Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Scoping Review of Factors Affecting Antimicrobial Use and the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Poultry Production Chain.","authors":"Zsuzsa Farkas, Orsolya Strang, Andrea Zentai, Szilveszter Csorba, Máté Farkas, András Bittsánszky, András Tóth, Miklós Süth, Ákos Jóźwiak","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090881","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health concern, with the food production sector, particularly poultry production, playing a significant role in the spread of resistant bacteria. This study aims to identify and analyze the key factors influencing antimicrobial use (AMU) and thereby/or the spread of AMR within the poultry production chain, spanning from farm to consumer. A scoping literature review was conducted to investigate factors influencing AMU and/or the emergence and dissemination of AMR in poultry production. Knowledge synthesis was conducted from 69 relevant publications covering data from 41 countries. A total of 327 factors were identified from the various studies. Most factors (221) were related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) concerning farms. The other significant group, with 57 factors, involved intentional misuse or poor practices related to antimicrobials. The findings highlight the complexity of factors influencing AMR in poultry production, including financial pressures on farmers and varied training effectiveness. Integrated and tailored interventions are essential. Drug/feed sellers' practices require stronger regulations, while economic motivations and policy gaps must be addressed. Systematic management of these interactions and further research on environmental and genetic influences are crucial for effective strategies to combat this pressing public health challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Viremic Phase and Humoral Immune Response Against African Horse Sickness Virus That Emerged in Thailand in 2020.","authors":"Paphavee Pipitpornsirikul, Nattarat Thangthamniyom, Aree Laikul, Tapanut Songkasupa, Watcharapol Pathomsakulwong, Tawanhathai Apichaimongkonkun, Suwicha Kasemsuwan, Teerasak E-Kobon, Porntippa Lekcharoensuk","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090878","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African horse sickness (AHS), a life-threatening disease caused by African horse sickness virus serotype 1 (AHSV-1), emerged in Thailand in February 2020 with 607 cases and a 93% fatality rate. The outbreak was mitigated by vector control and a live attenuated virus (LAV) vaccine. Information regarding viremia and immunity after infection and vaccination during outbreaks are essential for controlling disease transmission. This study evaluated these parameters in 15 infected naïve horses and 11 vaccinated horses during the 2020 outbreak. Whole blood was collected and subjected to RT real-time PCR to detect viremia up to 52 weeks post-infection. ASHV-specific antibodies were accessed by blocking ELISA until 37 weeks post-vaccination. In both groups, viremia appeared in the first week and lasted until week 5 in 25% of the horses. Moreover, seroconversion occurred at week 5 in 73.3% of infected horses and at week 3 in 90% of vaccinated horses. Antibodies persisted in both groups until the end of study, with more uniform levels in vaccinated animals. Chronological relations among clinical signs, viremia, and immunity were analyzed. These findings support the use of insect-proof housing for horses for at least 5 weeks after exposure or vaccination, and provide essential insights into AHSV epidemiology and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>GUCY2D</i>-Associated Retinopathy: A Comparative Study Between Humans and German Spitz Dogs.","authors":"Bianca L V Guareschi, Juliana M F Sallum, Mariana V Salles, João G O de Moraes, Mariza Bortolini, Carolyn Cray, Bret A Moore, Carolina C da Rosa, Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090879","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anatomical and physiological similarities between human and canine eyes suggest that dogs may serve as a valuable model for studying retinopathies and developing future gene therapies. This study aims to evaluate the similarities and differences between humans with <i>GUCY2D</i> gene variants causing Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) and a group of German Spitz dogs with hereditary retinopathy due to variants in the same gene, to assess their potential as an animal model for gene therapy research. A review of medical records, genetic testing, and ophthalmological examinations was conducted, including data such as age, genotyping, fundus photography, visual acuity (VA), fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electroretinography (ERG). Both groups presented subtle fundus abnormalities and severely reduced or absent ERG responses. In humans, OCT scans revealed decreased retinal thickness and structural alterations in the outer retinal layers. Similarly, the affected dogs exhibited focal neurosensory retinal detachments. The German Spitz model with <i>GUCY2D</i> variants shows significant parallels in retinal structure and functional impairment and may represent a promising candidate for preclinical gene therapy studies for LCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-Soluble Vitamins (Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid) in Dogs with Chronic Liver Disease vs. Healthy Controls.","authors":"Verena Habermaass, Aurora Cogozzo, Francesco Bartoli, Valentina Vitelli, Rebecca Dini, Veronica Marchetti","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090877","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Water-soluble vitamin deficiencies are common in human chronic liver disease (CLD) due to impaired metabolic pathways. Vitamins B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), and B5 (pantothenic acid) assume critical roles in hepatic and lipid metabolism and may exert hepatoprotective effects. In canine CLD, data beyond cobalamin are sparse, and no guidelines currently endorse B-vitamin supplementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study analysed 66 stored serum samples from client-owned dogs with CLD and 50 from healthy blood-donor dogs. CLD diagnosis required persistent (>2 months) elevation of at least two liver enzymes (ALP, GGT, AST, ALT) and ultrasonographic evidence of CLD. Serum vitamin concentrations were quantified by LC-MS/MS (ng/mL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vitamin B2 was significantly lower in CLD dogs versus controls (median 48.4 vs. 85.5 ng/mL; <i>p</i> = 0.002). No significant difference was observed in B3 levels (<i>p</i> = 0.25). Vitamin B5 concentrations were significantly higher in the CLD group (median 176.5 vs. 116.1 ng/mL; <i>p</i> = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reduced B2 may reflect impaired hepatic processing or absorption in canine CLD. The presence of normal or elevated B3 and B5 may relate to alternative metabolic pathways. This constitutes the first study assessing B2, B3, and B5 in canine CLD, underscoring riboflavin's potential interest in CLD dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Genetics of Canine and Human Cancers.","authors":"Richard Curtis Bird, Bruce F Smith","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090875","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Domestic dogs develop cancer at rates similar to, or greater than, humans and suffer from cancer types that also reflect several similar common types of human disease. Canine cancers have, as a consequence, been investigated as a model of human cancer that is particularly attractive because it is an intermediate sized animal model with an intact immune system that develops spontaneous disease. This discipline has had extraordinary consequences for canine medicine as well, promoting the exploration of the genetics of canine cancers and the development of new therapies designed to be translated to humans but that also benefit the dogs themselves. We review the gene defects found in the most well-studied canine cancers and the new therapeutic approaches such investigations have promoted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Canine Blood Donor Experience: A Multicenter Study on Physiological and Behavioral Changes.","authors":"Rebecca Dini, Chiara Agnoli, Chiara Mariti, Eleonora Gori, Kateryna Vasylyeva, Michele Tumbarello, Veronica Marchetti","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090876","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood donor welfare is extensively studied in humans, while limited data exist for blood donor dogs. This multicentric prospective study aimed to evaluate physiological and behavioral responses in 89 canine blood donors. Clinical parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, rectal temperature) and serum cortisol levels were measured before and after blood donation (BD), along with owner-reported behavioral assessments. Results showed no significant changes in cortisol concentrations pre-BD/post-BD or in most of the clinical parameters, except for rectal temperature that was significantly increased after BD [38.5 °C (38.2-39.4 °C) vs. 38.6 °C (37.6-41.7 °C), <i>p</i> < 0.001] suggesting a transient response likely due to physical restraint. No significant differences were found between first-time and repeat donors. Owners reported higher signs of arousal during the pre-donation phase, indicating anticipation as key to the stress response. However, more than 80% of the owners reported that their dogs behaved normally after the procedure and throughout the BD day. These findings suggest that canine whole BD is generally well tolerated and unlikely associated with systemic physiological stress. However, increased attention to the anticipatory phase, along with careful temperature monitoring, individualized restraint techniques, and optimized environmental management, may further improve canine blood donor welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Evolution Analysis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Southern Xinjiang, China, from 2023 to 2025.","authors":"Shuhua Liu, Mengzhe Hou, Xin Chen, Baihe Ma, Zhen Zhang, Meiliang Guo, Yunlai Chen, Lianrui Li","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090874","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a major pathogen causing substantial economic losses in the global swine industry, was studied in southern Xinjiang to characterize its local epidemic features. Based on 632 clinical samples collected from 13 pig farms between 2023 and 2025, quantitative RT-PCR detection showed an overall positivity rate of 18.35% (116/632), with PRRSV-2 single infection accounting for 97.41% (113/116), PRRSV-1 single infection for 1.72% (2/116), and co-infection for 0.86% (1/116). Among 38 ORF5 sequences obtained from positive samples, Sublineage 1.8 (NADC30-like) was dominant, comprising 97.14% of successfully sequenced strains. Molecular analysis revealed that PRRSV-1 isolates carried six amino acid mutations including A129V (consistent with the Chinese strain CN/FJFQ-1/2023), while PRRSV-2 strains exhibited key variations such as the neutralization escape mutation Q13R, virulence-associated site K151R, and an anomalous vaccine marker A137. Furthermore, a recombinant strain (XJLETUQ2025-7) between NADC30 and VR-2332 was identified with breakpoints in NSP2 and NSP10. Serological surveillance of 2043 vaccinated pigs showed an overall antibody positive rate of 83.0% (1696/2043), with increasing annual rates from 72.3% (2023) and 75.4% (2024) to 91.3% (2025). In conclusion, the PRRSV epidemic in southern Xinjiang is primarily driven by NADC30-like strains of PRRSV-2, with recombination events and GP5 epitope variations posing challenges to disease control. These findings enhance the epidemiological understanding of PRRSV in the region and provide valuable insights for vaccine development and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cases of Interspecies Transmission of Influenza A Virus from Swine to Humans.","authors":"Nailya Klivleyeva, Tatyana Glebova, Nurbol Saktaganov, Richard Webby","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090873","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza A viruses infect many animal species and have great zoonotic potential. The epidemiology of swine influenza worldwide is of particular importance because the pig can act as a \"mixing vessel\" where avian and human influenza viruses can undergo genetic reassortment, creating new viruses. Zoonotic transmission allows new strains of influenza A viruses to be introduced into the human population, potentially causing the next influenza pandemic. The dynamic nature of swine influenza viruses poses challenges to both the swine industry and public health as a source of zoonotic infection. Human infections with swine influenza viruses are regularly reported. Many of these zoonotic events have occurred through close contact between humans and pigs, particularly at agricultural fairs, which have become a source of emerging of swine-origin influenza A viruses. These unique pig-human interfaces have caused the majority of human infections with variant influenza A viruses. In this review, we examine zoonotic spread of influenza A viruses of swine origin, transmission of influenza viruses from pigs to humans worldwide, and the reasons for the emergence of zoonoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Findings on Low-Dose 1cp-LSD for Canine Anxiety: Exploring the Role of Owner Neuroticism and Psychopathology.","authors":"Elisa Hernández-Álvarez, Jaime Rojas-Hernández, Lucas F Borkel, Domingo J Quintana-Hernández, Tobías Fernández-Borkel, Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090872","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of low-dose 1cp-LSD, a prodrug of LSD, on canine anxiety, while exploring the influence of owner psychopathology on treatment outcomes. Seven dogs exhibiting anxiety-related behaviors were recruited and received 2.5, 5, or 10 µg of 1cp-LSD orally every three days for 30 days. One additional dog, which did not meet clinical criteria for anxiety but whose owner perceived it as anxious, received a placebo (saccharin) as an observational case. Anxiety levels were assessed using validated scales at baseline, post-treatment, and one month after treatment cessation. Owners' neuroticism and psychopathological dimensions were evaluated using the IPIP and SA-45 scales. Linear regression analyses examined associations between anxiety reduction, administered dose, and owner psychological traits. A significant reduction in separation anxiety scores was observed post-treatment (mean: 11.3 ± 3.0, <i>p</i> = 0.023). Higher 1cp-LSD doses correlated with greater anxiety reduction (B = -1.15, 95% CI = [-2.29, -0.003], <i>p</i> = 0.050). Additionally, higher owner psychoticism scores were associated with smaller improvements in canine anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.035). Anxiety levels remained low one month after treatment, with significant associations between canine anxiety and the owners' hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, and paranoid ideation. These findings support the potential role of low-dose serotonergic psychedelics in managing canine anxiety and suggest an association between caregiver psychological traits and treatment outcomes. The sustained reduction in anxiety behaviors also suggests a meaningful and lasting improvement in animal welfare. However, significant results should be interpreted cautiously due to the small sample size. Further blinded, controlled studies are needed to validate these preliminary observations and assess broader applications in veterinary behavioral medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"My Workplace Is Not a Safe Place: Transgressive Behavior and Workplace Harassment in Veterinary Clinics in the Netherlands.","authors":"Jolanda Jansen, Quintie Stoel, Theo J G M Lam","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090870","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Workplace harassment and transgressive behavior-including aggression, bullying, sexual harassment, and discrimination-is a growing concern in society, including veterinary practice, worldwide. This study explores its prevalence in Dutch veterinary clinics serving different animal species, using an anonymous online survey conducted between December 2023 and January 2024. In total, 632 responses were included in the analyses. The respondents were grouped into veterinary support staff, i.e., nurses, technicians, and receptionists (54.1%), veterinarians (35.1%), practice managers (9.7%), and other (1.1%). The respondents mostly identified themselves as female (94.0%). The findings reveal that 69.6% of respondents experienced at least one form of transgressive behavior in 2023. Aggression was the most common (59.7%), followed by bullying (35.8%), discrimination (14.1%), and sexual harassment (5.9%). Younger professionals (aged ≤ 30) and veterinary support staff reported significantly more aggression and bullying than other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.005). Client-related incidents dominated aggression and bullying (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while colleagues and supervisors together accounted for most discrimination (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The results underscore an urgent need for interventions and cultural change in the veterinary sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}