Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"A positively charged carbon dot complex improves the bioactivity of Isaria fumosorosea against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)","authors":"Xinyi Que,&nbsp;Fangmei Fu,&nbsp;Guorun Yang,&nbsp;Bingfu Lei,&nbsp;Shaukat Ali,&nbsp;Xingmin Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00703-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00703-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Nanomaterials compounded with entomopathogenic fungi have been proven to be effective in insect pest management. This study reports the synthesis and bioactivity of <i>Isaria fumosorosea</i>-based nanoparticles by compounding the fungus with differentially (positively or negatively) charged carbon dots. Initially, negatively charged carbon dots (N-CDs) and carbon dots (P-CDs) were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method. The N-CDs and P-CDs were then individually compounded with <i>I. fumosorosea</i> to develop N-CD@<i>I. fumosorosea</i> and P-CD<i>@I. fumosorosea</i> nanocomposites.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Characterization of the nanoparticles revealed that positively or negatively charged carbon dots were attached to <i>I. fumosorosea</i> by electrostatic bonding. Finally, the virulence of both types of nanoparticles was observed in <i>Plutella xylostella</i>. The bioassay results indicated that the highest <i>P. xylostella</i> mortality (92.7 ± 2.04%) was associated with the P-CD<i>@I. fumosorosea</i> treatment. The results of nontargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that different treatments affected the metabolism of <i>P. xylostella</i> by interfering with the riboflavin metabolism pathway by downregulating the expression of two main metabolites of the riboflavin metabolism pathway (2-5-diamino-6-pyrimidin-4-one and 7-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-ribiotin), although the extent of the expression downregulation varied among the different treatments.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, this work provides insight into the mechanism by which positively charged nanomaterials improve the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi. This work provides a new direction for the design and application of nanomaterials for insect pest management.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00703-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Bacillus sp. HSY32 and its toxin gene for potential biological control of plant parasitic nematode","authors":"Peiyu Yan,&nbsp;Shakil Ahmad,&nbsp;Zhixia Xu,&nbsp;He Jia,&nbsp;Renyue Zhang,&nbsp;Jingwen Song,&nbsp;Nazia Manzar,&nbsp;Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap,&nbsp;Wenfei Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00720-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00720-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause significant damage to crop production worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses. Conventional chemical nematicides are effective but frequently associated with environmental and health hazards. In response, biological control methods, particularly the use of microbial pesticides, have emerged as a sustainable and effective alternative. This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. HSY32, a bacterial strain with nematicidal properties, from a tropical rainforest soil sample in Hainan, China. Soil samples were screened for nematicidal activity, which led to the identification of the strain HSY32. Detailed observations using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that HSY32 forms spores and parasporal crystal structures, which are typically associated with nematicidal <i>Bacillus</i> species. Genomic analysis of HSY32 showed that its genome spans 6,711,949 base pairs and contains 7915 predicted genes, with an average GC content of 35.4%. Phylogenetic analysis, utilizing 16S rRNA sequences and average nucleotide identity (ANI), established that HSY32 is closely related to <i>Bacillus mobilis</i>, a known species within the <i>Bacillus</i> genus. Further genomic analysis using local BLAST identified several toxin genes with high similarity to known nematicidal genes, including <i>cry4Ba</i>, <i>cry50Ba</i>, <i>app6Ba</i>, <i>cry70Bb</i>, and <i>tpp36Aa</i>. To confirm the functionality of these toxin genes, they were cloned into pET-30a expression vectors and expressed in <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) cells. Among the expressed proteins, the Cry4Ba-like protein, with a molecular weight of approximately 110 kDa, was found to exhibit significant nematicidal activity in bioassays. This protein demonstrated the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of PPNs, indicating its potential as a biological control agent. The successful isolation of <i>Bacillus</i> strain HSY32 and the identification of its novel <i>Cry4-like</i> toxin gene represent a significant advancement in the field of biological control of plant parasitic nematodes. The nematicidal activity of the Cry4Ba-like protein highlights the potential of HSY32 as a source of new biopesticides. Further studies are required to enhance the production and application of these biocontrol agents in agriculture, paving the way for more sustainable and eco-friendly methods to control PPNs.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00720-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plant growth-promoting effect of an Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) extract derives from the interaction of its components and involves salicylic-, auxin- and cytokinin-signaling pathways","authors":"Maite Olaetxea,&nbsp;María Garnica,&nbsp;Javier Erro,&nbsp;Javier Sanz,&nbsp;Giovane Monreal,&nbsp;Angel M. Zamarreño,&nbsp;José M. García-Mina","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00707-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00707-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ascophyllum Nodosum&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Extracts (ANE), even at low concentrations, are reported to behave as plant growth promoters and inducers of resistance to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the mechanisms regulating ANE's actions on plant metabolism have not been fully described. This study has two main objectives: (1) to investigate the role of some of the main components of an ANE extract on the plant growth-promoting action of ANE in &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt;. To this end, experiments have been carried out studying the effect on plant growth of some of the main components of ANE at the concentration contained in the application rate of ANE extract. This study will allow us to obtain some insights about whether the ANE´s action may be ascribed to one or several of its components or derives from the ANE`s action as a whole and (2) to investigate the role of the signaling pathways regulated by salicylic acid (SA), indolacetic acid (IAA), and cytokinins (CK) in the mechanism of action behind the plant growth-promoting action of ANE. To this end, three &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt; lines affected by the action of SA were treated with ANE: two loss-of-function mutants, &lt;i&gt;pad4&lt;/i&gt; (Phytoalexin Deficient 4) and &lt;i&gt;sid2-2&lt;/i&gt; (Salicylic acid Induction Deficient), along with a transgenic line expressing a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase, &lt;i&gt;nahg&lt;/i&gt;, that prevents SA accumulation. ANE was also tested in an IAA loss-of-function mutant (&lt;i&gt;tir1&lt;/i&gt;) and two CK receptors loss-of-function mutants (&lt;i&gt;ahk2 and ahk3&lt;/i&gt;). Thus, the research advanced in the ANE´s mediated shoot growth-promoting mechanism of action through the coordinated signaling network involving SA-, CK-, and IAA-signaling pathways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results revealed that: (1) the plant growth-promoting action of ANE seems to be related to the interaction of its components rather than to the action of some of its components and (2) the &lt;i&gt;nahg&lt;/i&gt; transgenic line and the &lt;i&gt;sid2-2&lt;/i&gt; mutation, blocked the capacity of ANE to stimulate shoot growth. However, the &lt;i&gt;pad4&lt;/i&gt; mutant was stimulated by ANE. The fact that the action of ANE is impaired in &lt;i&gt;sid2-2&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;nahg&lt;/i&gt; indicates that the shoot growth-promoting effect of ANE is dependent on the SA-regulated signaling pathway. Likewise, the application of ANE to &lt;i&gt;tir1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ahk2,&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ahk3&lt;/i&gt; plant mutants also affected the ANE´s capacity to promote shoot growth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;These results indicate that the ANE`s ability to stimulate shoot growth involves the coordinated activation of salicylic acid-, cytokinin-, and auxin-signaling pathways. The results obtained in the &lt;i&gt;pad4&lt;/i&gt; mutant indicate that the ANE´s action through the SA-signaling pathways that promote shoot growth differs from those regulated by the Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1/Phytoalexin Deficient4 (EDS1/PAD4) system. Finally, the action of ANE1 promoting plant growth seems to derive from the ","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00707-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional coreid bug pheromones for efficient bioprotection against legume pests and enhanced food productivity","authors":"Hilaire Kpongbe,&nbsp;Fathiya M. Khamis,&nbsp;Xavier Cheseto,&nbsp;Hillary K. Kirwa,&nbsp;Manuele Tamò,&nbsp;Baldwyn Torto","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00711-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00711-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In Africa, food legumes such as cowpeas and beans constitute important sources of proteins for millions of rural and urban populations. However, attacks by multiple pest species can reduce yields by up to 80%. Small-holder farmers protect their crops against pests using conventional insecticides, thereby contributing to insecticide resistance and jeopardizing food safety. To date, no alternative sustainable practices are available to reduce insecticide use in the management of legume pests. This study aimed to provide a sustainable alternative to insecticide use based on semiochemicals to manage multiple legume pest species and enhance food productivity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and coupled GC-electroantennographic detection (EAD) analyses, we identified 2-methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate as the male-produced aggregation pheromone of the legume pest, <i>Clavigralla elongata</i>, a coreid bug species specific to East Africa. In multi-site field trials conducted in West Africa and East Africa, 2-methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate and its analogue, isopentyl butanoate, previously identified from the pan-tropical coreid bug, <i>C. tomentosicollis</i>, both lured multiple legume insect pest species including from the <i>Clavigralla</i> genus, the legume pod-borer <i>Maruca vitrata</i>, flower thrips <i>Megalurothrips sjostedti</i>, and whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> into traps. Additionally, both pheromones lured the <i>Clavigralla</i> natural enemy parasitoid <i>Gryon fulviventris</i> into traps. The whitefly was only captured in pheromone-baited traps in East Africa. Deployment of an optimized pheromone trapping system significantly reduced legume pests and increased natural enemy density by up to sixfold compared to farmer practice (insecticide-treatment) and control. Legume yields for pheromone and insecticide treatments were comparable, ~ 320–590% higher than untreated controls.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings establish coreid bug pheromones as effective novel multifunctional semiochemical-based tools for sustainable legume pest management and production without insecticide use.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00711-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome and miRNAome analyses uncover the regulatory role of miR6155 in trichome development of tobacco","authors":"Mengxiao Xu,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhang,&nbsp;Lijun Meng,&nbsp;Huan Su,&nbsp;Zechao Qu,&nbsp;Jiemeng Tao,&nbsp;Peng Lu,&nbsp;Deshui Liu,&nbsp;Shizhou Yu,&nbsp;Chenfeng Hua,&nbsp;Jinbang Wang,&nbsp;Peijian Cao,&nbsp;Jingjing Jin","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00718-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00718-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Glandular trichomes, which act as the first barrier against damage induced by insects and disease, can produce specialized metabolites that play important roles during plant development. However, the role played by microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate many plant physiological processes, during trichome development is not unraveled in detail.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and small RNA sequencing assessments of tobacco trichome, leaf minus trichome (leaf-trichome), and leaf tissue to improve our understanding of the miRNA mechanisms regulating trichome development. Totally, we identified 270 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 10,430 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between trichome and leaf-trichome tissues. DEM targets were mainly associated with plant hormone signal transduction, plant–pathogen interactions, and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Of these, 1233 miRNA–mRNA pairs were identified with reverse expression patterns. Next, we used dual-luciferase reporter (LUC) assays to reveal that several potential targets were significantly inhibited by corresponding miRNAs, including the transcription factors (TF) <i>NAC021</i>, <i>AP2</i>, <i>MYB36</i>, <i>WRKY6</i> and <i>TIFY10B</i>. Further analysis showed that miR6155-WRKY6 might perform vital roles in trichome development, and that overexpression of miR6155 resulted in decreased trichome density.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Taken together, these findings demonstrate that miRNAs may be involved in trichome development in tobacco, and they may advance our understanding of the regulation of trichome development mediated by miRNA and can help to improve genetic engineering of trichome regulation in plants.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00718-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive insights into pesticide residue dynamics: unraveling impact and management","authors":"B. Kariyanna,&nbsp;Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan,&nbsp;Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan,&nbsp;B. V. Subba Reddy,&nbsp;A. Krishnaiah,&nbsp;N. H. Meenakshi,&nbsp;Yeon Soo Han,&nbsp;Sengodan Karthi,&nbsp;A. K. Chakravarthy,&nbsp;Ki Beom Park","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00708-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00708-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The imperative use of pesticides for enhancing agricultural productivity has become inevitable. Unfortunately, the unregulated and indiscriminate application of these pesticides extends beyond the intended target areas, with residues persisting for months to even years. This lack of precision and information has triggered widespread pest outbreaks, posing significant health risks to both humans and other organisms due to pesticide residues in food. The presence of even trace amounts of these residues has emerged as a major impediment to international trade in food commodities. To address these challenges and align with sustainable practices, the article highlights the urgent need for controlled pesticide techniques, including organic farming, safe harvest indices, and bioremediation, which are crucial aspects of mitigating admixed micropollutants in the environment. The discussion covers the impact of pesticides on food quality, effective residue management, and the vital role of regulatory bodies. Drawing from diverse sources, the work seeks to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview and solutions to the challenges of pesticide management.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00708-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined effects of climate, soil, and rhizospheric microorganisms determine the quality and suitable production zones of Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. in China","authors":"Zhenkai Li,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Lu Feng,&nbsp;Haishan Li,&nbsp;Zhiheng Dai,&nbsp;Tianle Cheng,&nbsp;Shuying Liu,&nbsp;Ling Ma,&nbsp;Xin Luo,&nbsp;Yukun Wang,&nbsp;Li Peng,&nbsp;Hong Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00697-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00697-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Stellaria dichotoma</i> L. var. <i>lanceolata</i> Bge. (<i>S. lanceolata</i>) is a psammophytic plant endemic to the northwest region of China and has now developed into a cultivated economic crop. It is the original plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine as Yinchaihu. Recently, the lack of scientifically guided production zoning has exacerbated the arbitrary introduction and expansion of <i>S. lanceolata</i> cultivation, resulting in significant changes to its habitat and quality.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study utilizes distribution data of wild <i>S. lanceolata</i> along with data from 33 environmental factors to analyze the primary habitat factors influencing the species' distribution using the Maxent model, simulating both current and future suitable production zones. Additionally, amplicon sequencing was employed to investigate changes in rhizospheric soil microorganisms across different cultivation sites and years. Furthermore, metabolomics, near-infrared spectroscopy, and the quantification of active ingredient content were used to assess the effects of various suitable zones on <i>S. lanceolata.</i></p><h3>Results</h3><p>The migration trends of <i>S. lanceolata</i> toward the central and eastern regions of Inner Mongolia revealed that elev, bio_4, bio_13, bio_11, and S_clay are the primary ecological and soil factors influencing suitability zoning, contributing a cumulative rate of 80.5%. The rhizosphere microbial environment shifted significantly from high to medium suitability habitats. As cultivation duration increased, the diversity of fungi and bacteria and the functional genera within the rhizosphere exhibited significant changes. Notably, there were substantial alterations in metabolic processes and substance accumulation during the transition from high to medium and low suitability zones, resulting in the identification of 281 and 370 differential metabolites, respectively. Additionally, the near-infrared spectral characteristics and active ingredient content of <i>S. lanceolata</i> in high suitability zones displayed distinct specificity. In particular, the contents of total flavonoids (2.772 mg·g⁻¹), dichotomines B (0.057 mg·g⁻¹), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (0.312 mg·g⁻¹) were notably higher, with the overall quality score surpassing that of other suitable zones. </p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study revealed the key climatic, soil, and rhizosphere microbial environmental factors influencing the quality formation of <i>S. lanceolata</i> and the selection of suitable production zones, offering guidance for sustainable development and production zone planning.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00697-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking higher methane yields and digestate nitrogen availability in soil through thermal treatment of feedstocks in a two-step anaerobic digestion","authors":"Jared Onyango Nyang’au,&nbsp;Jihane El Mahdi,&nbsp;Henrik Bjarne Møller,&nbsp;Peter Sørensen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00694-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00694-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is an increasing interest in using lignocellulosic feedstocks for biogas production. Treatment of these feedstocks prior to anaerobic digestion (AD) can enhance their accessibility to microorganisms involved in the process. To improve the digestion of recalcitrant feedstocks and boost biogas yields, many biogas plants now employ two-step AD systems, extending substrate residence times. However, the combined effect of feedstock treatment and two-step AD on methane yield and fertiliser value of digestates are underexplored. This study, therefore, evaluated the effectiveness of thermal treatment (TT) of pre-digested agricultural feedstocks before a secondary AD step on the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics of digestates following application to soil. It also investigated the effects of TT on methane yields. Pre-digested feedstock (PDF) was treated at three different temperatures (70 °C, 120 °C and 180 °C) for 60 min, followed by parallel secondary AD steps using lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) and a batch test. Thermally treated feedstocks with and without a secondary AD step were applied to soil to study C and N dynamics and turnover for 2 months.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>TT at 180 °C increased ultimate CH₄ yields by 7.2%; however, it decreased the net mineral N release in soil from 42 to 34% (of N input). Adding a secondary AD step increased the net mineral N release in soil from an average of 39% to 47% (of N input), with the effect of TT levelling off. Moreover, the secondary AD step significantly reduced C mineralisation rates from an average of 37% to 26% (of C applied).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, TT at 120–180 °C can improve biogas yields of recalcitrant feedstocks, but it may lead to the formation of refractory nitrogen compounds resistant to further degradation during AD, potentially resulting in a lower N fertiliser value of digestates.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00694-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genome analysis of two peanut Ralstonia solanacearum strains with significant difference in pathogenicity reveals 16S rRNA dimethyltransferase RsmA involved in inducing immunity","authors":"Xiaodan Tan,&nbsp;Huiquan Tang,&nbsp;Dong Yang,&nbsp;Jinling Huang,&nbsp;Yushuang Wu,&nbsp;Junyi Yu,&nbsp;Jiajun Chen,&nbsp;Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Ruixue Yang,&nbsp;Xiaorong Wan,&nbsp;Yong Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00714-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00714-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bacterial wilt disease, caused by <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>, seriously threaten the quality and yield of peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.). Identification of proteins inducing host immune response in <i>R. solanacearum</i> is an important way towards exploring resistance genes in peanut. In previous study, we found that the pathogenicity was significant different between peanut <i>R. solanacearum</i> ZKRS126 and ZKRS146. In this study, comparative genomics analysis was performed to reveal the difference of the genomes between ZKRS126 and ZKRS146, as well as the function of the strain specific gene <i>rsmA</i> in triggering immunity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with ZKRS146, ZKRS126 caused less cell death in the peanut leaves and its proliferation and pathogenicity were significantly attenuated. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the genomes of ZKRS126 and ZKRS146 were composed of one chromosome, one megaplasmid and one small plasmid. The genome size of ZKRS126 (6,059,912 bp) was slightly larger than that of ZKRS146 (6,053,081 bp). Comparative genomics analysis showed that the genetic relationship between ZKRS126 and ZKRS146 was very close. In both ZKRS126 and ZKRS146, 73 Type III secretion system-secreted effectors (T3Es) were identified by retrieving the effector repertoire, respectively. The gene sequences of T3Es were identical between ZKRS126 and ZKRS146. Comparing all the coding genes between ZKRS126 and ZKRS146, 42 specific genes were identified in ZKRS126 and 43 in ZKRS146. Loss of the specific gene <i>rsmA</i> in ZKRS126 resulted in more virulence, and complementarity of <i>rsmA</i> in mutant strains recovered hypovirulence. The cAMP assay demonstrated RsmA was not a T3E. In <i>Nicotiania benthamiana</i> leaves, transient expression of <i>rsmA</i> significantly induced the up-regulated expression of marker genes in HR, PTI, SA, and JA pathways, indicating RsmA might trigger the plant immunity by activating the immune-related pathways.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study not only obtained the complete genomes of two peanut <i>R. solanacearum</i> strains, but also revealed their differences in the genome levels through comparing analysis. The function verification of RsmA provided the way for the identification of immunity elicitors, which will accelerate the breeding of bacterial wilt-resistant peanut varieties in the future.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00714-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two chemosensory proteins in Aleurocanthus spiniferus are involved in the recognition of host VOCs","authors":"Zhifei Jia,&nbsp;Zhenxiang Li,&nbsp;Dandan Li,&nbsp;Zhiwei Kang,&nbsp;Yongyu Xu,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00700-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00700-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>CSPs are known for their complex and arguably obscure function(s), particularly in chemical olfaction. It is unclear which CSPs in <i>Aleurocanthus spiniferus</i> are involved in the identification of host VOCs. This study on <i>A. spiniferus</i> utilized gene expression, ligand binding, RNAi and molecular docking to determine the CSPs involved in the binding and transport of six host VOCs.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Four (AspiCSP7, 9, 12 and 16) of the 12 CSPs underwent transcriptional up- or down-regulation after induction by host VOCs. AspiCSP16 can bind to six VOCs, and AspiCSP7 can bind to five except linalool. <i>dsAspiCSP7</i>-treated adults showed significantly lower tendency to 3-carene, hexanol, (<i>E</i>)-2-hexenal, and lost avoidance of (<i>Z</i>)-3-hexenol; the preference for 3-carene, hexanol, and the avoidance of nonanal and (<i>Z</i>)-3-hexenol were reduced when <i>AspiCSP16</i> was knocked down. Although it is difficult to convince the results on EAG after silencing 63% of <i>AspiCSP7</i> and <i>AspiCSP16</i>. <i>dsAspiCSP7</i> and <i>dsAspiCSP16</i> treatments reduced the electrophysiological (EAG) response to attractive (3-carene and hexanol), and repellent chemicals [nonanal and (<i>Z</i>)-3-hexenol], which demonstrated the behavioral results. Molecular docking indicated that critical hydrophobic residues, LYS-95 and ILE-59, might be involved in the binding of AspiCSP7 and AspiCSP16 to six host VOCs, respectively.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>AspiCSP7 and AspiCSP16 are involved in the recognition of host VOCs, including four attractants [(<i>E</i>)-2-hexenal, linalool, 3-carene, hexanol] and two repellents [nonanal and (<i>Z</i>)-3-hexenol]. This study will deepen the understanding of the olfactory mechanisms of host VOCs recognition by <i>A. spiniferus</i> and will support the development of novel compounds and RNA pesticides for controlling pests.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00700-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}