Applied Linguistics ReviewPub Date : 2026-04-07eCollection Date: 2026-05-01DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2025-0278
Saskia Van Viegen, Sunny Man Chu Lau, Angel M Y Lin
{"title":"A social justice research agenda for multilingual assessment in diverse educational contexts.","authors":"Saskia Van Viegen, Sunny Man Chu Lau, Angel M Y Lin","doi":"10.1515/applirev-2025-0278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2025-0278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research and practice in bilingual education have contributed significant insights into teaching and learning from a multilingual stance. Despite these efforts, language and curriculum subject assessment continue to adhere to monolingual practices, not reflecting students' dynamic language use and potentially reinforcing English dominance and linguistic hierarchies. Transforming education practice requires concomitant change in current monolingual approaches to assessment such that multilingual pedagogies can contribute meaningfully to equity and inclusion across K-12, post-secondary and adult education contexts. Empirical research and theory generation in what multilingualism in assessment looks like can address equity and social justice for bi/multilingual students in our diverse sociolinguistic contexts and the teaching and learning needs of Indigenous, racialized and other historically marginalized students. Engaging with this broad research and teaching issue, this narrative review synthesizes recent insights from empirical studies and conceptual scholarship in multilingual education and assessment. We identify the possible conceptual articulations between these two fields that lend themselves to further research, particularly inquiry into how educators can develop and extend multilingual approaches to assessment in bilingual education, to challenge traditional focus on achievement of standardized language norms and isolated skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":46472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"1369-1387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13264513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148253892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflexivity as a means to address researcher vulnerabilities","authors":"Sal Consoli, Sara Ganassin","doi":"10.1515/applirev-2024-0268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2024-0268","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper proposes a critical approach and a model based on the construct of ‘ethics of care‘ to understand researcher vulnerability within contemporary applied linguistics. We emphasise the importance of reflexivity as a practice that foregrounds the humanity of both researchers and participants. In particular, by highlighting the challenges and dilemmas faced by researchers, we advocate for an ethics of care as a guide to address the ethical and practical issues related to researcher vulnerabilities. We discuss how recent shifts in applied linguistics, particularly the reflexive turn, have sharpened the focus on the social and ethical dimensions of research impact, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise of generative AI technologies. Our discussion underscores the necessity of acknowledging researchers’ own vulnerabilities and the need for systematic and transparent engagement with these challenges to foster well-being and ethical rigour for all in applied linguistics research.","PeriodicalId":46472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics Review","volume":"16 6","pages":"2521-2544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/applirev-2024-0268/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147922100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied Linguistics ReviewPub Date : 2025-04-28eCollection Date: 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1515/applirev-2024-0162
Guofang Li, Fubiao Zhen, Lee Gunderson
{"title":"The role of home biliteracy environment in Chinese-Canadian children's early bilingual receptive vocabulary development.","authors":"Guofang Li, Fubiao Zhen, Lee Gunderson","doi":"10.1515/applirev-2024-0162","DOIUrl":"10.1515/applirev-2024-0162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the unique contributions of home biliteracy environment in English and Chinese to Chinese-Canadian children's (<i>n</i> = 148) bilingual receptive vocabulary development. The children (42 kindergarteners and 106 first graders) were tested on oral receptive vocabulary in Chinese and English. Their parents (<i>n</i> = 148) filled out a questionnaire on home literacy environment (HLE) which included four dimensions in each language: parent-child shared reading, parent direct teaching, print resources, and digital devices usage in Chinese and English. Correlational and hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that HLE factors were less associated with English receptive vocabulary in grade-1 than in kindergarten but remained a strong contributor to Chinese vocabulary across both grades. English HLE was significantly associated with children's English vocabulary in kindergarten but not in grade 1. However, Chinese HLE had a significant effect on Chinese vocabulary in both kindergarten and grade 1. The four dimensions of HLE in each language also had differential relationships with bilingual vocabulary development in kindergarten and grade 1 with parents' direct teaching and the number of books in English and Chinese being consistent positive factors in facilitating bilingual vocabulary development in both grades. These findings highlight the importance of home biliteracy environment, particularly direct parental involvement, in early bilingual vocabulary development.</p>","PeriodicalId":46472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics Review","volume":"16 6","pages":"2463-2496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12571477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of speaker categorization in South Korean attitudes toward North Korean accents","authors":"Yu Kyoung Shin, Stephanie Lindemann","doi":"10.1515/applirev-2023-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2023-0058","url":null,"abstract":"North Koreans in South Korea often try to adopt South Korean accents to avoid discrimination, with varying degrees of success. Language attitudes studies have tended to investigate reactions to distinct varieties rather than speakers’ attempts to approximate new varieties for their own benefit, and while a few have considered the effects of listeners’ categorization of speakers on evaluations of them, they have generally focused solely on macro-categories such as place of origin, especially in languages other than English. This study investigates South Koreans’ attitudes toward North and South Koreans’ native and adopted accents and how these attitudes may relate to listeners’ categorization of the speakers. Eighty-two South Korean listeners rated recordings of three Korean speakers, two from different cities in North Korea and one from Busan, South Korea, who each read the same text in two versions: their native variety and their adopted Seoul variety. Listeners only consistently identified the Pyongyang variety as North Korean, but rated all three speakers more positively in Seoul guises than in their native guises. Additionally, when North Korean speakers were identified as being from outside South Korea, ratings were less positive. However, the Pyongyang speaker was rated more highly than the South Korean speaker on positive qualities, and qualitative data suggests that other types of speaker categorization may be relevant to attitudes, such as ‘professional’ for the Pyongyang speaker in both guises and ‘youth’ for the South Korean speaker in her Seoul guise. Thus, attitudes studies may benefit from qualitative data on speaker identification beyond the usual macro-categories, addressing the multiple categories indexed by a speech sample.","PeriodicalId":46472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics Review","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“As a Muslim…”: on the importance of intercultural responsibility in transnational cultural exchanges","authors":"Anyarat Nattheeraphong, Christopher Jenks","doi":"10.1515/applirev-2023-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2023-0111","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural exchange is increasingly becoming an essential activity of higher education as the world continues to experience widespread ethnocentrism because of war, migration, political provocation, and nationalism. Research in areas related to cultural exchange have also increased with the rise of teacher and student mobility, leading to an exciting body of scholarship. Several aspects of intercultural communication, however, remain under-researched in the study of cultural exchange. One such example is intercultural responsibility. The current study adds to this body of work by investigating how Muslim students that were part of a cultural exchange program in Thailand used notions of intercultural responsibility to make sense of their encounters and identities. The findings show that national and religious identities are both barriers to, and resources for, intercultural communication in general, and the social practices of Muslim students in particular. Intercultural responsibility is important to scholars and educators, as it can empower students to become agentive in their participation in intercultural communication, allowing them to reflect on and utilize their linguistic, cultural, and historical repertoire when interacting with individuals and communities that do not share their same cultural traditions and practices.","PeriodicalId":46472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics Review","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Culture machines","authors":"Rodney H. Jones","doi":"10.1515/applirev-2024-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2024-0188","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the way the concept of culture is discursively constructed by large language models that are trained on massive collections of cultural artefacts and designed to produce probabilistic representations of culture based on this training data. It makes the argument that, no matter how ‘diverse’ their training data is, large language models will always be prone to stereotyping and oversimplification because of the mathematical models that underpin their operations. Efforts to build ‘guardrails’ into systems to reduce their tendency to stereotype can often result in the opposite problem, with issues around culture and ethnicity being ‘invisiblised’. To illustrate this, examples are provided of the stereotypical linguistic styles and cultural attitudes models produce when asked to portray different kinds of ‘persona’. The tendency of large language models to gravitate towards cultural and linguistic generalities is contrasted with trends in intercultural communication towards more fluid, socially situated understandings of interculturality, and implications for the future of cultural representation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics Review","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and depth ontology: implications for intercultural ethics","authors":"John P. O’Regan, Giuliana Ferri","doi":"10.1515/applirev-2024-0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2024-0189","url":null,"abstract":"Despite increasing concerns over the use of AI in surveillance, privacy, public health, climate change, global migration and warfare, the implications of its use in the field of intercultural communication are still not clearly defined. This paper critically examines the contemporary emergence of AI through the lens of a critical realist depth ontology to argue that AI, with its unending interplay of signs and symbols, is the ultimate simulacrum. As such, AI vacates the normative terrain of judgemental rationality in favour of the relativist terrain of endless simulacra and the fetish appearances of postmodernism. To illustrate this, it is argued that the inability of AI to make judgements based on judgemental rationality (or Ethics<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>) occludes the possibility of intervening in the world to ameliorate real injustice. Therefore, if intercultural ethics remains within the realm of judgmental relativism (or Ethics<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) it abdicates the possibility to have an impact in the material world.","PeriodicalId":46472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics Review","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hua Zhu, David Wei Dai, Adam Brandt, Guanliang Chen, Giuliana Ferri, Spencer Hazel, Chris Jenks, Rodney Jones, John O’Regan, Shungo Suzuki
{"title":"Exploring AI for intercultural communication: open conversation","authors":"Hua Zhu, David Wei Dai, Adam Brandt, Guanliang Chen, Giuliana Ferri, Spencer Hazel, Chris Jenks, Rodney Jones, John O’Regan, Shungo Suzuki","doi":"10.1515/applirev-2024-0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2024-0186","url":null,"abstract":"AI is not new. What is new, however, is the speed and depth of its expansion in almost every aspect of our lives. This discussion forum is dedicated to exploring new frontiers and agendas for language and intercultural communication research. In this concluding piece, we invite the contributors to share insights on five key questions: their experiences (Question 1), the challenges and opportunities that we face (Question 2), the strengths and skills afforded by intercultural communication and applied linguistics (Question 3), considerations when collaborating with AI developers and user groups (Question 4) and the future landscape of intercultural communication (Question 5). Through these inquiries, we hope to amplify the contributors’ voices and experiences, often difficult to fit in academic writing, but crucial for contextualizing their epistemological stances in their work. We seek to broaden the discussion, drawing out a bigger picture of pressing issues, and exploring future prospects.","PeriodicalId":46472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics Review","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generative AI for professional communication training in intercultural contexts: where are we now and where are we heading?","authors":"David Wei Dai, Shungo Suzuki, Guanliang Chen","doi":"10.1515/applirev-2024-0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2024-0184","url":null,"abstract":"It is a common feature of the 21st century workplace to be multicultural. Working professionals need to possess strong Interactional Competence to handle professional communication in various intercultural encounters in their workplace. This has however posed challenges to professional communication education since educators need to incorporate different cultural practices and interlocutor profiles in their teaching and assessment materials. In this paper we reflect on the practical challenges of professional communication education in intercultural contexts and envisage what AI can offer in this place. We start with some practical, on-the-ground dilemmas in integrating diverse cultural representation in professional communication education. We then use an operational AI-mediated assessment tool to elaborate the possibilities, affordances and caveats in using AI to develop teaching and assessment materials for professional communication education. We conclude with directions for future research and practice in the emerging space of AI for professional communication in intercultural contexts (AI-for-PCIC).","PeriodicalId":46472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics Review","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards interculturally adaptive conversational AI","authors":"Adam Brandt, Spencer Hazel","doi":"10.1515/applirev-2024-0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2024-0187","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many ways that AI technologies are becoming embedded in our social worlds is the proliferation of Conversational User Interfaces, such as voice assistants (e.g. Apple Siri and Amazon Alexa), chatbots and voice-based conversational agents. Such conversational AI technologies are designed to draw upon the designers’ understanding of interactional practices employed in human–human conversation, and therefore have implications for intercultural communication (ICC). In this paper, we highlight some of the current shortcomings of conversational AI, and how these relate to ICC. We also draw on findings from Conversation Analysis to discuss how pragmatic norms vary across linguacultural groups (see Risager, Karen. 2019. Linguaculture. In Carol A. Chapelle (ed.). <jats:italic>Encyclopedia of applied linguistics</jats:italic>. Wiley-Blackwell for a discussion of the term ‘linguaculture’), noting that this poses further challenges for designers of conversational AI systems. We argue that the solution is to work towards what we call interculturally adaptive conversational AI. Finally, we propose a framework for how this can be conceptualised and researched, and argue that researchers with expertise in language and ICC are uniquely placed to contribute to this endeavour.","PeriodicalId":46472,"journal":{"name":"Applied Linguistics Review","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}