EPJ Quantum Technology最新文献

{"title":"Introductory quantum information science coursework at US institutions: content coverage","authors":"Josephine C. Meyer,&nbsp;Gina Passante,&nbsp;Steven J. Pollock,&nbsp;Bethany R. Wilcox","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00226-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00226-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite rapid growth of quantum information science (QIS) workforce development initiatives, perceived lack of agreement among faculty on core content has made prior research-based curriculum and assessment development initiatives difficult to scale. To identify areas of consensus on content coverage, we report findings from a survey of N=63 instructors teaching introductory QIS courses at US institutions of higher learning. We identify a subset of content items common across a large fraction (≥ 80%) of introductory QIS courses that are potentially amenable to research-based curriculum development, with an emphasis on foundational skills in mathematics, physics, and engineering. As a further guide for curriculum development, we also examine differences in content coverage by level (undergraduate/graduate) and discipline. Finally, we briefly discuss the implications of our findings for the development of a research-based QIS assessment at the postsecondary level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00226-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized time-bin quantum random number generator with uncharacterized devices","authors":"Hamid Tebyanian,&nbsp;Mujtaba Zahidy,&nbsp;Ronny Müller,&nbsp;Søren Forchhammer,&nbsp;Davide Bacco,&nbsp;Leif. K. Oxenløwe","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00227-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00227-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Random number generators (RNG) based on quantum mechanics are captivating due to their security and unpredictability compared to conventional generators, such as pseudo-random number generators and hardware-random number generators. This work analyzes evolutions in the extractable amount of randomness with increasing the Hilbert space dimension, state preparation subspace, or measurement subspace in a class of semi-device-independent quantum-RNG, where bounding the states’ overlap is the core assumption, built on the prepare-and-measure scheme. We further discuss the effect of these factors on the complexity and draw a conclusion on the optimal scenario. We investigate the generic case of time-bin encoding scheme, define various input (state preparation) and outcome (measurement) subspaces, and discuss the optimal scenarios to obtain maximum entropy. Several input designs were experimentally tested and analyzed for their conceivable outcome arrangements. We evaluated their performance by considering the device’s imperfections, particularly the after-pulsing effect and dark counts of the detectors. Finally, we demonstrate that this approach can boost the system entropy, resulting in more extractable randomness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00227-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140034531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital simulation of convex mixtures of Markovian and non-Markovian single qubit Pauli channels on NISQ devices","authors":"I. J. David,&nbsp;I. Sinayskiy,&nbsp;F. Petruccione","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00224-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00224-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum algorithms for simulating quantum systems provide a clear and provable advantage over classical algorithms in fault-tolerant settings. There is also interest in quantum algorithms and their implementation in Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) settings. In these settings, various noise sources and errors must be accounted for when executing any experiments. Recently, NISQ devices have been verified as versatile testbeds for simulating open quantum systems and have been used to simulate simple quantum channels. Our goal is to solve the more complicated problem of simulating convex mixtures of single qubit Pauli channels on NISQ devices. We consider two specific cases: mixtures of Markovian channels that result in a non-Markovian channel (M + M = nM) and mixtures of non-Markovian channels that result in a Markovian channel (nM + nM = M). For the first case, we consider mixtures of Markovian single qubit Pauli channels; for the second case, we consider mixtures of Non-Markovian single qubit depolarising channels, which is a special case of the single qubit Pauli channel. We show that efficient circuits, which account for the topology of currently available devices and current levels of decoherence, can be constructed by heuristic approaches that reduce the number of CNOT gates used in our circuit. We also present a strategy for regularising the process matrix so that the process tomography yields a completely positive and trace-preserving (CPTP) channel.</p><p><b>Key points</b> </p><ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>This work simulates the convex mixtures of single qubit Markovian and non-Markovian quantum channels on NISQ devices provided by the IMBQE.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The circuits used to implement the channels take into account the topolgy of the quantum device used as well as the number of CNOT gates used.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>We present a strategy for regularising the process matrix to ensure the quantum process tomography yields a CPTP channel. Something that is not correctly implemented in Qiskit.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>A method is outlined for finding mixtures of non-Markovian depolarising channels that yield a Markovian depolarising channel. It is also shown that, one cannot convexly mix two Markovian depolarising channels that leads to a non-Markovian depolarising channel.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00224-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139976341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designs of the divider and special multiplier optimizing T and CNOT gates","authors":"Ping Fan,&nbsp;Hai-Sheng Li","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00222-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00222-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum circuits for multiplication and division are necessary for scientific computing on quantum computers. Clifford + T circuits are widely used in fault-tolerant realizations. T gates are more expensive than other gates in Clifford + T circuits. But neglecting the cost of CNOT gates may lead to a significant underestimation. Moreover, the small number of qubits available in existing quantum devices is another constraint on quantum circuits. As a result, reducing T-count, T-depth, CNOT-count, CNOT-depth, and circuit width has become the important optimization goal. We use 3-bit Hermitian gates to design basic arithmetic operations. Then, we present a special multiplier and a divider using basic arithmetic operations, where ‘special’ means that one of the two operands of multiplication is non-zero. Next, we use new rules to optimize the Clifford + T circuits of the special multiplier and divider in terms of T-count, T-depth, CNOT-count, CNOT-depth, and circuit width. Comparative analysis shows that the proposed multiplier and divider have lower T-count, T-depth, CNOT-count, and CNOT-depth than the current works. For instance, the proposed 32-bit divider achieves improvement ratios of 40.41 percent, 31.64 percent, 45.27 percent, and 65.93 percent in terms of T-count, T-depth, CNOT-count, and CNOT-depth compared to the best current work. Further, the circuit widths of the proposed <i>n</i>-bit multiplier and divider are 3<i>n</i>. I.e., our multiplier and divider reach the minimum width of multipliers and dividers, keeping an operand unchanged.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00222-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the QDST algorithm for the Schrödinger particle simulation in the infinite potential well","authors":"Marcin Ostrowski","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00223-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00223-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines whether a quantum computer can efficiently simulate the time evolution of the Schrödinger particle in a one-dimensional infinite potential well. In order to solve the Schrödinger equation in the quantum register, an algorithm based on the Quantum Discrete Sine Transform (QDST) is applied. The paper compares the results obtained in this way with the results given by the previous method (based on the QFT algorithm).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00223-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mbit/s-range alkali vapour spin noise quantum random number generators","authors":"Matija Koterle,&nbsp;Samo Beguš,&nbsp;Jure Pirman,&nbsp;Tadej Mežnaršič,&nbsp;Katja Gosar,&nbsp;Erik Zupanič,&nbsp;Rok Žitko,&nbsp;Peter Jeglič","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00221-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00221-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spin noise based quantum random number generators first appeared in 2008 and have since then garnered little further interest, in part because their bit rate is limited by the transverse relaxation time <span>(T_{2})</span> which for coated alkali vapour cells is typically in the kbit/s range. Here we present two advances. The first is an improved bit generation protocol that allows generating bits at rates exceeding <span>(1/T_{2})</span> with only a minor increase of serial correlations. The second is a significant reduction of the time <span>(T_{2})</span> itself by removing the coating, increasing the vapour temperature and introducing a magnetic-field gradient. In this way we managed to increase the bit generation rate to 1.04 Mbit/s. We analyse the quality of the generated random bits using entropy estimation and we discuss the extraction methods to obtain high-entropy bitstreams. We accurately predict the entropy output of the device backed with a stochastic model and numerical simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00221-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139908730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CIRCUS: an autonomous control system for antimatter, atomic and quantum physics experiments","authors":"M. Volponi,&nbsp;S. Huck,&nbsp;R. Caravita,&nbsp;J. Zielinski,&nbsp;G. Kornakov,&nbsp;G. Kasprowicz,&nbsp;D. Nowicka,&nbsp;T. Rauschendorfer,&nbsp;B. Rienäcker,&nbsp;F. Prelz,&nbsp;M. Auzins,&nbsp;B. Bergmann,&nbsp;P. Burian,&nbsp;R. S. Brusa,&nbsp;A. Camper,&nbsp;F. Castelli,&nbsp;R. Ciuryło,&nbsp;G. Consolati,&nbsp;M. Doser,&nbsp;L. T. Glöggler,&nbsp;Ł. Graczykowski,&nbsp;M. Grosbart,&nbsp;F. Guatieri,&nbsp;N. Gusakova,&nbsp;F. Gustafsson,&nbsp;S. Haider,&nbsp;M. Janik,&nbsp;G. Khatri,&nbsp;Ł. Kłosowski,&nbsp;V. Krumins,&nbsp;L. Lappo,&nbsp;A. Linek,&nbsp;J. Malamant,&nbsp;S. Mariazzi,&nbsp;L. Penasa,&nbsp;V. Petracek,&nbsp;M. Piwiński,&nbsp;S. Pospisil,&nbsp;L. Povolo,&nbsp;S. Rangwala,&nbsp;B. S. Rawat,&nbsp;V. Rodin,&nbsp;O. M. Røhne,&nbsp;H. Sandaker,&nbsp;P. Smolyanskiy,&nbsp;T. Sowiński,&nbsp;D. Tefelski,&nbsp;T. Vafeiadis,&nbsp;C. P. Welsch,&nbsp;T. Wolz,&nbsp;M. Zawada,&nbsp;N. Zurlo","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00220-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00220-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A powerful and robust control system is a crucial, often neglected, pillar of any modern, complex physics experiment that requires the management of a multitude of different devices and their precise time synchronisation. The AEḡIS collaboration presents CIRCUS, a novel, autonomous control system optimised for time-critical experiments such as those at CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator and, more broadly, in atomic and quantum physics research. Its setup is based on Sinara/ARTIQ and TALOS, integrating the ALPACA analysis pipeline, the last two developed entirely in AEḡIS. It is suitable for strict synchronicity requirements and repeatable, automated operation of experiments, culminating in autonomous parameter optimisation via feedback from real-time data analysis. CIRCUS has been successfully deployed and tested in AEḡIS; being experiment-agnostic and released open-source, other experiments can leverage its capabilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00220-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long mean-life-time-controlled and potentially scalable qubits composed of electric dipolar molecules based on graphene","authors":"Yong-Yi Huang","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00219-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00219-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a new kind of qubits composed of electric dipolar molecules. The electric dipolar molecules in an external electric field will take simple harmonic oscillations, whose quantum states belonging to the two lowest energy levels act as the states <span>(|0rangle)</span>, <span>(|1rangle)</span> of a qubit. The qubits’ excited states have a very long controlled mean life time about several seconds. We can perform quantum computations by manipulating the qubits of electric dipolar molecules just like those of neutral atoms. When the qubits are used for quantum computations, the dipolar moments’ orientations will harmonically oscillate along an external electric field and they will not change the directions: along or against the electric field, so the qubits can be large-scalely manufactured in graphene system. The radius of Rydberg blockade is about 100 nm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00219-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139719738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonreciprocal macroscopic tripartite entanglement in atom-optomagnomechanical system","authors":"Qianjun Zheng,&nbsp;Wenxue Zhong,&nbsp;Guangling Cheng,&nbsp;Aixi Chen","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00218-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00218-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate how to generate the nonreciprocal macroscopic tripartite entanglement among the atomic ensemble, ferrimagnetic magnon and mechanical oscillator in a hybrid atom-optomagnomechanical system, where an ensemble of two-level atoms and a yttrium iron garnet micro-bridge supporting the magnon and mechanical modes are placed in a spinning optical resonator driven by a laser field. The phonon being the quantum of the mechanical mode interacts with the magnon and the optical photon via magnetostriction and radiation pressure, respectively, and meanwhile the photon couples to the atomic ensemble. The results show that not only all bipartite entanglements but also the genuine tripartite entanglement among the atomic ensemble, magnon and phonon could be generated at the steady state. Moreover, the nonreciprocity of atom-magnon-phonon entanglement can be obtained with the aid of the optical Sagnac effect by spinning the resonator, in which the entanglement is present in a chosen driving direction but disappears in the other direction. The nonreciprocal macroscopic tripartite entanglement is robust against temperature and could be flexibly controlled by choosing the system parameters. Our work enriches the study of macroscopic multipartite quantum states, which may have potential applications in the development of quantum information storage and the construction of multi-node chiral quantum network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00218-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139585355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Quantum Technology Open Master: widening access to the quantum industry","authors":"Simon Goorney,&nbsp;Matoula Sarantinou,&nbsp;Jacob Sherson","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00217-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00217-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article we conceive of the <i>Open Master</i>, a new form of Transnational Education, as a means of enhancing accessibility to specialist expertise in Quantum Technology. Through participatory action research conducted during the setup and operation of a pan-European pilot project, the QTEdu Open Master (QTOM), we examine the viability of this educational model to offer flexible learning opportunities to STEM Master’s students through the setup and year-long operation of an online course exchange platform. A crucial lynchpin in the Open Master model are the mechanisms of <i>local accreditation</i> available for the awarding of credit, which we divide into distinct course types varying in formality and applicability. Furthermore, we have elucidated the strategies taken by staff to successfully implement the Open Master and benefit from its transformative value, building long-lasting communities within and between faculty, and scaling up educational offerings across Europe. With this research, we reflect on a possible future for QT Education.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00217-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139561198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}