Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Physicochemical characterization and immune activity of water-extract polysaccharides by stepwise ethanol precipitation from wild Cordyceps sinensis","authors":"Yong Li,&nbsp;Xingmao Yang,&nbsp;Wenjing Yang,&nbsp;Zhiying Bian,&nbsp;Jiawei Fang,&nbsp;Anhui Zhao,&nbsp;Xiuwen Bao,&nbsp;Shuqi Niu,&nbsp;Jing Bai,&nbsp;Yongjun Zheng,&nbsp;Sijing Liu,&nbsp;Jinlin Guo","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00866-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00866-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> is widely utilized in China as an edible and medicinal fungus for the treatment of immunodeficiency-related disorders. Evidence suggests that polysaccharides are the principal bioactive components responsible for its immunostimulatory effects. However, the physicochemical properties, bioactivities, and structure–function relationships of these polysaccharides remain inadequately elucidated. In this study, four distinct crude polysaccharides from wild <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> (WCP) were isolated using stepwise ethanol precipitation at final concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% (v/v). These fractions were designated as WCP-20, WCP-40, WCP-60, and WCP-80, respectively. Results demonstrated that the molecular weight (MW) of WCP decreased as the ethanol concentration increased. High-MW fractions (WCP-20/-40) exhibited high glucose content, a partially triple-helical structure, levorotation (−), and greater thermal stability. In contrast, the low-MW fractions (WCP-60/-80) were enriched in galactose and mannose, exhibited a higher branching density, and dextrorotation ( +). Furthermore, this study revealed that WCPs activated macrophages by enhancing phagocytosis and stimulating the secretion of nitric oxide and interleukin-1 beta. These immunostimulatory effects were mediated through the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Specifically, WCP-20 triggered macrophage activation via the ERK/JNK/p65 pathway, with P38/ERK/JNK pathway for WCP-40, P38/ERK/JNK/p65 pathway for WCP-60, and JNK/p65 pathway for WCP-80. Correlation analysis revealed that the immunostimulatory effects of WCPs were closely linked to their monosaccharide composition and secondary structures. These findings established that the physicochemical properties of WCP were critical determinants of precise immune modulation. This study provided a foundational reference for developing precision polysaccharide-based immune-enhancing nutraceuticals.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00866-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus altitudinis and Bacillus cereus strains improve soil fertility, nutrient acquisition, biomass production, and yield of wheat grown on calcareous soil","authors":"Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz,&nbsp;Rahila Aslam,&nbsp;Lingling Li,&nbsp;Shazmina Ghafoor,&nbsp;Shahbaz Khan,&nbsp;Abbas Muhammad Fahim,&nbsp;Waleed A. A. Alsakkaf,&nbsp;Hayssam M. Ali","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00854-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00854-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mineral-dissolving rhizobacteria are considered ecological friendly rhizonutrifying agents capable of promoting rhizospheric enzymatic activities, microbial biomass, and nutrient availability even under nutrient-deficient alkaline soil conditions. However, comprehensive studies on their effectiveness in calcareous soil are lacking. The current study hypothesized that beneficial rhizobacteria improve soil biochemical properties in calcareous soil through their impact on enzymatic activities, microbial biomass, and nutrient availability in the rhizosphere.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Rhizobacterial strains were isolated from wheat rhizosphere and characterized in vitro for their mineral solubilization potential, production of beneficial metabolites, and various enzymatic activities. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sole and co-inoculation treatments on wheat growth, grain attributes, nutrient availability in soil and absorption in plants, soil enzymatic activities, and microbial biomass accumulation in wheat rhizosphere under calcareous soil conditions.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The most effective mineral-dissolving rhizobacteria were identified as <i>Bacillus altitudinis</i> (strains SAM1, SAM7, SAM13, and SAM15) and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (strain SAM9) through 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing. These strains demonstrated the dissolution of insoluble tricalcium phosphate, mica, zinc oxide, and manganese oxide, and promoted nutrient availability in the soil by producing organic acids. Inoculation enhanced wheat growth and grain development by promoting nutrient acquisition and stimulating rhizospheric microbial activity. Both sole and co-inoculation with rhizobacterial strains significantly increased soil enzymatic activities, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and nutrient availability in the wheat rhizosphere through organic matter decomposition. Among treatments, sole inoculation with <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> SAM9 and co-inoculation with <i>B. cereus</i> SAM9 + <i>B. altitudinis</i> SAM13 demonstrated the most dominant increase in wheat growth and grain attributes, nutrient availability in soil and absorption in plants, deposition of microbial biomass, and soil enzymatic activities.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The sole inoculation with <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> SAM9 and co-inoculation with <i>B. cereus</i> SAM9 + <i>B. altitudinis</i> SAM13 showed strong potential as bioinoculants for calcareous soils. These strains could be effectively integrated into commercial biofertilizer formulation as sustainable alternatives or supplements to chemical fertilizers, enhancing soil productivity and crop performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00854-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency-dependent maize rotation modulates fungal functions for sustainable soybean production","authors":"Ming Yuan,&nbsp;Tianshu Wang,&nbsp;Shuihong Yao,&nbsp;Dongwei Han,&nbsp;Yili Meng,&nbsp;Shuting Yu,&nbsp;Wencheng Lu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00864-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00864-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Soybean–maize rotation is an effective strategy for addressing the challenges associated with continuous soybean cropping. However, the effects of maize frequency in cropping sequences on soil fungal functions and their associations with soybean yields remain unclear. Through a 12-year field study comparing continuous soybean (CS), maize–soybean (MS), and maize–maize–soybean (MMS) systems, fungal community functions, system-specific taxa, and bacterial–fungal inter-kingdom co-occurrence patterns were analyzed.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In contrast to conventional assumptions, CS enriched symbiotic fungi and suppressed pathogens, suggesting adaptive disease resilience. Integrating maize into soybean cropping systems increased the complexity of bacterial–fungal cross-kingdom co-occurrence networks. While the MS system increased the relative abundances of plant pathogens and saprotrophs, the MMS system stabilized fungal functions and inhibited plant pathogen accumulation. The system-specific taxa identified in the CS and MMS systems included potential plant growth-promoting microbes and were associated with the relative abundances of pathogens and saprotrophic fungi as well as soybean yield. This relationship may represent a critical link between fungal function and soybean production.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings indicate that integrating maize into soybean rotations, especially in the MMS system, can stabilize fungal functions and mitigate pathogen accumulation, ultimately increasing soybean yield. These results underscore the importance of tailored crop rotation practices to optimize soil microbial communities for sustainable agricultural production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00864-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal activity and biochemical responses of novel natural pyrethroid derivatives from pyrethrum residues","authors":"Feng Hao,&nbsp;Lan Cai,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhou,&nbsp;Huawen Wang,&nbsp;Li Zhu,&nbsp;Chengyao Wang,&nbsp;Miao Xia,&nbsp;Shuhui Dong,&nbsp;Jiting Li,&nbsp;Kexin Liu,&nbsp;Qijun Jiang,&nbsp;Xueqiong Yang,&nbsp;Le Cai","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00867-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00867-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Plant-derived substances have long been valued as eco-friendly pesticides, with pyrethrum flowers recognized for their insecticidal properties since the nineteenth century. Over time, pyrethrum extracts became widely adopted as a natural, effective, and relatively safe green pesticide. However, the high production costs of these natural compounds prompted the development of synthetic pyrethroids, such as cypermethrin, which dominate the market today. While these synthetic alternatives offer effectiveness in pest control, they also present environmental concerns, such as pest resistance and toxicity to aquatic organisms. This has led some countries to continue using natural pyrethrins, resulting in large amounts of pyrethrum residue waste.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In response to the need for sustainable solutions, we focused on repurposing these residues by isolating and evaluating 11 pyrethroid-related compounds. Among them, pyrethrindreg II, first isolated from natural sources, exhibited the highest insecticidal activity. Morphological observation and molecular docking revealed that pyrethrindreg II acts as a promising voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) inhibitor. The quantification of esterase-<i>β</i>, esterase-<i>α</i>, and GST concentrations explains the biochemical responses of pyrethrindreg II in <i>Armigeres subalbatus</i>. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide insight into its relatively weaker activity compared to the positive control, cypermethrin.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Pyrethrindreg II exhibited significantly lower toxicity, indicating its potential as a safer, greener alternative to synthetic pyrethroids.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00867-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission electron microscopy indicates supramolecular transformations over time of soil humic acids and their electrophoretic fractions","authors":"Olga Trubetskaya,&nbsp;Olga Selivanova,&nbsp;Vadim Rogachevsky,&nbsp;Oleg Trubetskoj","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00820-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00820-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The influence of various environmental factors on the formation of different morphological forms of soil organic matter has been extensively studied, but there is still uncertainty about how time spent in solution affects the evolution and possible transformation of the morphological structures of soil humic substances.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with negative contrast staining by uranyl acetate was used to study morphological differences between soil humic acids (HAs) and their individual electrophoretic fractions before and after 150 days of incubation in the same solution under constant environmental conditions.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>For the first time, it was found that during 150 days of incubation in constant environmental conditions, soil humic samples can aggregate by two fundamentally different ways, forming vesicle-like or ribbon-flat/sheet-like supramolecular morphological structures.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The types of morphological supramolecular structures observed using TEM were found to be related to different chemical compositions and physical–chemical properties of soil humic substances. These data could be relevant to better understanding the overall makeup of soil HAs, their structural organization, and various ecological and biogeochemical functions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><img></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00820-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolite detection via QTOF-LCMS and computational analysis on Russelia equisetiformis exploring green nanotechnology and antifungal against phytopathogens","authors":"Reham M. Aldahasi,&nbsp;Sahar S. Alghamdi,&nbsp;Nouf Albulushi,&nbsp;Hanin Alhuraibi,&nbsp;Rasha Saad Suliman,&nbsp;Arwa Alsubait,&nbsp;Amirah S. Alahmari,&nbsp;Afrah E. Mohammed","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00850-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00850-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study explores <i>Russelia equisetiformis</i> as a sustainable source for the green synthesis of antifungal nanomaterials. In response to increasing phytopathogenic fungi and environmental issues, it focuses on the fabrication of manganese nanoparticles (MnONPs), nitrogen-doped carbon dots (<i>N</i>-CDs), and their nanocomposite (MnO NPs@N-CDs) using <i>R. equisetiformis</i> extract.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, DLS, TEM, and EDX to confirm nanoparticle formation. Their antifungal effectiveness was evaluated against <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium equiseti</i>, and <i>Fusarium venenatum</i>. Additionally, bioactive metabolites were identified via LC–QTOF-MS, and their antifungal activity, pharmacokinetic profiles, and toxicity levels were assessed through computational tools.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Nanomaterials produced from <i>R. equisetiformis</i> extract significantly reduced fungal growth, highlighting their potential as eco-friendly solutions for plant disease control. Most metabolites exhibited favorable safety profiles with minimal predicted cardiotoxicity and mutagenicity, indicating their promise as safe fungicides.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><i>R. equisetiformis</i> provides compounds with effective antifungal activity and low toxicity, offering a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical fungicides for sustainable plant disease management. Further research is essential to expand their application in agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00850-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutualistic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes as an insecticidal agent for sustainable agriculture","authors":"Chunli Liao,&nbsp;Shijie Zhang,&nbsp;Taotao Fu,&nbsp;Xinshuo Jin,&nbsp;Wenwen Xu,&nbsp;Dongxiao Liu,&nbsp;Huamin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiming Liu,&nbsp;Xiaobo Liu,&nbsp;Tao Zhu,&nbsp;Lianzhe Wang,&nbsp;Taotao Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00862-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00862-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) belonging to the genera <i>Heterorhabditis</i> and <i>Steinernema</i> are mutualistically associated with bacteria in the genera <i>Photorhabdus</i> and <i>Xenorhabdus</i>. The complexes of EPNs and their bacterial symbionts infect and kill a wide range of soil-dwelling insects that are harmful to crops. Given this advantage, these complexes have been primarily developed as a biocontrol agent to replace chemical pesticides on crops when society calls for healthy agriculture. This review examined recent advances in mutualistic bacteria of EPNs, secondary metabolites, and the mechanisms underpinning the interactions between mutualistic bacteria and insect hosts, as well as their potential application as a biocontrol agent. Based on this, new insights were provided to address the current issues that restrict the exploration of such biological agents, informing future research and guiding the development of biocontrol strategies for sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00862-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) transcription factor StbZIP1 in regulating saline-alkaline stress response through enhanced antioxidant capacity","authors":"Shujuan Jiao,&nbsp;Xiongliang Hu,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Ruyan Zhang,&nbsp;Xingxing Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Lu,&nbsp;Weina Zhang,&nbsp;Yuhui Liu,&nbsp;Shuhao Qin,&nbsp;Yichen Kang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00861-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00861-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Saline-alkali stress severely impacts global crop productivity, while basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) are known regulators of abiotic stress responses, the specific mechanisms of <i>StbZIP1</i> in potato saline-alkaline tolerance remains unclear.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We cloned <i>StbZIP1</i> from tetraploid potato ‘Favorita’, analyzed its sequence characteristics, and generated overexpression lines. <i>StbZIP1</i>-overexpressing (OE) and wild-type (WT) plants were subjected to saline-alkaline stress (NaCl: NaHCO₃ = 1:1) to assess physiological and molecular responses.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>StbZIP1 encodes a 16.61 kDa protein with conserved bZIP domains. Secondary structure prediction revealed that the protein comprises 55.48% α-helix and 44.52% random coil, consistent with the structural characteristics of typical bZIP family features. Physicochemical characterization revealed StbZIP1 was a highly hydrophilic protein (GRAVY index: −0.882) with no transmembrane region, and it harbors 27 predicted phosphorylation sites. Subcellular localization analysis using GFP-tagged StbZIP1 via confocal microscopy confirmed its exclusive nuclear localization, classifying it as a nuclear-targeted transcription factor. Under saline-alkaline stress, WT plants displayed severe wilting and complete desiccation of lower leaves, whereas <i>StbZIP1</i>-OE plants exhibited delayed wilting, no death and retained greener apical leaves. Quantitative analysis revealed that <i>StbZIP1</i>-OE plants showed a 33%–50% increase in chlorophyll content compared to WT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Notably, <i>StbZIP1</i>-OE plants exhibited a more pronounced increase in Pro content (28% ~ 46%) higher than WT, while their MDA content was significantly reduced compared to WT. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and APX) were markedly elevated in <i>StbZIP1</i>-OE plants, showing increases of 81% ~ 100%, 81% ~ 104%, and 20% ~ 43%, respectively, relative to WT. Analysis of stress-related gene expression showed that after 12 d of saline-alkaline stress, the OE plants exhibited significantly increased expression of all six genes (<i>StNCED</i>, <i>StRD29B</i>, <i>StABI5</i>, <i>StP5CS</i>, <i>StSOD</i>, and <i>StCAT</i>) compared with WT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><i>StbZIP1</i> positively regulates saline-alkaline tolerance by enhancing antioxidant capacity, providing a reference for the further cultivation of new stress-resistant potatoes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00861-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic anti-photoaging and anti-inflammatory effects of Eucommia ulmoides, Styphnolobium japonicum, and Portulaca oleracea extracts via TGF-β/Smad/IL-17 pathway","authors":"Fangli Zhu,&nbsp;Liping Qu,&nbsp;Rui Xu,&nbsp;Yonglei Yuan,&nbsp;Shuhong Zhang,&nbsp;Yueyue Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00856-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00856-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Eucommia ulmoides&lt;/i&gt; Oliv. (PE), &lt;i&gt;Styphnolobium japonicum&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Schott (PS) and &lt;i&gt;Portulaca oleracea&lt;/i&gt; L. (PP) are well-characterized medicinal botanicals with established therapeutic profiles. PE exhibits anti-psoriatic and anti-aging properties through bioactive constituents, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo research. PS flowers contain sophoricoside, a validated modulator of atopic dermatitis pathways, while PP displays broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Given their complementary mechanisms and the limited efficacy of single-agent approaches against UVB-driven oxidative stress/inflammation, we hypothesized that a tripartite extract (ESP: PE/PS/PP) would demonstrate synergistic photoprotection. This study evaluated the efficacy of ESP through integrated experimental cell models, a murine model of acute UVB-induced photoaging, and transcriptome analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;ESP extracts demonstrated synergistic antioxidant and photoprotective activities through multi-target mechanisms, effectively attenuating UVB-induced photoaging in vitro and in vivo. LC-QTOF-MS analysis identified major bioactive components comprising organic acids, polysaccharides, iridoids, and flavonoids. In a paracrine signaling model using conditioned medium from UVB-exposed HaCaT cells to stimulate HFF cells, ESP significantly inhibited UVB-induced secretion of inflammatory mediators (PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6). Transcriptome sequencing coupled with RT-qPCR validation revealed that ESP attenuated photoaging via the IL-17 signaling pathway, downregulating key mediators including matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1/3/13), chemokines (CXCL3/8, CCL7), and colony-stimulating factors (CSF2/3). Furthermore, ESP reduced mitochondrial ROS generation, stabilized membrane potential, activated the TGF-β/Smad pathway, and upregulated COL1A1 and COL3A1 expression. Significantly, in a murine model of acute UVB-induced photoaging, ESP treatment produced dose-dependent restoration of UVB-damaged skin. It markedly attenuated epidermal hyperplasia, and increased collagen density. Concurrently, it improved skin elasticity and barrier function (TEWL), while suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17) and MMP3 expression, and upregulating collagen genes (COL1A1, COL3A1). These findings demonstrated that ESP inhibits photoaging through four integrated pathways: (1) attenuating inflammatory cytokines, (2) scavenging ROS, (3) enhancing collagen synthesis, and (4) restoring structural and functional integrity to the skin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our data established ESP as a potent anti-photoaging agent that protects against UVB-induced damage via coordinated modulation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway and IL-17 signaling. Its dose-dependent efficacy, demonstrated through effective ROS scavenging, enhanced collagen synthesis, and significant anti-inflammatory activity, validates ESP as a novel, multi-target strategy agai","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00856-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid and sensitive detection of melamine in milk: a novel methodological approach","authors":"Wenliang Qi,&nbsp;Qingqing Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00863-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00863-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The detection of melamine in milk has consistently been a crucial issue in food safety. Near-infrared spectroscopy is widely used for rapid, non-destructive quantitative analysis and adulteration detection in dairy products, as evidenced by its application in detecting components, such as moisture, fat, and protein, and identifying adulterants, such as water and starch. Despite advancements in qualitative and quantitative models using near-infrared spectroscopy for melamine detection in milk, such as those employing discriminant analysis and partial least squares methods, the technique still faces challenges due to its inherent low sensitivity and high detection limits. This paper proposes a novel method for the detection of melamine in milk based on surface-enhanced near-infrared absorption (SENIRA) spectroscopy with gold nanoparticles. Gold nanospheres were successfully fabricated as substrates for enhancing near-infrared spectroscopy signals, leveraging their unique quantum confinement effects and interactions with light. Utilizing a wavelength range of 900 ~ 1700 nm and various chemometric methods, the concentration of melamine in milk, ranging from 0.0001 to 0.1 mg/mL, was quantified. The modelling effects were found to be favourable, with a calibration correlation coefficient (R_c²) of 0.9853, a prediction correlation coefficient (R_p²) of 0.9837, and a root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.0059, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.0066, the relative prediction deviation (RPD) was 5.3940, and the average recovery rate was calculated to be 117%. The combination of a high correlation coefficient a low prediction error, a high RPD value, and acceptable recovery rates suggests that the established model is robust and has competent predictive performance. Furthermore, experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of using SENIRA in conjunction with chemometrics for the determination of melamine content in milk, a process that aligns with the successful application of HPLC and NIR spectroscopy techniques as detailed in recent studies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00863-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}