人文科学最新文献

{"title":"Osteological Analysis of Victims of the Yue Penalty During the Warring States Period (475-221 bce) in Shandong, China","authors":"Ziwei Wen,&nbsp;Daohua Hao,&nbsp;Hao Mei,&nbsp;Xinyue Zou,&nbsp;Hongming Zhou,&nbsp;Baitong Wang,&nbsp;Xinyi Wang,&nbsp;Xiaolu Mao,&nbsp;Jiaxin Tang,&nbsp;Huan Li,&nbsp;Chuan-Chao Wang,&nbsp;Qun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/oa.70170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study focused on two individuals with lower limbs amputated from the Warring States period (475–221 <span>bce</span>) in the Qinglanfu Cemetery in Linzi, Shandong. Through macroscopic observation, measurement, and CT scanning, we found that M871 was a 35 to 39-year-old female whose left tibia and fibula were amputated at the distal end with healed signs, whereas M932 was a male around 35 years old, with both lower limbs amputated at the distal end. The healing conditions show that both individuals survived the amputation. It is inferred that they suffered limb amputation because of the <i>Yue</i> penalty. This study is the only amputation case in the Qi State and the only bilateral lower limb amputation case discovered in China to date, which provides important evidence for exploring the <i>Yue</i> penalty in ancient China and, in particular, insight into the penal system of the Qi state during the Chinese Warring States period.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"36 5","pages":"1304-1310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transition to Wage Labour, in Stone, in North Wales, in Jamaica","authors":"Siân Davies","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtag031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtag031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Completed around 1821, a monument commemorating the enslaver and industrialist Richard Pennant and his wife, Anne Susannah Warburton, elides any mention of the family’s sugar plantations in Jamaica and instead celebrates the Pennants as benevolent modernizers who transformed their Welsh estate and tenants. A material artefact of national history writing, the monument severs this local story from imperial concerns. Yet a comparative study of the transition to wage labour on the family’s properties in North Wales and Jamaica reveals the work the Pennant memorial’s story was doing for both Britain’s local and its imperial labour projects. In North Wales, estate managers confronted labourers’ independence; in post-emancipation Jamaica, plantation authorities similarly faced freed people’s efforts to defend their autonomy. Racial ideology reconciled these parallel histories by constructing Black labourers as uniquely idle, thereby legitimizing restrictive post-emancipation labour regimes while masking coercion within Britain itself. By tracing the circulation of labour ideologies, moral vocabularies, and managerial practices across North Wales and Jamaica, this article challenges historical narratives that separate industrial Britain from slave and post-slave colonies, a tendency epitomized in the Pennant monument, and instead exposes the joint construction of national mythology and imperial rationality.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintaining the Divide: The Legitimate Role for the Public in Health and Science Policymaking","authors":"Joshua J. Kassner","doi":"10.1111/bioe.70154","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many of the most pressing policy choices we face are matters of health and science. How should we prepare for the next global pandemic? How should we manage the disruption and promise of artificial intelligence? How should we address the challenge of climate change? These choices are permeated by intractable disagreement, especially disagreement over the moral and prudential values we rely on to decide. Nonetheless, we must decide. Proceduralism is one of the most widely endorsed answers to the challenge that such normative disagreement presents. The policy choices we face, however, also include descriptive questions. Given the significant difference between these types of questions, the respective roles they ought to play in our collective decision-making, and the fact that their respective answers ought to be measured against different standards of justification and legitimacy, I argue that proceduralism fails as a complete account of legitimate decision-making and offer a more nuanced and epistemically informed account of legitimate decision-making. I conclude by assessing the implications the alternative account has for the role that the public should play in legitimate health and science policy-making, arguing that the public ought to play a central role in making normative decisions, but should be largely excluded from a participatory role in inquiries meant to decide matters of policy-relevant descriptive fact.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"40 9","pages":"986-992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bioe.70154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Bioethicists Can Contribute to Democratic Deliberation","authors":"Ben Saunders","doi":"10.1111/bioe.70168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is sometimes suggested that policymaking on bioethical questions should be more democratic, either through direct popular participation (as in a referendum) or through improved forms of representation (such as random mini-publics or elected officials). Such proposals seem to leave no special place for input from bioethicists. This paper argues that it is not contrary to democracy to give bioethicists additional influence over relevant policy areas. First, while referenda, mini-publics, or electoral representation may be more democratic in some respects, these processes also have limitations, in particular excluding the interests of disenfranchised groups (such as children or future generations). Second, I suggest that it is wrong to think of democracy only in terms of something like the will of the citizens. Democracies usually involve mechanisms to divide power, potentially blocking a majority's will to protect minority rights. Bioethicists may serve this function, particularly when they raise objections on behalf of minorities or disenfranchised groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"40 9","pages":"1017-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bioe.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148946159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Finish Line: Value Co-Creation and Value Co-Destruction in City Marathons From a Spectator Perspective","authors":"Ruowei Zhang,Shuhua Zhou","doi":"10.1177/21674795261498188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261498188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Falconry in Medieval Tver (Russia): Osteoarchaeological and Historical Accounts","authors":"A. V. Zinoviev","doi":"10.1002/oa.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Falconry, a prominent emblem of aristocratic status across medieval Eurasian societies, constituted a refined leisure practice among elite milieus. This investigation examines falconry within the medieval Principality of Tver (12th–15th centuries) through osteoarcheological analysis of Kremlin excavations, identifying diagnostic avian assemblages including gyrfalcons and goshawks, decoy species (buzzards, owls, corvids), provisioning pigeons, and game birds (capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse). No written sources document Tver's falconry practice; evidence rests exclusively on zooarchaeological signatures. Raptors comprise 6.0% of the Kremlin avian assemblage—markedly elevated and spatially confined to elite precincts, almost absent from extramural excavations—indicating institutionalized practice among princely elites. The study fills a critical lacuna in medieval Russian zooarchaeology by providing the first zooarchaeological evidence of falconry in any medieval Russian principality, establishing diagnostic criteria (female-biased raptors, jesses, training corvids, provisioning pigeons) applicable to other understudied sites lacking written documentation. The spatial patterning and cohesive artifactual assemblages reveal how material signatures unveil aristocratic practices invisible in textual records, demonstrating Tver's synthesis of post-Mongol Asian and Western European falconry traditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"36 5","pages":"1274-1283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Youth as Underrepresented Stakeholders in AI-Mediated Health Environments: A Bioethical Analysis of Regulatory Gaps.","authors":"Molly M Serena Gomes, Acadia W Buro","doi":"10.1007/s11673-026-10640-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-026-10640-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into digital media and health information ecosystems-including large language model chatbots, AI-enabled mHealth applications, and algorithmically curated social media-is reshaping how adolescents encounter and interpret health-related content. While regulatory debates emphasize innovation and efficiency, insufficient attention has been paid to youth as stakeholders whose interests and perspectives are rarely represented in AI governance. This article offers a bioethical analysis of federal and state regulatory approaches to AI in the United States, arguing that frameworks insufficiently address adolescents' developmental interests and exposure to algorithmic risk. Adolescents navigate digital health ecosystems shaped by algorithmic curation and inconsistent credibility signals yet have little voice in governance decisions shaping these environments. Drawing on bioethical principles, including respect for developing autonomy, distributive justice, and nonmaleficence, this analysis demonstrates how disclosure-based models place interpretive burdens on users while carrying developmental stakes for adolescents, and how vulnerability emerges relationally from interactions among developmental, technological, and social factors rather than from deficits within young people. These limitations are compounded by gaps in transparency and accountability across AI-generated and commercially influenced health content. Addressing these challenges requires developmentally responsive, equity-oriented governance, including youth-specific AI impact assessments and mechanisms for youth participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should We Use Citizens' Assemblies to Make Health Policy?","authors":"Daniel Hutton Ferris,&nbsp;Johannes Kniess","doi":"10.1111/bioe.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article assesses the normative case for using citizens' assemblies—small deliberative forums of randomly selected citizens—in health policymaking. Although they are increasingly popular, their normative justification remains underexplored. We reconstruct three possible rationales: Norman Daniels's ‘Accountability for Reasonableness’ (A4R) framework; an epistemic argument emphasising the value of outsider perspectives for making more just decisions; and a deliberative democratic argument focused on promoting legitimacy in the bureaucracy. We argue that A4R offers only weak and contingent support for citizens' assemblies. The epistemic argument highlights the value of lay perspectives in identifying epistemic blind spots but lacks clarity on when it outperforms expert knowledge. The deliberative democratic rationale is more compelling in potentially generating some kinds of legitimacy but applies only in a limited range of scenarios. We therefore conclude that the normative case for using citizens' assemblies is not as strong as their popularity in policymaking would lead us to believe.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"40 9","pages":"954-961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bioe.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic Mosaics of Domesticated Pig Exploitation in the Late Neolithic Lower Yangtze River From a Stable Isotope Perspective","authors":"Chen Deng,&nbsp;Boya Yu,&nbsp;Jie Lou,&nbsp;Guoping Sun,&nbsp;Hui Peng,&nbsp;Yi Guo","doi":"10.1002/oa.70156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70156","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pig domestication represents a pivotal development in Holocene human societies, and domesticated pig exploitation, in particular, has attracted widespread discussions. The lower Yangtze River region is recognized as one of the significant centers for the earliest domestication and use of domesticated pigs in China. However, the regional trajectory of domesticated pig exploitation during the late Neolithic period in this region remains unclear. In this case study, we utilized stable isotope evidence from pig bones recovered at the Jiangjiashan and Weidun sites during the late Majiabang culture in the Taihu Lake region and the Tianluoshan site of Hemudu culture in the Ningshao Plain. Our study reveals that pig δ¹⁵N values at each of the three sites exhibit a wide range of variation, indicating differences in their food sources. When combined with the zooarchaeological evidence, this phenomenon is suggested to be associated with the emergence of domestic pig management. Through systematic analysis of pig diets in the late Neolithic lower Yangtze River region, contrasting diachronic shifts in pig diets are exhibited between Tiahu Lake region and Ningshao Plain. In the Taihu Lake region, a diachronic shift from a wild boar foraging ecology to intensified human feeding management is evidenced by a significant increase in mean δ¹⁵N values and an initial expansion followed by a contraction in δ¹⁵N value variability from the early Majiabang to the Songze period, indicating the emergence and progressive management of domestic pigs through increased provisioning of human food waste. In contrast, pigs on the Ningshao Plain during the Hemudu culture (Phases I–III) exhibited no significant diachronic changes in dietary structure, as evidenced by stable mean δ¹⁵N values along with a progressively narrowing δ¹⁵N range, indicating that human management of pig feeding was not intensified over time. Combining zooarchaeological and isotopic evidence, a geographic mosaic pattern of domesticated pig exploitation among different regions is revealed for the late Neolithic period of the lower Yangtze region. A diachronic intensification of domesticated pig exploitation is observed in the Taihu Lake area during the Majiabang and Songze culture periods (7000–5300 <span>bp</span>), whereas such a trend is absent in the Ningshao Plain within the Hemudu culture Phases I–III (7000–5700 <span>bp</span>). We propose that these divergent pathways resulted from the interplay of local environmental conditions, agricultural development, and demographic pressure.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"36 5","pages":"1153-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic Diversity and Fishing Practices at Tell Tayinat (Türkiye) in the Iron Age","authors":"Radovan Kabatiar","doi":"10.1002/oa.70162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While agrarian societies of the Iron Age Eastern Mediterranean relied predominantly on crops and herding of domestic stock for subsistence, local wild aquatic fauna offered a welcomed enrichment, and when opportunities occurred, it could have been a staple in the human diet. The preliminary results of the analysis of fish remains from Tell Tayinat (Türkiye) from the Iron Age (1200–600 <span>bce</span>) show that both freshwater and marine fish were consumed, although freshwater species prevailed. At the current stage of research, the local North African catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>) appears to be the most frequently harvested fish species in all phases of the Iron Age occupation, followed by members of the Cyprinidae family. The early results indicate that the body size of catfish might have diminished in the later Iron Age, although the outcome could have been affected by the limited sample size. The study further examines historical records and modern ichthyological surveys from the region to determine the extent of changes to taxonomic diversity, which resulted from possible extinctions and the introduction of non-native species. The fish taxa identified in this Iron Age sample match the taxa listed in historical records and modern surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"36 5","pages":"1284-1294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.70162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}