Science in Context最新文献

How reason found its common sense in Latin Aristotelianism: Commentary practice and the problem of universality in latin aristotelianism. 理性如何在拉丁亚里士多德主义中找到它的常识：评注实践与拉丁亚里士多德主义的普遍性问题。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889726101008

Katja Krause

{"title":"How reason found its common sense in Latin Aristotelianism: Commentary practice and the problem of universality in latin aristotelianism.","authors":"Katja Krause","doi":"10.1017/S0269889726101008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889726101008","url":null,"abstract":"A history of \"common sense\" concerns as much the epistemological concept as the very architecture of human rational judgment. The historian of medieval philosophy Étienne Gilson (1884-1978) cast nineteenth-century Jesuit appeals to common sense as a costly defense against the Cartesian problem of certainty: when intellectual first principles are fused with sensus communis, metaphysical realism is at risk. The first aim of this paper is to revise Gilson's historiography by showing that fusions of sense and reason began much earlier, already within the Latin tradition from the thirteenth century onward. I show that in their commentary practices, historical actors from Albert the Great (1200-1280) to Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) increasingly aligned conceptiones communes, assensus, consensus, and sensus communis, to the point that sensus communis could serve as a topos in philosophical argument. The second aim of the paper is to revisit Gilson's concern about metaphysical realism. Here, I argue that common sense is essential in philosophical practice, but cannot supplant the first principles of reason. For when common sense becomes the sole foundation of human reasoning, reason loses the answerability to truth that it obtains from its contact with reality.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Roger Bacon's scientific practice scientific? 罗杰·培根的科学实践科学吗？

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889726101021

Elena Băltuță, Giora Hon

{"title":"Is Roger Bacon's scientific practice scientific?","authors":"Elena Băltuță, Giora Hon","doi":"10.1017/S0269889726101021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889726101021","url":null,"abstract":"The answer to the question, \"Is Roger Bacon's scientific practice scientific?\" concerns an assessment of whether Bacon's scientific practice exhibits traits of modern science. This paper uses the theoretical framework proposed by Hon and Goldstein (2023) for defining modern science, which identifies three salient, constitutive features: commitment, methodology and technique. These features function together as a skeleton of the argumentative structure which combines presuppositions and rules of inference to reach a conclusion. The fundamental assumption is that scientific knowledge is argumentative. Against this background we examine three scientific results that Bacon included in his Opus majus. Although Bacon's methodology involves the use of geometrical proofs and his technique employs diagrams and geometrical analysis of the relations embedded in them-both features seemingly indicative of modern scientific practice-a characteristic alien to modern practice surfaces in the feature Hon and Goldstein refer to as \"commitment.\" Specifically, Bacon's commitment is rooted in theology and its dependence on sacred scripture. It is this characteristic that sets Bacon's scientific practice apart from modern science. In a nutshell, Bacon's commitment implies that final causes are not directly and fully known from the natural world but are revealed through scripture. Consequently, since understanding the nature of a thing requires knowing all four Aristotelian causes, those ignorant of sacred scripture cannot grasp the final cause and thus miss the true nature of the thing. It thus follows that Bacon's approach is not what we associate with modern science.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The subject is the object: On the emergence of subjective science in thirteenth-century theology. 主体即客体：论13世纪神学中主观科学的出现。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1017/S026988972610101X

Florian Wöller

{"title":"The subject is the object: On the emergence of subjective science in thirteenth-century theology.","authors":"Florian Wöller","doi":"10.1017/S026988972610101X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S026988972610101X","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a fundamental transformation in thirteenth-century theory of science by tracing the shifting role of the subiectum scientiae in scholastic theology. While Aristotelian epistemics defined a science through a unitary subject conceived as a logical genus, medieval debates-especially within the Parisian university context-revealed increasing tensions when applying this framework to theology. Focusing on key figures such as Robert Kilwardby, Thomas Aquinas, and Giles of Rome, the article reconstructs an epistemological turn whereby the subject of science was progressively reinterpreted in relation to the intellect and its objects. Kilwardby's essentialist redefinition of the subject as a unified nature laid the groundwork for this development. Aquinas advanced it further by integrating the notion of obiectum and emphasizing the role of the intellect, introducing a dual account in which both subject and formal object contribute to the unity of a science. The decisive shift occurs in Giles of Rome, who effectively collapses the distinction by identifying the subject with the principal object of cognition, thereby centering epistemology on the relation between intellect and object. This reorientation foregrounded the limits of human cognition and intensified debates about the scientific status of theology, particularly in contrast to divine and beatific knowledge. The article argues that these developments culminate in an emergent notion of \"subjective science,\" wherein the identity and validity of scientific knowledge become inseparable from the capacities of the knowing subject. This medieval trajectory, far from being anachronistic, offers a historically grounded account of the epistemic conditions that anticipate later conceptions of subjectivity.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Albertus Magnus on Alchemy: Between Ars and Scientia. 阿尔贝图斯·马格努斯谈炼金术：在艺术与科学之间。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889726100982

Athanasios Rinotas

引用次数: 0

Rubbing salted butter into the wound: Jungius and division. 往伤口上抹盐黄油：Jungius和division。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889726100994

Dominic Dold, Niklaas Görsch

引用次数: 0

"On a mission": planning an economy with mutable mobiles. “执行任务”：规划一个具有可变流动性的经济。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725100884

Mary S Morgan

引用次数: 0

Trust and invigilation: The practical functions of time-fixed development plans, Colombia 1958-1970. 信任与监督：固定时间发展计划的实际作用，哥伦比亚，1958-1970。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725100719

Andrés M Guiot-Isaac

{"title":"Trust and invigilation: The practical functions of time-fixed development plans, Colombia 1958-1970.","authors":"Andrés M Guiot-Isaac","doi":"10.1017/S0269889725100719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889725100719","url":null,"abstract":"Development planning was a form of interventionist social knowledge widely used in the mid-twentieth century. Planning was employed with different aims, and the adoption of concrete techniques and procedures was highly sensitive to each country's institutional context. This article studies the life trajectory of Colombia's Ten-year Plan, an internationally celebrated attempt to design economic development on a large scale in what actors characterized as a politically \"democratic\" and economically \"liberal\" setting. Based on the Colombian case, I argue that a central function of planning in developing countries was to build trust, on behalf of local stakeholders and international donors, in the state's capacity to credibly use public resources and foreign aid to achieve its development aims. In turn, planning also allowed outsiders to invigilate the actions taken by states on the economy, and to make them accountable for their commitments. I examine the media of persuasion used in the build-up to, and the publicization and revision of the Ten-year Plan, to account for the shift from the macro scale of comprehensive plans to the smaller-scale development interventions observed in the 1960s. This case shows that the malleability of planning procedures was key for the enduring resilience of the planning system.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Belgian 'Impossible Scenario' of 1980: Reinventing planning in times of 'crisis'. 1980年比利时的“不可能情景”：在“危机”时期重新制定规划。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725100768

Zoé Evrard

引用次数: 0

Social intervention in Curaçao: Using behavioral science technologies for social and economic development, 1969-1971. 库拉帕拉索的社会干预：用行为科学技术促进社会和经济发展，1969-1971。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725100732

Lukas Held

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Historicizing interventionist social knowledge, 1950s-1990s. 引言：将介入主义社会知识历史化，1950 -1990年代。