Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Suitability of Dried Blood Spot Sampling for Pharmacokinetic Studies in Veterinary Medicine.","authors":"Anisa Bardhi, Andrea Barbarossa, Andrè Joubert, Ronette Gehring, Carlotta Lambertini, Noemi Romagnoli","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050488","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling has emerged as a promising microsampling technique in biomedical and clinical research, offering advantages such as reduced invasiveness, minimal blood volume requirements, and enhanced analyte stability. Although well established in human medicine for neonatal screening and diagnostic applications, its potential in veterinary pharmacology remains underexplored. This study investigated the feasibility of using DBS samples to quantify anesthetic agents-ketamine and medetomidine in cats and lidocaine in horses-during routine surgical procedures at a veterinary teaching hospital. A standardized DBS collection protocol was developed, and LC-MS/MS methods were validated for the quantification of target analytes in both DBS and plasma samples. These methods were subsequently applied to real samples collected during anesthesia to conduct pharmacokinetic analyses. Comparative evaluations, including Bland-Altman analysis, assessed the suitability of DBS samples for pharmacokinetic studies in veterinary medicine. Preliminary results indicated satisfactory agreement for medetomidine, meeting EMA guidelines, with 75.6% of mean values falling within ±20% of paired measurements. Results for ketamine (46.9%) were promising but require further optimization, while those for lidocaine (21.4%) highlighted the need for additional investigation. These findings underscore the potential of DBS sampling as a minimally invasive alternative for pharmacokinetic studies in veterinary medicine, particularly for medetomidine, while identifying areas for further methodological refinement. Future research should optimize DBS techniques and expand their application to other drugs and species, broadening their impact on veterinary pharmacology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Relevance of Distinguishing Between Three Endoscopy-Based Conditions, Bronchiectasis, Bronchomalacia, and Their Combination in Dogs: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Aurélie Lyssens, Géraldine Bolen, Aline Fastrès, Cécile Clercx, Frédéric Billen","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050487","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bronchiectasis (BE) and bronchomalacia (BM) are chronic respiratory diseases in dogs, yet their combined occurrence (BEBM) is not well studied. This retrospective study analyzed 65 dogs diagnosed via endoscopy with BE, BM, or BEBM (E-BE, E-BM, E-BEBM) to identify clinical and pathological differences and assess how imaging results (radiography and computed tomography (CT)) align with endoscopic findings. Clinical symptoms like coughing, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance were similar across all groups, except lung crackles, which were more common in E-BEBM. Inflammation seen during bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid results, including neutrophil counts, showed no significant differences between groups. Bacterial infections were present in 15% of dogs with no difference among groups. Diagnostic agreement between radiography and endoscopy was low: 18.1% for E-BE, 10.5% for E-BM, and 38.4% for E-BEBM. CT results matched endoscopic findings in all E-BE cases but only in half of E-BM and 40% of E-BEBM cases. The bronchial-to-arterial ratio, a benchmark for BE diagnosis, did not align with CT findings. Overall, the study found limited clinical or pathological differences between BE, BM, and BEBM and limited concordance between imaging and endoscopic findings, emphasizing the need for further research to clarify potential implications for treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Plasma Nitric Oxide and Serum Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Pulmonary Hypertensive Dogs: A Clinical and Echocardiography Investigation.","authors":"Siwayu Rattanakanokchai, Numfa Fungbun, Ketmanee Senaphan, Supranee Jitpean, Trasida Ployngam","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050486","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous vasodilator, has been proposed as a biomarker for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in humans. NO is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Alterations in NO/eNOS have not been studied in dogs with PH. We assessed alterations in NO and eNOS in the blood of dogs with PH (<i>n</i> = 17) and healthy dogs (<i>n</i> = 10) and analyzed their correlations with echocardiographic parameters. The results showed significantly higher plasma NO and serum eNOS levels in dogs with PH compared with healthy dogs. Dogs with PH and ascites (<i>n</i> = 11) had significantly lower plasma NO levels than those without ascites (<i>n</i> = 6) and presented a decreasing eNOS trend. In dogs with PH, plasma NO was positively correlated with left ventricular hemodynamics, right ventricular compliance, and pulmonary distensibility, but was negatively correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance and right cardiac remodeling. Serum eNOS was positively correlated with the main pulmonary artery diameter. Increments in NO/eNOS reflected compensatory responses to cardiovascular changes in PH. These compensations were downward in the advanced stages. Other factors may also impact NO/eNOS compensation. Although the role of NO/eNOS as biomarkers for PH in dogs remains equivocal, they may indicate compensatory consequences of cardiovascular alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lactobacillus</i> Re-Engineers Gut Microbiota to Overcome <i>E. coli</i> Colonization Resistance in Mice.","authors":"Jianlei Jia, Pengjia Bao, Qinran Yu, Ning Li, Hao Ren, Qian Chen, Ping Yan","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050484","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal health and functionality of animals play pivotal roles in nutrient digestion and absorption, as well as in maintaining defense against pathogenic invasions. These biological processes are modulated by various determinants, including husbandry conditions, dietary composition, and gut microbial ecology. The excessive use of anthropogenic antibiotics may disrupt intestinal microbiota composition, potentially leading to dysbiosis that directly compromises host homeostasis. While <i>Lactobacillus</i> species are recognized for their immunomodulatory properties, their precise mechanisms in regulating host anti-inflammatory gene expression and influencing mucosal layer maturation, particularly regarding <i>E. coli</i> colonization resistance, require further elucidation. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of <i>Lactobacillus</i> in relation to intestinal architecture and function during <i>E. coli</i> infection, we established a colonic infection model using Bal b/c mice, conducting systematic analyses of intestinal morphology, inflammatory mediator profiles, and microbial community dynamics. Our results demonstrate that <i>Lactobacillus</i> supplementation (<i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i>) effectively mitigated <i>E. coli</i> O78-induced enteritis, with co-administration during infection facilitating the restoration of physiological parameters, including body mass, intestinal histoarchitecture, and microbial metabolic functions. Microbiome profiling revealed that the <i>Lactobacillus</i> intervention significantly elevated <i>Lactococcus</i> abundance while reducing <i>Weissella</i> populations (<i>p</i> < 0.05), concurrently enhancing metabolic pathways related to nutrient assimilation and environmental signal processing (including translation mechanisms, ribosomal biogenesis, amino acid transport metabolism, and energy transduction systems; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Mechanistically, <i>Lactobacillus</i> administration attenuated <i>E. coli</i>-induced intestinal pathology through multiple pathways: downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β, IL-1α, and TNF-α), upregulating epithelial junctional complexes (Occludin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1), and stimulating mucin biosynthesis (MUC1 and MUC2; <i>p</i> < 0.05). These modifications collectively enhanced mucosal barrier integrity and promoted epithelial maturation. This investigation advances our comprehension of microbiota-host crosstalk during enteropathogenic infections under probiotic intervention, offering valuable insights for developing novel nutritional strategies and microbial management protocols in animal husbandry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Insemination Infusion of Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells-Derived Conditioned Medium: A Novel Approach for Improving Pregnancy Outcomes in Problem Mares.","authors":"Chiara Del Prete, Emilia Attolini, Barbara Merlo, Eleonora Iacono, Francesca Paola Nocera, Luisa De Martino, Consiglia Longobardi, Sara Damiano, Valentina Longobardi, Natascia Cocchia, Maria Pia Pasolini","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050482","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treating endometritis is one of the major challenges faced by veterinarians. The effect of post-insemination intrauterine infusion Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived conditioned medium (WJ-MSC-CM) on the uterine response and pregnancy outcomes in problem mares was evaluated in this study. The cycles of 12 problem mares were treated seven/eight hours after insemination with intrauterine infusion of 20 mL of WJ-MSC-CM (TRT) or non-conditioned Ringer's lactate solution (CTR). Before (PRE) and 12 h after (POST) treatment, an ultrasonographic examination and a low-volume flush (LVF) for efflux clarity evaluation and bacteriological and cytological analysis were made. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at 14 days and confirmed at 60 days after ovulation. A decrease (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in polymorphonuclear neutrophils infiltration and a trend toward significance in LVF efflux clarity (<i>p</i> < 0.1) were observed in TRT cycles. The TRT (50%) had a higher pregnancy rate (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than CTR group (0%) at first cycle. Only a trend toward significance was observed comparing pregnancy frequencies between the two groups (CTR 12.5% vs. TRT 54.5%), the pregnancy rate of TRT cycles was comparable to that of normal mares (<i>p</i> > 0.05) and higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than that reported for problem mares in the literature. Post-insemination uterine infusion of WJ-MSC-CM in mares restores pregnancy rates to normal levels, by its anti-inflammatory effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological Characteristics of Pregnant Tree Shrews Infected by Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus Genotype and the Effect of Estrogen on Virus Replication.","authors":"Peiying Zhu, Guojun Wang, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Chalita Jainonthee, Jijing Tian, Yan Liu, Fanan Suksawat, Sunpetch Angkititrakul, Yuchen Nan, Zailei Li, Xinhui Duan, Wengui Li","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050483","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis E, caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), is a zoonotic disease that extends beyond hepatocellular necrosis to replicate in multiple organs. While most infections are self-limiting, HEV infection during pregnancy is associated with severe outcomes, including acute liver failure, preterm delivery, and miscarriage, with the mechanisms underlying this high pathogenicity remaining poorly understood. This study established a pregnant tree shrew model with a late-stage HEV infection and a cellular model using zoonotic HEV genotypes GT3 and GT4 to investigate the effects of estrogen on HEV replication. Results showed that negative-strand RNA detection revealed replicative intermediates in feces and tissues during the acute phase, with peak viral loads occurring within one week and the highest titers in bile. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels rose at 3 days post-inoculation (DPI), peaking at 7 DPI. Elevated estrogen levels post-miscarriage correlated with increased viral loads, a trend mirrored in cell culture models showing linear relationships between estrogen and viral replication. Histopathology demonstrated viral hepatitis lesions in liver tissues and abnormalities in the uterus, ovaries, and brain, including hydropic degeneration, neuronal disruption, and granulosa cell necrosis. This study developed a pregnant tree shrew model for HEV infection, providing a robust tool for exploring pathogenic mechanisms during pregnancy and genotype-specific differences in zoonotic HEV pathogenicity. These findings offer new insights into the role of estrogen in HEV replication and its contribution to adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterinary Perspectives on Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers in Experimental Hemorrhagic Shock: Insights from Rabbit Models.","authors":"Ștefania-Mădălina Dandea, Alina-Diana Hașaș, Vlad-Alexandru Toma, Maria Lehene, Florina Scurtu, Cosmin Petru Peștean, Răzvan-Andrei Codea, Lucia-Victoria Bel, Iulia Melega, Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu, Bogdan Sevastre","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050485","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) represent a promising alternative to traditional blood transfusions, offering the advantages of extended shelf life and avoiding blood compatibility limitations and infection risks. Positive effects of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) on hemorrhagic shock have been researched across various animal species, including swine, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and dogs. As previously described, HBOCs based on ovine hemoglobin display better efficiency in the context of hemorrhagic shock compared to those based on the more commonly used bovine hemoglobin. This was evidenced through higher survival rates and more favorable histopathological and immunological outcomes. The vascular effects of ovine hemoglobin polymerized with glutaraldehyde exposure included the absence of hypertension, minimal endothelial damage with slight alterations in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and reduced vascular inflammation mediated by interleukin-10 (IL-10). Ovine hemoglobin has emerged as a particularly promising raw material for the development of HBOCs, surpassing bovine and human hemoglobin due to its advantages in availability and efficacy. Furthermore, reducing oxidative stress by polymerizing hemoglobin with glutaraldehyde is most effective with ovine hemoglobin compared to bovine hemoglobin. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ovine hemoglobin polymerized with glutaraldehyde in managing hemorrhagic shock in rabbits, with a focus on its ability to maintain blood pressure, support oxygen transport, and assess potential systemic and oxidative responses. Fifteen adult New Zealand white rabbits, divided into three equal groups, were included in this study: a negative control group transfused with colloid solutions, a positive control group treated with autotransfusion, and a group receiving HBOCs. All groups underwent a hemorrhagic shock protocol, with 40% of their total blood volume withdrawn under deep anesthesia, followed by transfusions 30 min later. Vital parameters, including invasive arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and end-tidal CO₂, were measured throughout the experimental procedures. Arterial blood gas samples were collected before the procedures, after hemorrhagic shock induction, and at the conclusion of the transfusion. In summary, HBOCs offer a promising solution for oxygen delivery, but their effects on blood chemistry, particularly CO₂ and lactate levels, must be considered. Although no direct oxygenation issues were observed in experimental models, elevated CO₂ levels and the interference of HBOCs with lactate measurements emphasize the importance of vigilant clinical monitoring. Polymerized hemoglobin provides a non-nephrotoxic alternative, but challenges persist in preventing nitric oxide scavenging and ensuring effective oxygen delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Monitoring of Cardiac Output Using Non-Invasive Impedance Cardiography in Dogs: A Pilot Study on Heartworm Extraction and Gastric Decompression.","authors":"Daesik Kim, Seol-Gi Park, Min Su Kim","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050478","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric dilatation (GD) and heartworm disease (HW) can significantly impact cardiovascular function, necessitating timely intervention. This study evaluated hemodynamic changes in these conditions using impedance cardiography (ICG), a non-invasive technique for real-time monitoring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cardiac parameters were measured using ICG in healthy controls, HW, and GD groups at baseline, during intervention, and post-treatment. Statistical analyses involved repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc comparisons, and relative changes (%) quantified hemodynamic improvements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant increase in cardiac index (CI) occurred post-treatment in both HW (+14.71%, <i>p</i> = 0.0102) and GD (+28.53%, <i>p</i> = 0.0336) groups. Cardiac output (CO) exhibited an increasing trend, though without significance (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) remained stable, although the GD group exhibited an upward trend post decompression (<i>p</i> = 0.1213).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Heartworm extraction and gastric decompression induced measurable cardiovascular improvements, with distinct recovery patterns. Non-invasive monitoring effectively captured cardiovascular changes, suggesting its utility as an adjunctive tool in clinical assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Omics Unveils Inflammatory Regulation of Fermented Sini Decoction Dregs in Broilers Infected with Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>.","authors":"Shuanghao Mo, Xin Fang, Wenxi Xiao, Bowen Huang, Chunsheng Li, Hui Yang, Yilin Wu, Yiming Wang, Hongxia Ma","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050479","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian colibacillosis causes significant economic losses and raises concerns for human health due to food safety risks, a problem exacerbated by the increase in antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to develop novel antibacterial strategies using fermented liquid of Sini decoction dregs to address these challenges. We analyzed the transcriptome of the chicken thymus sample <i>GSE69014</i> in the <i>GEO</i> database to identify immune-related genes, performed molecular docking to assess compound interactions, and experimental validation via Western blot and ELISA to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects. Results revealed 11 core genes, including <i>TLR4</i>, critical for immune responses against the infection, with <i>TLR4</i> activating key inflammatory pathways. Fermented liquid with probiotics enhanced bioactivity, and natural compounds <i>Dioscin</i> and <i>Celastrol</i> from the fermented liquid inhibited inflammation by targeting the <i>TLR4-MD2</i> complex. In animal models, fermented liquid outperformed individual compounds, likely due to synergistic effects, significantly reducing inflammatory markers. These findings demonstrate that fermented liquid of Sini decoction dregs offers a promising, sustainable approach to control avian colibacillosis, mitigate antibiotic resistance, and improve poultry health, providing a scientific foundation for its application in farming to reduce economic losses and enhance food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Studies on Eye Diseases in Centers for Stray Dogs in Northwestern Romania.","authors":"Elena Bonea, Cornel Dionisie Igna, Monica Ocnean, Bianca Cornelia Lungu, Ioan Hutu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050480","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eye disease in dogs is a common problem that can affect both the health and well-being of the animals. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of the most common eye diseases in a large population of dogs from two stray dog centers in northwestern Romania over a two-year period.We conducted a retrospective observational study of 208 eye diseases in two dog shelters in northwestern Romania: the \"Ham Ham\" Association and the \"Free Life\" Association in Satu Mare County. The study spanned from January 2022 to December 2023. We collected data on eye disease status from a total of 2293 dogs. The dogs were categorized into three age groups: young dogs (under 2 years), adult dogs (2 to 7 years), and senior dogs (over 7 years). Additionally, the dogs were grouped by sterilization status and gender. The statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-squared test, Student's <i>t</i>-test, and binary logistic regression. The prevalence of ocular diseases in this study was 9.07%, with 208 out of 2293 dogs diagnosed with eye problems. The most common ocular diseases observed were conjunctivitis (58/208 or 27.9%), eyelid issues (50/208 or 24%), cataracts (40/208 or 19.2%), glaucoma (13/208 or 6.3%), keratopathies (10/208 or 4.8%), traumatic eye injuries (10/208 or 4.8%), foreign bodies (7/208 or 3.4%), blepharitis (5/208 or 2.4%), proptosis (3/208 or 1.4%), progressive retinal atrophy ((3/208 or 1.4%), retinal detachment ((3/208 or 1.4%), and dry eye (2/208 or 1%). Among the three age groups, puppies and young dogs (under 2 years) were the most affected, with a punctual prevalence of 50.96% at the \"Free Life\" center and 65.51% at the \"Ham Ham\" center. Compared with older dogs, the younger dogs were 4.91 times more likely to develop conjunctivitis (OR = 4.91, <i>p</i> = 0.001), 9.38 times more likely to develop eyelid problems (OR = 9.38, <i>p</i> < 0.000), and 0.31 times less likely to develop cataracts (OR = 0.31, <i>p</i> = 0.019).Our epidemiological study found that eye diseases are common among shelter dogs, with incidence rates (new cases over a specific period) varying by age. The youngest and oldest dogs were the most affected, with the highest prevalence observed in the youngest group. The study also highlighted the significant impact of factors such as the shelter center (<i>p</i> < 0.000), age (<i>p</i> < 0.000), and sterilization status (<i>p</i> < 0.000) on the prevalence of eye disorders. These findings underscore the need for enhanced awareness about eye diseases and their risk factors to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}