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Churches as Social Insurance: Oil Risk and Religion in the U.S. South 教会作为社会保险:美国南部的石油风险与宗教
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050723000268
Andreas Ferrara, Patrick A. Testa
{"title":"Churches as Social Insurance: Oil Risk and Religion in the U.S. South","authors":"Andreas Ferrara, Patrick A. Testa","doi":"10.1017/s0022050723000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050723000268","url":null,"abstract":"Religious communities are important providers of social insurance. We show that risk associated with <jats:italic>oil dependence</jats:italic> facilitated the proliferation of religious communities throughout the U.S. South during the twentieth century. Known oil abundance predicts higher rates of church membership, which are not driven by selective migration or local economic development. Consistent with a social insurance channel, greater oil price volatility increases effects, while greater access to credit, state-level social insurance, and private insurance crowd out effects. Religious communities limit spillovers of oil price shocks across sectors, reducing increases in unemployment following a negative shock by about 30 percent.","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
We Do Not Know the Population of Every Country in the World for the Past Two Thousand Years 我们不知道过去两千年世界上每个国家的人口
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050723000293
Timothy W. Guinnane
{"title":"We Do Not Know the Population of Every Country in the World for the Past Two Thousand Years","authors":"Timothy W. Guinnane","doi":"10.1017/s0022050723000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050723000293","url":null,"abstract":"Economists have reported results based on populations for every country in the world for the past two thousand years. The source, McEvedy and Jones’ <jats:italic>Atlas of World Population History</jats:italic>, includes many estimates that are little more than guesses and that do not reflect research since 1978. McEvedy and Jones often infer population sizes from their view of a particular economy, making their estimates poor proxies for economic growth. Their rounding means their measurement error is not “classical.” Some economists augment that error by disaggregating regions in unfounded ways. Econometric results that rest on McEvedy and Jones are unreliable.“… we haven’t just pulled the figures out of the sky. Well, not often.”—McEvedy and Jones (1978, p. 11)","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
British-French Technology Transfer from the Revolution to Louis Philippe (1791–1844): Evidence from Patent Data 从大革命到路易·菲利普(1791-1844)的英法技术转移:来自专利数据的证据
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050723000232
Alessandro Nuvolari, Gaspare Tortorici, Michelangelo Vasta
{"title":"British-French Technology Transfer from the Revolution to Louis Philippe (1791–1844): Evidence from Patent Data","authors":"Alessandro Nuvolari, Gaspare Tortorici, Michelangelo Vasta","doi":"10.1017/s0022050723000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050723000232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the patterns of technology transfer from Britain to France during the early phases of industrializing using a dataset comprising all patents granted in France in the period 1791–1844. Exploiting the peculiarities of French legislation, we construct an array of patent quality indicators and investigate their determinants. We find that patents filed by British inventors or French inventors with personal connections to British inventors were of relatively higher quality. Overall, our results show that the French innovation system was capable of attracting and effectively absorbing key technologies from Britain.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"31 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Reconstruction Aid, Public Infrastructure, and Economic Development: The Case of the Marshall Plan in Italy 重建援助、公共基础设施与经济发展:以意大利马歇尔计划为例
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050723000128
Nicola Bianchi, Michela Giorcelli
{"title":"Reconstruction Aid, Public Infrastructure, and Economic Development: The Case of the Marshall Plan in Italy","authors":"Nicola Bianchi, Michela Giorcelli","doi":"10.1017/s0022050723000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050723000128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Marshall Plan (1948–1952) was the largest aid transfer in history. This paper estimates its effects on Italy’s postwar economic development. It exploits differences between Italian provinces in the value of reconstruction grants they received. Provinces that could modernize their infrastructure more quickly experienced higher increases in agricultural production, especially for perishable crops. In the same provinces, we observe larger investments in labor-saving machines, the entry of more firms into the industrial sector, and a larger expansion of the industrial and service workforces.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of Business Cycle Conditions on Firm Dynamics and Composition 经济周期条件对企业动态和构成的影响
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050723000086
Cihan Artunç
{"title":"The Impact of Business Cycle Conditions on Firm Dynamics and Composition","authors":"Cihan Artunç","doi":"10.1017/s0022050723000086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050723000086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper estimates the causal impact of short-term aggregate fluctuations in Egypt, 1911–48, using global cotton price shocks. Firm entry was procyclical, and exit was acyclical. There were persistent differences between cohorts over the cycle; expansionary cohorts were of lower quality. The evidence supports models of firm entry with ex-ante heterogeneity. The findings highlight the extensive margin of entry as the primary adjustment mechanism. As a result, recessions had a strong “isolation” effect. This nature of firm entry amplified and propagated temporary price shocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"63 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Whitelashing: Black Politicians, Taxes, and Violence 白人捆绑:黑人政客、税收和暴力
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050723000050
Trevon D. Logan
{"title":"Whitelashing: Black Politicians, Taxes, and Violence","authors":"Trevon D. Logan","doi":"10.1017/s0022050723000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050723000050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper provides the first evidence of the effect of tax policy on violent attacks against Black politicians. I find a positive effect of local tax revenue on subsequent violence against Black politicians. A dollar increase in per capita county taxes in 1870 increased the likelihood of a violent attack by more than 25 percent. The result is robust to controls for numerous economic, historical, and political factors. I also find counties where Black officeholders were attacked have the largest tax reversions. This provides the first quantitative evidence that Reconstruction political violence was specifically related to Black political efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"63 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Political Dynasties in Defense of Democracy: The Case of France’s 1940 Enabling Act 捍卫民主的政治王朝:以法国1940年授权法案为例
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050723000104
Jean Lacroix, Pierre-Guillaume Méon, Kim Oosterlinck
{"title":"Political Dynasties in Defense of Democracy: The Case of France’s 1940 Enabling Act","authors":"Jean Lacroix, Pierre-Guillaume Méon, Kim Oosterlinck","doi":"10.1017/s0022050723000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050723000104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The literature has pointed out the negative aspects of political dynasties. But can political dynasties help prevent autocratic reversals? We argue that political dynasties differ according to their ideological origin and that those whose founder was a defender of democratic ideals, for simplicity labeled “pro-democratic dynasties,” show stronger support for democracy. We analyze the vote by the French parliament on 10 July 1940 of an enabling act that granted full power to Marshall Philippe Pétain, thereby ending the Third French Republic and aligning France with Nazi Germany. Using data collected from the biographies of parliamentarians and information on their voting behavior, we find that members of a pro-democratic dynasty were 9.6 to 15.1 percentage points more likely to oppose the act than other parliamentarians. We report evidence that socialization inside and outside parliament shaped the vote of parliamentarians.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"63 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Institutional Change and Property Rights before the Industrial Revolution: The Case of the English Court of Wards and Liveries, 1540–1660 工业革命前的制度变迁与产权:以1540年至1660年的英国监护法院为例
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000493
Sean Bottomley
{"title":"Institutional Change and Property Rights before the Industrial Revolution: The Case of the English Court of Wards and Liveries, 1540–1660","authors":"Sean Bottomley","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000493","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Secure property rights are usually considered to be essential for sustained economic development. In England, it is debated whether property rights have been secure since the medieval period or if they were only established after the Glorious Revolution. In this context, the paper examines the Court of Wards, which from 1540 to 1646 administered the Crown’s right to take custody of children and their lands when these were held by feudal-military tenures. The paper shows that wardship was a common occurrence, its exactions arbitrary but often heavy, and that it reduced the value of lands held by these tenures.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Migrant Self-Selection and Random Shocks: Evidence from the Panic of 1907 移民自我选择与随机冲击:来自1907年恐慌的证据
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000535
David Escamilla-Guerrero, Moramay López-Alonso
{"title":"Migrant Self-Selection and Random Shocks: Evidence from the Panic of 1907","authors":"David Escamilla-Guerrero, Moramay López-Alonso","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000535","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the impact of the 1907 Panic, the most severe economic crisis before the Great Depression, on the selection of Mexican immigration. We find that migrants were positively selected on height before the crisis. This pattern changed to negative selection during the crisis but returned to positive selection afterward. Adjustments in selection were partially mediated by the <span>enganche</span>, a historical labor-recruiting system that reduced migration costs but only for taller laborers with above-average earnings potential. We document that labor recruiting contributed to maintaining the relatively constant height profile of the migration flow in the short run.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Pandemics Depress the Economy, Public Health Interventions Do Not: Evidence from the 1918 Flu 大流行抑制经济，公共卫生干预不会:来自1918年流感的证据
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000407
Sergio Correia, Stephan Luck, Emil Verner
{"title":"Pandemics Depress the Economy, Public Health Interventions Do Not: Evidence from the 1918 Flu","authors":"Sergio Correia, Stephan Luck, Emil Verner","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000407","url":null,"abstract":"We study the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on mortality and economic activity across U.S. cities during the 1918 Flu Pandemic. The combination of fast and stringent NPIs reduced peak mortality by 50 percent and cumulative excess mortality by 24 to 34 percent. However, while the pandemic itself was associated with short-run economic disruptions, we find that these disruptions were similar across cities with strict and lenient NPIs. NPIs also did not worsen medium-run economic outcomes. Our findings indicate that NPIs can reduce disease transmission without further depressing economic activity, a finding also reflected in discussions in contemporary newspapers.","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 444
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