Journal of the History of Biology最新文献

Hey Hey We’re the Monkeys! An Essay Review of Gowan Dawson’s Monkey to Man 嘿嘿，我们是猴子！Gowan Dawson 的《从猴子到人》论文评论

IF 0.8 1区哲学

Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09786-4

Greg Priest

引用次数: 0

Recapitulation, Heredity, and Freud's View of Human Nature. 复述、遗传和弗洛伊德的人性观。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09784-6

Jonah Branding

{"title":"Recapitulation, Heredity, and Freud's View of Human Nature.","authors":"Jonah Branding","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09784-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-024-09784-6","url":null,"abstract":"There's something strange about Freud's Civilization and its Discontents (1930). Biologically, Freud was a Neo-Lamarckian, who believed in both the modification of organisms through need and the inheritance of acquired characteristics. However, in Civilization, Freud argued that because human nature is immutable, society has dim odds of improving substantially. Lamarckians, of course, rejected that any species-nature is immutable, as species can always be transformed via the inheritance of acquired characteristics. In fact, many of Freud's Viennese contemporaries-such as Wilhelm Reich, Julius Tandler, and Paul Kammerer-took their Lamarckism to license precisely the sorts of radical social projects Freud deemed impossible. Thus the Freud of Civilization helped himself to a rigid view of human nature which, given his associated biological views, he seemingly ought to have rejected. In this paper, I explain this apparent inconsistency, and suggest Freud resolved it in the following way: Freud was not merely a Lamarckian, but also a strong and peculiar kind of recapitulationist, who believed stages of psychological development both recapitulate phylogeny, and \"remain with us\" throughout both individual lives and future species-history. I suggest Freud's recapitulationism supposed a certain inertia: what occurred in phylogenetic history cannot un-occur, and therefore there are aspects of our nature which we cannot un-acquire. In this way, Freud reached a rigid conception of human nature despite his Lamarckism.","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Phenograms and Cladograms Became Molecular Phylogenetic Trees. 表型图和支系图是如何成为分子系统树的

IF 0.7 1区哲学

Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09782-8

Nina Kranke

{"title":"How Phenograms and Cladograms Became Molecular Phylogenetic Trees.","authors":"Nina Kranke","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09782-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-024-09782-8","url":null,"abstract":"Tree diagrams are the prevailing form of visualization in biological classification and phylogenetics. Already during the time of the so-called Systematist Wars from the mid-1960s until the 1980s most journal articles and textbooks published by systematists contained tree diagrams. Although this episode of systematics is well studied by historians and philosophers of biology, most analyses prioritize scientific theories over practices and tend to emphasize conflicting theoretical assumptions. In this article, I offer an alternative perspective by viewing the conflict through the lens of representational practices with a case study on tree diagrams that were used by numerical taxonomists (phenograms) and cladists (cladograms). I argue that the current state of molecular phylogenetics should not be interpreted as the result of a competition of views within systematics. Instead, molecular phylogenetics arose independently of systematics and elements of cladistics and phenetics were integrated into the framework of molecular phylogenetics, facilitated by the compatibility of phenetic and cladistic practices with the quantitative approach of molecular phylogenetics. My study suggests that this episode of scientific change is more complex than common narratives of battles and winners or conflicts and compromises. Today, cladograms are still used and interpreted as specific types of molecular phylogenetic trees. While phenograms and cladograms represented different forms of knowledge during the time of the Systematist Wars, today they are both used to represent evolutionary relationships. This indicates that diagrams are versatile elements of scientific practice that can change their meaning, depending on the context of use within theoretical frameworks.","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"The Logic of Monsters:" Pere Alberch and the Evolutionary Significance of Experimental Teratology. "怪物的逻辑："佩雷-阿尔贝奇和实验畸胎学的进化意义。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09783-7

Juanma Sánchez Arteaga

{"title":"\"The Logic of Monsters:\" Pere Alberch and the Evolutionary Significance of Experimental Teratology.","authors":"Juanma Sánchez Arteaga","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09783-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-024-09783-7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers an historical introduction to Pere Alberch's evolutionary thought and his contributions to Evo-Devo, based on his unique approach to experimental teratology. We will take as our point of reference the teratogenic experiments developed by Alberch and Emily A. Gale during the 1980s, aimed at producing monstrous variants of frogs and salamanders. We will analyze his interpretation of the results of these experiments within the framework of the emergence of evolutionary developmental biology (or \"Evo-Devo\"). The aim is understand how Alberch interpreted teratological anomalies as highly revealing objects of study for understanding the development of organic form, not only in an ontogenetic sense-throughout embryonic development-but also phylogenetically-throughout the evolution of species. Alberch's interpretation of monsters reflects the influence of a long tradition of non-Darwinian evolutionary thought, which began in the nineteenth century and was continued in the twentieth century by people such as Richard Goldschmidt, Conrad H. Waddington, and Stephen Jay Gould. They all proposed various non-gradualist models of evolution, in which embryonic development played a central role. Following this tradition, Alberch argued that, in order to attain a correct understanding of the role of embryological development in evolution, it was necessary to renounce the gradualist paradigm associated with the Darwinian interpretation of evolution, which understood nature as a continuum. According to Alberch, the study of monstrous abnormalities was of great value in understanding how certain epigenetic restrictions in development could give rise to discontinuities and directionality in morphological transformations throughout evolution.","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Pray Observe How Time Slips By:" Collaborators, Assistants, and the Background Dynamics in the Publication of Darwin's Cirripedia Project. "请观察时间是如何流逝的："达尔文 Cirripedia 项目出版过程中的合作者、助手和背景动态。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09781-9

Bruno Alves Valverde, Cristina de Campos

{"title":"\"Pray Observe How Time Slips By:\" Collaborators, Assistants, and the Background Dynamics in the Publication of Darwin's Cirripedia Project.","authors":"Bruno Alves Valverde, Cristina de Campos","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09781-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-024-09781-9","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates nineteenth century natural history practices through the lens of the Actor-Network Theory, which posits that scientific practice is shaped by an intricate network of interactions between human and non-human actors. At the core of this research is the analysis of correspondence between Charles Darwin and his collaborators during the Cirripedia Project, which unveils a complex landscape of negotiations with illustrators, funders, specimen owners, and translators, among other stakeholders and interested parties. The study goes beyond the final outcomes of scientific research, delving into behind-the-scenes interactions, and hidden constructions, shedding light on the complex dynamics and actors that conventional scientific narratives often overlook. In general, this approach provides a detailed and insightful view of the underlying processes of nineteenth-century scientific practice, underscoring the importance of epistolary correspondence as a central element in producing scientific knowledge at the time, and in particular it reveals to us how much Darwin was himself involved in the production of his famous work on barnacles. By emphasizing the intricacies of research, this study enriches our understanding of Darwin's work as well as natural history practices in the 19th century, highlighting the complexity and diversity of actors and agents involved in shaping scientific knowledge.","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Schema and Organization of the Cell: An Introduction to Ernst Brücke's Die Elementarorganismen (1861). 细胞的结构和组织：恩斯特-布吕克的《元素有机体》（1861 年）导论。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09774-8

Daniel Liu

{"title":"The Schema and Organization of the Cell: An Introduction to Ernst Brücke's Die Elementarorganismen (1861).","authors":"Daniel Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09774-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10739-024-09774-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ernst Brücke's 1861 essay Die Elementarorganismen has often been cited as a watershed in the history of physiology as well as in the history of cell theory. In its time it was widely read as a reform of animal cell theory, shifting the concept of the cell away from Schleiden and Schwann's original cell schema of a membranous vesicle with a nucleus, and towards the protoplasm theory that had developed in botany, centered on the cell's living contents. It was also notorious for its arguments against the necessity of both the nucleus and the cell membrane. An English translation of \"The Elementary Organisms\" is presented for the first time in this journal issue, with annotations and illustrations, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-024-09773-9 . Brücke's essay was not only an intervention into cell theory: historians can read it as a continuation of debates on the nature of the organism and theories of organization, and as an epistemological meditation on the microscope. In addition, although Brücke was known as a founder of the Berlin school of organic physics, \"The Elementary Organisms\" shows how he combined an avant-garde physicalist physiology with a much older tradition of comparative anatomy and physiology. The following introductory essay will provide a scientific biography of Ernst Brücke up to 1863, with background on debates on biological organization, cell theory, and muscle histology.","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11341682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

William Lawrence Tower's Beetles: Experimental Evolution and the Manipulation of Inheritance. 威廉-劳伦斯-塔的《甲虫》：实验性进化和遗传操纵。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09771-x

Eric J Richards

{"title":"William Lawrence Tower's Beetles: Experimental Evolution and the Manipulation of Inheritance.","authors":"Eric J Richards","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09771-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10739-024-09771-x","url":null,"abstract":"William Lawrence Tower's work on the evolution of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), documenting the environmental induction of mutation and speciation, made him a leading figure in experimental genetics during the first decade of the 20th century. His research program served as a model for other experimental evolution studies seeking to demonstrate the environmental modification of inheritance. Tower enjoyed the support of influential figures in the field, despite well-known problems that plagued Tower's earlier academic career. The validity of his genetic work, and other findings reported by Tower, were later challenged. The Tower affair illustrates how questionable and possibly fraudulent scientific practices can be tolerated to explore certain experimental directions and theoretical frameworks, particularly at the frontier of expanding disciplines. When needed, those explorations can be forestalled or extinguished by exploiting conspicuous vulnerabilities of rogue practitioners. In Tower's case, both unrefuted allegations of scientific misconduct and personal problems dissolved his institutional support, leading to a swift ouster from academic science. Tower's downfall discredited soft inheritance and neo-Lamarckian conceptions in the field of experimental genetics, facilitating the discipline's embrace of a hard inheritance model that featured a hereditary material resistant to environmental modification.","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Elementary Organisms. 初级生物

IF 0.7 1区哲学

Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09773-9

Ernst Brücke, Daniel Liu

引用次数: 0

Species Choice and Model Use: Reviving Research on Human Development. 物种选择与模型使用：振兴人类发展研究

IF 0.7 1区哲学

Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09775-7

Nick Hopwood

{"title":"Species Choice and Model Use: Reviving Research on Human Development.","authors":"Nick Hopwood","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09775-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10739-024-09775-7","url":null,"abstract":"While model organisms have had many historians, this article places studies of humans, and particularly our development, in the politics of species choice. Human embryos, investigated directly rather than via animal surrogates, have gone through cycles of attention and neglect. In the past 60 years they moved from the sidelines to center stage. Research was resuscitated in anatomy, launched in reproductive biomedicine, molecular genetics, and stem-cell science, and made attractive in developmental biology. I explain this surge of interest in terms of rivalry with models and reliance on them. The greater involvement of medicine in human reproduction, especially through in vitro fertilization, gave access to fresh sources of material that fed critiques of extrapolation from mice and met demands for clinical relevance or \"translation.\" Yet much of the revival depended on models. Supply infrastructures and digital standards, including biobanks and virtual atlases, emulated community resources for model organisms. Novel culture, imaging, molecular, and postgenomic methods were perfected on less precious samples. Toing and froing from the mouse affirmed the necessity of the exemplary mammal and its insufficiency justified inquiries into humans. Another kind of model-organoids and embryo-like structures derived from stem cells-enabled experiments that encouraged the organization of a new field, human developmental biology. Research on humans has competed with and counted on models.","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11341657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invasion on So Grand a Scale: Darwin, Lyell, and Invasive Species. 规模宏大的入侵：达尔文、莱尔与入侵物种》。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09772-w

Eric Burns Anderson

引用次数: 0