Science in Context最新文献

The paradox of necessary uncertainty: Psychopathy, welfare and Munchausen Syndrome in 1950s England. 必要不确定性的悖论：20世纪50年代英国的精神病、福利和孟乔森综合症。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1017/S026988972500047X

Chris Millard

引用次数: 0

Elevated to the ranks of a science: Manual labor and Albert Thaer's doctrine of rational agriculture. 提升到科学的行列：体力劳动和阿尔伯特·塞尔的理性农业学说。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725000493

Verena Lehmbrock

引用次数: 0

An Irish soldier perceives the stars: Philip O'Sullivan Beare's exegetic cosmology, c. 1626-30. 一名爱尔兰士兵感知星星：菲利普·奥沙利文·贝尔的激奋宇宙学，约1626- 1630年。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725100501

Kevin Gerard Tracey

{"title":"An Irish soldier perceives the stars: Philip O'Sullivan Beare's exegetic cosmology, c. 1626-30.","authors":"Kevin Gerard Tracey","doi":"10.1017/S0269889725100501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889725100501","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1621 and 1626, the soldier-historian Philip O'Sullivan Beare authored treatises to motivate Catholic powers toward greater intervention in Ireland, and to defend his country's honor more generally. Moving beyond political theology, the author's unfinished manuscript Zoilomastix incorporated natural history and astronomy. The current article draws attention to a previously overlooked fragment wherein the Irishman considered contemporary debates on the structure of the heavens. It first considers the material history of the fragment, before exploring the influence of continental pedagogic and military networks upon the author. The paper then presents evidence of O'Sullivan Beare's adherence to Thomist, Bellarminian cosmology, and of his disagreement with Clavius and Galileo, via Jacques du Chevreul's 1623 commentary on Sacrobosco's Sphere. Contrasting the fragment's contents with the cosmogony published in the author's Patritiana decas (1629), it demonstrates that these exegetic readings were part of the author's wider strategy for \"making truth\" amidst shifting political, confessional, and cosmological paradigms.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Of pashas, popes, and indivisibles. 帕夏，教皇和不可分割的人。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725000456

Mikhail G Katz, David Sherry, Monica Ugaglia

引用次数: 0

Modernism, modernity, and politics in the general history of science: Implications of Herbert Mehrtens' work, from "Vienna 1900" to the Nazi era, and beyond. 科学通史中的现代主义、现代性和政治：从 "维也纳 1900 "到纳粹时代及其后赫伯特-梅尔腾斯著作的影响。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889724000061

Mitchell G Ash

{"title":"Modernism, modernity, and politics in the general history of science: Implications of Herbert Mehrtens' work, from \"Vienna 1900\" to the Nazi era, and beyond.","authors":"Mitchell G Ash","doi":"10.1017/S0269889724000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889724000061","url":null,"abstract":"Herbert Mehrtens' work and the implications of the historical ideas he advanced went beyond the history of any single discipline. The article therefore addresses three broad issues: (1) Mehrtens' reconceptualization of mathematical modernism, in his field-changing book Moderne-Sprache-Mathematik (1990) and other works, as an epistemic and cultural phenomenon in a way that could potentially reach across and also beyond the sciences and also link scientific and cultural modernisms; (2) the extension of his work to the history of modernity itself via the concept of \"technocratic modernism\"; (3) his seminal contributions to the historiography of the sciences and technology during the National Socialist period, focusing on his critique of claims that mathematics, the natural sciences and technology were morally or politically \"neutral\" during or after the Nazi era, and on his counter-claim that mathematicians and other scientists had in fact mobilized themselves and their knowledge in support of Nazism's central political projects. Taken as a guide for understanding science-politics relations in general, Mehrtens' work was and remains a counterweight to the political abstinence adopted by many who have followed the \"cultural turn\" in history of science and technology. In the broadest sense, the article is a plea for the culturally relevant and politically engaged historiography of the sciences and humanities that Mehrtens himself pursued.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brouwer and Hausdorff: On reassessing the foundations crisis 布劳威尔与豪斯多夫：关于重新评估基础危机

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889724000103

David E. Rowe

引用次数: 0

George Montandon, the Ainu and the theory of hologenesis 乔治-蒙丹东、阿伊努人和全息理论

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889723000157

John L. Hennessey

引用次数: 0

Textual materiality and abstraction in mathematics 数学中的文本物质性和抽象性

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889723000182

Anna Kiel Steensen, Mikkel Willum Johansen, Morten Misfeldt

{"title":"Textual materiality and abstraction in mathematics","authors":"Anna Kiel Steensen, Mikkel Willum Johansen, Morten Misfeldt","doi":"10.1017/s0269889723000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269889723000182","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we wish to explore the role that textual representations play in the creation of new mathematical objects. We do so by analyzing texts by Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736–1813) and Évariste Galois (1811–1832), which are seen as central to the historical development of the mathematical concept of groups. In our analysis, we consider how the material features of representations relate to the changes in conceptualization that we see in the texts. Against this backdrop, we discuss the idea that new mathematical concepts, in general, are increasingly abstract in the sense of being detached from material configurations. Our analysis supports the opposite view. We suggest that changes in the material aspects of textual representations (i.e., the actual graphic inscriptions) play an active and crucial role in conceptual change. We employ an analytical framework adapted from Bruno Latour’s 1999 account of intertwined material and representational practices in the empirical sciences. This approach facilitates a foregrounding of the interconnection between the conceptual development of mathematics, and the construction, (re-)configuration, and manipulation of the materiality of representations. Our analysis suggests that, in mathematical practice, distinctions between the material and structural features of representations are not permanent and absolute. This problematizes the appropriateness of the distinction between concrete inscriptions and abstract relations in understanding the development of mathematical concepts.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138685908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The animal model of human disease as a core concept of medical research: Historical cases, failures, and some epistemological considerations 人类疾病的动物模型是医学研究的核心概念：历史案例、失败和一些认识论思考

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889723000170

Volker Roelcke

{"title":"The animal model of human disease as a core concept of medical research: Historical cases, failures, and some epistemological considerations","authors":"Volker Roelcke","doi":"10.1017/s0269889723000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269889723000170","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses four historical case studies to address epistemological issues related to the animal model of human diseases and its use in medical research on human diseases. The knowledge derived from animal models is widely assumed to be highly valid and predictive of reactions by human organisms. In this contribution, I use three significant historical cases of failure (ca. 1890, 1960, 2006), and a closer look at the emergence of the concept around 1860/70, to elucidate core assumptions related to the specific practices of animal-human knowledge transfer, and to analyze the explanations provided by historical actors after each of the failures. Based on these examples, I argue that the epistemological status of the animal model changed from that of a helpful methodological tool for addressing specific questions, but with precarious validity, to an obligatory method for the production of strong knowledge on human diseases. As a result, there now exists a culture of biomedical research in human disease that, for more than a century, has taken the value of this methodological tool as self-evident, and more or less beyond question.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138575724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A married couple of mathematicians from Vienna remembers Sigmund Freud (1953). 维也纳一对已婚数学家夫妇缅怀西格蒙德-弗洛伊德（1953 年）。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000229

Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze

{"title":"A married couple of mathematicians from Vienna remembers Sigmund Freud (1953).","authors":"Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000229","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0269889722000229","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is based on a hitherto unexplored document (audiotape of an interview accompanied by a German transcript) from 1953, located in the Freud Papers at the Library of Congress. It contributes to a better understanding of the impact of Freud and of Psychoanalysis on personalities from the exact sciences, here represented by the noted applied mathematicians Richard von Mises and Hilda Geiringer from Vienna. The detailed discussion of the interview sheds some new light on the different roles of Kraus and Freud in the Vienna culture, on the Vienna Jugendkulturbewegung (youth culture movement) during WWI in which Geiringer was involved, on Freud's and Siegfried Bernfeld's standing around 1930 among German philosophers and psychologists, and on Wilhelm Fließ' theory of periodicity, which von Mises-based on his attitude as an applied mathematician-defended against superficial accusations. Finally, new biographical material is provided for von Mises and the remotely related Freud family, and for Geiringer's and von Mises' early lives. The interview, which was taken during the Cold War, also allows conclusions as to how politics influenced the memories and views of the participants. Part of the aim of the paper is historical documentation of unknown material (letters by Karl Kraus and Wolfgang Köhler, one book review by Wilhelm Ostwald, a file on R. Pfennig), including some correction of erroneous information in the literature.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9209588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0