Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Establishment of Recombinase-Aided Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Dipstick for Rapid Detection of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Based on the <i>pla</i> Gene.","authors":"Yunhan Zhou, Xue Yang, Ziling Ding, Qiuyu Fan, Xiaofang Yan, Haifeng Liu, Ziyao Zhou, Zhijun Zhong, Jialiang Xin, Guangneng Peng","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13101091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study establishes a rapid detection method for <i>Yersinia pestis</i> that combines recombinase-aided amplification with a lateral flow dipstick (RAA-LFD) and targets the <i>pla</i> gene. Based on the <i>pla</i> gene sequences of six representative strains from NCBI, three primer pairs (P-F1/R1, P-F2/R2, and P-F3/R3) and one RAA-nfo probe were designed. The RAA-LFD assay was constructed and evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and clinical applicability. Initial screening via polymerase chain reaction followed by agarose gel electrophoresis (PCR-AGE) showed P-F3/R3 produced a faint band, while P-F1/R1 and P-F2/R2 yielded bright, specific bands. RAA-LFD condition optimization demonstrated that: clear test lines (T lines) were observable at primer concentrations of 250-2000 nM, with the strongest signal at 2000 nM; the T line signal of P-F1/R1 remained stable at 35-41 °C, peaking slightly at 39 °C, whereas P-F2/R2 decreased markedly at 35 °C (<i>p</i> < 0.01); and the integrated optical density (IOD) of the T line increased with reaction time from 5 to 30 min, with a significant difference between 5 and 30 min (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The optimal reaction conditions were consequently determined as follows: primer pair P-F1/R1, a final primer concentration of 2000 nM, and incubation at 39 °C for 30 min. All five <i>Y. pestis</i> strains tested positive, while seven non-target strains and blank controls were negative, consistent with PCR results. Regarding sensitivity, the limit of detection (LOD) of RAA-LFD was 3.8 × 10² copies/μL, approximately 10-fold lower than conventional PCR (3.8 × 10³ copies/μL). In the repeatability evaluation, intra-assay CVs were 1.79%, 0.59%, and 7.76%; inter-assay CVs were 1.75%, 2.35%, and 1.70%, all within 10%. Results for 130 clinical samples showed 100% agreement with PCR and qPCR. RAA-LFD established in this study provides a reliable, simple approach for on-site plague screening and primary laboratory diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Curcumin Protects Common Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) Against Potassium Permanganate-Induced Toxicity: Hematological, Immunological, Oxidative, and Molecular Docking Evidence.","authors":"Mücahit Eroğlu, Serpil Mişe Yonar, Duygu Tanrıkulu, Harun Uslu, Muhammet Enis Yonar","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13101085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potassium permanganate treatment can adversely affect fish physiology despite its usefulness in aquaculture. This study evaluated the protective effects of dietary curcumin against potassium permanganate-induced disturbances in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were fed a basal diet or diets supplemented with 1%, 2%, or 4% curcumin for eight weeks, with or without subsequent exposure to potassium permanganate at 2 mg/L for 30 min daily for seven days. Hematological and immune parameters and oxidative status in the liver, kidney, spleen, and gill were assessed. Potassium permanganate exposure altered blood and immune parameters, increased lipid peroxidation, and weakened antioxidant defenses. Curcumin supplementation alleviated these effects, with protection evident at 1%, the lowest dietary inclusion level tested, and further improvements in selected parameters at 4%. Inclusion levels below 1% were not evaluated, so the minimum effective level remains unknown. Molecular docking predicted interactions between curcumin and the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST at structurally plausible binding sites. These computational findings were interpreted alongside the biological results as supportive, hypothesis-generating evidence rather than confirmation of functional effects on these enzymes in vivo. Overall, dietary curcumin showed potential to reduce the physiological disturbances associated with repeated potassium permanganate exposure. Further dose-response studies should evaluate inclusion levels below 1% to identify effective and economically viable supplementation rates and determine whether curcumin affects the antiparasitic or antibacterial efficacy of potassium permanganate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Body Condition, Milk Production and Animal Movements Between Sopravissana and Comisana Sheep: An Approach to Evaluating Breed Suitability for Sustainable Farming in Central Italy.","authors":"Sara Moscatelli, Elena De Felice, Martin Wikelski, Federico Maria Tardella, Andrea Catorci, Paola Scocco","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13101082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge of farmed animals' behavior and productive traits is essential to ensure the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of pastoral activities in a climate change scenario. However, limited information is available on breed differences under semi-extensive farming conditions. This study aimed to assess differences between Comisana and Sopravissana sheep in animal movement, body condition, and milk production. From June to October 2023, 40 female sheep were equipped with GPS-dataloggers to monitor movement patterns during free grazing. During the same season, Body Condition Score (BCS) was repeatedly assessed, while milk production was monitored at the breed-group level in 60 lactating ewes. The two groups showed similar movement patterns during free-grazing times. Milk production differed between the two groups and changed over time, with different temporal trajectories between groups; the Sopravissana group showed lower milk production than the Comisana group but a smaller overall reduction over time. Differences in body condition also emerged, with Sopravissana sheep maintaining a significantly higher BCS than Comisana sheep (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Post hoc tests confirmed significant breed differences in both physiological states (lactation/dry) and showed that lactating Sopravissana ewes maintained a higher BCS than dry Comisana ewes (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). These findings suggest that the differences observed in body condition and milk-production dynamics may be relevant when considering breed choice in Mediterranean pastoral systems and could contribute to improving sustainable farm management under increasing environmental challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Identification, Genomic Analysis, and Rescue of a Field-Derived Isolate of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus from Hubei, China.","authors":"C E Chen, Mengjin Tian, Mei Zhang, Yuying Yang, Xiongyan Liang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13101084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an oncogenic retrovirus that threatens the global poultry industry through immunosuppression and neoplastic diseases. However, functional studies on field isolates have long been hampered by co-infections with other avian tumor viruses and complex genetic backgrounds. To address these issues, a field-derived REV strain, designated HB2301, was obtained from chickens in Hubei Province, China. These chickens exhibited emaciation, depression, and decreased egg production, and tumor-like nodules were observed in visceral organs at necropsy. The isolate was confirmed as REV-positive by multiplex PCR and IFA, with no detectable ALV (A/B/J/K) or MDV co-infection. Sequence analysis of the 8285 bp consensus proviral genome classified HB2301 into antigenic Subtype III. The REV genome proved highly conserved overall; the long terminal repeat (LTR) region exhibited greater variation than the coding regions, while the <i>gag</i> and <i>pol</i> genes remained the most conserved. Further analysis of the REV gp90 protein identified a unique valine-to-methionine point mutation at amino acid position 72 (V72M). This mutation is exclusively present in HB2301 and a previous Hubei isolate (HB2015021), suggesting it functions as a candidate regional marker rather than a random variation. Following consensus genome sequencing, a full-length infectious clone plasmid (pMD18-REV ABC) was constructed utilizing seamless cloning and enzymatic digestion, incorporating a targeted synonymous mutation (A2649C) as a specific molecular marker. Transfection of the infectious clone into DF-1 cells successfully rescued the recombinant virus rHB2301, which retained the A2649C genetic marker after three serial passages. The reactivity with an anti-REV gp90 monoclonal antibody and the in vitro replication kinetics of rHB2301 were comparable to those of the parental field-derived HB2301 stock. This study expands the epidemiological data on REV genetic evolution in China and provides a pure, genetically defined infectious clone platform that will facilitate future investigations into REV pathogenesis and support the development of novel prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149274159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Diagnostic Assessment of Serum Testosterone in Intact and Castrated Tomcats.","authors":"Koray Tekin, Maria Pereira, Laura Pimazzoni, Federico Bonsembiante, Paolo Zucchini, Stefano Romagnoli","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13101081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basal serum testosterone may help determine reproductive status in tomcats with an uncertain surgical history, but interpretation of a single result is limited by episodic secretion and reduced analytical precision at very low concentrations. We evaluated the analytical performance and diagnostic accuracy of an automated fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) in 80 male cats (40 intact and 40 castrated). Within-run and between-day precision and dilutional recovery were assessed using pooled feline serum, and diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Testosterone concentrations were significantly higher in intact than castrated cats (<i>p</i> < 0.001), although overlap occurred at low concentrations. ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.773 (95% CI, 0.665-0.859). The Youden-derived threshold > 0.124 ng/mL had 60.0% sensitivity (95% CI, 43.3-75.1%) and 90.0% specificity (95% CI, 76.3-97.2%). No castrated cat had a concentration > 0.271 ng/mL; this cohort-specific rule-in threshold had 47.5% sensitivity (95% CI, 31.5-63.9%) and 100% observed specificity (95% CI, 91.2-100.0%). Therefore, clearly elevated basal testosterone can support the presence of functional testicular tissue, but concentrations ≤ 0.271 ng/mL cannot exclude intact status. Low or equivocal results require integration with clinical examination and, when indicated, GnRH stimulation and/or anti-Müllerian hormone measurement. Independent validation is required before broad clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory Evaluation of the P22 ELISA for Antibody Detection in Fecal Samples from Tuberculosis-Infected Goat Herds.","authors":"Javier Ortega, Jose A Infantes-Lorenzo, Alberto Gómez-Buendía, Álvaro Roy, Carlos Velasco, Beatriz Romero, Inmaculada Moreno, Mercedes Domínguez, Javier Bezos","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13101083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Caprine tuberculosis (cTB), caused by members of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex (MTBC) represents a significant concern for animal and public health. Antibody-based diagnostic tests have emerged as promising tools to complement ante-mortem official diagnostic techniques in ruminants, which mainly use serum, although alternative, easier-to-collect samples, such as milk, oral fluid, or feces, could also be used. The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate the reactivity of an in-house P22 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in fecal samples from goats belonging to cTB-infected herds, using serum P22 ELISA and official diagnostic tests as comparators. <b>Methods</b>: Serum and fecal samples were collected from 51 and 42 adult female goats from a high-prevalence herd (<i>n</i> = 149) and a low-prevalence herd (<i>n</i> = 220), respectively, which defecated during sampling. These animals were subjected to official diagnostic techniques: single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests and the interferon-gamma release assay. As no TB-free herd was available, a preliminary fecal cut-off was established by receiver operating characteristic analysis using serum P22 ELISA as the reference classification. <b>Results</b>: The percentage of positive animals in fecal samples from the high-prevalence herd was 68.6%, while no positive results were observed in the low-prevalence herd. Serum samples showed a higher number of positives in both herds compared to fecal samples (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The agreement between official diagnostic techniques and P22 ELISA (using serum or feces) was slight in general terms. When a combined classification based on all official tests was used as the reference, fecal P22 ELISA detected 58.0% of test-positive goats, none of them in the low-prevalence herd. <b>Conclusions</b>: Under the conditions of this field study (no TB-free controls or post-mortem confirmation of infection were available), fecal P22 ELISA showed limited reactivity compared with serum, particularly in the low-prevalence herd, suggesting limited usefulness for antibody detection in TB infected goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Riet-Correa et al. Trypanosomosis by <i>Trypanosoma</i> (<i>Dutonella</i>) <i>vivax</i> in Ruminants in Brazil: Epidemiology, Clinical Signs, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Control. <i>Vet. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>12</i>, 882.","authors":"Franklin Riet-Correa, Rodrigo Ferreira Krüger, Jose Augusto Bastos Afonso, João Alberto Negrão","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13101080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149274002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Anthelmintic Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Songezo Mavundela, William Diymba Dzemo, Oriel Thekisoe","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13101077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthelmintic resistance (AHR) in gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) threatens sustainable parasite control in small ruminants worldwide. This study estimated the global prevalence of AHR and its associated factors through a PRISMA-compliant systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression registered with PROSPERO. Studies published between 1996 and March 2026 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Random-effects meta-analysis estimated the pooled prevalence of reported AHR, while subgroup and multivariable meta-regression analyses identified study-level factors associated with the prevalence of reported resistance. A total of 4809 GIN populations from small ruminant farms across 44 countries were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of reported AHR was 64.6% (95% CI: 61.7-67.5), with considerable between-study heterogeneity (I² = 77%). Benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones exhibited the highest prevalence of reported resistance (69.7% and 68.6%, respectively), whereas resistance to imidazothiazoles was significantly lower than that of benzimidazoles (OR = 0.66, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Although <i>Haemonchus</i> spp. was the most frequently reported resistant genus, resistance prevalence did not differ significantly among the major GIN genera. Molecular techniques were associated with significantly higher odds of detecting resistance than the faecal egg count reduction test (OR = 4.04, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Geographically, North America showed significantly higher resistance than Africa (OR = 1.93, <i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas Oceania showed significantly lower odds (OR = 0.27, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The odds of reported AHR increased by approximately 9% per study year (OR = 1.09, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). These findings highlight the urgent need for evidence-based parasite control and standardized resistance surveillance to slow the global spread of GIN in small ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Evidence of <i>Theileria</i> and <i>Anaplasma</i> Species in <i>Hyalomma marginatum</i> Ticks Infesting Goats in Qinghai, China.","authors":"Peiyao Yang, Lamu Aan, Chengcai Wang, Yi Yang, Zili Dime, Xuepeng Liang, Zhi Li, Dan Jia, Xueyong Zhang, Xiuying Shen, Yong Fu, Yijuan Fu, Jie Wang, Hong Duo","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13101078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods and important vectors of various pathogens. This study identified tick species parasitizing goats in Guide County, Qinghai Province, China, and screened for <i>Theileria</i> and <i>Anaplasma</i> species. Tick specimens were identified via morphological observation and molecular analysis of <i>16S</i> rRNA and <i>cox1</i> gene sequences. Pathogen detection was performed using PCR targeting the <i>18S</i> rRNA gene of <i>Theileria</i> and the <i>groEL</i> gene of <i>Anaplasma</i>, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Morphological and molecular data consistently identified all 80 engorged tick samples collected from goats on a single farm as <i>Hyalomma marginatum</i>, with 97.7-99.7% sequence similarity to reference sequences. Among the 80 tick samples, the DNA detection rate for <i>Theileria ovis</i> was 5.0% (4/80), 17.5% for <i>Theileria luwenshuni</i> (14/80), and 6.3% for <i>Anaplasma ovis</i> (5/80). In this study, <i>H. marginatum</i> was identified in Guide County, Qinghai Province, thereby enriching the current knowledge of tick species distribution in this region. Furthermore, the PCR detection of <i>T. ovis</i>, <i>T. luwenshuni</i>, and <i>A. ovis</i> DNA in <i>H. marginatum</i> provides fundamental molecular surveillance data for tick-borne pathogen monitoring in this region; however, because all examined ticks were engorged, the detected DNA may have originated from the residual host blood meal, and these findings do not demonstrate infection of the ticks or vector competence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Parrot Gut Health: Insights into the Intestinal Structure, Microbiota Diversity, Influencing Factors, and Nutritional Strategies.","authors":"Yan Jia, Yan Li, Aftab Shaukat, Shu-Cheng Huang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13101079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The parrots, a highly intelligent avian species, possesses distinctive characteristics including remarkable cognitive abilities, strong mimetic capacity, and significant economic value as companion pets, with the scale of commercial captive breeding expanding considerably over recent decades. Intestinal health is critical for nutrient digestion and absorption, and serves as a primary barrier against pathogen invasion; thus, maintaining optimal gut function is essential for enhancing overall health and breeding performance. However, compared to other poultry species, research on the pivotal role of gut health in the breeding and management of parrots remains limited. This review summarizes the unique anatomical and physiological features of the parrot digestive system, the characteristics of its gut microbiota, and their interrelationship with intestinal health, and further discusses the significance of intestinal health for the overall well-being of parrots. Additionally, this review highlights emerging nutritional regulation strategies, particularly the application of probiotics and other functional additives for improving intestinal health, which will provide new insights into enhancing the health status of parrot populations and formulating management strategies for the parrot breeding industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}