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The Elementary Organisms. 初级生物
IF 0.7 1区 哲学
Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09773-9
Ernst Brücke, Daniel Liu
{"title":"The Elementary Organisms.","authors":"Ernst Brücke, Daniel Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09773-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10739-024-09773-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1861 the physiologist Ernst Brücke (1819-1892) published \"The Elementary Organisms,\" calling for a major reform of the definition of the animal cell. An English translation of Brücke's essay is presented here for the first time. In this translation the numbered footnotes 1-9 are Brücke's own; alphabetical endnotes A-HH are my own annotations, with additional references to works cited by Brücke. Figures referenced by Brücke but not included in his original essay are also provided. I have also presented an introductory essay to my translation that provides background on Brücke and his arguments: \"The Schema and Organization of the Cell,\" https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-024-09774-8 , in this same issue of the Journal of the History of Biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":" ","pages":"305-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11341679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
William Lawrence Tower's Beetles: Experimental Evolution and the Manipulation of Inheritance. 威廉-劳伦斯-塔的《甲虫》：实验性进化和遗传操纵。
IF 0.7 1区 哲学
Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09771-x
Eric J Richards
{"title":"William Lawrence Tower's Beetles: Experimental Evolution and the Manipulation of Inheritance.","authors":"Eric J Richards","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09771-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10739-024-09771-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>William Lawrence Tower's work on the evolution of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), documenting the environmental induction of mutation and speciation, made him a leading figure in experimental genetics during the first decade of the 20th century. His research program served as a model for other experimental evolution studies seeking to demonstrate the environmental modification of inheritance. Tower enjoyed the support of influential figures in the field, despite well-known problems that plagued Tower's earlier academic career. The validity of his genetic work, and other findings reported by Tower, were later challenged. The Tower affair illustrates how questionable and possibly fraudulent scientific practices can be tolerated to explore certain experimental directions and theoretical frameworks, particularly at the frontier of expanding disciplines. When needed, those explorations can be forestalled or extinguished by exploiting conspicuous vulnerabilities of rogue practitioners. In Tower's case, both unrefuted allegations of scientific misconduct and personal problems dissolved his institutional support, leading to a swift ouster from academic science. Tower's downfall discredited soft inheritance and neo-Lamarckian conceptions in the field of experimental genetics, facilitating the discipline's embrace of a hard inheritance model that featured a hereditary material resistant to environmental modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":" ","pages":"173-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Species Choice and Model Use: Reviving Research on Human Development. 物种选择与模型使用：振兴人类发展研究
IF 0.7 1区 哲学
Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09775-7
Nick Hopwood
{"title":"Species Choice and Model Use: Reviving Research on Human Development.","authors":"Nick Hopwood","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09775-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10739-024-09775-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While model organisms have had many historians, this article places studies of humans, and particularly our development, in the politics of species choice. Human embryos, investigated directly rather than via animal surrogates, have gone through cycles of attention and neglect. In the past 60 years they moved from the sidelines to center stage. Research was resuscitated in anatomy, launched in reproductive biomedicine, molecular genetics, and stem-cell science, and made attractive in developmental biology. I explain this surge of interest in terms of rivalry with models and reliance on them. The greater involvement of medicine in human reproduction, especially through in vitro fertilization, gave access to fresh sources of material that fed critiques of extrapolation from mice and met demands for clinical relevance or \"translation.\" Yet much of the revival depended on models. Supply infrastructures and digital standards, including biobanks and virtual atlases, emulated community resources for model organisms. Novel culture, imaging, molecular, and postgenomic methods were perfected on less precious samples. Toing and froing from the mouse affirmed the necessity of the exemplary mammal and its insufficiency justified inquiries into humans. Another kind of model-organoids and embryo-like structures derived from stem cells-enabled experiments that encouraged the organization of a new field, human developmental biology. Research on humans has competed with and counted on models.</p>","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":" ","pages":"231-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11341657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Havelock Ellis, Sexology, and Sexual Selection in Post-Darwinian Evolutionary Biology. 后达尔文进化生物学中的哈维洛克-埃利斯、性学和性选择。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学
Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09760-0
Rodolfo John Alaniz
{"title":"Havelock Ellis, Sexology, and Sexual Selection in Post-Darwinian Evolutionary Biology.","authors":"Rodolfo John Alaniz","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09760-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10739-024-09760-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study situates Henry Havelock Ellis's sexological research within the nineteenth-century evolutionary debates, especially the discussion over sexual selection's applicability to humanity. For example, Ellis's monograph on sexual behavior, Sexual Inversion (1897), treated inborn homosexuality as a natural variation of evolutionary mechanisms. This book was situated within a longer study of human sexuality in relation to evolutionary selection. His later works dealt even more directly with Charles Darwin's concept of selection, such as Sexual Selection in Man (1905). Through Sexual Selection in Man, Ellis asserted that sexual attraction stemmed from a physical cause rather than an innate aesthetic sense. I argue that Ellis's best-known historical publications, including his work on sexual inversion, were intended to intervene in the contemporary evolutionary debates. This analysis also identifies a specific point where evolutionary theory informed the foundation of sexology as a scientific discipline.</p>","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":" ","pages":"89-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Studying Regeneration Through History as a Way of Looking Forward. 通过历史研究再生，以此展望未来。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学
Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09769-5
Kate MacCord, Jane Maienschein
{"title":"Studying Regeneration Through History as a Way of Looking Forward.","authors":"Kate MacCord, Jane Maienschein","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09769-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10739-024-09769-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11111514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"At a Glance:" The Role of Diagrammatic Representations in Eugenics Appropriations of the "Infamous Juke Family". "一目了然："图解在 "臭名昭著的朱克家族 "优生学应用中的作用》。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学
Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-023-09755-3
Andrea Ceccon
{"title":"\"At a Glance:\" The Role of Diagrammatic Representations in Eugenics Appropriations of the \"Infamous Juke Family\".","authors":"Andrea Ceccon","doi":"10.1007/s10739-023-09755-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10739-023-09755-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The case of the Juke family is one of the most notable episodes of the history of eugenics in the USA. The Jukes were initially brought to the fore in the 1870s by a famous investigation that aimed at estimating the interplay of heredity and environment in determining the problems of poverty and crime. This inquiry triggered a harsh confrontation between two polar interpretations of the study, an \"environmentalist\" one and a \"hereditarian\" one. It was with the later reassessment of the case made by the Eugenics American Office (ERO) in the 1910s that the controversy was considered closed with the victory of the eugenicists' hereditarian stance. As a result, the family was made a living proof of the alleged hereditary nature of crime and pauperism and a case study in support of the eugenicists' plea for the sterilization of people deemed the bearers of hereditary defectiveness. In this article, I explore the role played by pedigrees and other diagrammatic representations in the eugenicists' appropriation of the meaning of the case of the Juke family and the role played by this appropriation in asserting the superiority of the ERO's method of work over rival approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":" ","pages":"51-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11111576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139724850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial. 社论
IF 0.8 1区 哲学
Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09768-6
Nicolas Rasmussen, Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis
{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Nicolas Rasmussen, Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09768-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10739-024-09768-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":" ","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Miguel García-Sancho and James Lowe, A History of Genomics Across Species, Communities, and Projects, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023, ISBN: 9783031061295, 380 pp. Miguel García-Sancho 和 James Lowe，《跨越物种、群落和项目的基因组学史》，伦敦：Palgrave Macmillan, 2023, ISBN: 9783031061295, 380 pp.
IF 0.8 1区 哲学
Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09764-w
Hallam Stevens
{"title":"Miguel García-Sancho and James Lowe, A History of Genomics Across Species, Communities, and Projects, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023, ISBN: 9783031061295, 380 pp.","authors":"Hallam Stevens","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09764-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-024-09764-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mary Anne Andrei, Nature's Mirror: How Taxidermists Shaped America's Natural History Museums and Saved Endangered Species, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020, ISBN: 9780226730318, 250 pp. 玛丽-安妮-安德烈，《自然之镜》：标本剥制师如何塑造美国自然历史博物馆并拯救濒危物种》，芝加哥：芝加哥大学出版社，2020 年，国际标准书号：9780226730318，250 页。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学
Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09762-y
Mark V Barrow
{"title":"Mary Anne Andrei, Nature's Mirror: How Taxidermists Shaped America's Natural History Museums and Saved Endangered Species, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020, ISBN: 9780226730318, 250 pp.","authors":"Mark V Barrow","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09762-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-024-09762-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sharon E. Kingsland, A Lab for All Seasons: The Laboratory Revolution in Modern Botany and the Rise of Physiological Plant Ecology, 2023, New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN: 9780300267228, 385 pp. Sharon E. Kingsland，《四季皆宜的实验室》：现代植物学的实验室革命与植物生理学生态学的兴起》，2023 年，纽黑文：耶鲁大学出版社，ISBN：9780300267228，385 页。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学
Journal of the History of Biology Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-024-09765-9
Joel B Hagen
{"title":"Sharon E. Kingsland, A Lab for All Seasons: The Laboratory Revolution in Modern Botany and the Rise of Physiological Plant Ecology, 2023, New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN: 9780300267228, 385 pp.","authors":"Joel B Hagen","doi":"10.1007/s10739-024-09765-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-024-09765-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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