indeed, these post-mortem examinations can identify unexpected congenital malformations or the cause of repeated miscarriage or stillbirth. However, the use of clinical pathology for diagnostic purposes in the context of family planning for bereaved parents with an unfulfilled desire to have a child, and IVF couples has received little attention to date. This article applies Beauchamp and Childress' bioethical framework to identify, assess and systematically discuss ethical issues associated with the use of clinical foetal autopsy in reproductive healthcare within the German legal context. In the format of a clinical ethics consultation, the article examines the current policy on perinatal post-mortem examinations in Germany, and asks whether the clinical foetal autopsy for reproductive health purposes should be part of standard clinical examinations offered to bereaved parents. The conclusion of our research recommends clinical foetal autopsy as ethically acceptable, provided that the necessary resources are available. This recommendation is based on the ethical obligation towards the mother as the patient, which is grounded in the bioethical principles of autonomy and beneficence.</p>","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Having a chronic disease and being chronically ill. 患有慢性疾病和长期患病。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-025-10267-6

Henk Ten Have, Bert Gordijn

引用次数: 0

The importance of centering harm in data infrastructures for ‘soft moderation’: X’s Community Notes as a case study 以数据基础设施中的危害为中心进行 "软节制 "的重要性：以 X 的社区笔记为例

IF 5 1区文学

New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251314399

Ariadna Matamoros-Fernández, Nadia Jude

引用次数: 0

Social meaning as Hearer's Meaning: Integrating social meaning into a general theory of meaning in communication

IF 1.8 1区文学

Journal of Pragmatics Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.03.010

Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen

{"title":"Social meaning as Hearer's Meaning: Integrating social meaning into a general theory of meaning in communication","authors":"Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.pragma.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pragma.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses P. Eckert's call to incorporate social meaning into a more general theory of meaning. The notion of social meaning can be defined in both a narrow and a somewhat broader sense, the latter of which forms the basis for the paper. I review recent research showing how social meaning may impact on pragmatically central aspects of utterance interpretation, including lexical access, ambiguity resolution, reference assignment, presupposition projection, implicature derivation, and truth value assessment, as well as the hearer's expectations regarding future interaction with the speaker. Conversely, pragmatic features of linguistic expressions may facilitate the use of those same expressions to convey social meanings. I argue that, being fundamentally speaker-centered and reliant on intention-recognition, mainstream theories of meaning in communication are poorly equipped to integrate social meaning, due to the latter's often unintentional, indexical and/or multimodal nature. I suggest instead that Hansen & Terkourafi's recent model of Hearer's Meaning is intrinsically well-suited to the task, and I present that model in more detail, focusing however on those aspects of it that are of most direct relevance to integrating social meaning, viz. its conceptual anchoring in Peircean semiotics, and its explicit incorporation of hearers' assumptions about the identities of speakers, as well as about their social relationship with the speaker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pragmatics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Pages 81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Acquisition of Verbal Morphology by Child Classroom EFL Learners in Russia and China: The Effect of Age and L1.

IF 1.7 2区文学

Journal of Child Language Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1017/S030500092500008X

Athina Ntalli, Theodora Alexopoulou, Henriëtte Hendriks, Ianthi Maria Tsimpli

引用次数: 0

Are slow codes uniquely deceptive?

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13415

Michael B Grosso, Paola Nicolas

{"title":"Are slow codes uniquely deceptive?","authors":"Michael B Grosso, Paola Nicolas","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Sham codes\" or \"slow codes\"-defined here as resuscitative efforts undertaken only to the extent necessary to convey the impression that \"everything was done,\" rather than to achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)-have been almost universally condemned for the past five decades. To facilitate an examination of this practice, we consider how the clinician's obligations and prerogatives differ under four scenarios, all of which involve conflict between the physician who desires to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the family who does not. Under two scenarios, involving quality of life considerations and quantitative futility (\"long shots\"), we argue that slow codes are ethically impermissible. Under two other scenarios, however, we maintain an agnostic view on the moral permissibility of slow codes. We observe that where the case for impermissibility is predicated on considerations of honesty and professional integrity, commonly practiced and commonly defended alternatives to the slow code, such as non-initiation of CPR after bedside assessment, limited trials of CPR, and futile CPR, are typically undertaken for beneficent reasons and, like the slow code, entail non-lying deception. Finally, we offer recommendations for care delivery reform that work \"upstream\" to prevent the conflicts and crises of trust that give rise to intractable conflicts surrounding CPR.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EFL university students’ game element preferences and learning needs: Implications for the instructional design of digital gamified classes

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103670

Yujia Hong , Nadira Saab , Wilfried Admiraal

{"title":"EFL university students’ game element preferences and learning needs: Implications for the instructional design of digital gamified classes","authors":"Yujia Hong , Nadira Saab , Wilfried Admiraal","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital gamification has a great potential for enhancing EFL learners' motivation and achievement. A digital gamified class should be the integration of ‘game’ and ‘learning’ aspects. However, most studies on it have been conducted only with the hypothesis of using game elements to improve the student experience, ignoring the role of students' learning needs in the success of digital gamification. The present study employed the Target Needs Analysis Model and used five commonly used game elements in class to investigate university EFL students' learning needs, game element preferences, and the relationship between them, with English writing homework as the application context. Online survey data from 505 EFL learners who have experienced English writing homework in Chinese universities were collected. Through descriptive analysis, their preferred game elements for designing English writing homework were found (competition the most while ranking the least). Five types of learning needs were identified as well, ranging from text types to writing tasks. In addition, the results of the content analysis showed that a small percentage of participants were reluctant to use digital gamification due to unfamiliarity (about 9.4 %) and demotivation (about 3.6 %). Three design principles for gamified English writing were also yielded, that is, instant and personalized feedback, appropriate time pressure, and difficulty levels. Moreover, path analysis and Structural Equation Modeling approaches demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between specific types of game elements and writing needs, although different gamification designs could slightly facilitate the fulfillment of learning needs. Furthermore, we gave both practical implications and recommendations for future research on digital gamification for learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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