Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Environment-Associated Variations in Blood Metabolism of Mongolian Cattle Grazing in the Alxa Desert of China.","authors":"Chao Hai, Dongchao Pei, Yuqing Yang, Lishuang Song, Xuefei Liu, Chunling Bai, Guanghua Su, Lei Yang, Guangpeng Li","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Desert environments pose severe challenges to livestock survival. This study examined climate-driven physiological and metabolic adaptations in 258 Mongolian cattle from six regions of the Alxa Desert, China. Serum biochemical indices were measured and analyzed using linear models to assess the effects of climate, sex, and age. Climate significantly affected key blood parameters, including glucose (<i>p</i> < 0.001), creatinine (<i>p</i> < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and lactate (<i>p</i> = 0.034). Additionally, sex significantly influenced lactate dehydrogenase (<i>p</i> = 0.049), bicarbonate (<i>p</i> = 0.0061), urea (<i>p</i> = 0.0055), and triglycerides (<i>p</i> = 0.039), while age affected total protein (<i>p</i> = 0.020), LDL-C (<i>p</i> = 0.0097), and cholesterol (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Glucose levels were negatively correlated with body size traits. Metabolomic profiling showed that cattle in arid, high-radiation areas exhibited reduced TCA cycle and fatty acid metabolism, with concurrent carbohydrate accumulation, including glucose, fructose, and mannose. Enhanced amino acid metabolism increased proline, valine, tyrosine, and tryptophan levels, potentially supporting physiological stability under heat and drought stress. These findings reveal how Mongolian cattle modulate metabolism in response to desert climates, offering insights into livestock adaptation and informing breeding strategies for resilience in harsh environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine Mapping Identifies Candidate Genes Associated with Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome.","authors":"Katharina Gerhards, Sabrina Becker, Josef Kühling, Joel Mickan, Mirjam Lechner, Hermann Willems, Gerald Reiner","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swine inflammation and necrosis syndrome (SINS) is a widespread disease in pigs, causing pain, suffering, and damage. Inflammation is documented at different levels based on clinical signs, histopathology, clinical chemistry, metabolomics and transcriptomics. The influence of sow and boar, as well as a heritability of around 0.3, suggest a genetic component to the disease. The aim of the present study was to identify functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vicinity of gene markers previously mapped using GWAS. DNA samples were available from 234 already phenotyped piglets. These animals were re-sequenced with additional prior enrichment. The nine selected chromosomal regions cover a total length of 22 Mbp. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed two series with a total of 15 significant missense polymorphisms on chromosomes 11, 14, and 15. The homozygous genotypes of the most discriminating SNPs in series 1 resulted in SINS scores of 3.5 and 17.9, respectively. Despite the partial linkage of the SNPs, interesting candidate genes were defined. The results allow a significant narrowing of the possible candidate genes for understanding the pathogenesis of SINS and for future use in selection breeding to overcome the syndrome. Further studies should be carried out on larger animal populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Nanoparticles Inhibit Biofilm Formation by Mastitis-Causing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Renata de Freitas Leite, Breno Luis Nery Garcia, Kristian da Silva Barbosa, Thatiane Mendes Mitsunaga, Carlos Eduardo Fidelis, Bruna Juliana Moreira Dias, Renata Rank de Miranda, Valtencir Zucolotto, Liam Good, Marcos Veiga Dos Santos","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a mastitis pathogen that compromises cow health and causes significant economic losses in the dairy industry. High antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation by <i>S. aureus</i> limit the efficacy of conventional treatments. This study evaluated the potential of polyhexamethylene biguanide nanoparticles (PHMB NPs) against mastitis-causing <i>S. aureus</i>. PHMB NPs showed low toxicity to bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) at concentrations up to four times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (1 µg/mL) against <i>S. aureus</i>. In Experiment 1, PHMB NPs significantly reduced biofilm formation by <i>S. aureus</i> by 50% at concentrations ≥1 µg/mL, though they showed limited efficacy against preformed biofilms. In Experiment 2, using an excised teat model, PHMB NPs reduced <i>S. aureus</i> concentrations by 37.57% compared to conventional disinfectants (chlorhexidine gluconate, povidone-iodine, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate), though limited by short contact time. These findings highlight the potential of PHMB NPs for the control of <i>S. aureus</i> growth and biofilm formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1 Concentrations as Biomarkers in Dogs with Neurological Distemper.","authors":"Alper Erturk, Aliye Sagkan Ozturk, Atakan Ozturk","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine distemper, caused by <i>Morbillivirus canis</i>, is a highly morbid and lethal disease characterized by multiple systemic and neurological signs. In recent years, biomarkers, such as Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1, have been investigated in inflammatory and degenerative diseases. However, the role of these biomarkers in neurological distemper has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to compare blood serum Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1 concentrations between the neurological distemper and control group, and to evaluate the correlations of these biomarkers with hematobiochemical parameters in dogs with neurological distemper. Nineteen owned dogs (13 diagnosed with neurological distemper and 6 controls) were included in the study. Hematobiochemical analyses were performed in all dogs, and Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Serum concentrations of Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1 were markedly elevated in dogs with neurological distemper compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A negative correlation between Galectin-3 and monocytes (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a positive correlation between Galectin-3 and platelet and platelecrit levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were observed. There was negative correlation with Cardiotrophin-1 and lymphocyte percentage (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and a positive correlation with Cardiotrophin-1 and granulocyte percentage (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1 may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and understanding of neurological distemper pathogenesis. Elevated serum concentrations of these biomarkers may indicate underlying neuroinflammation. This may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological distemper.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bluetongue's New Frontier-Are Dogs at Risk?","authors":"Rita Payan-Carreira, Margarida Simões","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bluetongue virus (BTV), traditionally considered a pathogen of ruminants, has recently been documented in dogs, challenging conventional understanding of its epidemiology. This narrative review synthesizes emerging evidence regarding BTV infections in domestic and wild carnivores, examining transmission dynamics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges. Carnivores can become infected through vector transmission and oral ingestion of infected material. While some infected carnivores remain subclinical, others develop severe clinical manifestations including hemorrhagic syndromes. BTV infection in carnivores is likely underdiagnosed due to limited awareness, nonspecific clinical signs, and absence of established diagnostic protocols for non-ruminant species. The potential role of carnivores in BTV epidemiology remains largely unexplored, raising questions about their function as reservoirs or dead-end hosts. Additionally, carnivores may contribute to alternative transmission pathways and overwintering mechanisms that impact disease ecology. Current biosecurity frameworks and surveillance systems, primarily focused on ruminants, require expansion to incorporate carnivores in viral maintenance and transmission. This review identifies significant knowledge gaps regarding BTV in carnivores and proposes future research directions, including serological surveys, transmission studies, and investigation of viral tropism in carnivore tissues. A comprehensive One Health approach integrating diverse host species, vector ecology, human interference, and environmental factors is crucial for effective BTV control and impact mitigation on human, animals, and environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and Comparison of Sow Serum Samples from Herds Regularly Mass Vaccinated with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Virus Using Four Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays and Neutralizing Tests.","authors":"Chaosi Li, Gang Wang, Zhicheng Liu, Shuhe Fang, Aihua Fan, Kai Chen, Jianfeng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified live virus (MLV) vaccination is used to control PRRSV. In China, farms conduct random sampling from sow herds every 4 to 6 months. They use the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to monitor the immune status of the herd by tracking the positive rate or the sample-to-positive ratio. However, in farms that implement mass vaccination and have stable production, the positive rate of ELISA antibodies has decreased, especially in high-parity sows. This poses a considerable challenge to the current monitoring approach of PRRSV immunity. It remains unclear whether this reflects insufficient sensitivity of the kits for these special scenarios or the fact that the sows have truly lost immunity. In this study, 233 samples from four farms (A-D) across different regions of China were acquired. They were tested using four representative ELISA kits, two targeting the nucleocapsid protein (N) and two targeting the glycoprotein (GP) to evaluate PRRS immune status. The respective sample positive rates in A-D were 57.1-100%, 50.9-100%, 50-100%, and 75.7-100% using the kits. The positive rates using the four ELISA kits were 50.0-75.7%, 70.0-75.7%, 82.5-97.1%, and 100%, respectively, with poor agreement among them. The positive rates and humoral antibody levels for parity 1 and 2 sows were significantly lower than those with higher parities (>4). Eighty-eight ELISA-negative samples identified using ELISA kit A were verified using a viral neutralizing test (VNT), with only 15.9% of the samples testing negative. In conclusion, the ELISA antibody negativity issue existed, mostly occurring in specific farms tested using a specific kit. However, the low correlation with the VNT results and the poor agreements among the kits suggest that relying on one ELISA test is insufficient to monitor the immune status of PRRSV MLV-vaccinated herds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanishing Lung Syndrome in a Dog: Giant Pneumatocele or Giant Pulmonary Bulla Mimicking Tension Pneumothorax-First Report.","authors":"Jack-Yves Deschamps, Nour Abboud, Pierre Penaud, Françoise A Roux","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 6-month-old neutered male Belgian Malinois dog living in a kennel was presented to a veterinary emergency service for the management of severe respiratory distress that had developed within the past 24 h. Thoracic radiographs performed by a referring veterinarian showed abnormalities identified as a pneumothorax. Upon admission to the emergency service, the striking anomalies turned out to be a large intrathoracic air-filled cavity and countless smaller ones causing mechanical compression of the adjacent pulmonary parenchyma and mimicking tension pneumothorax. Emergency management included thoracocentesis followed by placement of a thoracostomy tube. The dog exhibited rapid clinical improvement and recovered completely within a few days, without requiring surgical intervention. Serial follow-up radiographs showed progressive and complete resolution of all lesions. Based on the complete resolution without resection, the main lesion-initially interpreted as a giant pulmonary bulla-was ultimately considered consistent with an acquired pneumatocele. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in veterinary medicine of a vanishing lung syndrome presentation in a dog.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Exploration of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>Giardia intestinalis</i>, <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i>, and <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in Yaks: Investigating Ecological and Zoonotic Dynamics in Lhasa, Xizang.","authors":"Yaru Ji, Munwar Ali, Chang Xu, Jia Wang, Md F Kulyar, Shah Nawaz, Khalid Mehmood, Mingming Liu, Kun Li","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>), prevalent at an altitude between 3000 and 5000 m above sea level, provides the local inhabitants with meat, milk, leather, fuel (dung), and transport. However, intestinal zoonotic parasites seriously endanger its holistic well-being. The prime concern of this study is to investigate the prevalence of four globally ubiquitous zoonotic enteric protozoans, namely <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>G. intestinalis</i>, <i>Blastocystis</i> spp., and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in yaks from different areas of Lhasa, Xizang. In the given study, 377 yak fecal samples from various regions in Lhasa were obtained, including 161 samples from Linzhou County, 66 samples from Dangxiong County, and 150 samples from the Nimu County cattle farms. Molecular identification of these protozoans was done after amplification using PCR and sequencing of PCR-positive samples, and further phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results indicated that the prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>G. intestinalis</i>, <i>E. bieneusi</i>, and <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in yak farms in Linzhou County was 48.5, 22.9, 47.8, and 90.7%; 65.2, 13.6, 72.7, and 87.9% in Dangxiong County; and 56.0, 29.3, 58.0, and 80.0%, respectively, in Nimu County. The results of this study provide a basic reference for preventing and controlling intestinal parasites in yaks in Lhasa, Xizang.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation and Immunogenicity of Virus-like Particles Based on the Capsid Protein of a Chinese Epidemic Strain of Feline Panleukopenia Virus.","authors":"Erkai Feng, Guoliang Luo, Chunxia Wang, Wei Liu, Ruxun Yan, Xue Bai, Yuening Cheng","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline panleukopenia (FPL), caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV), is a severe and highly contagious viral disease with high morbidity and mortality. Vaccination remains the gold standard for preventing and controlling this debilitating condition. The viral protein VP2 serves as the major immunogen of FPLV and represents the key target antigen in the development of a novel FPLV vaccine. Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines have emerged as next-generation vaccine candidates due to their high immunogenicity and safe profile. In this study, a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) was employed to generate FPLV-VLPs through recombinant expression of the VP2 protein of a Chinese epidemic strain (Ala91Ser, Ile101Thr) of FPLV. The resulting FPLV-VLPs demonstrated markedly enhanced antigenicity and hemagglutination activity, achieving a hemagglutination titer of up to 1:2¹⁶. Following vaccination, immunized cats developed high titers of anti-FPLV hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies (1:2¹⁶) and exhibited 100% protection against challenge with a virulent epidemic FPLV variant (Ala91Ser, Ile101Thr). These findings demonstrate that FPLV-VLPs hold strong potential as candidates for a novel subunit vaccine against FPLV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study on the Genetic Parameters and Possibilities of Selecting Gilts for Traits Monitored in the Performance Test.","authors":"Nenad Stojiljković, Čedomir Radović, Marija Gogić, Vladimir Živković, Aleksandra Petrović, Krstina Zeljić Stojiljković, Dubravko Škorput","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research examined the phenotypic and genotypic variability of traits assessed in the gilt performance test and their subsequent impact on gilt selection. The traits evaluated in the gilt performance test were analyzed on two pig farms over a period of 3 consecutive years. A total of 3664 gilts were included in the research. At the end of the test, body weight, backfat thickness (BF1 and BF2), and longissimus dorsi muscle depth (MLD) were measured using an ultrasound device. The following breeds were evaluated on the farms: Landrace (L)-1981 gilts, Large White (LW)-1344 gilts, and Duroc (D)-339 gilts. In the analyzed population, direct genetic effects accounted for 0.2647 of the total variation in age at the end of the test (AET). Heritability coefficients of 0.37 for BF1 and 0.35 for BF2 indicate that these traits are highly heritable in the studied population. On the other hand, the heritability coefficient for the depth of MLD, which is 0.23, places this trait in the group of medium heritable traits. High heritability coefficients of these traits indicate great potential for genetic improvement through selection. The use of well-designed selection programs aimed at these traits can significantly accelerate the genetic improvement of the population and have an impact on the economic profit of pork production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}