Biophysical reviewsPub Date : 2025-02-20eCollection Date: 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01287-w
Patrícia Alves de Matos, Hellen Cristina Novais de Oliveira, Murillo Néia Thomaz da Silva, Edson Nossol, Tayana Mazin Tsubone
{"title":"Metal hexacyanoferrates in photodynamic and photothermal therapies.","authors":"Patrícia Alves de Matos, Hellen Cristina Novais de Oliveira, Murillo Néia Thomaz da Silva, Edson Nossol, Tayana Mazin Tsubone","doi":"10.1007/s12551-025-01287-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12551-025-01287-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves a reaction between photosensitizers (PS) and oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which effectively eliminate undesired cells. Compared to conventional treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, PDT offers several advantages, including minimal toxicity to healthy tissues and no long-term systemic side effects. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited under hypoxic conditions, as the process relies on the presence of oxygen in the target tissue. To address these challenges, combining PDT with photothermal therapy (PTT) creates a synergistic phototherapy approach. The heat generated by PTT enhances blood flow in tumors, increasing oxygen delivery to tumor sites and boosting PDT's effectiveness. These combinations are being explored in PDT/PTT as an innovative, synergistic cancer treatment strategy, aiming to enhance the therapeutic index. One promising strategy to connect both PDT and PTT therapies involves developing nanosystems that integrate metal hexacyanoferrate (MHCF) nanoparticles with multifunctional PS. Here, we review several studies that have evaluated the combination of MHCF with various PSs to apply PDT and PTT synergistically. We discuss how nanocomposites based on these materials can address the challenges and limitations still faced in PDT/PTT. This review aims to identify new opportunities for the application of metal hexacyanoferrates in these phototherapeutic modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9094,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews","volume":"17 2","pages":"561-577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biophysical reviewsPub Date : 2025-02-15eCollection Date: 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01286-x
Orkid Coskuner-Weber, Pier Luigi Gentili, Vladimir N Uversky
{"title":"Integrating chemical artificial intelligence and cognitive computing for predictive analysis of biological pathways: a case for intrinsically disordered proteins.","authors":"Orkid Coskuner-Weber, Pier Luigi Gentili, Vladimir N Uversky","doi":"10.1007/s12551-025-01286-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12551-025-01286-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incorporating biological molecular interactions into cognitive computing through chemical artificial intelligence (AI) presents a transformative approach with far-reaching implications for various fields, such as protein engineering, drug discovery, bioinformatics, synthetic biology, and unconventional computing. Cognitive computing, designed to emulate human thought processes and enhance decision-making, utilizes technologies, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and speech recognition for better human-system interactions. Despite advancements, the integration of biological processes with cognitive computing remains fraught with challenges, particularly due to the complexity and scale of biological data. Here, we explore the possible benefits of connecting cognitive computing with biological knowledge, including more precise models of protein interactions, gene regulation, and metabolic pathways, which could lead to personalized treatments and early disease detection. Furthermore, we discuss the intersection of cognitive computing and biophysical research techniques, examining how analogies from neuroscience-like synaptic communication and neural plasticity-can inform the development of neuromorphic chips and enhance predictive models. Additionally, the study delves into intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and their crucial roles in brain function and information processing. These insights are pivotal for advancing neuroinformatics and creating more adaptive, context-aware cognitive computing algorithms. By leveraging biophysical investigations and the unique properties of IDPs, the research aims to bridge the gap between the biological processes and their computational analogs, proposing novel methods, such as chemical AI implemented in liquid solutions as promising avenues for future advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":9094,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews","volume":"17 3","pages":"737-758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12290163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144727846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biophysical reviewsPub Date : 2025-02-13eCollection Date: 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01283-0
João V A Lima, Weslley F Oliveira, Abdênego R Silva, Francisco P T Melo, Martha S Ribeiro, Paulo E Cabral Filho, Adriana Fontes
{"title":"The brightness of lectins conjugated to quantum dots.","authors":"João V A Lima, Weslley F Oliveira, Abdênego R Silva, Francisco P T Melo, Martha S Ribeiro, Paulo E Cabral Filho, Adriana Fontes","doi":"10.1007/s12551-025-01283-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12551-025-01283-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the main focuses of glycobiology is investigating the synthesis and modification of carbohydrates in biological systems, due to their involvement in various processes such as cell recognition, differentiation, and immune response. Since the study of these glycans contributes to the understanding of complex biological functions, these biochemical compounds can be analyzed using lectins, which are ubiquitous proteins in nature capable of specifically recognizing carbohydrates. In addition, lectin-carbohydrate interaction can be visualized by conjugating these proteins with quantum dots (QDs), which are fluorescent nanoprobes with advantageous properties, including photostability and size-tunable emission. QDs also possess chemically active surfaces that enable the attachment of biomolecules, such as lectins. In this review, we provide detailed reports of studies involving QD-lectin conjugates conducted by the Biomedical Nanotechnology Group at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE/Brazil) and its collaborators. An integrated perspective on the use of QD-lectin conjugates to study saccharides in a range of biological systems, from bacteria and fungi to red blood cells and cancer tissues, is also presented. We hope this comprehensive review inspires further studies exploring the brightness of lectins upon conjugation with QDs to unravel glycobiological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9094,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews","volume":"17 2","pages":"419-434"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biophysical reviewsPub Date : 2025-02-13eCollection Date: 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01272-3
Kuniaki Nagayama
{"title":"Wiener filter unifies Hilbert and Zernike phase plates in electron microscopy.","authors":"Kuniaki Nagayama","doi":"10.1007/s12551-025-01272-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12551-025-01272-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report on two key discoveries resulting from the combination of the Hilbert phase plate (HPP) and the Wiener filter: firstly, the resolution of the HPP's mixed image problem through a one-step experiment, and secondly, the unification of the Zernike phase plate (ZPP) and the HPP. When the phase of the HPP is reduced to less than π, it produces a mixed image comprising both the normal and the differential images. The HPPU (left-right unified HPP), proposed to address this issue, required a two-step experimental process. However, during our efforts to resolve the mixed image problem using either the left or right HPP, we discovered that the Wiener filtering process not only addresses this issue but also facilitates the unification of the ZPP and HPP. We will discuss the theoretical development behind these discoveries and their verification through simulations of three phase contrast methods: the Scherzer, ZPP, and HPP methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":9094,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":"185-198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biophysical reviewsPub Date : 2025-02-13eCollection Date: 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01280-3
Maria Winiewska-Szajewska, Jarosław Poznański
{"title":"Differential scanning fluorimetry followed by microscale thermophoresis and/or isothermal titration calorimetry as an efficient tool for ligand screening.","authors":"Maria Winiewska-Szajewska, Jarosław Poznański","doi":"10.1007/s12551-025-01280-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12551-025-01280-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various biophysical and biochemical techniques have been developed to measure the affinity of interacting molecules. This review analyzes the combination of three methods: differential scanning fluorimetry as the initial high-throughput screening technique and microscale thermophoresis and isothermal titration calorimetry as complementary methods to quantify binding affinity. The presented work is the first to detailed compare the strengths and flaws of these three specific methods, as well as their application possibilities and complementarity. The fundamentals of these methods will be covered, including the most often-used models for characterizing observable phenomena and an emphasis on methods for analyzing data. A comprehensive review of numerous approaches to data analysis found in the literature is additionally provided, with the benefits and drawbacks of each, as well as the pitfalls and related concerns. Finally, examples of different systems will be presented, and methods used and some discrepancies in results will be described and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9094,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":"199-223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biophysical reviewsPub Date : 2025-02-13eCollection Date: 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01282-1
Gildacio Pereira Chaves Filho, Pedro de Andrade Tavares, Ananda Fernanda de Jesus, Pietro Ciancaglini, José Eduardo Santarem Segundo, Ana Paula Ramos
{"title":"Building a digital library on research into mineralizing vesicles: a systematic review-based approach.","authors":"Gildacio Pereira Chaves Filho, Pedro de Andrade Tavares, Ananda Fernanda de Jesus, Pietro Ciancaglini, José Eduardo Santarem Segundo, Ana Paula Ramos","doi":"10.1007/s12551-025-01282-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12551-025-01282-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review consolidates current research on mineralizing extracellular vesicles, or matrix vesicles (MVs), including their isolation, characterization, and role in physiological and pathological calcification. We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge by employing the keywords \"matrix vesicles\" or \"collagenase-released matrix vesicles\" or \"mineralizing vesicles\" and publishing years from 2000 to 2023. Seventy-one studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies described different experimental protocols, especially with respect to methods for isolating MVs, wherein digestion with collagenase combined with centrifugation was the most used. The studies employed characterization techniques, including the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to assess the functionality, size, and morphology of MVs. MVs contain key proteins such as ALP, annexins, and osteocalcin, along with calcium and phosphate ions, which are all critical for precipitating apatite. In the studies, evaluation of ALP activity revealed that MVs are more effective for mineralization than their parent cells and, hence, a valuable tool to regenerate bone and to engineer tissues. On the other hand, MVs play an essential role in pathologies, and the studies showed how they contribute to vascular calcification. Despite the therapeutic potential of MVs, isolation methods and characterization protocols vary across the studies, so standardized methods are needed. We have consolidated the data resulting from this systematic review in an open digital library on MVs with free access to all researchers. The users of the digital library can apply filters and taxonomy to find and interconnect the data resulting from the review.</p>","PeriodicalId":9094,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews","volume":"17 2","pages":"627-651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biophysical reviewsPub Date : 2025-02-11eCollection Date: 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01277-y
S E Faraj, M R Montes, R D Peluffo, R M González-Lebrero, R C Rossi
{"title":"Non-hyperbolic enzyme kinetics: the case of P-type ATPases.","authors":"S E Faraj, M R Montes, R D Peluffo, R M González-Lebrero, R C Rossi","doi":"10.1007/s12551-025-01277-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12551-025-01277-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many enzymes operate through mechanisms that comply with the Michaelis-Menten equation (hyperbolic kinetics). The theoretical framework for analyzing these enzymes, widely developed in the literature, is largely based on the ability to linearize the equation and apply linear regression to experimental data. However, certain systems, such as P-type ATPases, present mechanisms that do not fit into hyperbolic models, requiring the development of more complex equations. This study explores the underlying causes of the non-hyperbolic behavior observed for P-type ATPases and reviews some methodologies used for their analysis. Here, we propose to employ rational equations, whose form limits the range of possible kinetic models applicable to the system, offering a structured approach to its analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9094,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews","volume":"17 2","pages":"479-490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biophysical reviewsPub Date : 2025-02-11eCollection Date: 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01279-w
Andresa Messias, Melisa Carllinni Colombo, Juan Cruz Palermo, Jonathan A Córdova, Giovanna De Simone, Paolo Ascenzi, Darío A Estrin, Luciana Capece, Sara E Bari
{"title":"Mechanistic aspects of the binding of acid-base ligands to ferric heme proteins.","authors":"Andresa Messias, Melisa Carllinni Colombo, Juan Cruz Palermo, Jonathan A Córdova, Giovanna De Simone, Paolo Ascenzi, Darío A Estrin, Luciana Capece, Sara E Bari","doi":"10.1007/s12551-025-01279-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12551-025-01279-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The kinetics of ligand binding to ferric heme proteins is relevant in a variety of biochemical processes. With a few exceptions, ferric heme proteins at physiological pH typically show the sixth (distal) coordination position of the heme iron occupied by a water molecule. This contrasts with ferrous heme proteins, where this position is usually vacant in the absence of external ligands. In this review, we shed light on mechanistic aspects of this process, by discussing our recent results of binding of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S/HS<sup>-</sup>) and disulfane and hydrodisulfide (HSSH/HSS<sup>-</sup>) to ferric microperoxidase 11 (MP11Fe<sup>III</sup>) and metmyoglobin (MbFe<sup>III</sup>), as well as binding of peroxynitrous acid/peroxynitrite (ONOOH/ONOO<sup>-</sup>) to ferric <i>M. tuberculosis</i> nitrobindin (NbFe<sup>III</sup>). Stopped flow experimental results of ligand binding rates as a function of pH can be analyzed with a mechanistic proposal consisting of ligand migration and ligand binding steps. Ligand migration to the active site was studied by using steered classical molecular dynamics simulations. The process of ligand binding substitution of the coordinated water molecule has been studied using hybrid quantum-classical (QM-MM) tools. Our results suggest that water molecule release is the critical event of the process in most of the cases, consistently with previous proposals. However, the scenario is complex, since water release depends subtly on the heme environment and may be also assisted by the acid-base behavior of the incoming ligands. Ligand migration may also play a key role in cases in which the active site entrance is hindered.</p>","PeriodicalId":9094,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews","volume":"17 2","pages":"293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biophysical reviewsPub Date : 2025-02-10eCollection Date: 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01281-2
Luis Olivares-Quiroz, Marcos Angel Gonzalez Olvera
{"title":"Protein folding: basic statistical physics models and computational multipopulation genetic algorithms.","authors":"Luis Olivares-Quiroz, Marcos Angel Gonzalez Olvera","doi":"10.1007/s12551-025-01281-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12551-025-01281-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we present a brief and concise review about the main features of protein folding which is one of the central research questions at the interface of physics, molecular biology, and computational sciences. We describe the physical foundations of the protein folding phenomenon itself and how it arises as both a free energy minimization process combined with a hydrophobic collapse of the enzyme molten globule due to inter and intramolecular forces among amino acid residues themselves and water molecules. We cover briefly some basic statistical physics-based models to predict the thermodynamic properties of the protein folding transition. Then, we focus our attention on the implementation of computational algorithms designed to minimize energy functions in polypeptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":9094,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews","volume":"17 2","pages":"247-257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biophysical reviewsPub Date : 2025-02-08eCollection Date: 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01274-1
Rafael Tapia-Rojo
{"title":"Single-molecule magnetic tweezers to unravel protein folding dynamics under force.","authors":"Rafael Tapia-Rojo","doi":"10.1007/s12551-025-01274-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12551-025-01274-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single-molecule magnetic tweezers have recently emerged as a powerful technique for measuring the equilibrium dynamics of individual proteins under force. In magnetic tweezers, a single protein is tethered between a glass coverslip and a superparamagnetic bead, and by applying and controlling a magnetic field, the protein is mechanically stretched while force-induced conformational changes are measured by tracking the vertical position of the bead. The soft trap created by the magnetic field provides intrinsic force-clamp conditions, which makes magnetic tweezers particularly well-suited to measure protein conformational dynamics. Traditionally employed to study DNA due to their initially low spatial and temporal resolutions, magnetic tweezers instrumentation has experienced significant progress in recent years. The development of high-speed cameras, stronger illumination sources, advanced image analysis algorithms, and dedicated chemical functionalization strategies, now allow for high-resolution and ultra-stable experiments. Together with their ability to apply and control low forces, magnetic tweezers can capture long-term equilibrium protein folding dynamics, not possible with any other technique. These capabilities have proven particularly valuable in the study of force-sensing protein systems, which often exhibit low mechanical stabilities that are challenging to measure with other techniques. In this review, we will discuss the current status of magnetic tweezers instrumentation for studying protein folding dynamics, focusing on both the instrumental aspects and methodologies to interpret nanomechanical experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9094,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":"25-44"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}