Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"From agricultural waste to antioxidant treasure: valorization of Astragalus stems through high-pressure steam explosion-derived polysaccharides with dual ROS-scavenging and embryoprotective effects","authors":"Yuning An,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Mu Qier,&nbsp;Wenwen Wang,&nbsp;Yanbin Wang,&nbsp;Yuquan Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoping An","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00775-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00775-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Astragalus</i>, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been widely utilized. However, its stems (AS) are often discarded as agricultural waste. High-pressure steam explosion (HPSE) is an effective technique for disrupting plant cell walls and releasing bioactive substances. In this study, a novel antioxidant crude polysaccharide (HPSEASCP) was developed from AS through HPSE pretreatment combined with water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and protein removal. The bioactive components, structural composition, and antioxidant properties of HPSEASCP were systematically evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results demonstrated that HPSE pretreatment significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of ASCP by reducing molecular weight, increasing uronic acid levels, and promoting the release of polysaccharide, bound polyphenols and flavonoids, thereby enriching its bioactive components. Importantly, these modifications preserved the core <i>β</i>-polysaccharide structure and functional groups. HPSEASCP exhibited significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and reducing power compared to ASCP. In vivo studies leveraging a zebrafish model revealed that 25 μg/mL HPSEASCP effectively improved embryo survival and hatching rates while alleviating AAPH-induced oxidative stress. Concretely, HPSEASCP reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, suppressed lipid peroxidation levels, and decreased cell death rates in embryos under oxidative stress conditions, thereby promoting healthy larval development. These findings highlight the remarkable antioxidant potential of HPSEASCP as a candidate for functional food or pharmaceutical applications while providing new insights into the valorization of AS agricultural waste.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00775-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphophysiological responses and gene regulation of two bermudagrass cultivars differing in response to drought stress","authors":"Jia Jiang,&nbsp;Along Chen,&nbsp;Jiayi Qi,&nbsp;Xiashun Liu,&nbsp;Qianhan Zhao,&nbsp;Chen Wang,&nbsp;Tiantian He,&nbsp;Xueling Zheng,&nbsp;Wenjing Deng,&nbsp;Jingbo Chen,&nbsp;Dandan Li,&nbsp;Fuchun Xie,&nbsp;Yajun Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00773-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00773-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i>) is a widely used warm-season turfgrass worldwide. However, bermudagrass often faces the challenges from drought stress in practical application. Selection and breeding of drought-tolerant cultivars of bermudagrass is crucial for thriving in arid environments. In this study, we employed two different drought-tolerant bermudagrass cultivars ‘Yangjiang’ and ‘Guanzhong’ to assess the morphology, physiology and transcriptome under various drought stress conditions. The outcomes unveiled that drought-tolerant ‘Guanzhong’ exhibited superiority in morphology, light utilization efficiency, relative water content, antioxidant and osmotic regulation capabilities compared to drought-susceptible ‘Yangjiang’. In addition, transcriptome sequencing showed that photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, peroxisome and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were the key metabolic pathways of bermudagrass in response to drought stress. Compared to the drought-sensitive cultivar ‘Yangjiang’, the drought-tolerant ‘Guanzhong’ exhibited lower expression of <i>AUX/IAA</i> genes (negative regulators of auxin signaling), which reduces their inhibitory effect on auxin response factors (<i>ARF</i>), thereby enhancing auxin signaling efficiency to coordinate adaptive growth. Additionally, compared with ‘Yangjiang’, the down-regulated protein phosphatases (<i>PP2C</i>) in ‘Guanzhong’ weaken their suppression of <i>SnRK2</i>, resulting in heightened ABA signaling sensitivity. In comparison to ‘Yangjiang’, ‘Guanzhong’ displayed a higher IAA concentration and a lower ABA concentration under stress conditions, thus ensuring a more efficient utilization of water by minimizing stomatal aperture and reducing water evaporation. The results suggested that regulation of morphology, physiological metabolism and genes expression could contribute to drought tolerance in bermudagrass.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00773-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the occurrence and role of Methylobacterium endophytes in olive trees: insights into potential interactions with Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca","authors":"Mariangela Carlucci,&nbsp;Pompea Gabriella Lucchese,&nbsp;Cinzia Benincasa,&nbsp;Rosa Nicoletti,&nbsp;Andrea Pacifico,&nbsp;Enzo Perri,&nbsp;Franco Nigro","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00770-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00770-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS), caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> (<i>Xfp</i>), is a destructive vascular disease affecting olive trees, particularly in Apulia, Southeastern Italy. Control measures rely on containment and replanting with resistant cultivars. Endophytic bacteria, including <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp., have shown potential in mitigating vascular diseases. These facultative methylotrophic bacteria inhabit xylem vessels and compete with pathogens like <i>Xfp</i> by producing siderophores that limit iron availability.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Analysis of endophytic bacterial populations in olive trees identified <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp. in both healthy and <i>Xfp</i>-infected plants, with variable isolation frequencies. Molecular identification based on 16S rDNA and <i>mxaF</i> gene sequences classified isolates as <i>M. radiotolerans</i> (70%) and <i>M. mesophilicum</i> (30%). Phylogenetic analysis showed limited genetic variation, clustering isolates with reference strains. In vitro experiments revealed that culture supernatants from <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp., grown in siderophore-inducing media, affected <i>Xfp</i> growth in a concentration-dependent manner. At low concentrations (up to 2%), supernatants stimulated <i>Xfp</i> growth, while higher concentrations (20% and 50%) inhibited growth. Selected strains of <i>M. radiotolerans</i> and <i>M. mesophilicum</i> were confirmed as siderophore producers through CAS blue agar tests and targeted LC–MS/MS analysis. LC–MS/MS identified ferrioxamine E and ferrichrome in all <i>Methylobacterium</i> strains, with the highest levels in <i>M. organophilum</i> and <i>M. aminovorans</i>. Deferoxamine was absent, whereas <i>Xfp</i> exhibited elevated production of ferrioxamine E, deferoxamine, and ferrichrome.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study underscores the biocontrol potential of <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp. against <i>Xfp</i>, suggesting an ability to compete with the pathogen through siderophore-mediated mechanisms. The dual effect of <i>Methylobacterium</i> supernatants—stimulatory at low concentrations and inhibitory at higher levels—highlights the complexity of plant–microbe–pathogen interactions. The production of ferrioxamine E and ferrichrome suggests a possible role in modulating iron availability in vivo, potentially reducing <i>Xfp</i>'s growth and virulence. These findings provide a basis for developing <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp. as sustainable biocontrol agents to manage <i>Xfp</i> in olive production systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00770-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial functional diversity indicators in vineyard soils under organic and biodynamic land management","authors":"Tábata A. Bublitz,&nbsp;Heberto Rodas-Gaitan,&nbsp;Rainer Georg Joergensen,&nbsp;Vincent Masson,&nbsp;Juergen Fritz","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00766-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00766-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>An on-vineyard approach was used to investigate the effects of biodynamic (BD) preparations on microbial functional diversity and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in four vineyards on different bedrocks under organic management.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), multi-substrate-induced respiration (MSIR), with 17 substrates and H₂O, EPS, and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) were measured in soils taken from vineyards without (BD -) and with (BD +) biodynamic preparations.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>All parameters showed a significant vineyard effect due to specific soil types, and all, except GRSP and the GRSP/EPS-prot, showed an effect of BD preparations. BD + resulted in significant increases in MBC, MBC/SOC, EPS-carbohydrates and respiratory response for most vineyards but a significant decrease in the <i>q</i>CO₂ values. The significant increases in mean SOC, Total N, CO₂C, and the ratios EPS-carb/EPS-prot with BD +, as well as decreases in mean EPS-proteins and the ratios EPS-carb/MBC and EPS-prot/MBC were not reflected by significant differences between the individual vineyards. GRSP was negatively related to the microbial respiratory response of all substrates added.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The significant effects of vineyard are closely connected to soil pH and texture. The significant increases in BD +, visible in MBC, MBC/SOC and EPS-carbohydrates, and the latter positive correlation with the respiratory response demonstrates an improvement of soil chemical and biological properties for most vineyards. Lower ratios of EPS-carb/MBC, EPS-prot/MBC and amounts of EPS-protein indicate that soil microorganisms diverted less substrate to the formation of EPS and more to the production of microbial biomass. GRSP and GRSP/EPS-prot did not show any explainable pattern. Future investigations on soil structure might be of benefit for studies on the effect of BD preparations in vineyards.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00766-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commensal Lactobacillus stimulates the intestinal methionine metabolism of weaning piglets by reshaping gut microbiota and metabolites","authors":"Woong Ji Lee,&nbsp;Anna Kang,&nbsp;Min-Jin Kwak,&nbsp;Sangdon Ryu,&nbsp;Hyeon-Jin Kim,&nbsp;Minho Song,&nbsp;Younghoon Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00771-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00771-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The mammalian gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex microbiome essential for sustaining host health, particularly during pivotal stages such as weaning in piglets. Weaning represents a significant stressor, leading to substantial shifts in the gut microbiota composition and functionality. This study investigated the impact of weaning stress on the gut microbiome and metabolite profiles of piglets, focusing on how methionine supplementation influences gut health and physiological development.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A multiomics approach that integrates metagenomics, metabolomics, culturomics, and transcriptomics was employed to characterize the gut microbiota before and after weaning. During the weaning period, weaning stress was characterized by a reduction in the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, particularly a significant decrease in commensal <i>Lactobacillus</i> species, such as <i>L. mucosae</i>, <i>L. reuteri</i>, and <i>L. amylovorus</i>. Metabolomic analysis further revealed reductions in methionine and other metabolites associated with methionine metabolism and reductions in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and lipid-related metabolites. Analysis of culture supernatants from <i>Lactobacillus</i> isolates demonstrated that these commensal <i>Lactobacillus</i> produced methionine, methionine-related metabolites, and BCAAs, highlighting a close relationship between methionine and commensal <i>Lactobacillus</i> abundance under weaning stress. Moreover, methionine supplementation in intestinal epithelial cells under methionine-deficient conditions led to the upregulation of genes related to methionine and pyruvate metabolism.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Weaning stress results in the simultaneous reduction of both commensal <i>Lactobacillus</i> abundance and methionine levels in the piglet gut, with a significant inter-relationship between these factors. Methionine supplementation shows potential in mitigating gut dysbiosis and metabolic disruptions induced by weaning stress.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00771-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the microbial community and the fermentation characteristics of wrapped natural grass silage inoculated with composite bacteria","authors":"Jingyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Haixia Ma,&nbsp;Qian Guo,&nbsp;Bilige Sudu,&nbsp;Hongyan Han","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00753-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00753-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effects of composite bacterial inoculants on the fermentation quality, microbial community composition, and nutrient preservation of natural grass silage produced in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia. Four treatment groups were set, each using distinct combinations of lactic acid bacteria: a control group (C) with no inoculant and three inoculated groups (Group B: <i>Lentilactobacillus buchneri</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i>; Group P: <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> A1 and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> LP-21; and Group M: <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i>). After 240 days of ensiling, the inoculated groups exhibited significantly higher contents of crude protein and dry matter (DM) and lower ammonia nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber levels than the control group. The M group demonstrated superior fermentation performance, exhibiting the lowest pH (C 5.15; B 4.77; P 4.64; and M 4.57), the highest lactic acid concentration (C 3.40% DM; B 6.80% DM; P 7.73% DM; and M 8.00% DM), and an optimal microbial composition dominated by <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> and <i>Lentilactobacillus</i>. These improvements were attributed to <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>, a bacterium that can produce a substantial amount of lactic acid through homofermentation, thereby lowering the pH, inhibiting the activity of undesirable microorganisms, and enhancing nutrient preservation. High-throughput sequencing revealed shifts in the dominant bacterial phyla from Proteobacteria in raw grass to Firmicutes in silage, with inoculants significantly influencing microbial diversity and functional profiles. Functional prediction indicated enhanced carbohydrate metabolism and nutrient preservation in the inoculated groups. These findings underscore the potential of tailored bacterial inoculants and advanced wrapping technology to improve the quality of silage and thus support sustainable livestock production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00753-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the microbiome potential and metabolic profiling of animal waste co-composting reveals the co-occurrence network of non-microbial and microbial biostimulants to strengthen conservative practices in sustainable agriculture","authors":"Argha Chakraborty,&nbsp;M. K. Saroja,&nbsp;Sourav Garai,&nbsp;Sukamal Sarkar,&nbsp;Aiswarya Bhattacharjee,&nbsp;Kalyan Roy,&nbsp;Sanchayeeta Misra,&nbsp;Rupak Goswami,&nbsp;Sudipta Tripathi,&nbsp;Natesan Ravisankar,&nbsp;Gautam Chatterjee","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00765-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00765-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>India has a rich history of agriculture with its vast biodiversity niches and traditional soil conservation practices. More recently, there have been growing molecular insights into crop-soil management practices and their niche microbial consortia and underlying services. However, harnessing traditional innovations to conserve and promote niche-specific microbiome management in agriculture has not been explored in detail. In an earlier report, we anticipated that the oldest documented microbial technology, <i>Kunapajala</i>, has the indigenous microbiome potential that reinforces its unifying cyclical operation interlinked with agro-waste recycling and valorization to eco-friendly food production. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular signatures of the microbiome–metabolite potential in this traditional liquid manure.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results showed that fish- and livestock waste-derived <i>Kunapajala</i> are dynamic sources of plant-available macronutrients, plant growth regulators, and other bio-active compounds over 90 days of incubation. Besides estimation of microbial loads and dynamics in culture-based assays, whole genome metagenome (WGMG) sequencing data confirmed that bacteria, primarily <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Proteobacteria</i>, constitute the dominant kingdom (&gt; 95% of total reads), with over 30% microbial abundance as potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), notably representing <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Corynebacterium</i>, and <i>Bacillus</i>, in 30-day fermented products. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database further identifies the predominance of enzymatic regulations in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism (&gt; 20%), reflecting high organic matter turnover into different hydrolysates and metabolites in <i>Kunapajala</i>. To further support and validate, liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS) based metabolite screening elucidates their potential roles in plant growth promotion and stress adaptation. We also investigate the plant biostimulant potential of <i>Kunapajala</i> and further establish its function as an organic fertilizer in a controlled pot-based assay in red amaranth. Overall, our microbiome–metabolite data highlight the dynamic co-occurrence of non-microbial and microbial biostimulants to redefine its niche compositional network and potential roles in sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study presents the first comprehensive microbiomes and metabolite profiling of <i>Kunapajala</i>, which could further advance and inform strategies for customized optimization of microbial consortia in agroecosystem functioning. Overall, employing metagenomic approaches to harnessing traditional organic amendments brings new molecular insights to strengthen conservative practices in sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00765-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide (PCHP-1A) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities","authors":"Lunbin Xia,&nbsp;Cunwu Chen,&nbsp;Shaoshuai Bi,&nbsp;Yafei Zhang,&nbsp;Naidong Chen,&nbsp;Jing Feng","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00768-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00768-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In recent years, the biological activities of polysaccharides derived from Chinese herbal medicones have garnered increasing attention. &lt;i&gt;Polygonatum cyrtonema&lt;/i&gt; Hua, a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal herb, possesses significant healthcare value. However, the structure–activity relationship between polysaccharide structures and biological functions remains to be fully elucidated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Crude &lt;i&gt;Polygonatum cyrtonema&lt;/i&gt; Hua polysaccharides (PCHP) were extracted using hot water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation. The extract was subsequently purified through DEAE seplife FF chromatography, yielding two franctions: PCHP-1 and PCHP-2. Because of the highest content and the better solubility, PCHP-1 was further purified using Sephacryl S-400HR column chromatography to obtain a purified fraction designated as PCHP-1A. Subsequently, The structural characteristics of PCHP-1A were comprehensively analyzed through monosaccharide composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of PCHP-1A were evaluated though in vitro experiments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Structural analysis revealed that PCHP-1A, with an average molecular weight of 2.90 × 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; Da, is comprised of fructose (Fru), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), arabinose (Ara) and rhamnose (Rha). PCHP-1A exhibited a compact and curly spherical molecule conformation, and SEM analysis revealed its smooth, porous, clastic or lamellar microstructure. Comprehensive FT-IR, GC–MS, and 1D/2D NMR analyses indicated that the main chain of PCHP-1A consists of → 1)-β-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-Fru&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;-(2 → , → 1,6)-β-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-Fru&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;-(2 → , and → 6)-α-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-Glc&lt;i&gt;p,&lt;/i&gt; with branch chains primarily composed of β-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-Fru&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;-(2 → linked at the &lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;-6 position of → 1,6)-β-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-Fru&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;-(2 →. Biological activity assays demonstrated that at a concentration of 4.0 mg/mL, PCHP-1A exhibited a DPPH scavenging rate of 56.92 ± 1.42% and an inhibitory capacity against &lt;b&gt;·&lt;/b&gt;OH radicals of 23.27 ± 1.80 U/mL. Furthermore, PCHP-1A showed significant hypoglycemic activity, with an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 5.15 ± 1.09 mg/mL.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study successfully isolated and purified polysaccharide from &lt;i&gt;Polygonatum cyrtonema&lt;/i&gt; Hua, elucidated its fundamental structure, and investigated its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the structure–activity relationship of the polysaccharide and suggest that &lt;i&gt;Polygonatum cyrtonema&lt;/i&gt; Hua polysaccharide may be a natural potential antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Graphical Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;picture&gt;&lt;source&gt;&lt;img&gt;&lt;/source&gt;&lt;/picture&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00768-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humic acids modify root architecture in Arabidopsis through H+-ATPase-dependent target of rapamycin activation in concert with Ca2+ and ROS signaling","authors":"Mirella Pupo Santos,&nbsp;Milan Zupunski,&nbsp;Hiarhi Monda,&nbsp;Jason Gralian,&nbsp;Aletia James,&nbsp;Guido Grossmann,&nbsp;Richard T. Lamar,&nbsp;Daniel Basílio Zandonadi","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00764-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00764-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Humic acids (HA) function as plant biostimulants, enhancing plant metabolism by activating the primary proton transport system, which promotes root growth. This study investigated the effects of HA on root growth, H⁺ extrusion, Ca²⁺ signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, examining how HA might integrate nutrient sensing with growth regulation through plant hormone transport.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>HA rapidly increased cytosolic Ca²⁺ and ROS, and altered root architecture in <i>Arabidopsis</i> lines Columbia-0 (Col-0) and G548 TOROE (overexpressing TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN). In Col-0, HA exposure increased total, primary, and lateral root lengths, while in TOROE plants, only primary root length changed. HA also doubled the expression of transcripts in Col-0 roots, including those for PM H⁺-ATPase (<i>AHA2</i>), TOR kinase, ROS-related <i>RBOHC</i>, and auxin transporters <i>LAX3</i> and <i>PIN3</i>. Only <i>AHA2</i> and <i>RBOHC</i> were upregulated in TOROE plants. Findings indicate that HA promotes rhizosphere acidification and plasma membrane potential regulation via <i>AHA2</i> and <i>RBOHC</i>, linked to auxin transporters and calcium signaling.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The data suggest HA, rich in compounds like quinones and flavonoids, stimulates root development by triggering Ca²⁺ waves, NADPH oxidase and H⁺-ATPase activities. These findings advance our understanding of TOR and H⁺-ATPase roles in root architecture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00764-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic profiling and insecticidal activities of Rosmarinus officinalis L. for the management of Aphis craccivora Koch and Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell","authors":"Urvashi Kashyap,&nbsp;S. G. Eswara Reddy","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sucking insects are major threat to agricultural and horticultural crops. Indiscriminate application of chemical insecticides for the control of pests leads to the development of resistance, harmful to non-target organisms, consumers’ health, the environment, etc. Therefore, botanical insecticides are alternate to synthetic pesticides for the control of sucking pests. In the present investigation, chemical constituents, metabolic profile, and insecticidal activities of &lt;i&gt;Rosmarinus officinalis&lt;/i&gt; L. (Lamiaceae) ethanolic aqueous extract (EAE), fractions and compounds were screened against &lt;i&gt;Aphis craccivora&lt;/i&gt; Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and &lt;i&gt;Planococcus lilacinus&lt;/i&gt; Cockerell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that linolenic acid (24.97%), 1,8-cineole (14.26%), myrcene (10.67%), hexadecenoic acid (9.91%), and camphene (7.12%) were the major constituents in the &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-hexane fraction. UHPLC–ESI-QTOF-IMS analysis of ethanolic aqueous extract (EAE) showed the presence of palmitoleic acid, 4-ethoxy ethyl benzoate, 7-methylrosmanol, and diosmin as major metabolites. Among extract and fractions, EAE was found more effective to &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; (lethal dose to kill 50% of test insect &lt;i&gt;i. e&lt;/i&gt;., LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 1.84 µL/nymph) after 96 h followed by &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-hexane fraction (LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 2.22 µL/insect). In &lt;i&gt;P. lilacinus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-hexane fraction displayed highest toxicity (LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 1.46 µL/crawler) followed by ethyl acetate and &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-butanol fraction (LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 2.01–2.29 µL/crawler). All combinations of the EAE and fractions exhibited synergetic action. Amongst compounds, linolenic acid was found superior to &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; (LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.59 µL/nymph) and &lt;i&gt;P. lilacinus&lt;/i&gt; (LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.99 µL/crawler). EAE and its fractions also showed significant reproductive inhibition and deterrence to target pests. Further, EAE significantly inhibited in vivo enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and mixed function oxidase (MFO) in &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; after 24 and 48 h. In &lt;i&gt;P. lilacinus&lt;/i&gt;, only GST showed inhibition but AChE and carboxylesterase (CES 1) were induced after 24 h. SEM study revealed notable aberrations in the structure of the peritoneum, setae, and thoracic legs of &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; after ingestion of EAE. Under greenhouse conditions, the higher dose of &lt;i&gt;R. officinalis&lt;/i&gt; EAE (20 g/L) reported higher reduction of &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; on leaf (82.28 to 89.36%) and twigs (70.68 to 85.72%) of cowpea after 3, 5 and 7 days of second spray.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Based on our greenhouse study results, EAE of &lt;i&gt;R. officinalis&lt;/i&gt; may be recommended for the control of &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; in crop plants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Graphical Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;picture&gt;&lt;source&gt;&lt;img&gt;&lt;/source&gt;&lt;/picture&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/f","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}