Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: An Integrated Review of Prion Mechanisms, Neuroanatomy, and Control.","authors":"Giovanna Pires Marzola, Rodrigo Paolo Flores Abuna, Lucas de Assis Ribeiro, João Paulo Ruiz Lucio de Lima Parra, Matheus Henrique Hermínio Garcia, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Maria Angélica Miglino","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13040398","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13040398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy caused by the misfolding of the host prion protein (PrP), representing a unique intersection between molecular pathology, neuroanatomy, and public health regulation. Although historically framed as a single feedborne epizootic, BSE is now recognized as a spectrum of strain-defined prion disorders encompassing classical and atypical forms with distinct origins, neuroanatomical trajectories, and surveillance implications. This review integrates advances in prion biology, neurodegenerative mechanisms, and anatomical pathways of neuroinvasion to reframe BSE as a heterogeneous disease entity. We synthesize evidence on PrP^C structure, trafficking, and proteolytic processing to explain how normal cellular physiology enables strain-specific conversion to pathogenic PrP^Sc and subsequent neurotoxicity. Distinct patterns of neuroinvasion and regional vulnerability are discussed for classical versus atypical (H- and L-type) BSE, highlighting differences in lymphoid involvement, brainstem targeting, and cortical or cerebellar tropism. We further examine how these biological differences translate into diagnostic sensitivity, surveillance design, and zoonotic risk assessment. By integrating molecular strain diversity with neuroanatomical connectivity, this review underscores the limitations of obex-centered surveillance for atypical BSE and emphasizes the need for proportionate yet precautionary monitoring strategies. These considerations should be interpreted in light of surveillance-dependent detection biases, which influence the apparent distribution of BSE forms. Ultimately, BSE emerges as a critical model for understanding how protein misfolding disorders bridge cellular mechanisms, animal health, and human public health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Selection for Growth Rate Reshapes the Plasma Metabolome of Rabbit Does Derived from Vitrified Embryos: Insights into Nutrient Metabolism and Productive Efficiency.","authors":"Jorge Mateo-López, Alejandro Huertas-Herrera, Mónica Toro-Manríquez, Mette Skou Hedemann, César Cortés-García, Lola Llobat, Diego Páez-Rosas, María Cambra-López, Juan José Pascual, Pablo Jesús Marín-García","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13040391","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13040391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to the growing global demand for food, intensive genetic selection programs have been implemented to improve livestock efficiency and productivity. Understanding how such selection alters metabolism across nutritional stages is essential for optimizing feeding strategies. In this study, we examined the impact of long-term genetic selection for growth rate (GR) on the plasma metabolome of reproductive female rabbits using an untargeted metabolomics approach. Two vitrified-rederived populations from the same paternal line but separated by 18 generations of GR selection (R19V and R37V) were compared under identical environmental and nutritional conditions. We analyzed 48 plasma samples, showing that GR selection significantly influenced the metabolomic profile. Notably, R37V does exhibited a 76% increase in phospholipid LysoPE (0:0/20:4) concentrations (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) than R19V. GR selection affected key metabolites related to lipid metabolism and energy balance, reflecting potential changes in nutrient utilization efficiency. These findings highlight the interplay between genetics and nutrient efficiency in shaping the metabolome, offering insights that may support nutritional management in genetically improved livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmer and Consumer Responses to African Swine Fever Outbreaks: Implications for Post-Outbreak Control and Eradication.","authors":"Chi Ma, Wenfei Zhang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13040394","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13040394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF) remains a major challenge for global animal disease prevention and control. Public sentiment during ASF, along with farmer and consumer behavior, are underexplored factors in ASF control. This study examines how public sentiment influences farmers' risk perceptions and consumers' behavioral responses, including consumption substitution intention and pork price expectations, and assesses the implications of these behaviors for disease control effectiveness. Using provincial panel data from China (June 2021-November 2022), sentiment analysis of 1.19 million Weibo posts, and a micro-level survey of 920 farmers, we combine panel regression, spatial econometric analysis, and micro-level behavioral evidence. Results show that public sentiment significantly elevates farmers' risk perception, which may influence reporting decisions, marketing timing, and biosecurity investment, thereby increasing the complexity of surveillance and disease control. Sentiment intensifies substitution intentions and shapes pork price expectations, leading to reduced demand for formally marketed pork and potential shifts to lower-traceability or less-inspected channels. Spatial analysis indicates that the half-decay distance for amplifying ASF risk via sentiment is about 1300 km, providing parameters for cross-jurisdictional coordination. These findings support integrating socio-behavioral indicators into veterinary early warning systems and designing targeted disease risk communication under a broader One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Complete Genome Sequencing of a Pigeonpox Virus Strain from Mainland China and Preliminary Evaluation of Its Attenuated Potential.","authors":"Yifan Zhu, Baolichen Zhang, Zhongshu Ji, Jingliang Su, Jianyu Chang, Kai Fan","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13040393","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13040393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigeonpox is a significant infectious disease caused by <i>Pigeonpox virus</i> (PPV), which severely impacts the pigeon industry. Current control methods primarily rely on heterologous vaccines, such as those derived from avian poxviruses, but their protection is limited, creating an urgent need for the development of a specific vaccine. In this study, 720 samples collected from several regions of China between 2022 and 2023 were tested for PPV, followed by virus isolation, identification, and genetic evolutionary analysis. Based on these findings, complete genome sequencing and attenuation of the representative BJ-02 isolate were conducted, and the potential of this strain as a candidate for an attenuated vaccine was preliminarily evaluated. The survey showed PCR positive rates of 9.05%, 16.11%, and 12.50% in samples from Beijing, Guangdong, and Hainan, respectively. Six viral strains were isolated, all of which produced typical lesions on chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) and chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Phylogenetic analysis based on the P4b gene revealed that the six viruses clustered within the same evolutionary branch, closely related to PPV and penguinpox virus strains from South Africa, India, and Taiwan, China. Complete genome sequencing of the BJ-02 strain showed its genomic structure to be similar to that of other fowlpox viruses, with some differences. After serial passage in CAM, PEF and CEF, the BJ-02 SD55 high-passage strain adapted well to in vitro culture, exhibited significantly reduced pathogenicity in chicken embryos and pigeons, and showed no reversion to virulence after five consecutive back-passages. Animal immunization tests demonstrated that the BJ-02 SD55 suspected attenuated strain induced specific antibodies and provided 100% protection against challenge with the virulent strain. In conclusion, PPV is widely prevalent in China. The BJ-02 strain, successfully isolated and attenuated through serial passage, demonstrates excellent immunogenicity and high safety, making it a promising candidate for a specific pigeonpox vaccine. Additionally, the complete genome characterization of BJ-02 contributes to the avian poxvirus genome database and provides critical data to support research on viral pathogenesis and the development of viral vector vaccines for avian and potentially mammalian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Three-Dimensional Mucosal Surface Cast of the Caprine <i>Ruminoreticulum</i>.","authors":"Joachim Truelsen, Julia Hollenbach, Elisabeth Engelke, Matthias Lüpke, Kerstin von Pückler, Lara Ott, Johanna-Marie Haumann, Sandra Wissing, Kristin Elfers, Christiane Pfarrer","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13040390","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13040390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In veterinary education, many exercises are performed on animals. Palpating the mucosa of the <i>Ruminoreticulum</i> in ruminants is a necessary preparatory exercise for future surgery. However, there are legal and ethical obligations to reduce the use of animals and improve animal welfare. This can be achieved using 3D models and simulators. To allow students to practice palpating the goat's forestomach, a simulator is being developed. The aim of the present study was to produce replicas of the mucosal surface of the <i>Ruminoreticulum</i> for the inner lining of this simulator. Two methods were applied and compared: 3D printing and surface casting. For 3D printing, computed tomography-based virtual templates were created and printed after appropriate post-processing. For the surface cast, a negative mold of the mucosal surfaces was created using epoxy resin. The positive mucosal cast was then created using silicone. The results showed a clear advantage of surface casting compared to 3D printing. The virtual templates and 3D prints lacked fine anatomical structures. In contrast, the surface casting method yielded detailed replicas of the mucosal surfaces of <i>Rumen</i> and <i>Reticulum</i>, including even finer anatomical structures. Since the silicone casts also allowed for haptic differentiation of mucosal formations, they can be considered a suitable inner lining for the planned simulator.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of Infrared Nasal Thermography for the Detection of Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma in Goats.","authors":"Pablo Quilez, Marta Ruiz de Arcaute, Marcelo de Las Heras, Delia Lacasta, David Guallar, Javier Balado, José María González, Carlos Hedman, Alfredo Benito, Héctor Ruiz, Aurora Ortín","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13040389","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13040389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma is a contagious neoplasm of goats for which early antemortem diagnosis remains challenging under field conditions. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of infrared nasal thermography for detecting the disease using histopathology as the reference standard. Eighty-six goats from a dairy herd with confirmed enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma were examined by infrared thermography one day prior to slaughter under standardized environmental conditions. Thermal images of the ethmoidal region were qualitatively assessed for asymmetry or focal hyperthermia. Following slaughter, all heads underwent systematic necropsy and bilateral histopathological examination. Twenty-three goats (26.7%) were histologically confirmed as positive with confirmation by RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) from tissue samples. Infrared thermography showed a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 90.5%, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 88.4%. Positive and negative predictive values were 76.0% and 93.4%, respectively. Agreement between thermography and histopathology was substantial (Cohen's κ = 0.711; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Although thermography did not achieve the specificity of macroscopic post-mortem examination, its non-invasive and rapid nature supports its potential as a preliminary complementary antemortem screening approach, although its applicability at herd level requires validation in broader and more representative populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mn²⁺-Mediated Antiviral Activity Through Both the cGAS-STING-IFN and ROS-Apoptosis Pathways in Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cells.","authors":"Wanglong Zheng, Yajing Chang, Anjing Liu, Chenyang Zhang, Weilin Hao, Tianna Chen, Qing Lu, Zhiyu Wang, Wei Wang, Nanhua Chen, Jianzhong Zhu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13040396","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13040396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Manganese ions (Mn²⁺) are an essential trace element within organisms spanning the entire tree of life. It has reported that Mn²⁺ exerts strong immunocompetence effects and exhibits antiviral effects against various human and animal viruses, including DNA and RNA viruses. Recently, Mn²⁺ has been found to be involved in the activation of the innate immune DNA-sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and subsequent antiviral function. However, the antiviral mechanism of Mn²⁺ remains unclear. In the current study, the results suggest that the cGAS-STING pathway is essential for Mn²⁺ to promote interferon (IFN) signaling, but it is not essential for triggering antiviral functions. After knocking out the STING or interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) gene, Mn²⁺ still retains its antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Furthermore, the results from transcriptomic analysis indicate that Mn²⁺ can induce a significant change in the apoptotic process in STING^-/^- 3D4/21 cells. Mn²⁺ can induce cell apoptosis through the oxidative stress pathway, and inhibiting the apoptotic signal could suppress Mn²⁺-mediated antiviral activity in STING^-/^- 3D4/21 cells. Additionally, dual knockout of IRF3 and caspase3, resulting in concurrent loss of IFN and apoptotic signals, eliminates the antiviral effects of Mn²⁺. In summary, the current study suggests that Mn²⁺ could exert antiviral effects not only through the cGAS-STING-IFN pathway but also via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-apoptosis pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and Productive Impacts of Including Artificial Saliva in Lamb Diets: Growth, Carcass Traits, and Fermentation Efficiency.","authors":"Mutassim M Abdelrahman, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Gamaleldin M Suliman, Mohsen M Alobre, Mohammed M Qaid, Faisal A Alshamiry, Abdulkareem M Matar","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13040395","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13040395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intensive lamb rearing and finishing systems are usually based on nutritionally balanced concentrate-based rations. However, the inclusion of feed additives is often necessary to avoid possible disturbances of digestibility. Artificial saliva plays an important role in ruminal buffering, improving the digestibility of the feed under conditions where natural saliva production may be insufficient. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary artificial saliva (AS) on the total mixed ration (TMR) on lambs' growth performance, carcass characteristics and the efficacy of ruminal fermentation. Forty-five male Naemi lambs (mean body weight of 23 ± 1.8 kg) were randomly assigned to five experimental groups (<i>n</i> = 9 per group) and kept in complete confinement with water and <i>ad</i><i>libitum</i> feeding. During the 84-day feeding period, animals received isonitrogenous and isoenergetic TMRs that vary in AS inclusion by level: T0 (0% AS), T2 (1.5% AS), T3 (3.0% AS), T4 (4.5% AS), and T5 (6% AS). No significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) were observed in the overall performance parameters. However, lambs fed the control diet (0% AS) had a higher body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed intake (FI) than those receiving AS supplementation (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Ruminal pH measured 3 h after feeding and at slaughter remained comparatively stable in lambs fed 3% and 4.5% AS treatments, whereas it declined to 5.21 in the control group. Dietary inclusion of AS at 4.5% significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05 < 0.05) the molar proportions of butyric acid, iso-valeric acid, and valeric acid in ruminal fluid while other levels of artificial saliva were associated with reduced concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). In conclusion, AS effectively functioned as a buffering agent, enhancing dietary safety without adverse health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic <i>Psoroptes ovis</i> Infestation Induces Testicular Degeneration and Submandibular Gland Hypertrophy in Rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>).","authors":"María Fernanda González-Chávez, Guadalupe Arjona-Jiménez, Pablo Alejandro Bochicchio, Claudia Hallal-Calleros, Iván Flores-Pérez","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13040392","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13040392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psoroptic mange caused by <i>Psoroptes ovis</i> is the most common dermatological disease in rabbits; despite being an ectoparasite, in male rabbits <i>P. ovis</i> alters characteristic hormone-dependent behaviors like chinning and sexual behavior, also inducing a decrease in serum testosterone. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of <i>P. ovis</i> infestation on the histomorphology of testicular and submandibular (chinning) gland tissues of infected rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Glands were obtained from experimentally infested and healthy rabbits, processed for inclusion in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Testicular degeneration and submandibular gland hypertrophy were observed. In the testes of infested rabbits, lumen area and perimeter, seminiferous tubule area, tubule perimeter and diameter, increased. Conversely, germinal epithelium thickness and Johnsen scores of spermatogenic scale decreased, indicating impaired spermatogenesis. In the submandibular gland, lumen area and perimeter, and the total duct area and perimeter were increased. In addition, the area and perimeter of the acini also increased, while the number of acini decreased, consistent with glandular hypertrophy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The acarosis markedly alters the morphometric characteristics of both tissues, highlighting that psoroptic mange exerts a systemic effect on reproduction of the host altering non-dermal tissues with key roles in male reproductive function and chemical communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical Application of Preserved and Unpreserved Bevacizumab Eye Drops Improves Ocular Surface Parameters in Dogs with Chronic Keratitis: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Ulrike Lessiak, Stefan Kummer, Michael Schueller-Wambacher, Alexander Tichy, Barbara Nell","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13040388","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13040388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corneal neovascularization (CNV) in dogs causes chronic ocular surface inflammation, which may disrupt tear film stability and meibomian gland function. As bevacizumab inhibits abnormal vessel growth and affects tear composition, it may benefit dogs with ocular surface disorders. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of bevacizumab eye drops on the ocular surface in dogs with chronic CNV. Fourteen eyes from nine client-owned dogs were included. Dogs received either preserved (B_BAC-group) or unpreserved (B-group) 0.25% bevacizumab eye drops twice daily for 28 days. Re-examinations occurred one week after treatment initiation, at the end of treatment, and three months later. An ocular surface analyzer was used to assess tear composition and meibomian glands via interferometry, tear meniscus height, and meibography. Ocular and systemic toxicities were monitored, and clinical signs were scored. Serum VEGF levels were measured via ELISA before and after treatment. No statistically significant changes in intraocular pressure, tear production, or systemic VEGF levels were observed. Statistically significant improvements were noted in conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis in both groups, ocular discharge in the B_BAC-group, and fluorescein uptake in the B-group. Both formulations were safe and well tolerated. These preliminary findings suggest that topical bevacizumab may have potential benefits for CNV and ocular surface disorders in dogs, although larger studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}