Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Exogenous proline regulates pectin demethylation by rescuing pectin methylesterase functioning of cell wall from Cr(VI) toxicity in rice plants","authors":"Abid Ullah,&nbsp;Yu-Juan Lin,&nbsp;Peng Tian,&nbsp;Xiao-Zhang Yu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00603-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00603-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Plants are equipped with several sophisticated mechanisms to deal with heavy metals (HMs) toxicity. Cell walls, which are rich in pectin, are important in the sequestration and compartmentalization of HMs. Pectin demethylation is carried out by pectin methylesterase (PME), which is a crucial activity in cell walls for the adsorption of HMs. This study focused on the factors that contribute to chromium (Cr) adsorption in rice plants exposed to Cr(VI) treatments without proline (Pro) “Cr(VI)” and with Pro “Pro + Cr(VI)” application.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results exhibited that when rice plants were treated with Cr(VI), their PME activity decreased, because Cr(VI) was bound to certain isoforms of PME and prevented the demethylation of pectin. The application of Pro increased PME activity by promoting the transcription of several PME-related genes. These genes were recognized on the basis of their similarity with PME genes in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Gene expression variation factors (<i>GEVFs</i>) between the “Cr(VI)” and “Pro + Cr(VI)” treatments revealed that <i>OsPME7</i> and <i>OsPME9</i> have the highest positive <i>GEVF</i> values than other <i>OsPME</i> genes of rice. In addition, Pro application increased pectin content significantly in rice plants exposed to Cr(VI) stress. Proline application also leads to an increased concentration of Cr in rice roots compared with “Cr(VI)” treatments alone.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that Pro increased Cr(VI) adsorption in cell walls of rice plants by enhancing the PME activity and pectin content when exposed to “Cr(VI)” treatments, mainly regulated by <i>OsPME7</i> and <i>OsPME9</i>.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00603-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass yield and metal phytoextraction efficiency of Salix and Populus clones harvested at different rotation lengths in the field experiment","authors":"Nikola Prouzová,&nbsp;Pavla Kubátová,&nbsp;Filip Mercl,&nbsp;Jiřina Száková,&nbsp;Jana Najmanová,&nbsp;Pavel Tlustoš","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00600-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00600-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Phytoextraction belongs to environmentally well-accepted remediation technologies to remove metals from contaminated soils. Due to long-time requirement, sufficient data for proper phytoextraction evaluation are missing. Four clones of fast-growing trees: two willow species (S1), <i>Salix viminalis</i> L. (<i>Salix schwerinii</i> E.L.Wolf × <i>S. viminalis</i>) × <i>S. viminalis</i>) and (S2)—<i>Salix smithiana</i> (<i>Salix</i> × <i>smithiana</i> Willd.), and two poplar clones (P1), <i>Populus</i> Max-4 (<i>Populus nigra</i> L. × <i>Populus maximowiczii</i> A. Henry) and (P2) Wolterson (<i>P. nigra</i> L.) were cultivated under field conditions at medium-to-high Cd and Pb, and low Zn soil contamination to assess trees’ long-term ability of biomass production and removal of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The biomass yield and PTE uptake were measured during 8 years of regular growth under three rotation lengths: four harvests following 2-year periods (4 × 2y), two harvests in 4-year periods (2 × 4y), and one harvest representing 8 years of growth (1 × 8y).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In most cases, the highest annual dry biomass yield was achieved with a 2 × 4y rotation (P1 = 20.9 t ha⁻¹ y⁻¹, S2 = 18.4 t ha⁻¹y⁻¹), and the yield decreased in order 2 × 4y &gt; 1 × 8y &gt; 4 × 2y of harvesting periods. Only clone S1 showed a different pattern. The differences in biomass yield substantially affected the PTE phytoextraction. The greatest amount of Cd and Zn was removed by willow S2, with the highest biomass yield, and the strongest ability to accumulate PTEs. With 2 × 4y rotation, S2 removed a substantial amount of Cd (9.07%) and Zn (3.43%) from the topsoil horizon (0–20 cm) and 5.62% Cd and 2.04% Zn from horizon 20–40 cm; phytoextraction rate was slightly lower for 1 × 8y rotation. The poplar P1 removed the most Pb in the 1 × 8y rotation, but the overall Pb phytoextraction was negligible. The results indicated that lignin and cellulose contents increased, and hemicellulose content decreased with increased concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in poplars wood.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The data confirmed that phytoextraction over longer harvest periods offered promising results for removing Cd from medium- to high-level contaminated soils; however, the ability of Pb removal was extremely low. The longer harvest period should be more economically feasible.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00600-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an organophosphate and carbamate pesticide test kit by using a magnetic particle coated with esterase enzyme from honey bee heads","authors":"Udomsap Jaitham,&nbsp;Sawaeng Kawichai,&nbsp;Sumed Yadoung,&nbsp;Phannika Tongchai,&nbsp;Peerapong Jeeno,&nbsp;Pichamon Yana,&nbsp;Bajaree Chuttong,&nbsp;Khanchai Danmek,&nbsp;Surat Hongsibsong","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00595-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00595-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates (CMs) play a vital role in Thai agriculture, public health, and pest control. However, their detection presents challenges due to expensive methods requiring specialized expertise. Addressing this gap, our study introduces an innovative, cost-effective method for detecting OPs and CMs in Thailand. We utilized the test kit by using magnetic particles coated with esterase enzymes from honey bee heads combined with a colorimetric approach. The developed test kit shows low limits of detection (LODs) at 0.001 mg/L of dichlorvos (OPs) and 0.004 mg/L for carbaryl (CMs). The efficiency of the developed test kits in comparison with the standard technique of gas chromatography with flame photometry detection (GC-FPD) shows a comparable result in fruit and vegetable residue analysis. This developed test kit proposes a cost-effective OPs and CMs analysis test kit for Thailand, promising expense reduction and simplified verification processes. Its applicability to fruits and vegetables signifies practicality in agriculture, marking a significant advancement in accessible and efficient pesticide residue monitoring. Despite challenges in pesticide use, our method holds promise for improving safety and efficiency in Thai pesticide management.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00595-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in intestinal microbiota, immunity and metabolism caused by mixed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis-fermented feed in Bamei pigs","authors":"Lei Wang,&nbsp;Jun Chen,&nbsp;Jianbo Zhang,&nbsp;Fafang Xu,&nbsp;Xuan Luo,&nbsp;Huili Pang,&nbsp;Miao Zhang,&nbsp;Yaoke Duan,&nbsp;Yimin Cai,&nbsp;Guofang Wu,&nbsp;Zhongfang Tan","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00593-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00593-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The Chinese pig breed Bamei faces numerous challenges, such as antibiotic abuse, feed shortages, weaning stress, low immunity and disease resistance after weaning. Probiotic-fermented feed is an ideal profile that can improve the intestinal microbiota, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and improve immunity. However, the combined effect of long-term intake of probiotic-fermented feeds on the intestinal microbiota, intestinal metabolic profiles, and immunity in pigs is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of feeding basal feed, <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i>-fermented feed, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>-fermented feed, mixed-fermented feed, and antibiotic-added feed for 100 days on the gut microbiota, immunity, and metabolism of Bamei pigs after feeding five different fermented feeds by using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and untargeted metabolomics, respectively.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>16S rDNA sequencing revealed that after the piglets were fed five different feeds for 50 days, the structure of the intestinal microbiota of the Bamei pigs was significantly altered, and feeding the mixed <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> (L.) <i>plantarum</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> (B.) <i>subtilis</i>-fermented feed not only increased the α-diversity of the intestinal microbiota and the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i>, but also suppressed the growth of the conditional pathogens, <i>Clostridium</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i>. The Sobs and Shannon indices were significantly lower (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) on Day 10 in Group A, which was fed feed supplemented with antibiotics. Feeding mixed-fermented feed not only significantly increased the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, but also significantly decreased the production of several proinflammatory cytokines and inhibited the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory-related signaling pathway (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), even more so than antibiotics. The results of untargeted metabolomics showed that feeding mixed-fermented feed improved the metabolism of Bamei pigs by increasing the content of narceine and alpha-cephalin; promoting bile secretion; and facilitating the synthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and steroid hormones. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were significantly enriched in the antibiotic group.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The mixed <i>L</i>. <i>plantarum</i> QP28-1a and <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> QB8a-fermented feed not only improved the intestinal microbiota structure and metabolic profiles and regulated the metabolic pathways of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and steroid hormone biosynthesis, but also improved the immunity of Bamei pigs. This research provides an ideal, healthful, and environmentally sustainable approach for Bamei pig breeding and conservation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00593-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of nanomaterials (NMs) as diagnostic tools and disease resistance for crop pathogens","authors":"Muhammad Jabran,&nbsp;Muhammad Amjad Ali,&nbsp;Saima Muzammil,&nbsp;Adil Zahoor,&nbsp;Faizan Ali,&nbsp;Sarfaraz Hussain,&nbsp;Ghulam Muhae-Ud-Din,&nbsp;Munazza Ijaz,&nbsp;Li Gao","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00592-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00592-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food crops are attacked by microbial pathogens and insect pests, leading to significant yield reductions and economic losses. Conventional disease diagnosis and management approaches often fail to provide rapid and eco-friendly solutions. In the current situation, nanomaterials (NMs) serve a valuable role in both managing emerging pathogens and monitoring overall plant health. Nanotechnology has transformed the biotechnology industry including agriculture with specific applications such as nano-fungicides, nano-bactericides, and nano-pesticides. This review focuses on the use of various nanomaterials, including inorganic materials such as Ag, ZnO, CuO, and CeO, as well as carbon-based nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, and nano-capsules. The application of NMs holds the potential to address various challenges in food security through novel applications like advanced nano-biosensors for rapid pathogen detection and targeted disease management strategies. This includes the potential to minimize reliance on chemical inputs and contribute to more sustainable agricultural practices. Nanomaterials (NMs) promise to deliver plant hormones and signaling molecules to plants, enhancing resistance inducers against major crop pathogens. NMs against newly arising pathogens through reactive oxygen generation, membrane damage, and biochemical interference are also reviewed. However, challenges regarding the stability, toxicity, and environmental impacts of NMs are discussed, along with recommendations on green synthesis and functionalization approaches. This article aims to investigate the role of nanomaterials (NMs) in managing emerging pathogens and monitoring overall crop health offering an insightful outlook for future generations. Further biosafety aspects and larger-scale validation of NM-based applications could enable their commercialization for improving global food security.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00592-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141091276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the application feasibility of thyme oil nanoemulsion coating for extending the shelf life of papaya (Carica papaya cv. Tainung No. 2) with postharvest physiology and quality parameters","authors":"Meng-Chieh Yu,&nbsp;Chih-Yao Hou,&nbsp;Jyh-Shyan Tsay,&nbsp;Hsin-Ying Chung,&nbsp;Ping-Hsiu Huang,&nbsp;Yu-Shen Liang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00598-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00598-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) is a typical climacteric fruit with a brief shelf life due to the rapid degradation of quality during post-ripening, necessitating appropriate postharvest management to address this challenge. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of thyme oil nanoemulsion (TO-NE) coating and utilize its benefits for preserving papaya. This study also investigated the physiological properties and quality changes of papaya storage at 20 ℃ and, in parallel, examined the effects of TO-NE coating to mitigate microbial infection of papaya during storage. The postharvest papaya was soaked in different concentrations (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/g) of TO-NE for coating. At the same time, the decay loss rate and effective shelf life were also evaluated. This study revealed that polygalacturonase (PG) and pectinesterase (PME) activities were inhibited during the storage of papaya treated with 0.25 mg/g TO-NE coated compared to the control group. This resulted in the preservation of the firmness of papaya fruits, in addition to a higher ascorbic acid content, delayed total soluble solids (TSS) accumulation, and total chlorophyll content (TCC) degradation, with a lagging color change for two days. The respiration rate and ethylene production were suppressed, while the 0.25 mg/g TO-NE coated group at day 14 (ethylene peak) were 63.2 mg CO₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 7.3 µL kg⁻¹ h⁻¹, lower than control. The 0.25 mg/g TO-NE coating treatment significantly reduced the decay rate for 10 days of storage, preserving their appearance and facilitating ripening. This is a viable option for extending Tainung No.2 papaya shelf life.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00598-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into fermentation with lactic acid bacteria on the flavonoids biotransformation of alfalfa silage","authors":"Yu Gao,&nbsp;Hongzhang Zhou,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Luiz Gustavo Nussio,&nbsp;Fuyu Yang,&nbsp;Kuikui Ni","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00594-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00594-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Oxidative stress is currently one of the main threats to animal health, and flavonoids in forage have good antioxidant activity. However, the impact of fermentation on flavonoids and their antioxidant activity in forage is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculation on the biological transformation of flavonoids in alfalfa silage fermentation and its relationship with antioxidant activity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with the raw materials, silage fermentation can increase the total flavonoid content of alfalfa. The addition of <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> (CP115739.1) and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (CP115741.1) can significantly increase the total flavonoid content in alfalfa silage (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The addition of lactic acid bacteria significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of alfalfa silage (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between total flavonoids and DPPH (R = 0.62, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), and a highly significant correlation between total flavonoids and FRAP (R = 0.70, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Compared with natural silage fermentation, the addition of lactic acid bacteria leads to changes in the biological transformation process of flavonoids in alfalfa. Its unique products, 3,7,4′-trioxyflavonoids, as well as acacetin and taxifolin 7-O-rhamnoside, are significantly positively correlated with antioxidant activity.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Silage fermentation contributes to the transformation of flavonoids, and inoculation with certain lactic acid bacteria can increase the content of flavonoids (including apigenin, luteolin, and other free flavonoids). It is worth noting that after fermentation, the antioxidant capacity of alfalfa is significantly improved, which may be attributed to the biotransformation of flavonoids related to acacetin, 3,7,4′-trihydroxyflavonoids, and taxifolin 7-O-rhamnoside. This study provides a potential pathway for obtaining value-added silage fermentation products by selecting specific lactic acid bacteria inoculants.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00594-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid detection of virulence-related genes by multiplex PCR in five pathogenic bacteria of mulberry bacterial wilt","authors":"Ting Yuan,&nbsp;Izhar Hyder Qazi,&nbsp;Xinpeng Huang,&nbsp;Jiping Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00583-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00583-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mulberry bacterial wilt is a devastating disease that is difficult to control and causes serious economic losses to the sericulture industry. This disease is mostly caused by a diverse group of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria including, <i>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</i>, <i>Pantoea ananatis</i>, <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> complex (<i>ECC</i>), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> species complex (<i>KpSC</i>), and <i>K. oxytoca</i> complex (<i>KoC</i>). Due to the lack of a rapid and reliable test to simultaneously detect these complex pathogens of mulberry wilt, we developed a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay to detect five virulence-related genes carried by the pathogenic bacteria of mulberry bacterial wilt disease. The primers were designed for the virulence-related genes: <i>pleD</i> (GGDF structural domain-containing protein), <i>yjfP</i> (esterase), <i>pelY</i> (peripheral pectate lyase), <i>ampD</i> (N-acetyl-anhydromuranmyl-L-alanine amidase), and <i>ripW</i> (type III effector). Overall, the developed mPCR assay showed highly specific, sensitive and reproducible detection of target pathogens. Briefly, the results showed that the mPCR was highly specific in individual reactions, and the lowest detection concentration of the five pathogenic bacteria was 1.87 × 10³ CFU/mL (DNA = 2.45 pg/μL). From 46 natural mulberry wilt samples, the mPCR detection rates of <i>P. ananatis</i>, <i>ECC</i>, <i>KpSC</i>, <i>KoC</i> and <i>R. pseudosolanacearum</i> were 8.69, 91.3, 34.7, 23.9 and 65.21%, respectively. The traditional culture media isolation methods showed comparable results. The pathogenicity test of 84 suspected pathogenic bacteria revealed that the morbidity (average morbidity level) caused by the pathogenic bacteria detected by mPCR was ≥ 65.5%, while the morbidity of the undetected pathogenic bacteria was ≤ 35.5%. Based on these results, we believe that the mPCR developed in the present study will be useful in rapid, reproducible, and sensitive detection of the pathogenic bacteria causing mulberry bacterial wilt including, <i>R. pseudosolanacearum</i>, <i>P. ananatis</i>, <i>ECC</i>, <i>KpSC</i>, and <i>KoC</i>.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00583-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and expression analysis of cellulose synthase 3 (Ces3) genes from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)","authors":"Cheng-Mei Huang,&nbsp;Kai-Chao Wu,&nbsp;Krishan K. Verma,&nbsp;Hai-Bin Luo,&nbsp;Zhi-Nian Deng,&nbsp;Guo-Ying Shi,&nbsp;Hui-Qing Cao,&nbsp;Xing-Jian Wu,&nbsp;Li-Ping Ye,&nbsp;Yuan-Wen Wei,&nbsp;Lin Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00597-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00597-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant cellulose synthase is one of the important glycosyltransferases, which catalyzes the synthesis of the paracrystalline of H-bonded-β-(1,4)-glucose chains. This study isolated the cellulose synthase 3 (<i>Ces3</i>) sequence from sugarcane (<i>Saccharum officinarum</i> L.) leaves. <i>SoCes3</i> (GenBank accession No. MG324347) has a full-length cDNA sequence of 3625 bp. It contains an open reading frame (3225 bp), encoding 1074 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 120.89 kDa and isoelectric point of 6.26. <i>SoCes3</i> protein showed high activity with other plant cellulose synthases. The recombinant protein contains plant cellulose synthase (<i>Ces</i>) protein conservative domains. In subcellular localization experiments, the fusion protein of <i>SoCes3</i> with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was specifically localized in the cell membrane. The gene expression of <i>SoCes3</i> was found in the leaf, leaf sheath, and internodes of the sugarcane stem. The highest expression level was found in the internode, especially with the highest expression level in the 5th internode and lowest in the leaves, and the gene expression level of <i>SoCes3</i> was upregulated by PP333 and not in gibberellic acid-treated plants. It was conducted in tobacco plants to understand the biotechnological potential of <i>SoCes3</i>. The contents of cellulose and lignin were increased in <i>SoCes3</i>-overexpressing tobacco. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the transgenic tobacco induced different genes associated with different biological regulatory processes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mediated plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism signaling pathways were widely induced and mostly upregulated. The transcription levels in <i>SoCes3</i>-overexpressing transgenic lines were higher than wild-type.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00597-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acids production using pineapple plant stem by optimised one-step fermentation","authors":"Pei-Hsia Chu,&nbsp;Mohd Azwan Jenol,&nbsp;Lai-Yee Phang,&nbsp;Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim,&nbsp;Purkan Purkan,&nbsp;Sofijan Hadi,&nbsp;Suraini Abd-Aziz","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00589-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00589-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The surge in global pineapple production has led to an excess of waste, demanding a sustainable approach for bioconversion. Despite its substantial volume, pineapple plant stems remain largely neglected, often discarded as on-farm waste. These stems, composed of intricate structures, necessitate a multi-step process for effective bioconversion. A promising alternative involves a single-step approach using microorganisms to combine hydrolysis and fermentation processes, yielding significant amino acid production from pineapple plant stems. This is aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 13 in reducing carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions from traditional waste disposal methods.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The utilisation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC 6051 for amino acid production demonstrated success, yielding 1.28 mg/mL of total free amino acids with a remarkable 67.13 mg/g yield. This represents a 13% increase in concentration and a 12% boost in yield compared to commercial starch. The study underscores the pivotal role of medium composition, highlighting the significance of pineapple plant stems as a substrate and other key components to enhance amino acid production.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Notably, the study achieved a substantial improvement in total amino acids production, reaching 9.57 mg/mL with a yield of 423.97 mg/g—an impressive 6.32-fold increment. This emphasises the enhanced potential of pineapple plant stems as a valuable resource for amino acid production, shedding light on the importance of optimising medium composition for maximum yield.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00589-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}