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"Join us in preparing people for tomorrow's jobs": Robert Reich, the "New Economy," and mythic thinking as interventionist knowledge. “加入我们，让人们为明天的工作做好准备”：罗伯特·赖希，“新经济”，以及作为干预主义知识的神话思维。
IF 0.5 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725100859
Lee Jared Vinsel
{"title":"\"Join us in preparing people for tomorrow's jobs\": Robert Reich, the \"New Economy,\" and mythic thinking as interventionist knowledge.","authors":"Lee Jared Vinsel","doi":"10.1017/S0269889725100859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889725100859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the intellectual and interventionist trajectory of American popular writer and commentator Robert Reich from his early 1980s advocacy of \"industrial policy\" to his time as US Secretary of Labor in the 1990s. It argues that Reich is an interesting figure to consider through the lens of \"interventionist knowledges\" because, although he draws selectively on social scientific data and knowledge, his syntheses of these things are more rooted in mythic thinking than in disciplined analysis. This article recounts the history of a failed bill, the Reemployment Act of 1994, to examine how Reich and those around him drew on and interpreted existing social scientific data to construct an idea of \"the New Economy\" and what, they claimed, it meant for national human capital policy. This article suggests that mythic visions of society and economy possibly play a large role in policy-making and issues advocacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The enriched knowledge economy: Ecomusées, regional development and French anthropology, 1960-1980. 丰富的知识经济：西非共同体、区域发展和法国人类学，1960-1980年。
IF 0.5 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725100720
Niki Rhyner
{"title":"The enriched knowledge economy: Ecomusées, regional development and French anthropology, 1960-1980.","authors":"Niki Rhyner","doi":"10.1017/S0269889725100720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889725100720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article investigates how anthropological knowledge about regions with economic difficulties became part of regional development in France during the pivotal decade of the 1970s. It argues that ethnological fieldwork in French peripheries in the 1960s provided knowledge about regional culture and practices for its maintenance that became the core of a new development tool, the <i>Ecomusée.</i> It was via this tool that French anthropologists sought to intervene in regional development. By analyzing one of the first French ecomuseums, we gain an understanding of how anthropological practices and knowledge nurtured the shift to cultural development politics associated with the \"enrichment economy.\" Fieldwork in the 1960s, aimed at a professionalized <i>Ethnologie de France</i>, problematized interaction with the local population and produced knowledge about regional culture that identified a region with its economic past. The practices of documentation and participation established during these fieldwork projects shaped the enrichment economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modernism, modernity, and politics in the general history of science: Implications of Herbert Mehrtens' work, from "Vienna 1900" to the Nazi era, and beyond. 科学通史中的现代主义、现代性和政治：从 "维也纳 1900 "到纳粹时代及其后赫伯特-梅尔腾斯著作的影响。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889724000061
Mitchell G Ash
{"title":"Modernism, modernity, and politics in the general history of science: Implications of Herbert Mehrtens' work, from \"Vienna 1900\" to the Nazi era, and beyond.","authors":"Mitchell G Ash","doi":"10.1017/S0269889724000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889724000061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbert Mehrtens' work and the implications of the historical ideas he advanced went beyond the history of any single discipline. The article therefore addresses three broad issues: (1) Mehrtens' reconceptualization of mathematical modernism, in his field-changing book <i>Moderne-Sprache-Mathematik</i> (1990) and other works, as an epistemic and cultural phenomenon in a way that could potentially reach across and also beyond the sciences and also link scientific and cultural modernisms; (2) the extension of his work to the history of modernity itself via the concept of \"technocratic modernism\"; (3) his seminal contributions to the historiography of the sciences and technology during the National Socialist period, focusing on his critique of claims that mathematics, the natural sciences and technology were morally or politically \"neutral\" during or after the Nazi era, and on his counter-claim that mathematicians and other scientists had in fact mobilized themselves and their knowledge in support of Nazism's central political projects. Taken as a guide for understanding science-politics relations in general, Mehrtens' work was and remains a counterweight to the political abstinence adopted by many who have followed the \"cultural turn\" in history of science and technology. In the broadest sense, the article is a plea for the culturally relevant and politically engaged historiography of the sciences and humanities that Mehrtens himself pursued.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brouwer and Hausdorff: On reassessing the foundations crisis 布劳威尔与豪斯多夫：关于重新评估基础危机
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889724000103
David E. Rowe
{"title":"Brouwer and Hausdorff: On reassessing the foundations crisis","authors":"David E. Rowe","doi":"10.1017/s0269889724000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269889724000103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epistemological issues associated with Cantorian set theory were at the center of the foundational debates from 1900 onward. Hermann Weyl, as a central actor, saw this as a smoldering crisis that burst into flames after World War I. The historian Herbert Mehrtens argued that this “foundations crisis” was part of a larger conflict that pitted moderns, led by David Hilbert, against various counter-moderns, who opposed the promotion of set theory and trends toward abstract theories. Among counter-moderns, L.E.J. Brouwer went a step further by proposing new foundational principles based on his philosophy of intuitionism. Meanwhile, Felix Hausdorff emerged as a leading proponent of the new modern style. In this essay, I offer a reassessment of the foundations crisis that stresses the marginal importance of the various intellectual issues involved. Instead, I offer an interpretation that focuses on tensions within the German mathematical community that led to a dramatic power struggle for control of the journal <span>Mathematische Annalen.</span></p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imaging a black hole shadow through the Event Horizon Telescope: A study in scientific collaboration and its epistemic constraints. 通过视界望远镜成像黑洞阴影：科学合作及其认知约束的研究。
IF 0.5 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1017/S026988972510094X
Luca Guzzardi
{"title":"Imaging a black hole shadow through the Event Horizon Telescope: A study in scientific collaboration and its epistemic constraints.","authors":"Luca Guzzardi","doi":"10.1017/S026988972510094X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S026988972510094X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper I present a case study of the creation of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), which provided the first image of a black hole shadow (April 2019) and that of the central black hole of the Milky Way (May 2022), as one in which the collaborative approach was primarily motivated by strong epistemic needs. To this end, I introduce and explore the notion of \"epistemic constraint,\" meaning any component of the world that prevents us from gaining some definite kind of knowledge in a specific manner and allows or promotes some other specific kind of knowledge in defined ways. The collaborative approach that led to the recent images of black hole shadows through the EHT is described in terms of \"epistemically constrained collaboration\" - i.e., a collaborative mode of research where the epistemic constraints prevail over other factors - and the most important features of this concept are expounded.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"62-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Taking nature: Collecting and the exercise of colonial power. 攫取自然：收集和殖民权力的行使。
IF 0.5 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725100951
Ina Heumann
{"title":"Taking nature: Collecting and the exercise of colonial power.","authors":"Ina Heumann","doi":"10.1017/S0269889725100951","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0269889725100951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over a four-year period from 1909 to 1913, the German expedition to Tendaguru removed 250 metric tons of dinosaur fossils from what is now Tanzania and was then part of the colony of German East Africa. To this day, these fossils - some of them now world-famous exhibits - are held in Berlin's Museum für Naturkunde. Using hitherto unexamined sources, this paper reveals how the expedition's leaders translated their initial mission of \"thorough excavation\" into a strategy of total extraction, leading them to amass thousands of additional animals, plant samples, and cultural artifacts that were subsequently distributed among Berlin's national museums. It shows that this multi-institutional and transdisciplinary colonial archive relied heavily on colonial infrastructures and violence and argues that collecting in this context must be understood as an enactment of power. Following Dan Hicks, it asks how this history might be interpreted within a theory of taking.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Names, knowledge, and formats: Transformations of oceanic literacy. 名称、知识和格式：海洋文化的转变。
IF 0.5 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725100963
Anne Eriksen
{"title":"Names, knowledge, and formats: Transformations of oceanic literacy.","authors":"Anne Eriksen","doi":"10.1017/S0269889725100963","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0269889725100963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article argues that, contrary to what is often held in academic literature, traditional fishermen had solid empirical knowledge about underwater topography long before acoustic sounding. To substantiate the argument, a large mid twentieth-century collection of place names and terms collected among coastal fishermen in Norway is explored, with the aim to demonstrate that this vocabulary reflects a detailed knowledge about underwater geography as well as advanced navigational skills. The second aim of the article is to investigate the reformatting of this knowledge when it was first transferred to national fisheries maps and secondly when it entered the International Court of Justice as part of the Norwegian fisheries case against the UK in 1951. Reformatting represents more than a new context: It shapes and changes knowledge. The present article applies this more general principle of knowledge transformation to the study of the human-ocean relationship and explores how reformatting has decisively impacted activities at sea, influenced parameters for ocean use, and been constitutive to shaping the ocean as an object of knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"25-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The masters and victims of partisanship: Arnošt Kolman and Adam Schaff at the crossroads of partisan science. 党派之争的主人和受害者：Arnošt Kolman和Adam Schaff站在党派科学的十字路口。
IF 0.5 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889725100938
Alexej Lochmatow
{"title":"The masters and victims of partisanship: Arnošt Kolman and Adam Schaff at the crossroads of partisan science.","authors":"Alexej Lochmatow","doi":"10.1017/S0269889725100938","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0269889725100938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article develops a praxeological perspective on the history of partisanship in Central and Eastern Europe. The author proposes to examine partisanship not as an idea or a concept but as a virtue that was supposed to be forcibly cultivated and practiced in science and scholarship under Soviet domination. The article focuses on the cases of two prominent Marxist philosophers, Arnošt Kolman and Adam Schaff, who became devoted teachers of partisanship in the Soviet Union as well as in their \"native\" Czechoslovakia and Poland. Later, both were publicly accused of \"non-partisanship.\" Based on these examples, the author argues that, with the establishment of the socialist regimes, partisanship became a tool of maintaining stability. This implied more autonomy for the scholars and scientists who learned how to use the quasi-moral authority of partisanship to exclude from the \"moral consensus\" those who, due to their \"excessive diligence,\" threatened the internal norms and conventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"39-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
George Montandon, the Ainu and the theory of hologenesis 乔治-蒙丹东、阿伊努人和全息理论
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889723000157
John L. Hennessey
{"title":"George Montandon, the Ainu and the theory of hologenesis","authors":"John L. Hennessey","doi":"10.1017/s0269889723000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269889723000157","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 1909, Italian zoologist Daniele Rosa (1857–1944) proposed a radical new evolutionary theory: hologenesis, or simultaneous, pan-terrestrial creation and evolution driven primarily by internal factors. Hologenesis was widely ignored or rejected outside Italy, but Swiss-French anthropologist George Montandon (1879–1944) eagerly embraced and developed the theory. An ambitious careerist, Montandon’s deep investment in an obscure and unpopular theory is puzzling. Today, Montandon is best known for his virulent antisemitism and active collaboration with the Nazi occupation of France at the end of his career. By that point, however, he had quietly moved away from hologenesis. This shift has gone unnoticed or been left unexplained in existing research. This article reexamines Montandon’s theoretical outlook and reasons for championing Rosa’s forgotten theory. It argues that while Montandon’s adoption of hologenesis arose from a complex blend of scientific and personal factors, his previously overlooked early fieldwork with the Ainu played a key role. In contrast, hologenesis did not inform Montandon’s later public antisemitism.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138717093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Textual materiality and abstraction in mathematics 数学中的文本物质性和抽象性
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889723000182
Anna Kiel Steensen, Mikkel Willum Johansen, Morten Misfeldt
{"title":"Textual materiality and abstraction in mathematics","authors":"Anna Kiel Steensen, Mikkel Willum Johansen, Morten Misfeldt","doi":"10.1017/s0269889723000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269889723000182","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we wish to explore the role that textual representations play in the creation of new mathematical objects. We do so by analyzing texts by Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736–1813) and Évariste Galois (1811–1832), which are seen as central to the historical development of the mathematical concept of groups. In our analysis, we consider how the material features of representations relate to the changes in conceptualization that we see in the texts. Against this backdrop, we discuss the idea that new mathematical concepts, in general, are increasingly abstract in the sense of being detached from material configurations. Our analysis supports the opposite view. We suggest that changes in the material aspects of textual representations (i.e., the actual graphic inscriptions) play an active and crucial role in conceptual change. We employ an analytical framework adapted from Bruno Latour’s 1999 account of intertwined material and representational practices in the empirical sciences. This approach facilitates a foregrounding of the interconnection between the conceptual development of mathematics, and the construction, (re-)configuration, and manipulation of the materiality of representations. Our analysis suggests that, in mathematical practice, distinctions between the material and structural features of representations are not permanent and absolute. This problematizes the appropriateness of the distinction between concrete inscriptions and abstract relations in understanding the development of mathematical concepts.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138685908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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