Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura, Liz Hansen, Martin L Katz
{"title":"18号染色体上缺乏FGF4逆转录基因插入导致大巴吉特格里芬文森犬的高表型。","authors":"Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura, Liz Hansen, Martin L Katz","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090916","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Every dog breed has characteristic physical features that have been fixed through numerous generations of selective breeding. For the Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen (GBGV) breed, short-leggedness has been established as the breed standard. Although breeders have been consistent in only breeding dogs that meet this standard, occasionally litters have included dogs that are significantly taller. In many dog breeds short leg length is associated with insertion of an <i>FGF4</i> retrogene (<i>FGF4RG</i>) at specific sites on either chromosome 12 (<i>12-FGF4RG</i>) and/or 18 (<i>18-FGF4RG</i>). A study was undertaken to determine whether <i>FGF4RG</i> genotype is the basis of the height difference. Of 47 GBGVs that were evaluated, 41 had leg lengths within the breed standard and 6 were significantly taller. None of the dogs had the <i>12-FGF4RG</i> insertion. The short-legged dogs were either homozygous or heterozygous for the <i>18-FGF4RG</i> insertion. All six long-legged dogs were homozygous for the non-insertion allele. This indicates that selective breeding based on phenotype alone has not been sufficient to fix short-leggedness in the breed due to retention of the non-insertion allele. The finding that one copy of the insertion is sufficient to confer short-leggedness indicates that expression of the retrogene during development is likely to inhibit growth of the limbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474442/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Absence of <i>FGF4</i> Retrogene Insertion on Chromosome 18 Results in a Tall Phenotype in Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen Dogs.\",\"authors\":\"Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura, Liz Hansen, Martin L Katz\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/vetsci12090916\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Every dog breed has characteristic physical features that have been fixed through numerous generations of selective breeding. For the Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen (GBGV) breed, short-leggedness has been established as the breed standard. Although breeders have been consistent in only breeding dogs that meet this standard, occasionally litters have included dogs that are significantly taller. In many dog breeds short leg length is associated with insertion of an <i>FGF4</i> retrogene (<i>FGF4RG</i>) at specific sites on either chromosome 12 (<i>12-FGF4RG</i>) and/or 18 (<i>18-FGF4RG</i>). A study was undertaken to determine whether <i>FGF4RG</i> genotype is the basis of the height difference. Of 47 GBGVs that were evaluated, 41 had leg lengths within the breed standard and 6 were significantly taller. None of the dogs had the <i>12-FGF4RG</i> insertion. The short-legged dogs were either homozygous or heterozygous for the <i>18-FGF4RG</i> insertion. All six long-legged dogs were homozygous for the non-insertion allele. This indicates that selective breeding based on phenotype alone has not been sufficient to fix short-leggedness in the breed due to retention of the non-insertion allele. The finding that one copy of the insertion is sufficient to confer short-leggedness indicates that expression of the retrogene during development is likely to inhibit growth of the limbs.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23694,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Veterinary Sciences\",\"volume\":\"12 9\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474442/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Veterinary Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12090916\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12090916","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Absence of FGF4 Retrogene Insertion on Chromosome 18 Results in a Tall Phenotype in Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen Dogs.
Every dog breed has characteristic physical features that have been fixed through numerous generations of selective breeding. For the Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen (GBGV) breed, short-leggedness has been established as the breed standard. Although breeders have been consistent in only breeding dogs that meet this standard, occasionally litters have included dogs that are significantly taller. In many dog breeds short leg length is associated with insertion of an FGF4 retrogene (FGF4RG) at specific sites on either chromosome 12 (12-FGF4RG) and/or 18 (18-FGF4RG). A study was undertaken to determine whether FGF4RG genotype is the basis of the height difference. Of 47 GBGVs that were evaluated, 41 had leg lengths within the breed standard and 6 were significantly taller. None of the dogs had the 12-FGF4RG insertion. The short-legged dogs were either homozygous or heterozygous for the 18-FGF4RG insertion. All six long-legged dogs were homozygous for the non-insertion allele. This indicates that selective breeding based on phenotype alone has not been sufficient to fix short-leggedness in the breed due to retention of the non-insertion allele. The finding that one copy of the insertion is sufficient to confer short-leggedness indicates that expression of the retrogene during development is likely to inhibit growth of the limbs.
期刊介绍:
Veterinary Sciences is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal. It publishes original that are relevant to any field of veterinary sciences, including prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in animals. This journal covers almost all topics related to animal health and veterinary medicine. Research fields of interest include but are not limited to: anaesthesiology anatomy bacteriology biochemistry cardiology dentistry dermatology embryology endocrinology epidemiology genetics histology immunology microbiology molecular biology mycology neurobiology oncology ophthalmology parasitology pathology pharmacology physiology radiology surgery theriogenology toxicology virology.