Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Cross-Species Reactivity and Differential Anti-PRRSV Activities of CD163 SRCR4/SRCR5 Monoclonal Antibodies.","authors":"Yifan Meng, Shuai Yang, Jun Jiao, Pingping Zhang, Qinchao Guan, Yanhan Lin, Meng Cui, Xinkai Wang, Xiaoyang Zhu, Ming Qiu, Hong Lin, Wanglong Zheng, Jianzhong Zhu, Ana M M Stoian, Lorenzo Fraile, Nanhua Chen","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13080835","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13080835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CD163 not only acts as an essential receptor for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection but also serves as a barrier to cross-species cellular infection by arteriviruses. Among its domains, the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich 5 (SRCR5) domain of CD163 is functionally indispensable. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), designated 5A and 11D, were developed against the SRCR4-6 region of porcine CD163. The linear epitopes recognized by mAbs 5A and 11D were identified as ⁵⁴⁶CEGHESHLSLCPVAP⁵⁶⁰ in SRCR5 and ⁴⁴⁹WDCKNW⁴⁵⁴ in SRCR4, respectively. Crystal structural analysis and sequence alignment showed that the ⁵⁴⁶CEGHESHLSLCPVAP⁵⁶⁰ epitope resides in the long loop 5-6 of SRCR5, which is a key structural region responsible for ligand binding. Meanwhile, the ⁴⁴⁹WDCKNW⁴⁵⁴ epitope is located within a highly conserved region of SRCR4, which confers broad cross-species reactivity. Notably, mAb 5A reduced PRRSV infection, while mAb 11D exhibited no anti-PRRSV activity in target cells. Collectively, this study provides essential molecular tools for exploring CD163-domain-dependent cross-species reactivity and developing anti-PRRSV strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics in Poultry: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Directions.","authors":"Zhe Jia, Yanfei He, Haijun Xu, Cai Zhang, Shunan Cuan","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13080831","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13080831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global poultry consumption continues to rise, while worldwide bans on in-feed antibiotic growth promoters raise an urgent requirement for eco-friendly alternatives to guarantee production efficiency and food safety. Probiotics, live beneficial microorganisms that improve host intestinal health, are reviewed. We elaborate four core functional pathways of probiotics: competitive exclusion of pathogens, enhancement of intestinal barrier integrity, immune modulation and regulation of microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. Their mitigating effects against heat stress, suboptimal rearing environments, mycotoxin contamination, heavy metal exposure and immune stress are analyzed. We further evaluate the capacity of single and compound probiotics to control major poultry diseases. Early-life intervention strategies and innovative preparations (multistrain probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics) are systematically summarized. Critical bottlenecks restricting industrial translation are highlighted, including empirical strain combination, non-standardized administration protocols, divergent evaluation indicators and single-factor laboratory challenge models inconsistent with actual farm conditions. Finally, we propose future research directions covering multi-omics-assisted strain screening, optimized delivery technology, unified industrial quality control standards and field verification under compound stress. This review offers integrated references for mechanistic research, strain development and precise industrial application of probiotics in sustainable antibiotic-free poultry breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloning, Bioinformatics Analysis, and Preparation of Polyclonal Antibody for Duck Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1.","authors":"Sheng Yang, Yikun Zhu, Xin Wang, Yufei Huang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13080830","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13080830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) plays a crucial role in the apoptotic process. This study involved gene cloning, protein expression, bioinformatics analysis, and the preparation of a specific polyclonal antibody. First, the coding sequence of the duck <i>cIAP1</i> was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Bioinformatics prediction indicated that this protein is a stable hydrophilic protein with no signal peptides and transmembrane domains. It contains characteristic BIR (bacterial IAP repeat) domains. The secondary structure consists of 43% random coils, 28% α-helix, and 8% β-strand, and its 3D structure is highly conserved compared with human and mouse cIAP1. Subsequently, the cIAP1 was cloned into the pET-28a vector. The recombinant His-tagged cIAP1 protein was successfully expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21(DE3) upon induction and subsequently purified. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the purified protein emulsified in Freund's adjuvant generated polyclonal antibodies. Indirect ELISA confirmed that the antibody titer exceeded 1:2,048,000. Additionally, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the antibody specifically recognized native duck cIAP1 protein without non-specific reactions with negative serum. This study successfully achieved prokaryotic expression of duck cIAP1 and produced a high-titer, highly specific mouse polyclonal antibody. This antibody is suitable for experiments such as Western blotting and immunofluorescence, providing important biological materials and a theoretical basis for further investigation of the anti-apoptotic mechanism of cIAP1 in major diseases of ducks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a Novel Isolate of the Poultry Roundworm <i>Ascaridia galli</i> and Its Egg Embryo Developmental Dynamics In Vitro.","authors":"Zhaoruiyi Li, Xuan Zhou, Yuxin Qin, Lidan Wang, Xinhui Zhang, Sara Guesmia, Yue Xie","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13080827","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13080827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ascaridia galli</i> is a major gastrointestinal nematode of poultry that causes significant economic losses worldwide. In this study, we characterized a new isolate, <i>A. galli</i> AgSC_2025, obtained from Xichuan black-bone chickens in China, using an integrative approach by combining morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mitogenomics and then its complete developmental changes in eggs-the primary source of infection-was also documented using a high-resolution auto-microscopic imaging. The adult worms exhibited diagnostic characteristics of <i>A. galli</i>, including three distinct lips and a specific arrangement of male caudal papillae. Molecular analysis showed a 99.84% mitogenome identity with previously reported <i>A. galli</i> and positioned the isolate and <i>A. galli</i> in one branch which was sister to other congeneric species within the <i>Ascaridia</i> clade. Furthermore, the high-resolution auto-microscopic imaging system yielded a detailed and complete in vitro egg developmental dynamics with thirteen distinct stages, ranging from the initial 1-cell stage to the infective third-stage larva (L3); and further developmental timeline emphasized that the infective L3 larvae predominated by day 10, with 100% reaching this stage on day 13. Viability assays demonstrated a 79.8% ± 0.46% larval hatching rate and the high vitality of the liberated larvae among these infective eggs. These findings provide a comprehensive morphological and molecular reference for this <i>A. galli</i> isolate and also establish precise developmental biological parameters for egg embryonation, which should offer valuable insights for species-specific identification and the optimization of sanitation protocols to control avian ascaridiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Survey of <i>Trypanosoma</i>, <i>Babesia</i> and <i>Theileria</i> Infections in Major Livestock and Rodents in Xinjiang, Northwestern China.","authors":"Yongchang Li, Xianyue Fu, Zihan Wang, Iqra Zafar, Zeyun Cui, Shiyun Li, Xiujuan Feng, Sen Yang, Ercha Hu, Chahan Bayin","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13080833","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13080833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From September 2024 to September 2025, 310 blood samples from cattle (<i>n</i> = 151), camels (<i>n</i> = 44), horses (<i>n</i> = 71), and wild mice (<i>n</i> = 44) across six Xinjiang counties/cities were screened by microscopy, genus-specific PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Overall, 46.77% (145/310) of the samples were positive for haemoprotozoan infection. <i>Trypanosoma</i> spp. showed the highest prevalence (25.48%, 79/310), followed by Theileria (16.13%, 50/310) and Babesia (5.16%, 16/310). Notable host-specific patterns emerged: camels had the highest <i>T. evansi</i> occurrence (86.36%), while wild mice had the highest Theileria prevalence (75%). Dual infections (mostly Trypanosoma + Theileria) occurred in 8.39% (26/310) of animals, and a triple infection was found in 0.32% (1/310). Phylogenetic analysis identified <i>T. evansi</i> as predominant trypanosome, clustering with isolates from India and Saudi Arabia; the major piroplasms identified were <i>T. annulata</i>, <i>T. equi</i>, and an unidentified <i>Babesia</i> sp. This study represents the first multi-host molecular survey in Xinjiang, revealing a high infection burden, diverse parasite species, and frequent co-infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148833062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i> L.) in Veterinary Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Pharmacological Activities and Species-Specific Therapeutic Applications.","authors":"Roberto Bava, Stefano Ruga, Giovanna Liguori, Antonio Giordano, Giancarlo Statti, Mariangela Marrelli, Vincenzo Musella, Ernesto Palma, Domenico Britti, Carmine Lupia, Fabio Castagna","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13080832","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13080832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Punica granatum</i> L. (pomegranate) is one of the oldest medicinal plants known to humankind, valued across ancient civilisations for treating parasitic, microbial, and metabolic diseases. Its exceptionally rich phytochemical composition, dominated by punicalagins, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids, piperidine alkaloids, and the unique conjugated fatty acid punicic acid, confers a remarkably broad spectrum of biological activities of direct relevance to contemporary veterinary medicine. While human-health applications have been extensively reviewed, a comprehensive synthesis of veterinary evidence across multiple species remains lacking. This review consolidates current preclinical and field knowledge on the pharmacological effects of pomegranate preparations in poultry, ruminants, swine, fish, companion animals, and laboratory models. In poultry-the most extensively studied taxon-dietary inclusion of pomegranate peel powder or extract consistently enhances growth performance, antioxidant status, and humoral immunity while exerting meaningful anticoccidial activity. The antiparasitic properties are compellingly supported by evidence against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants, tapeworms, schistosomes, and protozoa including <i>Giardia</i>, <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, and <i>Leishmania</i> spp., as well as monogenean fish parasites. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity extends to major veterinary pathogens such as <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (including MRSA), and <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>. Rodent models have validated antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and reproductive benefits, including improved post-thaw sperm quality and enhanced litter size. The safety profile is generally favourable at conventional doses, although high dietary inclusion elicits anti-nutritional effects from condensed tannins, and potential drug interactions via cytochrome P450 inhibition warrant clinical caution. Despite this substantial evidence, significant translational barriers persist, including extract heterogeneity, absence of pharmacokinetic data in target species, and scarcity of controlled clinical trials. By providing a species- and pathology-driven synthesis, this review identifies critical research priorities and highlights the immense potential of this ancient, accessible, and economically viable phytobiotic as a natural alternative to antibiotic growth promoters and synthetic antiparasitics in veterinary practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Judgment Bias Responses in Domestic Dog Puppies at 60 Days of Age.","authors":"Valentina Gazzano, Virginia Bellini, Francesca Cecchi, Maria Claudia Curadi, Paolo Baragli, Angelo Gazzano, Asahi Ogi","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13080828","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13080828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Judgment bias tasks are widely used to assess affective state in adult dogs but have rarely been applied before adoption age. To test whether a spatial version is viable, 82 puppies from 17 litters were tested at 60 days of age; 80 provided valid observations for analysis. After discrimination training, positive (P), negative (N) and ambiguous (A) locations were presented in up to three trials; latency to the bowl was recorded (30 s cut-off). Latencies from the first two trials (476 observations, 85 right-censored) were analyzed with mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards models including puppy and litter as random intercepts. Median recorded times were 2.54 s (P), 13.25 s (N) and 3.86 s (A), with timeouts in 0%, 38.4% and 15.2%, respectively. Cue location affected approach rate (χ² = 207.03, df = 2, <i>p</i> < 0.001); hazard ratios were N versus P 0.11 (95% CI 0.09-0.15), A versus P 0.32 (0.25-0.41) and N versus A 0.36 (0.27-0.47), all significant (Holm-adjusted). Trial number (<i>p</i> = 0.076) and sex (<i>p</i> = 0.483) were not significant. Random-effect variances were 0.180 (puppy) and 0.261 (litter). Puppies discriminated between outcome-associated locations and approached the ambiguous location at an intermediate rate, indicating that the task is feasible at 60 days of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Analysis of Physiological Adaptation in Primiparous Dairy Cows During the Transition Period.","authors":"Akvilė Girdauskaitė, Samanta Grigė, Inga Sabeckienė, Karina Džermeikaitė, Justina Krištolaitytė, Sigitas Japertas, Rokas Macijauskas, Lina Anskienė, Bernadeta Škėlaitė, Ramūnas Antanaitis","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13080829","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13080829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transition period is a physiologically demanding stage in primiparous dairy cows, as the onset of lactation occurs simultaneously with continued growth. This longitudinal study initially enrolled 22 primiparous Holstein dairy cows. Eight cows that developed transition disorders during the monitoring period were excluded according to the predefined study protocol. Therefore, the final analysis included 14 clinically healthy primiparous Holstein dairy cows monitored from four weeks before calving to five weeks postpartum to characterize normal physiological adaptation during the transition period. Cows were monitored using continuous intraruminal sensors and automated milk analysis systems, while blood samples were collected weekly and analysed using linear mixed models with repeated measurements. Milk yield increased from 17.9 kg/day in week +1 to 26.3 kg/day in week +5 (a relative increase of 47%). Significant temporal changes were observed in iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), glucose (GLUC), triglycerides (TRIG), urea (UREA), albumin (ALB), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Serum Fe decreased from 30.9 µmol/L at week -2 to 14.5 µmol/L at week +2 (-53%), while P declined from 2.95 mmol/L at week +1 to 1.41 mmol/L at week +2 (-52%). Sensor data showed reduced physical activity (-59%) and increased water intake from 60.6 L/day in week -4 to 99.4 L/day in week +1, whereas rumination time and rumen pH remained relatively stable. Correlation analysis identified significant associations among milk yield, metabolic variables, and behavioural indicators. These findings suggest coordinated physiological adaptation during the transition period and support the use of combined blood and sensor-based monitoring to better understand early-lactation dynamics in primiparous dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148833005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution of Recurrent Severe Hypoglycemia After Surgical Excision of a Primary Hepatic Neoplasm of Uncertain Histogenesis in a Dog: A Case Report.","authors":"Hyeong-Wook Moon, Chi-Youn Song, Jong-Myung Lee, Kwang-Rae Jo, Geun-Bo Park, Hye-Soo Shim, Hwi-Yool Kim, Jung-Moon Kim","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13080822","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13080822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary hepatic neoplasms in dogs, while uncommon, are occasionally associated with severe hypoglycemia, although the underlying mechanism may be difficult to establish. A 7-year-old castrated male Maltese dog weighing 3.6 kg was referred for recurrent bilateral pelvic limb weakness, episodic collapse, and abdominal distension. Severe hypoglycemia was documented, with a blood glucose concentration of 26 mg/dL. Computed tomography revealed a large mass arising from the right lateral liver lobe, with no identifiable pancreatic mass or distant metastasis. The serum insulin concentration measured during hypoglycemia was low at 1.0 μU/mL, making insulinoma less likely. Glycemic control temporarily or partially improved during prednisolone treatment; however, severe hypoglycemia recurred after prednisolone discontinuation before surgery. The hepatic mass was surgically excised. Dextrose-containing intravenous fluids were maintained for 6 h postoperatively, and no recurrent clinically significant hypoglycemia was documented after their discontinuation. Histopathologic examination revealed a poorly differentiated neoplasm with mesenchymal morphology, occasional cytoplasmic vacuolation, and no unequivocal lipoblasts. The neoplastic cells showed diffuse vimentin immunoreactivity, weak cytoplasmic S-100 immunoreactivity in a subset of cells, and no immunoreactivity for smooth-muscle actin or hepatocyte paraffin 1. These findings raised the possibility of adipocytic differentiation but were insufficient to establish a specific tumor lineage; therefore, the lesion was classified as a primary hepatic neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. At 247 days after surgery, the dog remained normoglycemic without supplemental glucose or glucocorticoid treatment, and no imaging evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis was identified. The postoperative course supported an association between the hepatic neoplasm and hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Non-islet-cell tumor hypoglycemia was suspected but remained unconfirmed because an insulin-like growth factor-mediated mechanism was not demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Diet to Disease: The Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Horses.","authors":"Yuhong Wu, Yuhui Ma, Yiyi Zan, Xu Bai, Jing Li, Hai Li","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13080823","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13080823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The equine gastrointestinal microbiome plays an essential role in digestion, energy metabolism, immune regulation, and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that microbial-derived metabolites provide a functional link between diet, the microbiome, and host physiology. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on how dietary factors, including structural carbohydrates, non-structural carbohydrates, protein, and lipids, influence microbial function and metabolite production in horses. Relevant publications available up to June 2026 were identified through searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar and were narratively synthesized according to dietary factors, microbial metabolites, associated diseases, and nutritional interventions. Emphasis is placed on major microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, endotoxins, bile acid derivatives, tryptophan metabolites, and nitrogenous fermentation products, and their potential roles in health and disease. Current evidence supports a central role for the nutrition-microbiota-metabolite axis in gastrointestinal disorders such as colic, colitis, equine gastric ulcer syndrome, and carbohydrate-associated laminitis, whereas its involvement in equine metabolic syndrome and the gut-lung axis remains less well defined. The review also discusses microbiome-targeted nutritional interventions and emerging multi-omics approaches that are improving our understanding of microbial function. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of microbiome-informed nutritional strategies to support equine health, welfare, disease prevention, and athletic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}