Enterprise & Society最新文献

Industrial Policy and its Funding at the Frontier of European Integration: Lessons from the Past and Present Challenges 欧洲一体化前沿的产业政策及其资金来源：过去的教训和当前的挑战

IF 1 2区历史学

Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1017/eso.2024.20

Daniela Felisini, Paolo Paesani

引用次数: 0

Paper Steaks: Live Cattle Futures Markets and the Financial Revolution of 1964 纸牛排活牛期货市场与 1964 年的金融革命

IF 1 2区历史学

Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1017/eso.2024.16

Tim Paulson

{"title":"Paper Steaks: Live Cattle Futures Markets and the Financial Revolution of 1964","authors":"Tim Paulson","doi":"10.1017/eso.2024.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2024.16","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that live cattle futures, launched in 1964 in Chicago, were revolutionary for professional economics, the derivatives industry, and the beef cattle industry because cattle were the first successful “non-storable” derivatives. Since the late nineteenth century, the ability of derivatives to provide financial services to risk-averse farmers rested on the assumption that futures were interchangeable with physical commodities in storage. Live cattle futures upset theories and norms, which enabled experiments in increasingly abstract forms of speculation and tremendous growth in the derivatives industry. Economists, exchange leaders, and commodity producers cooperated to make live cattle futures work, but they all understood and felt their impacts differently. The article applies market performativity theory to better understand how financial instruments and markets became first less and later more physically abstract over time. The article reveals that the changing materiality of derivatives also led to changes in the social purpose of speculative finance. Sources include published economics articles, conference proceedings, congressional hearings, historical newspapers, and archival records from the derivatives and cattle industries.","PeriodicalId":45977,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise & Society","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Forecasts in Planning for Energy Infrastructure: A Historical Look at Past Futures in Postwar Quebec 预测在能源基础设施规划中的作用：战后魁北克过去未来的历史回顾

IF 1 2区历史学

Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1017/eso.2024.10

Clarence Hatton-Proulx

{"title":"The Role of Forecasts in Planning for Energy Infrastructure: A Historical Look at Past Futures in Postwar Quebec","authors":"Clarence Hatton-Proulx","doi":"10.1017/eso.2024.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2024.10","url":null,"abstract":"Forecasts play a central role in the development of energy infrastructure. Since building energy infrastructure is long and costly, energy system planners try to anticipate future demand to avoid both shortages and overcapacity. But energy demand forecasts aren’t neutral: they represent a certain vision of the future that forecasters hope to bring into being. This article uses a historical case study to open the black box of forecasting and the world it contains. It studies electricity demand forecasts made by Hydro-Québec, one of the biggest industrial firms in North America, from the 1960s to the 1980s. Based on linear extrapolation models forecasting exponential demand and endless growth, the state-owned firm embarked on huge hydroelectric megaprojects with deep consequences on the environment and Indigenous lands. The energy crisis of the 1970s, by disturbing energy systems, led to criticism from the provincial government and civil society towards Hydro-Québec’s bullish forecasts that justified its expansionist agenda. This uncertain context favored other methods of predicting the future, like scenario analysis, and brought scrutiny towards the hydroelectric powerhouse’s business. At the crossroads of business history, energy history, and science and technology studies, the article argues that energy forecasts are used by actors like energy suppliers and governments to produce and project power relations onto the future. They become performative when powerful interests coalesce around their vision of the future to implement it.","PeriodicalId":45977,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise & Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140881498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Killing Complaints with Courtesy”: The Role of Relationship Building in the Success of the Early U.S. Central Power Stations (1890–1938) "以礼消怨"：关系建设在美国早期中央发电站成功中的作用（1890-1938 年）

IF 1 2区历史学

Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/eso.2024.11

Veronica Jacome

{"title":"“Killing Complaints with Courtesy”: The Role of Relationship Building in the Success of the Early U.S. Central Power Stations (1890–1938)","authors":"Veronica Jacome","doi":"10.1017/eso.2024.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2024.11","url":null,"abstract":"Histories of electrification revolve around networks of power developed by “system builders.” These histories, though immensely important, explain the progress of electrification from the perspective of institutions or individuals, rather than through everyday relationships. While the industry pushed the idea that electricity was an obvious must-have for urbanites, vast resources in the 1920s and 1930s went toward cultivating “courteous” relationships among meter readers, electricians, repairmen, billing clerks, and customers. These relationships were pivotal to electrification, especially with complaints about high bills, malfunctioning meters, and “inadequate” wiring, which led to customer curtailment and threatened the prosperity of central power stations. This article expands the notion of who counts as critical actors in the success of electric grids and counters contemporary claims: namely, that grids fail because of bad consumer behavior. By emphasizing the role of everyday relationship-building in the evolution of electric utilities, this study contributes to a history of electricity that examines invisible and mundane networks to expose the relations beneath the grid.","PeriodicalId":45977,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise & Society","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wartime segmentation: Class, gender, and nation in the marketing of consumers, Sweden 1939–1945 战时细分：消费者营销中的阶级、性别和民族，瑞典 1939-1945 年

IF 1 2区历史学

Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1017/eso.2024.7

Klara Arnberg, Jim Hagström

引用次数: 0

Fighting for the soul of coal: Colliery closures and the moral economy of nationalization in Britain, 1947–1994 为煤炭的灵魂而战：1947-1994 年英国关闭煤矿和国有化的道德经济学

IF 1 2区历史学

Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1017/eso.2024.6

Andrew Perchard, Keith Gildart, Ben Curtis, Grace Millar

引用次数: 0

More than Just a Business: Recasting Literary Publishing in Postwar Germany, 1945–1949 不仅仅是一门生意战后德国文学出版业的重塑，1945-1949 年

IF 1 2区历史学

Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/eso.2024.4

Anne Stokes, Ray Stokes

{"title":"More than Just a Business: Recasting Literary Publishing in Postwar Germany, 1945–1949","authors":"Anne Stokes, Ray Stokes","doi":"10.1017/eso.2024.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2024.4","url":null,"abstract":"Like other creative industries emerging in mid-1945 from 12 years of Nazi rule, including six years of war, German publishing was ideologically suspect, internationally isolated, and insular. By the 1950s, however, the book trade in the two German successor states was once again varied and vibrant. And it was also tightly integrated into the international publishing business, within which it had become an increasingly active and important presence. This article analyzes the development of the German book publishing industry during the Allied occupation, 1945-1949, through the lens of knowledge transfer. It was a time during which capital-starved German publishers harnessed the political and ideological objectives of the occupiers and their prewar contacts to achieve their own commercial and cultural ambitions, including taking initial steps toward internationalization. The focus is on literary fiction, a genre that constituted a minority of all published output in the postwar period, but which also included all top bestsellers. Literature in translation, moreover, accounted for a substantial proportion of those bestselling books, and at the same time represented a key vehicle for internationalization. Two case studies, one drawn from the Soviet zone of occupation, the later East Germany, and one from the western zones that came to be dominated by the Americans, the later West Germany, illustrate two different, yet remarkably similar paths through which this interplay of ideological alignment and commerce played out among a range of actors and laid the basis for the subsequent development of the industry.","PeriodicalId":45977,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise & Society","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“The Vital Link”: British Print Media Export to Australia, 1853–1980 "重要纽带"：英国印刷媒体对澳大利亚的出口，1853-1980 年

IF 1 2区历史学

Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/eso.2024.2

Holly Elizabeth Dayton Swenson

{"title":"“The Vital Link”: British Print Media Export to Australia, 1853–1980","authors":"Holly Elizabeth Dayton Swenson","doi":"10.1017/eso.2024.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2024.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses the case study of Gordon & Gotch, media import/exporters, to explore how the transnational sale of British media contributed to a common cultural identity within the British World. Gordon & Gotch, founded as a media import firm in Australia in 1853, opened a London branch in 1866 which became independently owned and operated in 1890. This paper argues that the London and Australasian firms of Gordon & Gotch played an important and understudied role in tying Australia to Britain through lines of business that benefitted men in Melbourne and London, creating an “imagined community” of British readers that spanned oceans. The paper also explores how the divergent strategies of the London and Australasian Gordon & Gotches in the wake of the Second World War help us to understand the timeline of Australia’s cultural disentanglement with Britain. As new political economies developed in Britain and Australia, the London firm was forced to pivot to a European or more generally “global” strategy, while the Australian firm refocused its energies to domestic and American media. The consequence for Australian consumers was a reduced presence of British media and a greater preponderance of American, Australian, and locally printed multinational media in Australia. The long history of the British and Antipodean Gordon & Gotches reveals the contingency of British media saturation in Australia and the value of business historical approaches to studying change in cultural markets.","PeriodicalId":45977,"journal":{"name":"Enterprise & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expatriate Merchants and Partnership Formation 1840–1920: Danish Merchants in Newcastle-upon-Tyne 外籍商人与合伙关系的形成（1840-1920 年）：泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔的丹麦商人

IF 1 2区历史学

Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1017/eso.2024.3

Daniel Riddell

引用次数: 0

“Making the Peaks Higher”: Foundations of Stanford University’s Growth, 1910–1960 "让山峰更高"：斯坦福大学的发展基础，1910-1960 年

IF 1 2区历史学

Enterprise & Society Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1017/eso.2024.1

Stephen B. Adams

引用次数: 0