{"title":"Double-effect sedation and the importance of conceptual clarity in discussing side effects.","authors":"Austin Due","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-111284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2025-111284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiuzhou Hao, Eleonora Rossi, Megan Nakamura, Alicia Luque, Jason Rothman
{"title":"Individual differences matter in heritage language bilingual processing: An electroencephalography (EEG) study of grammatical gender","authors":"Jiuzhou Hao, Eleonora Rossi, Megan Nakamura, Alicia Luque, Jason Rothman","doi":"10.1017/s0272263125101149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263125101149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study investigated if/how individual differences in heritage language (HL) experience modulate gender agreement processing among Spanish heritage speakers (HSs). We reanalyzed the data from Luque and colleagues (2023), which reported an aggregate biphasic N400–P600. The present analysis revealed that sensitivity to morphological markedness was positively modulated by HL proficiency and exposure/use. Higher proficiency led to increased P600 across markedness conditions—the typical signature of L1-dominant processing—while increased Spanish exposure/use resulted in increased N400 for Default Errors—a signature attested only in HSs in this domain. Formal instruction led to increased N400 but reduced P600 for Feature Clash Errors. We interpret these results to suggest that the N400 reflects a morphophonological pattern-matching strategy with some HSs relying (more) on this mechanism as Spanish exposure and use increases. Markedness also modulated the relative engagement of pattern-matching (N400) versus automatic grammatical processing (P600), depending on the transparency/saliency of morphophonological patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Science diplomacy and politics: building the Global Atmospheric Research Program.","authors":"Matthias Heymann","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425101258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087425101258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1967, the World Meteorological Organisation and the International Council of Scientific Unions launched the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP), which lasted until 1982. The primary goals of the programme were international cooperation in global atmospheric observation to improve weather forecasting and to study climatic changes. This article examines the development phase of GARP from approximately 1961 to 1967, focusing on the US meteorologists Jule Charney and Thomas Malone and the Swedish meteorologist Bert Bolin, who contributed to its organization. It shows a variety of relationships between science and politics, beginning with President John F. Kennedy's call for scientific cooperation to ease international political tensions, followed by the diverse efforts of Charney, Malone, Bolin and others to help secure political support, and finally the protracted negotiations within the International Council of Scientific Unions to shape and organize the Global Atmospheric Research Program.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LinguaPub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104035
Fengming Liu , Xiaoying Liles
{"title":"Regional variation in conventional expressions: a comparative study of Mandarin in Mainland China and Taiwan","authors":"Fengming Liu , Xiaoying Liles","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This exploratory study investigated regional variation in conventional expressions between two varieties of Mandarin, a pluricentric language, spoken in Mainland China and Taiwan. A timed aural-oral Discourse Completion Task was conducted, and over 9,000 oral responses were collected from 152 L1 speakers in Mainland China and Taiwan. This study adopted the Variational Pragmatics framework and conducted pragmatic analysis at three levels: speech act, pragmatic strategy, and the actional level, specifically focusing on the linguistic realizations of conventional expressions. The results showed that although conventional expressions embody high alignment in these two regions at the speech act level, regional variation was observed at the pragmatic strategy level, the actional level, and in some cases at both levels. At the pragmatic strategy level, speakers in the two regions used different semantic formulas, realized through distinct expressions, to perform the same speech act. At the actional level, while the distribution and production rates of conventional expressions were similar across the two regions, regional variation manifested in two ways: “variation across expressions” and “variation within expressions.” This study provides empirical data to the field of variational pragmatics by examining Mandarin varieties and sheds light on regional pragmatic similarities and differences between these intra-cultural varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 104035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are partisan, unreliable, digital-born, and mass-oriented media more likely to thrive on social media? Comparing four information ecosystems","authors":"Tian Yang, Xuzhen Yang, Yilang Peng, Subhayan Mukerjee","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf035","url":null,"abstract":"Social media platforms form information ecosystems distinct from the Web and reconfigure power relationships, especially the distribution of visibilities, among news media. We developed a theoretical framework based on structuration theory to explain the differences between the Web and social media, and investigated four prominent factors: institutional legacy, information reliability, ideological differences, and news inequalities. This study collected social media data from three platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube; N = 8.4 million posts), web traffic data, and an information reliability index for 766 media outlets in the USA. We investigated how four factors explained differences between the platforms and the Web: media outlets that were digital-born (compared to newspapers), partisan, and mass-oriented gained greater visibilities on platforms relative to their web traffic. Meanwhile, the three platforms displayed differences. For example, only Twitter showed significantly increased visibilities of unreliable sources. Our multiplatform research design demonstrates the impact of platformization on journalism.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is the integrated/non-integrated distinction for embryo models really obsolete?","authors":"Hafez Ismaili M'hamdi","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-111245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2025-111245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stem cell-based embryo models (SCBEMs) offer new ways for studying early human development while circumventing ethical challenges associated with natural embryos. Traditionally, SCBEMs are categorised as 'integrated' or 'non-integrated', reflecting their capacity for coordinated development and potential to acquire morally relevant properties. However, the <i>Code of Practice</i> challenges this distinction, arguing that non-integrated SCBEMs can reach stages of significant developmental complexity, making the classification obsolete. This paper critiques the abandonment of the integrated/non-integrated framework. I argue that the distinction is tied, rightfully so, to developmental potential rather than structural complexity. For the ethical oversight of embryo models, the potential to develop morally relevant properties and thus the integrated/non-integrated distinction remains relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transpositioning through visual translanguaging creativity: A multimodal analysis of a Chinese wanghong vlogger’s identity performance on YouTube","authors":"Yilei Wang , Dezheng (William) Feng , Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dcm.2025.100937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcm.2025.100937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes how the popular Chinese vlogger Li Ziqi represents herself and the Chinese culture on YouTube for a global audience. It addresses two key issues of identity performance in vlogging: the transpositioning of the self drawing upon pluralized cultural repertories, and the deployment of multimodal resources for identity construction. We extend the notion of translanguaging to multimodal meaning-making practices and explicate the complexity of transcultural identities. Our analysis reveals a high level of multimodal translanguaging creativity in Li Ziqi’s videos, where mise-en-scène, cinematography, and music are orchestrated to blend the traditional Chinese aesthetics with modern, commercialized styles. This multimodal translanguaging creativity allows Li to position herself simultaneously as a romanticized farmer, a postfeminist folk artist, and a Chinese cuisine bon vivant. Each persona reflects further layers of transpositioning—where traditional and (post)modern, local and global, rural and cosmopolitan attributes are seamlessly integrated. This study furthers our understanding of identity hybridity in translocal vlogging as well as multimodal translanguaging as a key strategy for identity performance in social media discourse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46649,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Context & Media","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 100937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sentence Production in Standard Indonesian Agrammatism.","authors":"Bernard A J Jap, Roelien Bastiaanse","doi":"10.1007/s10936-025-10165-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10936-025-10165-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For individuals with agrammatic aphasia, producing sentences with non-canonical word orders is a challenging feat. Studies on different languages report deficits in this area of sentence production: some citing problems related to retrieval of verb morphology while others pursue a more holistic approach by attributing the root of the deficit towards the process of thematic role assignment. It has been shown that agrammatic speakers of Standard Indonesian are relatively unimpaired in the use (in spontaneous speech) and comprehension of passive constructions. These studies suggest the high frequency of the passive structure in Standard Indonesian may play a role in its retrieval and processing. For the current study, we tested sentence production in agrammatic speakers of Standard Indonesian. The purpose of the present study is to assess the effects of syntactic frequency and word order on sentence production in agrammatic speakers of Standard Indonesian. Twelve agrammatic speakers were tested with a picture elicitation task. The participants had to produce active and passive, reversible and non-reversible sentences. No main effects of sentence type were observed; reversible and non-reversible active and passive sentences were produced with comparable accuracy. Despite this observation, the majority of errors produced were associated with role-reversals and verb inflection. Lack of a specific deficit in the production of structures with non-canonical word order suggests the impact of syntactic frequency on agrammatic sentence processing. As with previous studies on Indonesian sentence comprehension, the present results provide evidence for the preservation of the passive structure in agrammatic speakers of Standard Indonesian.</p>","PeriodicalId":47689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psycholinguistic Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of L2 exposure at school on the cognitive development of children from monolingual backgrounds: A longitudinal study","authors":"Gloria Chamorro, Inés de la Viña, Vikki Janke","doi":"10.1017/s1366728925100448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728925100448","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This longitudinal study examined the cognitive development of Spanish children from monolingual backgrounds attending schools with varying levels of English exposure (13%–83%) to assess whether higher L2 exposure results in advantages over time. 229 children (ages 6–7) completed background (nonverbal reasoning (NVR), working memory (WM), L1 vocabulary, L2 vocabulary) and experimental tests measuring attentional/executive functions (selective attention, divided attention, switching, inhibition) at the beginning and end of year 1 of primary education. Generalized linear mixed-effects models, accounting for factors such as family educational level, onset of L2 exposure and language exposure outside of school, indicated that children’s cognitive skills benefit from (high) L2 exposure at school, with greater L2 exposure being linked to more enhanced attentional/executive skills as well as to a larger L2 vocabulary. These findings support the positive effects of immersion programs, suggesting that L2 exposure in school settings alone can contribute to more developed attentional/executive skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The gestalts of mind and text GoodblattChanitaGlicksohnJoseph, The Gestalts of Mind and Text, Routledge: Oxon, 2022; 188 pp.: ISBN 9780367350710, £130.00 (hbk)","authors":"David West","doi":"10.1177/09639470251377443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09639470251377443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45849,"journal":{"name":"Language and Literature","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}