Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Examination of Feline Coronavirus and Canine Coronavirus Effects on Extracellular Vesicles Acquired from A-72 Canine Fibrosarcoma Cell Line.","authors":"Sandani V T Wijerathne, Rachana Pandit, Chioma C Ezeuko, Qiana L Matthews","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050477","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Coronavirus (CoV) is an extremely contagious, enveloped positive-single-stranded RNA virus, which has become a global pandemic that causes several illnesses in humans and animals. Hence, it is necessary to investigate viral-induced reactions across diverse hosts. Herein, we propose utilizing naturally secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly focusing on exosomes to examine virus-host responses following CoV infection. Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles originating from the endosomal pathway, which play a pivotal role in intracellular communication and physiological and pathological processes. We suggested that CoV could impact EV formation, content, and diverse immune responses in vitro. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, we infected A-72, which is a canine fibroblast cell line, with a feline coronavirus (FCoV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV) independently in an exosome-free media at 0.001 multiplicity of infection (MOI), with incubation periods of 48 and 72 h. The cell viability was significantly downregulated with increased incubation time following FCoV and CCoV infection, which was identified by performing the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-1-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. After the infection, EVs were isolated through ultracentrifugation, and the subsequent analysis involved quantifying and characterizing the purified EVs using various techniques. <b>Results:</b> NanoSight particle tracking analysis (NTA) verified that EV dimensions fell between 100 and 200 nm at both incubation periods. At both periods, total protein and RNA levels were significantly upregulated in A-72-derived EVs following FCoV and CCoV infections. However, total DNA levels were gradually upregulated with increased incubation time. Dot blot analysis indicated that the expression levels of ACE2, IL-1β, Flotillin-1, CD63, caspase-8, and Hsp90 were modified in A-72-derived EVs following both CoV infections. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results indicated that FCoV and CCoV infections could modulate the EV production and content, which could play a role in the development of viral diseases. Investigating diverse animal CoV will provide in-depth insight into host exosome biology during CoV infection. Hence, our findings contribute to the comprehension and characterization of EVs in virus-host interactions during CoV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features, MRI Findings, Treatment, and Outcomes in Dogs with Haemorrhagic Myelopathy Secondary to Steroid-Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis: Nine Cases (2017-2024).","authors":"Giuseppe Vitello, Beatrice Enrica Carletti, Sergio A Gomes, Luca Motta, Alessia Colverde, Andrea Holmes, Massimo Mariscoli","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050476","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective multicentre study investigated haemorrhagic myelopathy as a rare complication of steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) in nine dogs. The affected dogs exhibited varied neurological deficits, including cervical hyperesthesia, generalised stiffness, ambulatory tetraparesis, and, in the most severe cases, paraplegia without nociception. MRI findings primarily localised haemorrhagic lesions to the thoracolumbar (T3-L3) region, with intradural-extramedullary haemorrhages being the most common type. Most cases responded favourably to immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone, either alone or in combination with cytarabine. Surgical intervention, performed in a case of compressive extradural haemorrhage, led to a successful recovery of ambulation. Two cases presented or developed paraplegia without nociception, despite immunosuppression. These findings emphasise the importance of advanced imaging and timely therapeutic interventions in addressing atypical and severe manifestations of SRMA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in Goats from Adana, Türkiye.","authors":"Tülin Güven Gökmen, Armağan Erdem Ütük, Esra Aslan Tokgöz, Nur Sima Uprak, Afra Sena Tekin, Ufuk Erol, Pınar Ayvazoğlu Demir, Osman Sezer, Elçin Günaydın","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050481","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaplasmosis is a disease in animals that leads to significant economic losses. In addition, the zoonotic potential of vector-borne <i>Anaplasma</i> species is increasing its importance, both around the world and in Türkiye, in particular. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and phylogenetic profile of <i>Anaplasma</i> species in goats from the districts of Adana province, Türkiye, via molecular methods. For this purpose, blood samples from 364 goats of various breeds, ages, and genders were collected, and the presence of 55 <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. was determined through the PCR method. <i>Anaplasma ovis</i> was detected in 55 samples (15.1%) and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> in 11 samples (3%) by Nested-PCR. However, <i>A. capra</i> was not detected. The phylogenetic relationships of <i>A. ovis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> were investigated by DNA sequencing of the <i>msp4</i> and <i>16S rRNA</i> gene regions. Through sequence analysis in <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>, we identified nine isolates as <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>-like 1 and one isolate as <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>-like 2. Forty-six of the <i>A. ovis</i> isolates were 100% similar to each other. The other 2 isolates were also 100% similar to each other but had a single nucleotide difference from the other 46 isolates. Notably, the isolate identified as <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>-like 2 was detected for the first time in goats in Türkiye.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Approach to Cleft Lip and Palate with or Without Surgical Correction in Ten Brachycephalic Puppies.","authors":"Gleice Mendes Xavier, Keylla Helena Nobre Pacífico Pereira, Kárita da Mata Fuchs, Júlia Conseza Mendonça, Rebeca Bastos Abibe, Claudia Valéria Seullner Brandão, Maricy Apparício, Fabiana Ferreira de Souza, Matheus Gabriel Crema, Vânia Maria de Vasconcelos Machado, Maria Lucia Gomes Lourenço","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050474","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital defects are among the leading causes of neonatal mortality in small animals. Among them, cleft palate is one of the most commonly found malformations in dogs. Appropriate clinical management and surgical correction are determining factors for the survival of puppies affected by this alteration. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe 10 clinical cases of successful clinical management of cleft palate, highlighting the therapeutic strategies used, the results obtained, and the evolution of patients after treatment. Ten neonatal dogs of three breeds were treated by the Small Animal Reproduction Service of FMVZ, Unesp-Botucatu: French Bulldog (6), Pug (3), and American Bully (1) presented with cleft palate at birth or during the first week of age. Patients underwent clinical and nutritional management, in addition to immunological support. At four months of age, the patients underwent medially positioned flap repair. The animals were fed via an esophageal tube for 10 days after surgery. The clinical management proved to be effective since, throughout the follow-up, the animals showed good development and did not present complications arising from the cleft palate, and the surgical procedures were successful, restoring the quality of life of the animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Intestinal Health in Pigs: Recognizing Unaddressed Areas and Prospective Research Avenues.","authors":"Marina Patricia Walter, Gabriela Miotto Galli, Alicia Zem Fraga, Aires Santos Silva, Júlio César Vieira Furtado, Pedro João Viera Ascari, Ines Andretta","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050475","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut health is crucial for pigs because it affects nutrient absorption, immune function, and growth performance. However, its definition remains unclear, particularly regarding measurable responses in scientific studies. This review critically analyzed studies assessing intestinal health in pigs during the nursery, growing, and finishing phases, focusing on the invasiveness of the applied techniques. Papers published between 2005 and 2023 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct, resulting in 322 articles. Publications grew at an annual rate of 23%, with 84% of studies conducted in the nursery phase. In the database, 87% of intestinal health assessments were combined with growth performance measures. Semi-invasive methods, such as blood collection, were used in 65% of the studies. Non-invasive measures, such as fecal samples, were analyzed in 39% of the studies, whereas urine (7%) and saliva (0.6%) were used in only a small fraction of the studies. Invasive methods, including intestinal tissue collection, were employed in 89% of studies. Among these, 24% did not specify the euthanasia method or number of pigs euthanized. No significant association was found between invasive and non-invasive methods, limiting the ability to establish clear relationships. Future studies should integrate multiple levels of invasiveness to improve the understanding and reduce reliance on invasive techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress on <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> Larvae Exposed to Alternative Treatment with <i>Artemisia cina n</i>-Hexane Extract and Cinaguaiacin Metabolites.","authors":"Ana Elvia Sánchez-Mendoza, Guillermo Reséndiz-González, Eduardo Rico-Mejía, Héctor Alejandro de la Cruz-Cruz, Gerardo Ramírez-Rico, Jorge Alfredo Cuéllar-Ordaz, José Francisco Montiel-Sosa, María Eugenia López-Arellano, David Emmanuel Reyes-Guerrero, Clara Luisa Domínguez-Delgado, Martín Orlando Pulido Medellín, Daniel Hernández-Patlán, Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050467","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthelmintic resistance is currently negatively impacting animal production parameters, leading to an increase in the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and resulting in low profitability in small ruminants. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative control strategies to reduce the prevalence and damage caused by these parasites in extensive systems. One of these strategies involves plant extracts and their secondary metabolites, which have shown antiparasitic properties. The main aim of the present study was the evaluation of <i>Artemisia cina (A. cina)</i> foliage to perform an <i>n</i>-hexane extract and cinaguaiacin as secondary metabolite (mixture of 63% of 3'-demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin and 37% norisoguaiacin), previously identified by chromatography technique and relative expression of three antioxidant enzyme genes of infective <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> larvae (L₃). The results showed upregulation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), and decreased expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes after exposure to <i>H. contortus</i> L₃ to <i>n</i>-hexane extract of <i>A. cina</i>. Furthermore, cinaguacin displayed up- and downregulation of GPx and superoxide dismutase genes, respectively. These data suggest the active function of reactive oxidative species (ROS) genes of <i>H. contortus</i> L₃ exposed by the extract of <i>A. cina</i> and cinaguaiacin to induce the larve death. In this sense, both alternatives could be promising to mitigate resistance to anthelmintic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Force Plate Gait Analysis in Dogs After Femoral Head and Neck Excision.","authors":"Pongsatorn Tuchpramuk, Duangdaun Kaenkangploo, Thanikul Srithunyarat, Suvaluk Seesupa, Somphong Hoisang, Benedict Duncan X Lascelles, Naruepon Kampa","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050469","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) remains a common orthopedic surgical procedure in many countries. However, data on postoperative outcomes regarding changes in hindlimb function are limited. This study aimed to evaluate hindlimb function after FHNE in dogs of different weights. Twenty-seven dogs that underwent FHNE were block-randomly assigned to two groups based on weight (≤20 kg and >20 kg). Hindlimb function was evaluated using force plate gait analysis to measure peak vertical force (PVF), alongside other orthopedic evaluations and a composite orthopedic assessment score at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test were used for statistical comparisons. The findings demonstrated no significant difference in PVF between the operated and non-operated limbs in either weight groups (≤20 kg and >20 kg) at four and three months postoperatively (median functional recovery time) (<i>p</i> = 0.33), nor were there significant differences in lameness scores at trot between weight groups five and three months after FHNE (<i>p</i> = 0.64). These results indicate that FHNE provides satisfactory functional outcomes and can be considered a suitable orthopedic intervention for medium- to large-breed dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Adrenal Glands in a Population of Beagle Puppies and Functional Analysis of Basal Cortisol Levels in Blood.","authors":"Julia Topmöller, Kristina Merhof, Eva Packeiser, Marion Schmicke, Holger Andreas Volk, Johanna Rieder","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050472","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a prospective evaluation of adrenal gland development in a cohort of Beagle puppies, utilizing sonographic imaging and functional assessment of the basal serum cortisol concentrations. The objective was to characterize the growth patterns and physiological maturation of the adrenal glands in dogs between six and twelve months of age. Ten Beagle puppies from two litters, bred and maintained under standardized conditions at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Hannover, were included in the study. Serum cortisol levels were determined, and adrenal gland dimensions were measured using ultrasonography at regular intervals over a six-month observation period. The results demonstrated a significant growth trajectory of the adrenal glands, characterized by notable increases in both the longitudinal length and caudal pole diameter. No significant correlation was found between serum cortisol levels and adrenal gland size, indicating that the cortisol data primarily served to confirm the physiological function of the adrenal glands rather than to influence their size. The adrenal gland sizes mostly resembled those of adult animals; however, significant growth was observed between 6 and 12 months. In conclusion, the presence of small adrenal glands in young dogs with clinical suspicion should prompt further diagnostic testing or, at least, regular follow-up evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-Lungworm (Protostrongylidae) Infections in Relation to Meat Sheep Breeds, Mediterranean Climates, and Anthelmintic Regimens.","authors":"Bourhane Bentounsi, Jacques Cabaret","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050471","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protostrongylid nematodes (small lungworms) are very common in Mediterranean sheep and have long been recorded in North Africa. Here, the following four species are found: <i>Muellerius capillaris</i>, <i>Neostrongylus linearis</i>, <i>Cystocaulus ocreatus</i>, and <i>Protostrongylus rufescens</i>. Previous risk factors studies for protostrongylids have been conducted in a single farm and therefore have limitations. Sixty-one meat sheep farms in north-eastern Algeria were surveyed for protostrongylid infection and anthelmintic treatment in late autumn/early winter. The climates of the nine regions ranged from subhumid to arid for humidity and from mild to cool for winter temperature. The highest infection, estimated by the number of larvae per gram of faeces (LPG), was found in subhumid and semi-arid climates. The Rembi breed was more infected than the Ouled Djellal or their crosses. LPG decreased with increasing number of treatments. The latter was also associated with an increased percentage of <i>M. capillaris</i> and a decrease in species diversity. The anthelmintic regimen (ivermectin, levamisole, and albendazole) directly targets gastrointestinal nematodes and indirectly protostrongylids. The use of effective drugs targeting protostrongylids at key moments may provide more effective control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape of the Pulmonary Doppler Sonography Blood Flow Profile of the Congo Grey Parrot (<i>Psittacus erithacus</i>) and the Influence of Heart Disease.","authors":"Carolin Girard, Norbert Kummerfeld, Michael Pees, Michael Fehr, Marko Legler","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12050468","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12050468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In avian medicine, sonographic examination is an important diagnostic tool for heart diseases. Little is known about the diagnostic relevance of the Doppler blood flow profiles of parrots. In the present study, sonographic examinations of Congo grey parrots with atherosclerosis were evaluated retrospectively to gain more knowledge about their pulmonary and aortic systolic blood flow. The shapes of their Doppler sonographic blood flow profiles were quantified by the determination of the acceleration and deceleration phases. The investigations showed the differences between the aortic flow profile, with fast rising velocities, and the pulmonary flow profile, which has a round shape, in grey parrots. Diseased parrots with ultrasonographic signs of a right heart failure, such as an enlarged right ventricle and/or insufficiencies of the right atrioventricular and/or pulmonary valve, showed a significantly shorter acceleration and longer deceleration phase than parrots without heart failure or with sonographic signs of left heart failure only. The correlation of the shape of the pulmonary Doppler blood flow profile with the diameter of the left atrium, the systolic and diastolic diameter of the right ventricle, the fractional shortening of the left and right ventricle, and the mean aortic and pulmonary blood flow illustrates the importance of these sonographic parameters in the investigation of the function of the right ventricle in heart disease. Our examination showed that the shape of the pulmonary Doppler blood flow profile of Congo grey parrots provides important information about the pressure load on the right ventricle in heart diseases, which is comparable to that in small animal and human medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}