EPJ Quantum Technology最新文献_第5页

Trainability maximization using estimation of distribution algorithms assisted by surrogate modelling for quantum architecture search 利用代用建模辅助的分布估计算法实现可训练性最大化，用于量子架构搜索

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00282-6

Vicente P. Soloviev, Vedran Dunjko, Concha Bielza, Pedro Larrañaga, Hao Wang

{"title":"Trainability maximization using estimation of distribution algorithms assisted by surrogate modelling for quantum architecture search","authors":"Vicente P. Soloviev, Vedran Dunjko, Concha Bielza, Pedro Larrañaga, Hao Wang","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00282-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00282-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum architecture search (QAS) involves optimizing both the quantum parametric circuit configuration but also its parameters for a variational quantum algorithm. Thus, the problem is known to be multi-level as the performance of a given architecture is unknown until its parameters are tuned using classical routines. Moreover, the task becomes even more complicated since well-known trainability issues, e.g., barren plateaus (BPs), can occur. In this paper, we aim to achieve two improvements in QAS: (1) to reduce the number of measurements by an online surrogate model of the evaluation process that aggressively discards architectures of poor performance; (2) to avoid training the circuits when BPs are present. To detect the presence of the BPs, we employed a recently developed metric, information content, which only requires measuring the energy values of a small set of parameters to estimate the magnitude of cost function’s gradient. The main idea of this proposal is to leverage a recently developed metric which can be used to detect the onset of vanishing gradients to ensure the overall search avoids such unfavorable regions. We experimentally validate our proposal for the variational quantum eigensolver and showcase that our algorithm is able to find solutions that have been previously proposed in the literature for the Hamiltonians; but also to outperform the state of the art when initializing the method from the set of architectures proposed in the literature. The results suggest that the proposed methodology could be used in environments where it is desired to improve the trainability of known architectures while maintaining good performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00282-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Keep it secret, keep it safe: teaching quantum key distribution in high school 更正：保密、安全：高中量子密钥分配教学

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00281-7

Efraim Yehuda Weissman, Avraham Merzel, Nadav Katz, Igal Galili

引用次数: 0

Fault-tolerant double-circular connectivity pattern for quantum stabilizer codes 量子稳定器代码的容错双环连接模式

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00278-2

Chao Du, Zhi Ma, Yiting Liu, Hong Wang, Yangyang Fei

{"title":"Fault-tolerant double-circular connectivity pattern for quantum stabilizer codes","authors":"Chao Du, Zhi Ma, Yiting Liu, Hong Wang, Yangyang Fei","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00278-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00278-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, the circular connectivity pattern has been presented for a class of stabilizer quantum error correction codes. The circular connectivity pattern for such a class of stabilizer codes can be implemented in a resource-efficient manner using a single ancilla and native two-qubit Controlled-Not-Swap gates (CNS) gates, which may be interesting for demonstrating error-correction codes with superconducting quantum processors. However, one concern is that this scheme is not fault-tolerant. And it might not apply to the Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes. In this paper, we present a fault-tolerant version of the circular connectivity pattern, named the double-circular connectivity pattern. This pattern is an implementation for syndrome-measurement circuits with a flagged error correction scheme for stabilizer codes. We illustrate that this pattern is available for Steane code (a CSS code), Laflamme’s five-qubit code, and Shor’s nine-qubit code. For Laflamme’s five-qubit code and Shor’s nine-qubit code, the pattern has the property that it uses only native two-qubit CNS gates, which are more efficient in the superconducting quantum platform.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00278-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating the link budget of satellite-based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for uplink transmission through the atmosphere 估算通过大气层进行上行链路传输的卫星量子密钥分发（QKD）的链路预算

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00279-1

Satya Ranjan Behera, Urbasi Sinha

{"title":"Estimating the link budget of satellite-based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for uplink transmission through the atmosphere","authors":"Satya Ranjan Behera, Urbasi Sinha","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00279-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00279-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Satellite-based quantum communications including quantum key distribution (QKD) represent one of the most promising approaches toward global-scale quantum communications. To determine the viability of transmitting quantum signals through the atmosphere, it is essential to conduct atmospheric simulations for both uplink and downlink quantum communications. In the case of the uplink scenario, the initial phase of the beam’s propagation involves interaction with the atmosphere, making simulation particularly critical. To analyze the atmosphere over the Indian subcontinent, we begin by validating our approach by utilizing atmospheric data obtained from the experiments carried out in the Canary Islands within the framework of Quantum Communication (QC). We also verify our simulation methodology by reproducing simulation outcomes from diverse Canadian locations, taking into account both uplink and downlink scenarios in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). In this manuscript, we explore the practicality of utilizing three different ground station locations in India for uplink-based QC, while also considering beacon signals for both uplink and downlink scenarios. The atmospheric conditions of various geographical regions in India are simulated, and a dedicated link budget analysis is performed for each location, specifically focusing on three renowned observatories: IAO Hanle, Aries Nainital, and Mount Abu. The analysis involves computing the overall losses of the signal and beacon beams. The findings indicate that the IAO Hanle site is a more suitable choice for uplink-based QC when compared to the other two sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00279-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflection and transmission amplitudes in a digital quantum simulation 数字量子模拟中的反射和透射振幅

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00277-3

Giuseppe Mussardo, Andrea Stampiggi, Andrea Trombettoni

引用次数: 0

Keep it secret, keep it safe: teaching quantum key distribution in high school 保密、安全：高中量子密钥分配教学

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00276-4

Efraim Yehuda Weissman, Avraham Merzel, Nadav Katz, Igal Galili

{"title":"Keep it secret, keep it safe: teaching quantum key distribution in high school","authors":"Efraim Yehuda Weissman, Avraham Merzel, Nadav Katz, Igal Galili","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00276-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00276-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cryptography protocol based on the fundamental principles of quantum physics (QP). Teaching this subject does not require extensive knowledge beyond these principles, making it suitable for inclusion in high school (HS) curricula. Despite its relevance, teaching QKD in HS is yet understudied. In this study, we collected responses from 12th-grade students from various schools that adopted and applied the Discipline-Culture vision of the physics curriculum. We assessed their understanding through conceptual and quantitative problems and examined their attitudes regarding the motivation to study this subject. We analyzed the responses using content analysis, identifying the challenges and affordances of teaching QKD. The challenges faced by students have been categorized into three themes: difficulties with QP, difficulties with the QKD protocol, and difficulties with the mathematics involved in this context. Despite these challenges, we found that teaching QKD reinforces students’ conceptual understanding of QP concepts and problem-solving skills. This work enhances educators’ ability to address the challenges of teaching QP and suggests that teaching QKD in HS strengthens students’ motivation to study QP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00276-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-party quantum key distribution protocol in quantum network 量子网络中的多方量子密钥分发协议

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00275-5

Chia-Wei Tsai, Chun-Hsiang Wang

引用次数: 0

Mathematical sense making of quantum phenomena using Dirac notation: its effect on secondary school students’ functional thinking about photons 使用狄拉克符号对量子现象进行数学感知：对中学生光子功能思维的影响

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00274-6

Fabian Hennig, Kristóf Tóth, Joaquin Veith, Philipp Bitzenbauer

{"title":"Mathematical sense making of quantum phenomena using Dirac notation: its effect on secondary school students’ functional thinking about photons","authors":"Fabian Hennig, Kristóf Tóth, Joaquin Veith, Philipp Bitzenbauer","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00274-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00274-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous research has consistently demonstrated that students often possess an inadequate understanding of fundamental quantum optics concepts, even after formal instruction. Findings from physics education research suggest that introducing a mathematical formalism to describe quantum optical phenomena may enhance students’ conceptual understanding of quantum optics. This paper investigates whether using formal descriptions of quantum optics phenomena – such as photon anticorrelation at a beamsplitter or single-photon interference in a Michelson interferometer – expressed in Dirac notation, can support secondary school students in developing functional thinking about photons. To investigate this, we conducted a clusterrandomized field study, comparing the improvement in functional thinking between 67 students in the intervention group, who were taught using both qualitative and quantitative reasoning, and 66 students in the control group, who were taught using only qualitative reasoning. The results indicate that mathematical formalism can indeed promote functional thinking about photons. However, the comparison between the intervention and control groups revealed that the control group exhibited a greater increase in functional thinking than the intervention group. In response to these findings, we conducted a follow-up study aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the cognitive load associated with both approaches. Specifically, we compared the intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load of 71 students in the intervention group with those of 65 students in the control group. The data analysis revealed that the two groups had statistically significant differences in intrinsic cognitive load while the extraneous cognitive load did not difer statistically significant, indicating a higher mental effort associated to the quantitative reasoning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00274-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum null-hypothesis device-independent Schmidt number witness 与设备无关的量子空假说施密特数见证

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00273-7

Josep Batle, Tomasz Białecki, Tomasz Rybotycki, Jakub Tworzydło, Adam Bednorz

引用次数: 0

Correlation avoidance in single-photon detecting quantum random number generators by dead time overestimation 通过死区时间高估避免单光子探测量子随机数发生器中的相关性

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00272-8

Balázs Solymos, Ágoston Schranz, Miklós Telek

引用次数: 0