EPJ Quantum Technology最新文献_第6页

Two-step quantum dialogue protocols against collective noises 两步量子对话协议对抗集体噪声

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00300-7

Jason Lin, Chen-Yu Chang, Chia-Wei Tsai, Chun-Wei Yang

{"title":"Two-step quantum dialogue protocols against collective noises","authors":"Jason Lin, Chen-Yu Chang, Chia-Wei Tsai, Chun-Wei Yang","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00300-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00300-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By designing two-step transmissions, this paper presents two quantum dialogue (QD) protocols that can resist different types of collective noise in the quantum channel. The message carrier of the proposed scheme utilizes decoherence-free subspaces to remain invariant under the impact of collective noise. We employ combinations of these quantum states to form decoy photon pairs, ensuring secure transmission and preventing message distortion. Based on the principle that a single photon in an EPR pair reveals no information about its actual state, an EPR pair requires only one photon for protection during transmission. This property effectively reduces the number of decoy photons needed to ensure the security of quantum transmission, which can also be applied to the logical EPR pair consisting of logical qubits. A quantum logic circuit is also designed to demonstrate the practical implementation of shuffling the logical qubits within each logical EPR pair. Therefore, the proposed two-step QD protocols require only half as many decoy photons to achieve the same security level as other state-of-the-art QD schemes. The significant reduction in the utilization of decoy photons improves the qubit efficiency of the proposed QD protocols compared to other existing works in the field. Additionally, the security analysis of the proposed QD schemes ensures the absence of information leakage and resistance to common quantum attacks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00300-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Undergraduate setup for measuring the Bell inequalities and performing quantum state tomography 本科生设置测量贝尔不等式和执行量子态断层扫描

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00298-y

Raul Lahoz Sanz, Lidia Lozano Martín, Adrià Brú i Cortés, Martí Duocastella, Jose M. Gomez, Bruno Juliá-Díaz

{"title":"Undergraduate setup for measuring the Bell inequalities and performing quantum state tomography","authors":"Raul Lahoz Sanz, Lidia Lozano Martín, Adrià Brú i Cortés, Martí Duocastella, Jose M. Gomez, Bruno Juliá-Díaz","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00298-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00298-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growth of quantum technologies is attracting the interest of many students eager to learn concepts such as quantum entanglement or quantum superposition. However, the non-intuitive nature of these concepts poses a challenge to understanding them. Here, we present an entangled photon system which can perform a Bell test, i.e. the CHSH inequality, and can obtain the complete tomography of the two-photon state. The proposed setup is versatile, cost-effective and allows for multiple classroom operating modes. We present two variants, both facilitating the measurement of Bell inequalities and quantum state tomography. Experimental results showcase successful manipulation of the quantum state of the photons, achieving high-fidelity entangled states and significant violations of Bell’s inequalities. Our setup’s simplicity and affordability enhances accessibility for less specialized laboratories, allowing students to familiarize themselves with quantum physics concepts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00298-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum differential cryptanalysis based on Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm 基于Bernstein-Vazirani算法的量子差分密码分析

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00295-1

Rong-Xue Xu, Hong-Wei Sun, Ke-Jia Zhang, Gang Du, Dan-Dan Li

{"title":"Quantum differential cryptanalysis based on Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm","authors":"Rong-Xue Xu, Hong-Wei Sun, Ke-Jia Zhang, Gang Du, Dan-Dan Li","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00295-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00295-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent research has demonstrated the potential of quantum algorithms to exploit vulnerabilities in various popular constructions, such as certain block ciphers like Feistel, Even-Mansour, and multiple MACs, within the superposition query model. In this study, we delve into the security of block ciphers against quantum threats, particularly investigating their susceptibility to cryptanalysis techniques, notably exploring quantum adaptations of differential cryptanalysis. Initially, we introduce a BV-based quantum algorithm for identifying linear structures with a complexity of <span>(O(n))</span>, where <i>n</i> denotes the number of bits in the function. Subsequently, we illustrate the application of this algorithm in devising quantum differential cryptanalysis techniques, including quantum differential cryptanalysis, quantum small probability differential cryptanalysis, and quantum impossible differential cryptanalysis, demonstrating polynomial acceleration compared to prior approaches. By treating the encryption function as a unified entity, our algorithm circumvents the traditional challenge of extending differential paths in differential cryptanalysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00295-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fast generation of entanglement between coupled spins using optimization and deep learning methods 利用优化和深度学习方法快速生成耦合自旋之间的纠缠

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00296-0

Dimitris Koutromanos, Dionisis Stefanatos, Emmanuel Paspalakis

{"title":"Fast generation of entanglement between coupled spins using optimization and deep learning methods","authors":"Dimitris Koutromanos, Dionisis Stefanatos, Emmanuel Paspalakis","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00296-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00296-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coupled spins form composite quantum systems which play an important role in many quantum technology applications, with an essential task often being the efficient generation of entanglement between two constituent qubits. The simplest such system is a pair of spins-<span>(1/2)</span> coupled with Ising interaction, and in previous works various quantum control methods such as adiabatic processes, shortcuts to adiabaticity and optimal control have been employed to quickly generate there one of the maximally entangled Bell states. In this study, we use machine learning and optimization methods to produce maximally entangled states in minimum time, with the Rabi frequency and the detuning used as bounded control functions. We do not target a specific maximally entangled state, like the preceding studies, but rather find the controls which maximize the concurrence, leading thus automatically the system to the closest such state in shorter time. By increasing the bounds of the control functions we observe that the corresponding optimally selected maximally entangled state also changes and the necessary time to reach it is reduced. The present work demonstrates also that machine learning and optimization offer efficient and flexible techniques for the fast generation of entanglement in coupled spin systems, and we plan to extent it to systems involving more spins, for example spin chains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00296-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing quantum technology workforce: industry insights into qualification and training needs 推进量子技术劳动力：对资格和培训需求的行业见解

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00294-2

Franziska Greinert, Malte S. Ubben, Ismet N. Dogan, Dagmar Hilfert-Rüppell, Rainer Müller

{"title":"Advancing quantum technology workforce: industry insights into qualification and training needs","authors":"Franziska Greinert, Malte S. Ubben, Ismet N. Dogan, Dagmar Hilfert-Rüppell, Rainer Müller","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00294-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00294-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transition of second-generation quantum technologies from a research topic to a topic of industrial relevance has led to a growing number of quantum companies and businesses that are exploring quantum technologies. Examples would include a start-up building a quantum key distribution device, a large company working on integrating a quantum sensing core into a product, or a company providing quantum computing consultancy. They all face different challenges and needs in terms of building their quantum workforce and training in quantum concepts, technologies and how to derive value from them. With the study documented in this paper, we aim to identify these needs and provide a picture of the industry’s requirements in terms of workforce development and (external) training and materials. We discuss, for example, the shortage of engineers and jobs relevant to the quantum industry, the challenge of getting people interested in quantum, and the need for training at different levels and in different formats – from awareness raising and self-learning materials to university courses in quantum systems engineering. The findings are based on 34 semi-structured interviews with industry representatives and a follow-up questionnaire to validate some of the issues raised in the interviews. These results have influenced activities in EU projects, including an update of the European Competence Framework for Quantum Technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00294-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the randomness of time ordered quantum measurements 论时间有序量子测量的随机性

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00288-0

Jonas Almlöf, Thomas Lettner, Samuel Gyger, Gemma Vall Llosera, Tigge Nilsson, Val Zwiller

引用次数: 0

A new quantum solution to blind millionaires’ problem without an honest third party 解决盲人百万富翁问题的新量子解决方案，无需诚实的第三方

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00293-3

Gang Du, Yu Zhang, Xinyue Mao, Hongwei Sun, Lei Wang

{"title":"A new quantum solution to blind millionaires’ problem without an honest third party","authors":"Gang Du, Yu Zhang, Xinyue Mao, Hongwei Sun, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00293-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00293-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The quantum blind millionaires’ (QBM) problem is an expanded version of the millionaires’ problem in a quantum environment. For any two sets with different members, the QBM problem represents the quantum solution of the private summation in each set and the private comparison of the results simultaneously. During it, the secrets of any participant should be protected. As a new topic in quantum secure multiparty computation (QSMC), current solutions to QBM problems usually require an honest third party to resist some potential attack strategies. However, the assumptions will affect their applicability in practical cooperative security systems. In this paper, we propose a new solution to the quantum blind millionaires’ (QBM) problem without the help of an honest third party for the first time. In our solution, the shift operations are applied to the <i>d</i>-dimensional 2-particle entangled states to encode the secrets of the participants. According to our analysis, the proposed solution can effectively resist typical internal and external attacks by applying the detection methods generated by the participants. We hope that the research will make positive developments for QSMC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00293-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An investigation of errors in ellipse-fitting for cold-atom interferometers 冷原子干涉仪椭圆拟合误差研究

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00292-4

Kevin Ridley, Anthony Rodgers

引用次数: 0

Numerical model of N-level cascade systems for atomic Radio Frequency sensing applications 用于原子射频传感应用的 N 级级联系统数值模型

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00291-5

Liam W. Bussey, Yogeshwar B. Kale, Samuel Winter, Fraser A. Burton, Yu-Hung Lien, Kai Bongs, Costas Constantinou

{"title":"Numerical model of N-level cascade systems for atomic Radio Frequency sensing applications","authors":"Liam W. Bussey, Yogeshwar B. Kale, Samuel Winter, Fraser A. Burton, Yu-Hung Lien, Kai Bongs, Costas Constantinou","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00291-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00291-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A ready-to-use numerical model has been developed for the atomic ladder (cascade) systems which are widely exploited in Rydberg Radio Frequency (RF) sensors. The model has been explicitly designed for user convenience and to be extensible to arbitrary N-level non-thermal systems. The versatility and adaptability of the model is validated up to 4-level atomic systems by direct comparison with experimental results from the prior art. The numerical model provides a good approximation to the experimental results and provides experimentalists with a convenient ready-to-use model to optimise the operation of an N-level Rydberg RF sensor. Current sensors exploit the 4-level atomic systems based on alkali metal atoms which require visible frequency lasers and these can be expensive and also suffer from high attenuation within optical fiber. The ability to quickly and simply explore more complex N-level systems offers the potential to use cheaper and lower-loss near-infrared lasers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00291-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electromagnetic side-channel attack risk assessment on a practical quantum-key-distribution receiver based on multi-class classification 基于多类分类的实用量子密钥分发接收器电磁侧信道攻击风险评估

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00290-6

John J. Pantoja, Victor A. Bucheli, Ross Donaldson

{"title":"Electromagnetic side-channel attack risk assessment on a practical quantum-key-distribution receiver based on multi-class classification","authors":"John J. Pantoja, Victor A. Bucheli, Ross Donaldson","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00290-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00290-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While quantum key distribution (QKD) is a theoretically secure way of growing quantum-safe encryption keys, many practical implementations are challenged due to various open attack vectors, resulting in many variations of QKD protocols. Side channels are one such vector that allows a passive or active eavesdropper to obtain QKD information leaked through practical devices. This paper assesses the feasibility and implications of extracting the raw secret key from far-field radiated emissions from the single-photon avalanche diodes used in a BB84 QKD quad-detector receiver. Enhancement of the attack was also demonstrated through the use of deep-learning model to distinguish radiated emissions due to the four polarized encoding states. To evaluate the severity of such side-channel attack, multi-class classification based on raw-data and pre-processed data is implemented and assessed. Results show that classifiers based on both raw-data and pre-processed features can discern variations of the electromagnetic emissions caused by specific orientations of the detectors within the receiver with an accuracy higher than 90%. This research proposes machine learning models as a technique to assess EM information leakage risk of QKD and highlights the feasibility of side-channel attacks in the far-field region, further emphasizing the need to utilise mechanisms to avoid electromagnetic radiation information leaks and measurement-device-independent QKD protocols.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00290-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0