Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound and enzyme-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of polysaccharides from Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.: process comparison and optimization, structural characterization, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities","authors":"Wei Feng,&nbsp;Bowen Qi,&nbsp;Rong Wang,&nbsp;Ziwei Li,&nbsp;Junlong Wang,&nbsp;Yonggang Lin","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00945-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00945-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In recent years, polysaccharides derived from wild fruit resources have attracted considerable attention due to their significant biological activities. The <i>Prunus cerasifera</i> Ehrh. is an important wild fruit species with a wide range of applications. The polysaccharides found in this plant are among its key bioactive components.This study established a green and efficient ultrasonication-enzyme-assisted deep eutectic solvent method (UE-DES) to extract polysaccharides from <i>Prunus cerasifera</i> Ehrh. (PCCP). Based on yield, composition, and bioactivity, UE-DES was compared with conventional methods, and its extraction process was optimized with mechanistic investigation. Purification led to the acquisition of two homogeneous polysaccharides, PCCP-1 and PCCP-2. Their physicochemical properties were analyzed by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated through methylation and Smith degradation.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results indicate that the optimal conditions for UE-DES were determined to be a choline chloride-oxalic acid molar ratio of 1:2, water content of 20%, ultrasonic power of 304 W, liquid–solid ratio of 20:1 mL/g, and ultrasonic temperature of 53 °C. Under these conditions, the yield of PCCP reached 26.23 ± 0.42%. The DES-4 system also demonstrated excellent reusability and stability. Both PCCP-1 and PCCP-2 are triple-helix, pyranose-type acidic polysaccharides. They show a crystalline morphology with coexisting crystalline and amorphous phases, and possess excellent thermal stability. However, their surface morphologies differ significantly. Additionally, the molecular weights of PCCP-1 and PCCP-2 are 253.31 kDa and 231.25 kDa, respectively. Both are primarily composed of fucose, arabinose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and mannose. The main chains are formed by glycosidic bonds → 6)-Glc<i>p</i>-(1 → , → 4)-Glc<i>p</i>-(1 → , → 6)-Gal<i>p</i>-(1 → , and → 3)-Gal<i>p</i>-(1 → , and contain branch points → 3,6)-Man<i>p</i>-(1 → and → 2,4)-Gal<i>p</i>-(1 → .Bioactivity assays show that PCCP-1 has significant antioxidant activity, half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of 0.15, 0.18, and 0.12 mg/mL against DPPH·, ABTS·⁺, and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. Its Fe²⁺ reduction capacity is 0.21 mg/mL, and it restores viability of H₂O₂-injured HepG2 cells to 87.56%. PCCP-2 exhibited IC₅₀ values of 0.54 and 0.48 mg/mL for <i>α</i>-amylase and <i>α</i>-glucosidase, respectively, and significantly enhanced glucose consumption and hepatic glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant cells.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides a theoretical basis for the green and efficient extraction of PCCP and its application in drug development.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00945-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric functional-coating strategy for biomass fiber-based biodegradable membranes with enhanced hydrophobicity and nutrient release for sustainable agriculture","authors":"Yuehui Liang,&nbsp;Guodong Zeng,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Zhanpeng Liang,&nbsp;Jiahui Zhang,&nbsp;Pengjun Yu,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Dongbo Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00973-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00973-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The development of biodegradable membranes with tunable nutrient release is critical for sustainable agriculture but remains challenging due to insufficient mechanical strength, poor hydrophobicity, and uncontrollable degradation behavior. Given that nutrient release occurs primarily at the soil interface while hydrophobicity is required on the air-facing side, an asymmetric functional-coating strategy is needed to reconcile these competing requirements.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We propose an asymmetric functional-coating strategy for a biomass fiber-based membrane. The air-facing side was modified with chitosan (CS) and stearic acid (SA) to enhance hydrophobicity, whereas the soil-facing side was coated with a mixture of gelatin, urea, and seaweed extract to achieve controlled nutrient release. The resulting composite membrane showed a marked increase in water contact angle from 45.8° to 125.1° and a decrease in water absorption from 220.59% to 78.59%. Meanwhile, the burst resistance index and elongation at break increased from 5.66 kPa·m²/g and 14.09% to 8.10 kPa·m²/g and 39.24%, respectively. And at 30 days, the nitrogen slow-release amount of the coating membrane reached 158.17 mg/L.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This asymmetric bilayer design overcomes key performance limitations of conventional biodegradable membranes and integrates dual functions of moisture protection and nutrient regulation. The proposed strategy provides new insights into the high-value utilization of biomass-based degradable materials and supports the sustainable development of green agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00973-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based microemulsions for enhanced anti-inflammatory effect","authors":"Kantapich Kongpol,&nbsp;Gorawit Yusakul,&nbsp;Porawan Pratumwan,&nbsp;Firdaos Wangdee,&nbsp;Laila Mankakhet,&nbsp;Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn,&nbsp;Anuchit Phanumartwiwath","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00972-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00972-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Curcuminoids (CUN), found in <i>Curcuma longa</i>, are the key bioactive components responsible for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study developed and evaluated the CUN microemulsions (ME) formulated with hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) of menthol and oleic acid as oil phase (HDES-based ME).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The ternary ME system consisted of oil, surfactant and water, with increasing water content (10–40%), reduced droplet size (&lt; 120 nm) and improved monodispersity. Most MEs suppressed nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, whereas ME8, ME13 and ME15 appeared immunologically neutral. CUN in HDES-based ME markedly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) generation, achieving nearly 80% suppression. Oxidative stress analysis revealed that LPS markedly elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared with L-NAME controls. CUN in both carriers reduced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner (0.195–12.5 µg/mL), with HDES-based ME consistently outperforming DMSO.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings demonstrate that HDES-based ME is a biocompatible carrier capable of enhancing the anti-inflammatory efficacy of CUN.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00972-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature steam treatment enhances antioxidant activity in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (G. uralensis) leaves via coordinated structural disruption and metabolic remodeling","authors":"Lan Wei,&nbsp;Yuan Sun,&nbsp;Man Zhou,&nbsp;Na Liu,&nbsp;Mu Qier,&nbsp;Jingwei Qi,&nbsp;Xiaoping An","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00944-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00944-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Oxidative stress is a major pathological factor in chronic diseases, driving the need for safe and sustainable natural antioxidants. Although <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. is widely utilized for its roots, its leaves (GL) remain underexploited despite being rich in polysaccharides and polyphenols. The dense and highly ordered cell wall structure of GL restricts the release and bioaccessibility of these bioactive constituents. This study aimed to evaluate whether a green high-temperature steam treatment could induce structural and metabolic remodeling in GL to enhance the release and antioxidant efficacy of its functional components.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Multi-scale structural analyses revealed that steam treatment significantly disrupted the cell wall, reduced crystallinity, and decreased thermal stability, resulting in a more porous leaf matrix. Monosaccharide profiling and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed selective redistribution of monosaccharides, enrichment of uronic acids and arabinose, and attenuation of hydrogen-bonding networks without destruction of the polysaccharide backbone. Untargeted metabolomics identified 637 differentially expressed metabolites, with significant remodeling of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and glycosylated compounds, indicating coordinated secondary metabolic reprogramming. Functionally, polysaccharides from high-temperature steam-treated GL (HGL) exhibited markedly enhanced antioxidant activity, including improved 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging, as well as increased reducing power. In vivo, HGL supplementation in an AAPH-induced zebrafish embryo oxidative stress model significantly improved survival and hatching rates, supported embryonic growth, normalized yolk sac utilization, and alleviated oxidative stress-related developmental issues in a dose-dependent manner.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>High-temperature steam treatment integrates structural disruption and compositional remodeling to enhance the antioxidant efficacy of GL. This approach offers a sustainable strategy for utilizing GL and emphasizes the potential of green physical processing to unlock the functional benefits of underused plant tissues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00944-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium regulation of nitrogen fixation and metabolism in soybean (Glycine max L.)","authors":"Sutong Zhao,&nbsp;Shuoshuo Shi,&nbsp;Runze Xie,&nbsp;Chao Yan,&nbsp;Xiaochen Lyu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00969-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00969-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Calcium (Ca) is pivotal for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) and the overall growth and development of legumes. However, the mechanisms by which varying Ca supply levels coordinate the homeostasis between nodular N fixation and nitrogen (N) metabolism remain poorly understood. This study conducted a two-year sand culture experiment to investigate the effects of low (Ca_0.1), optimal (Ca₁), and high (Ca₁₀) calcium regimes on soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Optimal Ca supply (1 mmol·L⁻¹, Ca₁) significantly promoted plant growth and increased grain yield by 54.5–91.0% in 2024 and 55.3–74.7% in 2025 compared to other regimes. It maximized nitrogenase activity (SNA and ARA)—with ARA being 1.63–2.51 fold higher than in stressed plants in 2025—and significantly upregulated N-metabolism enzymes (GS, GOGAT, GLS, and L-ASNase) in both leaves and nodules. Furthermore, amino acid profiling substantiated that optimal Ca improved N utilization efficiency by preventing the atypical buildup of free amino acids (FAAs) observed under Ca-stress conditions.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In summary, an optimal Ca supply maximizes soybean productivity by synergistically enhancing biological nitrogen fixation capacity and N-use efficiency. This coordination maintains carbon–nitrogen (C/N) homeostasis and improves key yield components, providing a theoretical framework for refined Ca fertilization management in soybean production.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00969-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid based biostimulants mitigate salinity-induced yield loss and modulate phytochemical composition in hydroponic flat leaf parsley (Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum)","authors":"Tilen Zamljen,&nbsp;Jerneja Jakopic,&nbsp;Mariana Cecilia Grohar","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00966-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00966-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Soil salinization is a major constraint in horticulture, reducing yield and resource-use efficiency in high-value crops. While salinity generally inhibits plant growth, it can enhance the accumulation of bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic species. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salinity and amino acid–based biostimulants on yield and phytochemical composition of hydroponically grown flat-leaf parsley (<i>Petroselinum crispum</i> var. <i>neapolitanum</i>). We hypothesized that salinity would reduce biomass while increasing phenolic and volatile compounds, and that biostimulants would mitigate yield loss under stress.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Salinity (40 mM NaCl) reduced yield nearly fivefold compared to control plants. Biostimulant application partially alleviated this effect, increasing yield by 73.3 and 54.6% relative to untreated salt-stressed plants. Salinity increased total phenolic content, particularly hydroxycinnamic acids and flavones (e.g., apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside), while decreasing chrysoeriol pentose-hexose. Volatile compounds, mainly monoterpenes, also increased under salinity, with higher levels of <i>p</i>-1,3,8-menthatriene and <i>α</i>-phellandrene. Biostimulants moderated these changes while supporting biomass recovery.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Salinity reduced yield but enhanced phenolic and volatile compound accumulation in parsley. Amino acid–based biostimulants partially mitigated yield loss while maintaining phytochemical quality, highlighting their potential for hydroponic production under saline conditions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00966-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals molecular and metabolic differences between cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive peach cultivars","authors":"Ruxuan Niu,&nbsp;Yanmei Li,&nbsp;Yiwen Zhang,&nbsp;Weicheng Wang,&nbsp;Chenbing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00949-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00949-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Low temperature is the main abiotic stress affecting the growth and development of plants in the cold region of northwest China. Gansu local varieties are highly resistant, have been naturally selected for many years, and are suitable for planting in cold areas.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, one-year-old branches of the cold-resistant peach variety ‘Ding jiaba’ (DJB) and the conventional cultivar ‘Xia cui’(XC) in the dormant period were used as experimental materials. The physiological and biochemical indexes of these varieties, as well as their transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, were comprehensively analyzed.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Physiological analysis showed that the antioxidant enzyme activity of 1-year-old DJB branches was higher than that of XC under low temperature across different dormancy periods. Analyses of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabonomics revealed key pathways in peach responding to low-temperature stress. Functional enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to starch, sucrose metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly enriched during dormancy, suggesting that these pathways are important for peach to cope with low-temperature stress during dormancy. Candidate genes, such as <i>SUS</i>, <i>CHS</i>, <i>CHI</i>, and <i>BMY</i>, may regulate the response of peach to low-temperature stress.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, these findings help clarify the molecular mechanism of cold resistance in peach and provide new insights into the regulatory network of the low-temperature stress response during peach dormancy.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00949-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization and prebiotic activity of polysaccharides from Suaeda glauca","authors":"Ruzhen Song,&nbsp;Ziyi Tang,&nbsp;Bing Liu,&nbsp;Zegang Fu,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Hongjin Bai","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00965-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00965-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Suaeda glauca</i>, an edible halophyte, is rich in bioactive polysaccharides, yet its prebiotic properties remain unclear.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, using <i>Suaeda glauca</i> as the raw material, a water-soluble polysaccharide fraction J40 with a weight-average molecular weight of 11.55 kDa was obtained through hot water extraction followed by graded ethanol precipitation. J40 is a hybrid pectin composed of HG and RG-I structural regions, supplemented by complex arabinan side chains. In vitro simulated digestion and fermentation experiments, combined with 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, revealed that during the fermentation of J40, it can reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria. By specifically enriching minor bacterial genera such as <i>Lactobacillales</i>, <i>Paraprevotella</i>, and <i>Lachnoclostridium</i>, J40 exerts a beneficial regulatory effect on the structure of the intestinal microbiota.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of <i>Suaeda glauca</i> polysaccharides as intestinal microecological modulators in the fields of functional foods and pharmaceuticals.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00965-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling fermentation quality and greenhouse gas fluxes in Morus alba L. silage: explainable machine learning uncovers the key microbial hubs","authors":"Ziyi Tie,&nbsp;Xianduo Meng,&nbsp;Cheng Chen,&nbsp;Xiyue Niu,&nbsp;Sasa Zuo,&nbsp;Chuncheng Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00962-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00962-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Morus alba</i> is a sustainable woody biomass resource for animal feed and bioenergy production. However, its efficient preservation is hindered by high moisture levels and recalcitrant lignocellulose, which often lead to poor fermentation quality and increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, we investigated an integrated strategy combining physical wilting and biochemical additives to remodel the ensiling environment and evaluated their combined effects on fermentation quality, microbial community dynamics, and GHG emissions. Furthermore, explainable machine learning was applied to decode microbial drivers.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that wilting improved dry matter retention, reduced yeast and coliform bacteria, and preserved nutrients, but increased overall GHG emissions compared to the non-wilted group. The additives enhanced lactic acid production, accelerated acidification, improved fermentation quality, and reduced GHG emissions. Moreover, the combination of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> and cellulase maintained high levels of water-soluble carbohydrates, fostering a beneficial enzyme–microbe interaction that improved fermentation quality and reduced GHG emissions. The group supplemented with <i>L. plantarum</i> and cellulase showed the highest in vitro gas production (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), whereas the group supplemented with <i>L. plantarum</i> and sucrose showed the lowest in vitro gas production (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Fungal communities with denitrifying potential were found to correlate with N₂O emissions. Explainable machine learning identified <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Pediococcus</i> as the key predictors of GHG emissions and acidification, respectively. Furthermore, network analysis revealed that low-abundance taxa, including the bacterial hub <i>Kosakonia</i> and the fungal denitrifier <i>Paramyrothecium</i>, act as critical regulators linking fermentation quality to GHG fluxes.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Collectively, this study provides insights into the microbial mechanisms governing silage dynamics, confirming that the combination of wilting and the addition of <i>L. plantarum</i> and cellulase is an effective strategy for high-quality and low-carbon preservation of <i>M. alba</i> forage. Moreover, this study highlights the critical role of microbial interactions, particularly those of low-abundance taxa, in regulating fermentation quality and GHG emissions, offering a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying silage fermentation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00962-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis Turcz. ex Herd. fruit and its activity in immune regulation and gut microbiota modulation","authors":"Dongliang Feng,&nbsp;Nan Wang,&nbsp;Yuting Hao,&nbsp;Huangmin Zhou,&nbsp;Qianru Xiang,&nbsp;Xingfen Yang,&nbsp;Qi He,&nbsp;Wenzhen Liao","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00954-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00954-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Polysaccharides from <i>Lonicera caerulea</i> L. var. <i>edulis</i> Turcz. ex Herd. Fruit (THP) have attracted considerable interest due to their potential health benefits, but the structural characteristics and immunomodulatory mechanisms of these polysaccharides remain poorly understood. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a novel polysaccharide from <i>Lonicera caerulea</i> fruit and evaluate its immunomodulatory activity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A novel polysaccharide (THP-1) was purified from hot-water extracts of <i>Lonicera caerulea</i> fruit and exhibited a number-average molecular weight of 9.17 kilodaltons. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that THP-1 was primarily composed of arabinose (84.43%), glucose (12.96%), and galactose (2.61%), with major linkages of 1-linked Ara<i>f</i>, 1,5-linked Ara<i>f</i>, 1,3,6-linked Gal<i>p</i>, and 1,4-linked Gal<i>p</i>. In cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, THP treatment significantly increased thymus and spleen indices, ameliorated histological damage in immune organs, and up-regulated the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, THP enhanced intestinal barrier integrity by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins including Claudin, Occludin, and ZO-1, and modulated gut microbiota composition by enriching <i>Firmicutes</i> and butyrate-producing bacteria (including <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> and <i>Butyricicoccaceae</i>) while reducing <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> abundance.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The newly extracted THP polysaccharide is a structurally defined bioactive polysaccharide with potent immunomodulatory effects mediated through the enhancement of cytokine production, intestinal barrier function, and beneficial gut microbiota modulation. These findings suggest that polysaccharides from <i>Lonicera caerulea</i> fruit may serve as promising dietary ingredients for improving immune function and maintaining intestinal health.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00954-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}