Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Potential of Pine Biochar to Mitigate Bacterial Hazards Present in Recycled Manure Solids from Dairy Cows.","authors":"Ana José Pires, Ana Filipa Esteves, Gonçalo Pereira, Catarina Geraldes, Joana Fernandes Guerreiro, Raquel Abreu, Rita Magalhães, Lélia Chambel, Elisabete Silva, David Fangueiro, Manuela Oliveira, Ricardo Bexiga","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010043","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12010043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of recycled manure solids (RMS) as cow bedding in dairy farms poses concerns due to its potential to harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the impact of RMS supplementation with biochar at three concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) on bacterial counts and on the antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> isolates. The results show that biochar supplementation did not promote a significant reduction in bacterial numbers. Overall, there were no significant changes in the isolates' virulence or resistance profiles, and none of the isolates obtained were classified as high or moderate threats based on their MAR and VIR indexes. The most pathogenic <i>Enterococcus</i> isolates found were present in the control samples. A phylogenetic analysis of <i>E. coli</i> isolates allowed us to identify phylogroup D strains, predominantly in RMS supplemented with 2.5% and 10% biochar, which are associated with higher virulence and resistance. These findings indicate that the biochar concentrations tested were not effective in significantly reducing the bacterial risks associated with RMS. Further research is needed to evaluate different biochar formulations and concentrations, aiming to optimize its potential use for RMS supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of Neonatal Diarrhea in Piglets with Reduced Antibiotic Use by Application of a Complementary Feed-A Randomized Controlled Farm Trial.","authors":"Klaus K Sall, Leslie Foldager, Charlotte Delf, Sigurd J Christensen, Michael N Agerley, Kristian T Havn, Carsten Pedersen","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010042","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12010042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this farm trial was to investigate if the consumption of antibiotics could be reduced when piglets showing early signs of neonatal diarrhea were treated with an oral dose of tannin extract derived from sweet chestnut wood. The farm had a very high incidence of neonatal diarrhea among gilt litters. Gilts were randomized into test or control groups in a 1:1 ratio to compare the consumption of antibiotics used for piglets and piglet mortality during the four-week trial period. Control litters were treated with the oral antibiotic paromomycin, while test litters were treated with the complementary feed O-Nella-Protect. The farm trial included 18 gilt litters comprising 254 piglets. In the control group, 100% of the piglets received antibiotic treatment. In the test group, consumption of antibiotics used against diarrhea was reduced by 84% (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and consumption of antibiotics used for other illnesses was reduced by 45% (<i>p</i> = 0.045). In both test and control groups, six piglets died. Microbiological analysis identified both potential bacterial and viral pathogens. In conclusion, the farm trial indicates that even under the challenge of potentially serious bacterial and viral pathogens, a complimentary feed containing a tannin extract can support piglet health and reduce antibiotic consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> DSM 34246 (Canobios-BL) <i>var. boulardii</i> Supplementation Impact the Fecal Parameters of Healthy Adult Dogs?","authors":"Nicolò Lonigro, Francesca Perondi, Natascia Bruni, Mauro Bigliati, Annalisa Costale, Elena Pagani, Ilaria Lippi, Alice Melocchi, Lucia Zema, Giorgia Meineri, Elisa Martello","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010045","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12010045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is populated by a variety of microbes, which were recently demonstrated to play a major role in both human and animal health [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet Supplementation Influences Ghrelin System Expression in the Skin Appendages of the Sheep.","authors":"Margherita Maranesi, Cecilia Dall'Aglio, Sara Moscatelli, Elisa Palmioli, Paola Coliolo, Daniele Marini, Gabriella Guelfi, Paola Scocco, Francesca Mercati","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010041","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12010041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ghrelin (GhRL) is an orexigenic hormone influenced by nutritional state. It plays a role in skin repair and diseases, though little information exists regarding its function in this organ. GhRL and its receptor were investigated in the skin of sheep under different feeding conditions to explore GhRL system presence and possible modifications due to diet. Three-year-old female sheep were free to graze from June to the pasture maximum flowering (MxF group) and from this period to maximum dryness addicted (Exp group) or not (MxD group) with 600 gr/die/head of barley and corn. Skin samples were processed for immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. The immunostaining showed the presence of the GhRL system in skin appendages. Indeed, the ligand was localized in the hair follicles whereas the receptor was also observed in sweat glands and smooth muscle cells. The expression of both genes was significantly higher in the Exp group (3.6 and 2.9 folds respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with the MxF group. These results suggest that the GhRL system is involved in the regulation of hair follicles and sweat glands. In addition, diet supplementation may positively modulate the expression of GhRL and its receptor in the skin.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a Point-of-Care Test Kit (Anigen Rapid^®) to Diagnose Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) Infection in Domestic Cats Using Saliva Instead of Blood in Australia.","authors":"Jennifer Green, Adele Scannell, Evelyn Hall, Mark E Westman","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010035","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12010035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of saliva as a proxy for blood in cats using Anigen Rapid^® FIV point-of-care (PoC) kits and as an easy collection technique applicable for all veterinary clinics and shelters. A secondary aim was to report FIV prevalence in various Australian states/territories and key cat risk factors associated with FIV infection. In total, 382 cats were recruited from patients presenting to private, shelter and teaching hospital veterinary clinics in Australia. Information collected for each cat included age, sex, neuter status, postcode, and health status ('healthy' versus 'sick'). The traditional blood testing technique with Anigen Rapid^® was used to determine the FIV status of cats. Comparative saliva testing found 48/382 (12.5%) cats were FIV-positive. Test sensitivity for Anigen Rapid^® FIV using saliva was 84.2% (48/57; 95% CI 80.6 to 87.9). Test specificity for Anigen Rapid^® FIV using saliva was 100% (325/325). The two significant cat risk factors for FIV infection were sex (male) and health status (sick). In terms of demographic information, prevalence in Tasmania and the Northen Territory was reported for the first time. This study proves the ability to utilise cheap and readily available consumables for less invasive FIV testing purposes by using saliva instead of blood, for example, when screening cat before adoption in shelters and in cats prior to annual FIV re-vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Case of Respiratory Infection in Rabbits Caused by <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i> in Romania.","authors":"Vlad Iorgoni, Ionica Iancu, Ionela Popa, Alexandru Gligor, Gabriel Orghici, Bogdan Sicoe, Corina Badea, Cristian Dreghiciu, Călin Pop, Timea Bochiș, Janos Degi, Luminita Costinar, Corina Pascu, Viorel Herman","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010033","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12010033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i> is a Gram-negative, obligate aerobic bacillus commonly found in environmental settings, particularly in soil and water, as well as within the intestinal microbiota of humans and various animal species. This bacterium has the potential to act as an opportunistic pathogen, capable of causing severe infections in both humans and animals, which can sometimes result in fatal outcomes. Notably, <i>A. faecalis</i> is often characterized by a high degree of antibiotic resistance, complicating treatment efforts. In the current study, we present a case involving a 3-month-old male rabbit that developed a generalized infection, ultimately leading to the animal's death. Despite the administration of broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics, the treatment was ineffective in salvaging the animal's health. The isolated strain of <i>A. faecalis</i> demonstrated resistance to all tested antibiotics, underscoring the challenges associated with managing infections caused by this pathogen. This case highlights the significant impact of <i>A. faecalis</i> as an emerging threat in veterinary medicine, where its inherent antibiotic resistance further exacerbates the difficulty of effective treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Principal Component Analysis as a Prediction Model for Feline Sporotrichosis.","authors":"Franco Bresolin Pegoraro, Rita Maria Venâncio Mangrich-Rocha, Saulo Henrique Weber, Marconi Rodrigues de Farias, Elizabeth Moreira Dos Santos Schmidt","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010032","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12010032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sporotrichosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that is spreading and causing epidemics in large urban centers. Cats are the most susceptible species to develop the disease, which could cause significant systemic lesions. The aim was to investigate and to identify predictive indicators of disease progression by correlations between the blood profile (hematological and biochemical analytes) and cutaneous lesion patterns of 70 cats diagnosed with <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis</i>. The higher occurrence in male cats in this study could be related to being non-neutered and having access to open spaces. Principal component analysis (PCA) with two principal components, followed by binary logistic regression, and binary logistic regression analysis, with independent variables and backward elimination modeling, were performed to evaluate hematological (n = 56) and biochemical (n = 34) analytes, including red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, segmented neutrophils, band neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, total plasma protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase. Two logistic regression models (PCA and independent variables) were employed to search for a predicted model to correlate fixed (isolated) and disseminated cutaneous lesion patterns. Total plasma protein concentration may be assessed during screening diagnosis as it has been recognized as an independent predictor for the dissemination of cutaneous lesion patterns, with the capability of serving as a predictive biomarker to identify the progression of cutaneous lesions induced by <i>S. brasiliensis</i> infections in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanism of VSV-Vectored ASFV Vaccine Activating Immune Response in DCs.","authors":"Yunyun Ma, Junjun Shao, Wei Liu, Shandian Gao, Guangqing Zhou, Xuefeng Qi, Huiyun Chang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010036","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12010036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-vectored African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine can induce efficient immune response, but the potential mechanism remains unsolved. In order to investigate the efficacy of recombinant viruses (VSV-p35, VSV-p72)-mediated dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and the mechanism of inducing T-cell immune response, the functional effects of recombinant viruses on DC activation and target antigens presentation were explored in this study. The results showed that surface-marked molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II) and secreted cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α, IFN-γ) were highly expressed in the recombinant virus-infected DCs. In addition, the co-culture results of recombinant virus-treated DCs with naive T cells showed that the Th1- and Th17-type responses were effectively activated. Taken together, the study indicated that the VSV-vectored ASFV vaccine activated the maturation of DCs and the Th1- and Th17-type immune response, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of novel ASF vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rearing in a Physically Enriched Environment Affects Shoaling and Stress Responses of Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Exposed to Novel Conditions.","authors":"Valentina Gazzano, Martina Di Filippo, Rosario Licitra, Asahi Ogi, Baldassare Fronte, Maria Claudia Curadi, Angelo Gazzano","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010038","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12010038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of enrichment on stress reduction in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) exposed to a novel environment was assessed. Four control shoals (CTRL) and five treated shoals (TRT), each with eight fish, were observed; in TRT tanks, a PVC pipe was included (three-way tube, 11.7 × 4 cm) as enrichment for 90 days. Subsequently, fish were moved to a new tank for a shoaling test, and behavior was evaluated over periods of 0'-5' and 5'-10'. Cortisol dissolved in water was measured before and after the test. No differences were found between the two groups in distance moved, swimming speed, or shoal acceleration. Both groups reduced interindividual distance in the second phase of the test (CTRL: t = 8.977, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.0001; TRT: t = 8.247, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.0001), though TRT fish maintained greater spacing (t = 2.292, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). TRT fish spent more time without contact during both phases (first: t = 2.645, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05; second: t = 3.134, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01), while CTRL fish reduced this time in the second phase (t = 2.991, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Cortisol rose significantly in CTRL after the test (t = 2.452, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) but not in TRT fish. These results suggest that environmental enrichment mitigates stress, as seen by reduced cohesiveness and cortisol in TRT fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of an Immunochromatographic Strip and a Magnetic Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Detection of <i>Porcine Circovirus Type 2</i> Antigen.","authors":"Sirui Tao, Yu Duan, Yinhe Zha, Xiaxia Tong, Yulong He, Huapeng Feng, Jianhong Shu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010040","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12010040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Porcine circovirus type 2</i> (PCV2) is the main and primary causative agent of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS). To date, immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA), indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the most commonly diagnostic methods for detecting PCV2 antigens. However, these methods require specialized equipment and technical expertise and are suitable for laboratory use only. This study aims to develop an immunochromatographic strip and a magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay for the detection of PCV2 antigens. The recombinant protein was constructed using a prokaryotic expression system, and the polyclonal antibody was obtained by animal experiments. Polystyrene microspheres are used as solid phase carriers to covalently bind to the amino groups of proteins to form immunoprobes. Monodisperse beads are covalently bound to antigens or antibodies as solid phases to bind antibodies or antigens in the liquid phase in a superior manner, thereby capturing and separating antigens and antibodies in the liquid phase. The immunochromatographic strip is qualitative detection method, this method can detect PCV2a strain, PCV2b strain, and PCV2d strain. The immunochromatographic strip had minimum detection limits of 10^2.89TCID₅₀/0.1 mL, 10^3.19TCID₅₀/0.1 mL, and 10^3.49TCID₅₀/0.1 mL for PCV2a/LG, PCV2b/SH, and PCV2d/JH. The results of testing PEDV (CV777 strain), PRV (HB2000 strain), CSFV (WH-09 strain), PRRS (JXA1-R strain), PPV (WH-1 strain), and ASFV (SD strain) were negative. The agreement between the immunochromatographic strip and the ELISA kit was 93.33% (140/150) and the Kappa was 0.866 (Kappa > 0.81). On the premise of ensuring sensitivity, the most important feature of the immunochromatographic strip is that this method can save time when testing; results can be obtained within 5 to 10 min. Magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay is quantitative detection method; this method can detect PCV2 Cap proteins in swine serum, the linear range of this method was 0.25 ng/mL to 32 ng/mL and R² of the standard curve was 0.9993. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.051 ng/mL and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.068 ng/mL. The agreement between the magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay and the ELISA kit (test PCV2 Cap proteins) was 97.14% (68/70). This method took less than 30 min to achieve results, which is less than the ELISA kit. The results of this study show that immunochromatographic strip and magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay for PCV2 antigens had great sensitivity and specificity, which lays the foundation for PCV2 clinical detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}