Absence of FGF4 Retrogene Insertion on Chromosome 18 Results in a Tall Phenotype in Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen Dogs.

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura, Liz Hansen, Martin L Katz
{"title":"Absence of <i>FGF4</i> Retrogene Insertion on Chromosome 18 Results in a Tall Phenotype in Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen Dogs.","authors":"Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura, Liz Hansen, Martin L Katz","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090916","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Every dog breed has characteristic physical features that have been fixed through numerous generations of selective breeding. For the Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen (GBGV) breed, short-leggedness has been established as the breed standard. Although breeders have been consistent in only breeding dogs that meet this standard, occasionally litters have included dogs that are significantly taller. In many dog breeds short leg length is associated with insertion of an <i>FGF4</i> retrogene (<i>FGF4RG</i>) at specific sites on either chromosome 12 (<i>12-FGF4RG</i>) and/or 18 (<i>18-FGF4RG</i>). A study was undertaken to determine whether <i>FGF4RG</i> genotype is the basis of the height difference. Of 47 GBGVs that were evaluated, 41 had leg lengths within the breed standard and 6 were significantly taller. None of the dogs had the <i>12-FGF4RG</i> insertion. The short-legged dogs were either homozygous or heterozygous for the <i>18-FGF4RG</i> insertion. All six long-legged dogs were homozygous for the non-insertion allele. This indicates that selective breeding based on phenotype alone has not been sufficient to fix short-leggedness in the breed due to retention of the non-insertion allele. The finding that one copy of the insertion is sufficient to confer short-leggedness indicates that expression of the retrogene during development is likely to inhibit growth of the limbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474442/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12090916","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Every dog breed has characteristic physical features that have been fixed through numerous generations of selective breeding. For the Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen (GBGV) breed, short-leggedness has been established as the breed standard. Although breeders have been consistent in only breeding dogs that meet this standard, occasionally litters have included dogs that are significantly taller. In many dog breeds short leg length is associated with insertion of an FGF4 retrogene (FGF4RG) at specific sites on either chromosome 12 (12-FGF4RG) and/or 18 (18-FGF4RG). A study was undertaken to determine whether FGF4RG genotype is the basis of the height difference. Of 47 GBGVs that were evaluated, 41 had leg lengths within the breed standard and 6 were significantly taller. None of the dogs had the 12-FGF4RG insertion. The short-legged dogs were either homozygous or heterozygous for the 18-FGF4RG insertion. All six long-legged dogs were homozygous for the non-insertion allele. This indicates that selective breeding based on phenotype alone has not been sufficient to fix short-leggedness in the breed due to retention of the non-insertion allele. The finding that one copy of the insertion is sufficient to confer short-leggedness indicates that expression of the retrogene during development is likely to inhibit growth of the limbs.

18号染色体上缺乏FGF4逆转录基因插入导致大巴吉特格里芬文森犬的高表型。
每一个品种的狗都有独特的身体特征,这些特征是通过许多代的选择性繁殖而固定下来的。对于大巴吉特格里芬文森(GBGV)品种,短腿已被确立为品种标准。尽管育种者一直坚持只繁育符合这一标准的狗,但偶尔也会有明显更高的狗。在许多犬种中,短腿与FGF4逆转录基因(FGF4RG)在12号染色体(12-FGF4RG)和/或18号染色体(18-FGF4RG)上的特定位点插入有关。进行了一项研究,以确定FGF4RG基因型是否是身高差异的基础。在被评估的47只gbgv中,41只的腿长符合品种标准,6只明显更高。没有狗有12-FGF4RG插入。短腿犬的18-FGF4RG插入是纯合子或杂合子。所有6只长腿犬的非插入等位基因均为纯合子。这表明,由于非插入等位基因的保留,仅基于表型的选择性育种还不足以解决品种中的短腿问题。该插入基因的一个拷贝足以导致腿短,这一发现表明,在发育过程中,逆转录基因的表达可能会抑制肢体的生长。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Veterinary Sciences
Veterinary Sciences VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
612
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: Veterinary Sciences is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal. It publishes original that are relevant to any field of veterinary sciences, including prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in animals. This journal covers almost all topics related to animal health and veterinary medicine. Research fields of interest include but are not limited to: anaesthesiology anatomy bacteriology biochemistry cardiology dentistry dermatology embryology endocrinology epidemiology genetics histology immunology microbiology molecular biology mycology neurobiology oncology ophthalmology parasitology pathology pharmacology physiology radiology surgery theriogenology toxicology virology.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信