Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Cryoprotectant Combinations on Post-Thawed Sperm Quality, Biomolecular Changes, DNA Methylation, and Pregnancy Rates in Boer Goat Semen.","authors":"Fareeda Suwor, Satoshi Kubota, Siriwan Nawong, Anone Thuangsanthia, Montequl Toyra, Pramote Paengkoum, Samorn Ponchunchoovong","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of various cryoprotectant combinations on post-thaw sperm quality, biomolecular changes, DNA methylation, and pregnancy rates using Boer goat semen. Synchrotron-based Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR) was used to assess biomolecular changes. A Tris-based extender supplemented with 5% glycerol was used in combination with different concentrations of cryoprotectants, including 1% and 3% soybean lecithin and 10% and 18% egg yolk, with Andromed^® serving as the control. SR-FTIR analysis revealed that the combination of 5% glycerol and 18% egg yolk (T4) resulted in significantly higher levels of lipids, ester lipids, and secondary protein structures (α-helix) compared with those under the other treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Analysis of the principal component analysis (PCA) score plot and correlation loadings revealed a positive association between the cryoprotectant combination of T4 and increased levels of lipids and ester lipids, as well as enhanced sperm motility, progressive motility, and viability. Furthermore, this combination achieved a pregnancy and parturition rate of 66.67%, which was notably higher than the rate achieved with Andromed^® (37.50%). Moreover, T4 did not show a significant difference in DNA methylation levels compared to Andromed^® and fresh sperm (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Overall, the results indicated that specific cryoprotectant combinations play a key role in enhancing the biomolecular and functional integrity of freeze-thawed Boer goat semen.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Multiplex Conventional PCR Assay for Concurrent Detection of FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11.","authors":"Su-Kyung Kang, Dam-Hee Park, Kyeongcheol Min, Sung-Sik Yoo, In-Joong Yoon, Jongseo Mo","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) belongs to the <i>Aviadenovirus</i> genus within the <i>Adenoviridae</i> family. FAdVs are widely distributed and associated with various diseases in poultry, including adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE), hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). In this study, we developed a multiplex conventional PCR for simultaneously detecting FAdV-4, -8b, and -11 by targeting the hexon gene. The multiplex PCR was optimized for primer concentrations and thermocycling conditions. The optimal primer concentration combination was set at 0.125 μM for FAdV-4, -8b, and 0.25 μM for FAdV-11. Under these conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was 10³ copies/μL of plasmid standards for FAdV-4, -8b, and -11. These results demonstrated that the developed multiplex PCR method exhibits high specificity and sensitivity, with no observed cross-reactivity among these serotypes or with other poultry viruses. Therefore, this multiplex PCR will be an effective tool for accurate serotyping of FAdV-4, -8b, and -11, enabling more precise identification and differentiation of these three serotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Off-Season Breeding Effects on Egg-Laying Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, and Reproductive Hormones in Zhedong White.","authors":"Jiaqiao Zhu, Yonggang Ma, Waseem Ali, Rui Yu, Hui Zou, Zongping Liu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Off-season breeding is a method of encouraging animals through manual intervention to reproduce during the non-breeding season. The egg-laying period of the Zhedong white goose usually starts from September and ends in April of the following year. During the summer months from May to August, with long daylight hours and high temperatures, the white geese rest and do not lay eggs. This study explored the effects of off-season breeding on egg production performance, serum biochemical indicators, and hormone secretion in Zhedong white goose. The experiment was divided into normal breeding and off-seasonal breeding. The results suggested that the peak laying period lasted 3 months, and egg production was 15.62% higher than that in the control group in the off-season breeding group. The off-season breeding group had a 4.13% higher egg fertilization rate in November (laying period) than the control group, and the hatching rate of hatched eggs and fertilized eggs in the peak laying period was 2.77% and 2.3% higher, respectively, than the control group. The experimental group showed significantly higher serum P, ALB (albumin), TG (triglyceride), and TC (total cholesterol) levels; serum AST (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) activity; and CREA (creatinine) and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels than the control group at different time points. The serum LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), P4 (progesterone), and E2 (estradiol) levels were significantly higher in the off-season breeding group than in the control group. The serum T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (Tetraiodothyronine) levels were significantly higher in the off-season breeding group than in the control group at different points in the breeding cycle. The control group showed a significantly higher gene expression of GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) in the hypothalamus; GnRH, FSH, and LH in the pituitary; and GnRH in the ovary and significantly lower gene expression of VIP (vasoactine intestinal peptide) and PRL (prolactin) in the pituitary than the off-season breeding group. Thus, the off-season breeding of Zhedong white geese may prolong the peak laying period and improve egg production performance, thus enhancing the economic benefits of goose breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Behavior Change Techniques (BCTTv1) to Reduce Antimicrobial Use in Livestock: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ruth Omani, Folorunso O Fasina, Peter Kimeli, Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health threat, partly driven by the overuse of antimicrobials in livestock production. Addressing this issue requires targeted interventions to influence behavioral drivers behind AMU practices. Behavior change techniques (BCTs) offer a structured approach to designing such interventions, yet their application in reducing AMU on farms remains underexplored. This scoping review systematically maps the current applications of the Behavior Change Techniques Taxonomy version 1 (BCTTv1) in interventions aimed at reducing AMU in livestock, while also identifying gaps in the literature and opportunities for future research. A comprehensive search across academic databases identified 23 relevant studies. Findings revealed the use of 37 BCTs, with commonly applied techniques including goal setting, instruction on behavior, credible sources, problem-solving, feedback on behavior, and self-monitoring. While some studies explicitly referenced BCTs, many applied them implicitly, without alignment with standardized frameworks. Intervention outcomes were influenced by contextual factors including financial, logistical, cultural, and technical challenges. This review underscores the importance of explicitly integrating and systematically reporting BCTs to enhance transparency, replicability, and scalability. Future interventions should adopt tailored, context-specific approaches to address regional and sectoral challenges, ultimately contributing to global efforts in combating AMR through improved antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Puppies' Age at Adoption Time Influences the Behavioral Responses of Adult Dog.","authors":"Raffaella Cocco, Francesca Arfuso, Sara Sechi, Giuseppe Piccione, Claudia Giannetto, Federica Arrigo, Maria Rizzo","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early socialization and appropriate adoption time are key factors in shaping canine behavior and welfare. Stress and behavioral challenges are major concerns for owners, often leading to abandonment. Stress can be assessed through physiological and behavioral indicators, with behavior being a noninvasive and practical measure. Canine development includes critical sensitive periods, particularly the socialization phase (3-12 weeks), when puppies form primary social bonds and adapt to novel stimuli. Lack of positive experiences during this period can lead to adult behavioral problems like fear, aggression, or anxiety. This study analyzed the behaviors of 107 dogs adopted at different ages (≤1 month to ≥4 months) and from varied origin contexts (shelters, breeders, private). Using the validated C-BARQ tool, the research found that the age at adoption significantly influenced behavior, with puppies adopted ≤1 or ≤2 months showing higher behavioral signs of fear, anxiety, and attachment and attention-seeking tendencies compared to those adopted later. The findings highlight the importance of socialization and appropriate adoption timing to prevent behavioral issues. The study underscores the value of educating owners and shelters about expected behavioral changes and the benefits of professional behavioral assessments. By fostering realistic expectations and proactive interventions, these insights aim to improve canine welfare and reduce abandonment rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Genome-Wide Case-Control Study for Genetic Background of Retinal Dysplasia in Czechoslovakian Wolfdog.","authors":"Michal Gábor, Juraj Candrák, Martina Miluchová, Pavol Zubrický, Agnieszka Balická, Alexandra Trbolová","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal dysplasia is a genetically heterogeneous ocular disorder in dogs, characterized by abnormal retinal development, resulting in a range of visual impairments from mild to complete blindness. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic basis of retinal dysplasia in the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog breed. An ophthalmic examination was conducted on a cohort of 117 Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs, which revealed a prevalence of multifocal retinal dysplasia of 5.13%. A genome-wide case-control association study was conducted on a subset of 36 adult dogs to explore the underlying genetic architecture of multifocal retinal dysplasia in this breed. The GWAS identified a suggestive association with a locus on canine chromosome CFA37. The strongest association signal for SNP marker BICF2G630130992 (<i>p</i> = 1.29 × 10^-6) was identified in the first intron of the <i>CYP27A1</i> gene, which encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in vitamin D metabolism and potentially retinal function. The region of CFA37 contains several other genes that have been previously implicated in ocular development and disease. Further studies utilizing next-generation sequencing and functional analyses are required to validate these findings, identify the causative variants, and fully elucidate the genetic architecture of retinal dysplasia in this breed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Cor triatriatum dexter</i> in Dogs: A Silent Bystander or a Potential Time Bomb? A Focused Literature Review from a Professional Perspective.","authors":"Michela Pugliese, Diego Antonio Sicuso, Giordana Merola, Bengü Bilgiç, Annalisa Previti, Mehmet Erman Or, Annamaria Passantino","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are structural anomalies present at birth, resulting from aberrant embryonic development. In veterinary medicine, CHDs are an important reason for disease and death in both dogs and cats. Their prevalence varies across species and breeds, with certain defects being more common in specific breeds due to genetic predisposition. In this article, we will focus specifically on <i>cor triatriatum dexter</i> (CTD), an uncommon congenital defect that involves the division of the right atrium into two chambers by a fibromuscular membrane. This malformation can have serious consequences, depending on the severity of the obstruction created by the membrane, and the presence of the often-associated congenital anomalies. It can range from mild, clinically silent anomalies to severe defects that result in heart failure, cyanosis, or sudden death. The present review aims to <i>(i)</i> explore the pathophysiology of CTD in dogs; <i>(ii)</i> outline the clinical scenario underlying the increased interest in CHDs by overviewing the evolution of appropriate diagnostic techniques and the treatment options available; and <i>(iii)</i> provide a discussion from a medical-legal and ethical point of view.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Helicobacter hepaticus</i> CdtB Triggers Colonic Mucosal Barrier Disruption in Mice via Epithelial Tight Junction Impairment Mediated by MLCK/pMLC2 Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Tao Wang, Xiao Meng, Miao Qian, Shanhao Jin, Ruoyu Bao, Liqi Zhu, Quan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b><i>Helicobacter hepaticus</i> (<i>H. hepaticus</i>) has been demonstrated to have clinical relevance to the development of colitis in rodents. <i>H. hepaticus</i> produces cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs), which are identified as the most important virulence factors to the pathogenicity of CDT-producing bacteria in animals. However, the precise relationship between CDTs of <i>H. hepaticus</i> and intestinal barrier dysfunction remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the impact of CdtB, the active subunit of CDTs, on the colonic mucosal barrier during <i>H. hepaticus</i> infection. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: We investigated the infection of male BALB/c mice, intestinal organoids, and IEC-6 cell monolayers by <i>H. hepaticus</i> or CdtB-deficient <i>H. hepaticus</i> (ΔCdtB). A comprehensive histopathological examination was conducted, encompassing the assessment of <i>H. hepaticus</i> colonization, the levels of mRNA expression for inflammatory cytokines, the expression levels of tight junction proteins, and the related signaling pathways. <b>Results</b>: The results demonstrate that the presence of ΔCdtB led to a mitigation of the symptoms associated with <i>H. hepaticus</i>-induced colitis, as evidenced by colon length shortening and the colon histological inflammation score. In addition, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced in the ΔCdtB group. Moreover, a downward trend was observed in the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and nuclear factor-κB (p65). In vitro, the presence of <i>H. hepaticus</i> resulted in a reduction in the expression of tight junction (TJ) markers (ZO-1 and occludin) and an impairment of the F-actin structure in either the intestinal epithelium or intestinal organoids. However, these effects were reversed by CdtB deletion. Concurrently, both ROS levels and apoptosis levels were found to be significantly reduced in cells treated with the ΔCdtB strain. Mechanistically, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activation was observed in the <i>H. hepaticus</i>-infected group in vivo, whereas the MLCK inhibitor ML-7 was found to reverse the CdtB-induced alterations in TJ proteins in IEC6 cells. <b>Conclusions</b>: The collective findings demonstrate that CdtB plays a pivotal role in the <i>H. hepaticus</i>-induced colonic mucosal barrier. This is achieved through the regulation of TJs via the MLCK/pMLC2 signaling pathway, which is linked to elevations in oxidative stress and inflammation within intestinal epithelial cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary <i>Mallotus oblongifolius</i> Ultrafine Powder Supplementation on Quality of Pork from Hainan Pigs During the Late Fattening Period.","authors":"Yali Xie, Jilun Meng, Ruiping Sun, Jie Liu, Quanwei Liu, Yangkun Ou, Qi Qi, Xiang Li, Yan Zhang, Jingli Yuan, Manping Xing, Zhe Chao, Guiping Zhao, Limin Wei","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Mallotus oblongifolius</i> (MO), a member of the Euphorbia family, exhibits a predominant distribution in Hainan Island and has been proven to possess diverse medicinal attributes. Research indicates that ultramicro-grinding fully exposes the active ingredients of <i>Mallotus oblongifolius</i>, enhancing bioavailability and efficacy, compared to before. Our study investigates the effects of ultrafine powder of <i>Mallotus oblongifolius</i> (MOUP) on Hainan pigs. A total of sixty-four healthy castrated pigs (ternary hybrid pigs, Duroc × Duroc × Tunchang) with comparable initial body weight (BW, 68.06 ± 1.03 kg, 150 days old) were allocated randomly into four groups: the control group (CONT), the antibiotic group (ANTI), the 0.1% MOUP group (PT1), and the 0.5% MOUP group (PT2). There were four replicate pens per treatment with four pigs per pen. The pre-test lasted for 7 days and the formal test lasted for 70 days. The CONT group was fed the basal diet, the ANTI group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg colistin sulfate, the PT1 group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% MOUP, and the PT2 group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% MOUP. The findings of our study indicate that the inclusion of colistin sulfate and MOUP in the diet did not have any significant impact on the production performance or carcass indicators of Hainan pigs compared to the CONT group. However, it is noteworthy that the addition of MOUP to the diet resulted in a significant improvement in the lightness, tenderness, muscle fiber morphology, amino acid composition, and antioxidant activity of the longissimus dorsi muscle, particularly in the PT2 group, compared to the CONT group. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that the inclusion of MOUP in the dietary regimen yields enhancements in the meat quality of Hainan pigs, particularly when supplemented at a concentration of 0.5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a Direct Competitive ELISA for Camel FGF21 Detection.","authors":"Yuxuan Yang, Hong Yuan, Yunjuan Jiao, Shuqin Zhao, Yuanfang Fu, Xingwen Bai, Zengjun Lu, Yuan Gao","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Camels, with the ability to survive under drought and chronic hunger, developed exceptional efficient lipid reserves and energy substance metabolic characteristics. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is a hormone that regulates important metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis. However, the absence of a specific detection method for camel FGF21 impacts research on camels' metabolic regulation. This study established a direct competition ELISA assay for detecting camel FGF21. Camel FGF21 antigen was expressed and purified through prokaryotic expression system. Polyclonal antibody was produced and purified via immunizing guinea pigs and affinity chromatography assay. Biotin-labeled FGF21 was synthesized artificially as the competitive antigen. After the determination of optimal conditions, including the working concentrations of the antibody and antigen, blocking solution, dilution buffer, and the competition reaction time, the standard curve with a typical \"S\" shape was generated using GraphPad Prism. The regression equation was Y = 0.1111 + (X^-0.7894) × (2.162 - 0.1111)/(X^-0.7894 + 15.76^-0.7894), with the IC₅₀ 15.59 ng/mL, the limit of detection (LOD) 0.024 ng/mL, the limit of quantification (LOQ) 1.861 ng/mL, and the linear range IC₂₀~IC₈₀ 2.0~119.22 ng/mL. The verification test showed that the recovery rate ranged from 91.34% to 98.9%, and the coefficients of variation for the intra- and inter-plate both were less than 10%, indicating that the ELISA method had high accuracy, good repeatability, and high stability. In addition, this ELISA method had the potential to detect FGF21 secretion levels in other species such as mouse, human, and pig. This study provided a rapid quantitative tool for conducting research on the FGF21 factor in camels.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}