ACS Nano最新文献

{"title":"A Therapeutic System Regulating Iron Metabolism in CD63+ Macrophage Subsets Activates Anti-tumor Immunity for Bone Metastasis Therapy","authors":"Yucheng Xue,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shengdong Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ying Yin,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xupeng Chai,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Zhou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hua Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Haochen Mou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Fangqian Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Minjun Yao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shenzhi Zhao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jiangchu Lei,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lingxiao Jin,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Miaojie Fang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Fanglu Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zilong Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yikan Sun,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yiwen Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hengyuan Li*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jianbin Xu*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11563","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11563","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Iron metabolism disorders are linked to tumor metastasis, with the iron imbalance in macrophages playing a pivotal role. However, due to the unclear identifiers for iron-metabolism-related macrophage subsets and corresponding key iron metabolic proteins promoting metastasis, precisely regulating macrophage iron metabolism in the tumor microenvironment remains challenging. Here, we have identified CD63⁺ macrophage subsets with activated iron metabolism in bone metastases and validated that the iron-storage-related protein FTH1 in macrophages facilitates bone metastasis using gene knockout mice. Herein, we report a gene therapy system (siFTH1@HEV-aCD63) that precisely regulates iron metabolism in CD63⁺ macrophages by encapsulating siFTH1 in fusion vesicles merging bacterial outer membranes with liposomes, coated with anti-CD63 antibodies. siFTH1@HEV-aCD63 achieves precise identification of iron-metabolizing activating macrophage subpopulations, effectively halting the progression of bone metastases by downregulating the FTH1 gene in CD63⁺ macrophages. Furthermore, by inhibiting the iron storage capacity of these macrophages, siFTH1@HEV-aCD63 notably reverses their immunosuppressive effects and robustly stimulates antitumor immune responses at the metastatic sites. Overall, this study introduces a therapeutic strategy targeting abnormal iron-metabolizing macrophages, providing a promising approach for the precise regulation of metabolically dysfunctional cells in antitumor immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"19 41","pages":"36544–36565"},"PeriodicalIF":16.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency-Chirped Actuation of Chiral Magnetic Microbots for Viscosity Mapping in Heterogenous Media: From Model Fluids to Living Cells","authors":"Sayanta Goswami,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Souravi Mukherjee,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Nahid Ahmed,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;M Sreepadmanabh,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tapomoy Bhattacharjee,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ramray Bhat,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Deepak Saini,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Ambarish Ghosh*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c09448","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsnano.5c09448","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fast, accurate, and location-specific measurement of mechanical parameters of complex, heterogeneous environments at the microscale can impact multiple scientific domains. This is a nontrivial technological challenge since the measurement scheme needs to be simultaneously sensitive and fast, such as to obtain meaningful measurements with spatial resolution comparable to the probe dimensions. As we show here, a frequency-chirped external drive with chiral magnetic microbots allows micron-scale spatial resolution with sensitivities better than a few cP/<i></i><math><msqrt><mi>H</mi><mi>z</mi></msqrt></math>. Through simultaneous observation of two degrees of freedom, one can measure the local viscosity even when the motion of microbot is severely constrained. We demonstrate this measurement technique to be applicable in model systems and make spatial maps of viscosity in biologically relevant, inherently heterogeneous, and crowded media, like the cell cytoplasm. The techniques demonstrated in this manuscript establish chiral microbots as a next-generation active, mechanical measurement tool, especially suitable for probing crowded and heterogeneous environments that are ubiquitous in the natural world.</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"19 41","pages":"36373–36383"},"PeriodicalIF":16.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoindentation for Tailored Single-Photon Emitters in hBN: Influence of Annealing on Defect Stability","authors":"Safa L Ahmed*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lukas Harsch,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Csongor Imre,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ioannis Karapatzakis,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Luis Kussi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jeremias Resch,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Marcel Schrodin,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ines Häusler,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tolga Wagner,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Christoph T Koch,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Christoph Sürgers*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c09221","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsnano.5c09221","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Quantum emitters in multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are created by nanoindentation by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Carbon-coated AFM tips are pushed into hBN flakes, creating localized carbon-based defects with spectrally tailored optical emission. We identify four predominant classes of single-photon emitters (SPEs) and show that our fabrication technique provides a high yield of bright emitters with narrow line widths and common dipole orientation, most of which exhibit a weak electron–phonon interaction because the SPEs are decoupled from the local atomic environment. We demonstrate that high-temperature annealing causes etching of hBN even in an inert environment. This defect engineering offers a controlled pathway for the creation of SPEs in hBN as a prerequisite for scalable quantum photonic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"19 41","pages":"36302–36312"},"PeriodicalIF":16.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Non-Gaussian Fluctuations of an Optical Matter System Manifesting Pseudorotation","authors":"Shiqi Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;John A. Parker,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;John Linderman,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Curtis W. Peterson,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Valenton,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Stuart A. Rice,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Andrew L. Ferguson*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Norbert F. Scherer*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11168","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11168","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Gaussian fluctuations are intrinsic to systems in thermal equilibrium and are also a tenet of near-equilibrium systems related by linear response. We recently introduced a Gaussian (fluctuation) approximation to demonstrate that the entropy production rate and power dissipation are equal to each other in multiparticle overdamped nonconservative nonequilibrium systems. The fluctuations of the nanoparticle constituents of the optical matter (OM) systems studied, characterized through their collective modes of motion, satisfied the Gaussian approximation. Here, we report a type of collective mode and motion in a different OM system that manifests strong non-Gaussian behavior. We show through experiments and simulations that the collective motion is a pseudorotation of the overdamped and nonconservative 8-silver-nanoparticle OM structure in water. The OM system has D₂ point group symmetry (in 2-dimensional space) and exists in a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) at various temperatures and solution ionic strengths. We developed a weighted principal component analysis (w-PCA) and state-free nonreversible VAMPnet (Variational Approach to Markov Process solved via neural network) method to identify the collective modes of the nanoparticle motion and the time scales of their dynamics, including pseudorotation. We show that the confinement exerted by the outer four particles on the inner four particles has a significant temperature-dependent impact on the pseudorotation dynamics. We attribute the counterintuitive change of the dynamics with increasing temperature─changing from monomodal Gaussian-like to bimodal with the same mean─to the implicit nature of the interparticle interactions and resultant forces. The nonconservative force field determined at each time step of our simulations is an intrinsic characteristic of these nonequilibrium many-body interacting OM systems. We anticipate that our w-PCA+VAMPnet method will be useful in studies of collective motions of complex overdamped and nonconservative systems, and of particle dynamics in other systems such as cluster liquids (e.g., liquid sulfur).</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"19 41","pages":"36496–36509"},"PeriodicalIF":16.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Coloration of Solid Films Prepared from Xanthan Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Solutions","authors":"Yang Xiao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Selina Itzigehl,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Klaus Dirnberger,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Volkmar Vill,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Johanna R. Bruckner*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c05093","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsnano.5c05093","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Inspired by the helical self-assembly of chiral molecules in nature, iridescent films as promising photonic materials have been yielded by drying cholesteric nanoparticle suspensions or polymer solutions. To date, biobased cellulose nanocrystal suspensions are the main source for fabricating such films, which involve the hydrolysis of raw materials with a huge consumption of concentrated sulfuric acid and rigorous control of the drying process. To enhance sustainability, we here demonstrate that structurally colored, nonbrittle films can be produced via drying ultrasonically treated xanthan water solutions without additional chemical treatment and under mild evaporation control. By adjustment of the duration of ultrasonication, the chain length of xanthan gum can be tuned, leading to a distinct change of its cholesteric liquid crystal behavior. Surprisingly, the evolution of the pitch from the cholesteric liquid crystal to the dried film does not follow the same mechanism as that known from cellulose nanocrystal suspensions but exhibits a much more pronounced shrinkage. We analyze this behavior by applying various theoretical models and discuss the impact of chain flexibility and the point of gelation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"19 41","pages":"36184–36195"},"PeriodicalIF":16.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biomimetic Thermal Conduction Network Enables Metal-Level Thermal Conductivity in Polymer Nanocomposites","authors":"Si-Cheng Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiao-Hang Lu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ji Liu*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jing Wu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Jia*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Bin Sun,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chao Gao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Li*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Zhong-Zhen Yu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c12250","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsnano.5c12250","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The rapid miniaturization and integration of modern electronics have intensified heat generation, creating an urgent demand for high-performance thermal interfacial materials (TIMs). Although constructing oriented thermal conduction networks in polymer composites is effective in achieving high through-plane thermal conductivity for TIM applications, conventional approaches often involve harsh processing and overlook limitations in the overall heat flux, hindering further breakthroughs in thermal conduction performances. Herein, inspired by the transpiration process in bamboo, we design a biomimetic “bamboo stem array-leaf” thermal conduction network using a mild noncovalent functionalization and hierarchical structural assembly strategy. In this design, vertically aligned polydopamine-functionalized pitch-based carbon fibers (mPCFs) act as “stems” for primary heat conduction, while polyamide epichlorohydrin-modified graphene nanoplatelets self-assemble onto the mPCFs, serving as “leaves” to enhance horizontal heat diffusion. This bioinspired network synergistically integrates efficient long-range heat transport with enhanced interfacial thermal coupling with the polymer matrix, boosting the overall heat flux across the composite. The resultant epoxy composite achieves an exceptional through-plane thermal conductivity of 289.5 W m^–1 K^–1, surpassing most polymer composites and even certain metals. Moreover, the underlying thermal conduction mechanisms are clarified by correlating experimental results with predictions from classical models and finite element simulations. This work establishes an alternative paradigm for developing high-performance polymer nanocomposites with metal-like thermal conductivity for advanced TIM applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"19 41","pages":"36663–36674"},"PeriodicalIF":16.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operando Micro- and Nano-Computed Tomography Reveals Silicon–Electrolyte Interface Dynamics and Anisotropic Contact Loss in All-Solid-State Batteries","authors":"Mao Matsumoto,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuya Sakka,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chengchao Zhong,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Keiji Shimoda,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ken-ichi Okazaki,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hisao Yamashige,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Takashi Ozeki,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Toshiaki Matsui,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Akihisa Takeuchi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Masayuki Uesugi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Kentaro Uesugi,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yuki Orikasa*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11403","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11403","url":null,"abstract":"<p >All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with silicon anodes offer high energy density and mitigate issues such as continuous solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in lithium-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes. However, the evolution of the mechanical contact interface between silicon (Si) and the rigid solid electrolyte during cycling remains poorly understood. This study utilized <i>operando</i> synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) to achieve high-resolution, 3D visualization of the silicon–electrolyte interface during lithiation and delithiation. Micro-CT revealed that silicon particles retain partial contact with the solid electrolyte as they delithiate and shrink to form shell voids, preserving ionic conduction pathways. High-resolution nano-CT further revealed a thin, previously undetectable solid electrolyte layer that adheres to the surfaces of the silicon particles and helps maintain these contact points. Additionally, interfacial delamination of the silicon was found to be highly anisotropic, initiating from sides that were laterally unconstrained due to uneven mechanical pressure and reaction inhomogeneity. Meanwhile, the vertically compressed interface remained largely intact. These findings elucidate the morphological evolution of the Si/electrolyte interface in ASSBs and demonstrate that continuous ion transport can be partially maintained despite significant volume changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"19 41","pages":"36527–36535"},"PeriodicalIF":16.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsnano.5c11403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Serum Stability and Lipoprotein Interactions in Lipid Structure–Tumor Accumulation Relationship","authors":"Ashlynn Barnes,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hanmant K. Gaikwad,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;David Siegel,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;David Angarita,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Morgan Nebbia,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Thomas Anchordoquy,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;David Bourne,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Morgan Stewart,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Adem Yildirim,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Manuel M. Fierro Cota,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Joseph T. Duffy,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Benedikt E. Haupt,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Irina V. Balyasnikova*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Dmitri Simberg*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c10594","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsnano.5c10594","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Lipid-based formulations (liposomes, micelles, lipid nanoparticles, emulsions, lipid prodrugs) are the most popular systems for tumor drug delivery. At the same time, there is limited knowledge of the factors controlling the lipid structure–tumor accumulation relationship (STAR). To address this question, we synthesized a compact library of lipids with the shared cyanine Cy3 headgroup but variable tail hydrophobicity and headgroup-tail linkers. A shared fluorophore enabled the straightforward comparison of pharmacokinetics, tumor accumulation, and interactions of lipids with serum and cells. The library was formulated into nanomicelles with DSPE-PEG2000 and screened for tumor accumulation after intravenous injection in the syngeneic 4T1 breast cancer mouse model. Cy3 lipids with ester linkers mostly displayed poor tissue and tumor accumulation, except Cy3-cholesterol. Cy3 lipids with amide linkers and indocarbocyanine derivatives of Cy3 (DiI) showed better tumor accumulation. Nonlipid molecules Cy3-COOH and Cy3-PEG5000 were rapidly cleared with minimal accumulation in tumors. Of all lipids, DiI-C18 and DiI-C22 showed superior accumulation in 4T1 breast, GL261, and CT-2A orthotopic glioma models. Subsequent investigation revealed that chemical and formulation instability negatively affect the lipid pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation. Lipids with stable linkers and hydrophobic chains caused slow clearance and high tumor buildup. On the other hand, short-chain lipids showed increased interaction with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), with strong evidence indicating accelerated clearance by the liver LDL receptor. The uptake of short-chain lipids by tumor cells in vitro was inhibited by interaction with lipoproteins. Overall, serum stability and lipoprotein interaction emerged as important in vitro predictors of favorable pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation. These findings provide a framework for designing effective lipid-based therapeutics and imaging agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"19 41","pages":"36435–36450"},"PeriodicalIF":16.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkenyl/Thiol Co-Functionalized Titanium-Oxo Nanoclusters Enable Synergistic Lithography for Enhanced Resolution and Sensitivity","authors":"Zuohu Zhou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zeqi Yu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ni Zhen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Fangfang Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jian Wei,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Aibing Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Siming Qi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Huifang Zhao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Feng Luo,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c12852","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsnano.5c12852","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The lack of lithographic reactivity of titanium oxides prevents their applicability in direct nanopatterning technologies. Herein, by gradually incorporating cross-linkable alkenyl and thiol groups, we have successfully achieved the lithography applications and performance enhancement of monometallic titanium-oxo clusters (TOCs). Thereinto, by replacing the 2,2′-biphenol in a lithography-inert TOC with functional magnolol ligands, nanopatterning performance was facilitated through electron beam-induced alkenyl polymerization (from soluble cluster to insoluble cross-linked network). Moreover, thiol groups were further incorporated into the alkenyl-TOCs, giving rise to alkenyl/thiol comodified clusters. Such dual cross-linkable group functionalization brought additional thiol–ene click reactions upon exposure to enhance intercluster polymerization, which significantly improved the lithography sensitivity of TOCs, with the required exposure energy being reduced by over 70% (decreasing from &gt;1000 μC/cm² of alkenyl-TOC to &lt;300 μC/cm² of alkenyl/thiol-TOC). Ultimately, high-resolution 12.9 nm patterns were fabricated using alkenyl/thiol-TOCs, which are among the higher resolution levels of metal oxide cluster photoresists. This work not only reports the direct nanopatterning of titanium oxide materials but also provides a step-by-step cross-linkable group functionalization strategy to enhance their lithography applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"19 41","pages":"36749–36757"},"PeriodicalIF":16.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Q, Size-Independent, and Reconfigurable Optical Antennas Embedded in Zero-Index Cavities","authors":"Prasad P. Iyer*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mihir Pendharkar,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Anchal Agarwal,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Humberto Foronda,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Micheal Iza,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Umesh K. Mishra,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shuji Nakamura,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Steven DenBaars,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Stacia Keller,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chris Palmstrøm,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jon A. Schuller*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c04424","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsnano.5c04424","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Enhancing light–matter interactions at the nanoscale is foundational to nanophotonics, with epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials demonstrating significant potential. High-quality factor (<i>Q</i>) resonances that maximize these interactions are typically realized in photonic crystals requiring sub-50 nm precision nanofabrication over large areas, limiting scalability and increasing complexity. Mie resonances offer an alternative but are constrained by low <i>Q</i>-factors due to the scarcity of high-refractive index materials, necessitating large refractive index changes for effective resonance switching and limiting dynamic reconfigurability. We overcome these limitations by embedding Mie resonators within ENZ media, thereby enhancing <i>Q</i>-factors, mitigating geometric dispersion and fabrication challenges, and maximizing optical reconfigurability. We introduce three resonator-ENZ configurations: voids in AlN, Ge in SiO₂, and intrinsic InSb in doped InSb─spanning from low-loss phononic to lossy plasmonic ENZ modes. Using novel epitaxial regrowth techniques, we achieve significant <i>Q</i>-factor improvements over nonembedded resonators. An air-based Mie resonator embedded in AlN supports resonant <i>Q</i>-factors exceeding 100, with negligible geometric dispersion across sizes from 800  to 2800 nm. Additionally, we demonstrate dynamic reconfigurability of intrinsic InSb resonators by thermally tuning the ENZ wavelength over a 2 μm range in the mid-infrared (11–16 μm) wavelength regime. These results showcase the potential of Mie reonators embedded in ENZ media for high-fidelity sensors, thermal emitters, and reconfigurable metasurfaces, bridging theoretical predictions with practical applications and advancing the development of dynamic, high-<i>Q</i> optical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"19 41","pages":"36148–36157"},"PeriodicalIF":16.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}