Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Purification and structural characterization of atypical dextran-type capsular exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323","authors":"Huazhi Tang,&nbsp;Zixin Ye,&nbsp;Mingsheng Chen,&nbsp;Xiaotong Yang,&nbsp;Chengcheng Song,&nbsp;Guihua Tai,&nbsp;Yifa Zhou,&nbsp;Sisi Cui,&nbsp;Liangnan Cui","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00951-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00951-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Probiotic strain <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> (<i>L. gasseri</i>) is widely used in the food industry due to its diverse bioactive activities, in which the exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a key functional component. While the secreted EPS from <i>L. gasseri</i> has been previously explored, its capsular form remains much less characterized, limiting the comprehensive understanding of EPS-derived postbiotics in this species. This study aims to isolate, purify, and structurally characterize the capsular exopolysaccharide from <i>L. gasseri</i> ATCC 33323.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A capsular exopolysaccharide, designated C-EPS_<i>L.g</i>-G, was isolated and purified from <i>L. gasseri</i> ATCC 33323. Structural characterization revealed that C-EPS_<i>L.g</i>-G (Mw 36.1 kDa) is a highly branched, atypical dextran with a branching degree of 76.9%. It consists of an α-(1→6) backbone substituted at the α-(1→2) position by monomeric glucose side chains. These side chains have a defined arrangement with an unsubstituted/sparse central core that is symmetrically flanked by dense branches. Notably, 52.4% of the side chains carry 1-phosphoglycerol modifications at the O-6 position. Additionally, minor acetyl (8.3%) and 3-hydroxypropionyl (10.5%) modifications are present in C-EPS_<i>L.g</i>-G at variable acylation sites. In 0.15 M NaCl solution, C-EPS_<i>L.g</i>-G adopts a spherical conformation characterized by a small Z-average hydrodynamic diameter (7.64 ± 0.20 nm), moderate intrinsic viscosity (11.61 ± 0.21 mL/g), and slightly negative zeta potential (– 8.71 ± 0.32 mV). Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the biosynthetic gene locus for this atypical dextran is conserved across most <i>L. gasseri</i> and <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i> species.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study reports the purification and comprehensive structural characterization of an atypical dextran-type capsular exopolysaccharide C-EPS_<i>L.g</i>-G from <i>L. gasseri</i> ATCC 33323 for the first time. Resulting structural insights provide a foundation for future functional exploration and potential applications of this atypical dextran in the food industry.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00951-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenolic compounds from Nicotiana tabacum inflorescence: optimized extraction, chemical composition, evaluation of antioxidant activity integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis","authors":"Li-feng Jin,&nbsp;Zong-yu Hu,&nbsp;Wei-guan Li,&nbsp;Zhao-peng Luo,&nbsp;Yue Yang,&nbsp;Shao-jun Fan,&nbsp;Shun Gao,&nbsp;Xue-fen Wang,&nbsp;Feng Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00952-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00952-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>) inflorescence, an agricultural by-product that remains underutilized, is an excellent source of bioactive components but has received limited research interest. This study developed an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process to optimize the recovery of phenolic compounds (PCs) from this material. The phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacities were systematically evaluated across five cultivars (YY87, ZY100, K326, HD, and CB1). The optimal UAE conditions were determined as follows: ultrasound power of 335 W, liquid-solid ratio of 51 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 45%, and extraction time of 31 min, yielding a PC content of 24.33 ± 0.54 mg GAE/g DW. The model’s reliability was confirmed by the close match between the predicted and experimental values. Considerable variations in PC content, individual phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities were found among cultivars, with K326 and HD showing the highest levels. Rutin, chlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid were strongly associated with ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, as well as reducing power. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that nine PCs targeted 71 oxidative stress-associated genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified AKT1 and TNF as central hub targets. Molecular docking confirmed stable binding interactions between these key PCs and the targets, with binding energies ≤ − 7.0 kcal/mol. These findings provide a comprehensive experimental basis for the utilization of tobacco inflorescence PCs as a prospective source of antioxidants.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00952-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance cadmium resistance and reduce translocation in maize: dependence on microplastics concentration","authors":"Yi Lin,&nbsp;Xiaoli Sun,&nbsp;Jiping Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00955-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00955-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The coexistence of microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) such as cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils represents a growing threat to crop production and food security. While arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are recognized for their ability to enhance plant metal tolerance, their role in mediating crop responses under combined contamination with MPs and Cd, especially across different MPs concentrations, remains largely unexplored. This pot study was conducted to elucidate how AMF modulate maize growth, Cd accumulation, and soil biogeochemical processes with three polyethylene (PE)-MPs levels (0, 0.5%, and 5% w/w) and two Cd treatments (0 and 20 mg kg⁻¹).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In non-inoculated plants, the addition of 5% PE-MPs significantly aggravated Cd toxicity in maize, elevating Cd translocation to shoots by 79.6% and causing severe growth suppression relative to the treatment without PE-MPs. PE-MPs also modified key soil characteristics, increasing organic matter content and pH, which promoted the transformation of Cd into less bioavailable fractions yet failed to counteract its direct phytotoxic effects. AMF inoculation markedly alleviated these stresses. Under Cd and 5% PE-MPs co‑contamination, mycorrhizal plants showed 87.5% higher shoot biomass, 39.6% greater phosphorus uptake, and 38.5% enhanced net photosynthesis compared to non‑inoculated plants. AMF reconfigured the antioxidant network by suppressing excessive SOD activity while sustaining POD-mediated H₂O₂ scavenging, thereby reducing oxidative membrane damage. AMF further promoted Cd sequestration in cell walls, and decreased the biologically active Cd pool in shoots. Additionally, AMF lowered Cd bioavailability by shifting soil bacterial community composition, particularly by restoring the abundance of <i>Pseudomonadota</i>. Notably, AMF-mediated protection was more pronounced at 0.5% than at 5% PE-MPs, revealing a concentration-dependent efficacy.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study reveals that PE-MPs modulate Cd phytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent biphasic manner, and that AMF dynamically adjust their protective strategy accordingly. At low PE-MPs dose, AMF prioritize cellular detoxification processes, while at high PE-MPs dose they shift toward rhizosphere stabilization and passive Cd immobilization. These findings establish AMF as a resilient, context-dependent bioremediation tool and provide a mechanistic framework for assessing and mitigating risks in soils co-contaminated with MPs and HMs.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00955-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting innovative microbial solutions by understanding the functional benefits of endophytic rhizobacteria on tomato growth and protection using plant phenomics","authors":"Cono Vincenzo,&nbsp;Pasquale Tripodi,&nbsp;Nadia Lombardi,&nbsp;Catello Pane","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00946-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00946-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Biological control represents a valuable tool for the sustainable management of soil-borne diseases in tomato cultivation and relies on the availability of effective microbial solutions. Digital technologies can support to the ecodesign stage by accelerating the screening and selection of high-performing microbial biocontrol agents. In this study, a collection of eleven endophytic bacteria strains recruited from the tomato root endosphere and proved to be compatible with <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. (non-target effect), was characterized for antagonistic and biofertilization/biostimulant traits, and evaluated <i>in planta</i> against two major tomato pathogens: <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lycopersici</i> and <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i>.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Plant phenomics realized using the PlantEye 500 multispectral dual scanner, was used to screen the effectiveness of microbial agents determining plant performances under both infection and healthy conditions. Multivariate analysis of 20 digitally computed phenotypic traits helped the detection of <i>Peribacillus</i> sp. C5NA and <i>Neobacillus</i> sp. TR12 as highly effective against wilt, and capable of counteracting the reduction in leaf angle surface and chlorophyll: typical tracheofusariosis symptoms. On the other hand, <i>Peribacillus</i> strains TR2 and C6 treatments caused partial phenotypic recovery in plants affected by Sclerotium rot. Interestingly, <i>Microbacterium</i> sp. TR9, appeared to be multifaceted. It showed mild multisuppressivity against both pathogens coherently with the exhibited N-acetyl-b-glucosaminidase, polysaccharide breaking and in vitro antifungal activities. In addition, it also acted as a putative biostimulant in the absence of pathogens, increasing digital biomass, plant height, and NDVI, in line with its proven strong ability to produce ammonia, fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphates, and release indoleacetic acid.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, the integration of phenomics supported the high-resolution detection of plant responses and supported the identification of multifunctional microbial strains with biocontrol and biofertilization potential for sustainable tomato production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00946-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral extracts as fermentation modulators: improvement of cigar tobacco quality via microbial and chemical reshaping","authors":"Wanrong Hu,&nbsp;Qianying Zhang,&nbsp;Wen Cai,&nbsp;Yun Jia,&nbsp;Quanwei Zhou,&nbsp;Zhongrong Jiang,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Dongliang Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00948-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00948-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The quality of cigar tobacco leaves relies heavily on fermentation optimization. Media fermentation enhances this process through exogenous functional extracts, offering targeted improvement in leaf quality. While various plant extracts have been explored, floral extracts remain underexamined despite their rich aromatic profiles and potential to regulate microbial activity. This study investigated the effects of four floral extracts (<i>Prunus mume</i>, <i>Jasminum grandiflorum</i>, <i>Osmanthus fragrans</i>, and <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> flower) as fermentation media on the chemical, microbial, and sensory properties of cigar tobacco leaves.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Chemical characterization revealed that the four floral extracts possessed distinct phenolic profiles, characterized by varying compositions of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and glycosides. As fermentation media, all four floral extracts significantly reduced total nitrogen (by up to 6.63%) and alkaloid content (by up to 9.97%), while increasing sugar levels, with <i>Osmanthus fragrans</i> extract showing the most pronounced effect (62.11% higher reducing sugar content). The extracts also promoted the accumulation of key aroma compounds, including neophytadiene and megastigmatrienones, with the <i>Prunus mume</i> group achieving 32.47% increase in total aroma content. Microbial analysis showed selective enrichment of aroma-synthesis-linked taxa, including <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Wallemia</i>, which strongly correlated with multiple aroma components. Sensory evaluation confirmed targeted improvements: <i>Prunus mume</i> extract enhanced aroma smoothness and richness, <i>Jasminum grandiflorum</i> extract notably improved sweetness and fluentness, <i>Osmanthus fragrans</i> extract effectively increased mellowness and cleanliness, while <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> flower extract performed best in aftertaste.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrates that floral extracts can act as reliable precision fermentation media by shaping microbial communities and driving desirable chemical transformations. The results provide a mechanistic basis for using floral resources to improve cigar tobacco quality and introduce a targeted, function-driven framework for developing next-generation fermentation additives.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00948-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148008621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosystem II-encoded terbuthylazine resistance in Serbian Solanum nigrum L.: evidence for a novel psbA N267K mutation coupled with enhanced cytochrome P450 activity","authors":"Soham Bhattacharya,&nbsp;Kateřina Hamouzová,&nbsp;Madhab Kumar Sen,&nbsp;Milena Simić,&nbsp;Vesna Dragicevic,&nbsp;Pijush Kanti Khanra,&nbsp;Pavlína Košnarová,&nbsp;Aniruddha Maity,&nbsp;Josef Soukup","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00939-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00939-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The intensive application of triazine herbicides, particularly terbuthylazine, has led to the evolution of PSII-inhibitor resistance in <i>Solanum nigrum</i> species in Serbian maize fields. The present study was conducted to identify the mechanisms conferring resistance to terbuthylazine herbicides in a <i>S. nigrum</i> biotype and to explore effective chemical alternatives for managing this resistance.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Dose-response studies revealed that the resistant biotype is 12 times more resistant to terbuthylazine than the susceptible biotype. In contrast, herbicides with alternative modes of action remained highly effective, indicating viable management options. However, bentazone exhibited lower efficacy than the other active ingredients tested. Prior treatment with malathion, a known inhibitor of cytochrome P450s, reduced the level of resistance to terbuthylazine in the resistant biotype. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement revealed that the R biotype maintained an F_v/F_m value close to that of the untreated control across all doses and time points. In contrast, the S biotype exhibited a steady, dose-dependent decline, with a decrease in F_v/F_m of approximately 10–15% at the field rate compared to the untreated control. No previously known mutations were detected; however, our study identified three novel mutations, including heterozygous substitutions Ala250Pro (A250P) and Asp267Lys (N267K), and one homozygous mutation, Gly256Val (G256V). Molecular docking and dynamics analyses demonstrated that among these substitutions, N267K had the strongest functional impact. This mutation disrupted terbuthylazine binding within the PSII binding pocket by eliminating key hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions, thereby reducing herbicide affinity.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Novel target gene mutation at N267K and enhanced metabolism by cytochrome P450s are likely mechanisms of resistance to terbuthylazine in <i>S. nigrum</i>. This study also established chlorophyll fluorescence measurement as a rapid and reliable method for confirming herbicide resistance in this weed species. The current findings underscore the need to avoid the use of PSII-inhibiting herbicides, particularly triazines, to prevent further increasing selection pressure. Instead, they can use alternative modes of action of herbicides for better efficacy and to reduce the risk of herbicide resistance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00939-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148008801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of plant-specific calmodulin-binding IQD proteins in tobacco identifies key regulators of drought stress responses","authors":"Yanjing Ji,&nbsp;Tietuo Tao,&nbsp;Wentao Cui,&nbsp;Runtong Hou,&nbsp;Zhican Fu,&nbsp;Jingcheng Zhang,&nbsp;Junlan Cai,&nbsp;Xiaoye Miao,&nbsp;Junyu Zhang,&nbsp;Jiemeng Tao,&nbsp;Peng Lu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00947-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00947-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Plants rely on complex signaling networks to perceive and respond to environmental stresses. Calcium ions (Ca²⁺), acting as central second messengers, have their signals decoded by sensors such as calmodulin (CaM) and relayed to downstream target proteins. IQ67-Domain (IQD) proteins are a class of plant-specific CaM-binding proteins that function as molecular scaffolds integrating calcium signals with diverse cellular processes, playing crucial roles in growth, development, and stress responses. However, the IQD gene family has not yet been systematically investigated in tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>), an important economic crop and model plant species.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, a total of 77 <i>NtIQD</i> genes were identified in the tobacco genome through genome-wide analysis. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into four subgroups, with Group IV showing species-specific expansion within Solanaceae. Analyses of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed that while maintaining the core IQ domain, the family exhibits diversity in auxiliary motifs and domains. Cis-acting element analysis of promoters indicated that all <i>NtIQD</i> genes are enriched with elements responsive to light, phytohormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, abscisic acid), and abiotic stresses. Expression profiling demonstrated that <i>NtIQD</i> genes exhibit significant tissue specificity and developmental-stage specificity, and display differentiated response patterns to various stresses such as drought, cold, and pathogen infection, suggesting functional specialization. Protein–protein interaction network predictions implicated their potential role as signaling hubs. Further experimental validation showed that <i>NtIQD1</i>, <i>NtIQD13</i>, and <i>NtIQD42</i> localize to distinct cellular compartments. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of these three genes significantly increased drought sensitivity in tobacco plants, confirming their positive regulatory roles in drought resistance.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study presents the first comprehensive genome-wide identification and analysis of the IQD gene family in tobacco. It reveals the diversity of this family in evolution, structure, and expression, and validates the key functions of <i>NtIQD1</i>, <i>NtIQD13</i>, and <i>NtIQD42</i> in drought stress response. These findings provide new insights into the decoding and transduction mechanisms of calcium signaling in Solanaceae plants and offer valuable candidate gene resources for crop genetic improvement aimed at enhancing stress resistance.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00947-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148008601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of aging process on the structural features and immunomodulatory activity of Artemisia argyi polysaccharides","authors":"Jinchu Yang,&nbsp;Yongming Xu,&nbsp;Yingjie Feng,&nbsp;Qiang Liu,&nbsp;Meng Li,&nbsp;Zongcan Yang,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Huang,&nbsp;Shuai Wan,&nbsp;Qiuling Wang,&nbsp;Xinrui Zhang,&nbsp;Zichao Wang,&nbsp;Jihong Huang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00940-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00940-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Aging can promote the transformation and accumulation of bioactive components through a natural and environmentally sustainable process. In this study, the effects of the aging process (1, 3, and 5 years) on the structural features and bioactivities of <i>Artemisia argyi</i> polysaccharides (AAPs) were compared.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Structural investigations indicated that the aging process significantly reduced the uronic acid content and molecular weights of AAPs. Meanwhile, the carbohydrate content and homogeneity of the AAPs increased, while their protein content decreased. Bioactivity analysis suggested that the aging process enhanced the in vitro antioxidant activity of AAPs against ABTS, DPPH, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, AAPs significantly stimulated the secretion of immune factors (including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with the medium-molecular-weight AAP-3 exhibiting superior immunomodulatory effects.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings suggest that AAPs hold considerable potential as antioxidant and/or immunoregulatory ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, this study provides guidance for the identification, detection, selection, and appropriate utilization of <i>A. argyi</i> and its polysaccharides. Detailed analysis of the underlying mechanisms and the structure–bioactivity relationships of AAPs will be the focus of future research.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00940-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148008589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the structural and physicochemical properties of diverse plant proteins-isomaltooligosaccharide conjugates: a focus on ultrasonic-assisted maillard reaction-driven covalent modification","authors":"Yibing Zhang,&nbsp;Xuemin Kang,&nbsp;Yue Cheng,&nbsp;Chengbin Sun,&nbsp;Zisong Li,&nbsp;Wei Gao,&nbsp;Bin Li,&nbsp;Bo Cui","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00941-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00941-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The high-value utilization of soy protein isolate (SPI), hemp seed protein (HPP) and pea protein isolate (PPI) in conjugate food systems are limited due to their inherent functional defects.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic comparison was conducted between the effects of ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction and traditional wet-heat treatment on the multiscale structure and functional properties of covalent conjugates formed between isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) and SPI (SPI-IMO), HPP (HPP-IMO) or PPI (PPI-IMO).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>According to the circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy results, the α-helix or β-turn content of SPI, HPP and PPI decreased upon glycosylation, while the content of β-sheet or random coil showed an increasing trend. Compared with the traditional wet-heat treatment, the grafting degrees of the SPI-IMO, HPP-IMO and PPI-IMO prepared assisting with ultrasound treatment increased from 15.29 ± 0.63%, 15.53 ± 0.64% and 15.62 ± 0.51% to 30.12 ± 0.44%, 30.09 ± 0.61% and 31.82 ± 0.30%, respectively, while their solubilities increased from 61.96 ± 0.55%, 25.98 ± 1.68% and 53.65 ± 1.03% to 89.9 ± 1.05%, 45.46 ± 1.72%, 84.85 ± 0.99%. And SPI-IMO conjugates showed excellent foaming properties and emulsifying properties. Although PPI-IMO conjugates exhibited a higher degree of grafting (DG) value than SPI-IMO conjugates, SPI-IMO conjugates demonstrated superior foaming and emulsifying properties, confirming that the intrinsic properties of proteins play a decisive role in functional improvement.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This research showed that ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction takes unique advantages in modifying HPP and opened up a new path for its high-value utilization.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00941-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hypsizygus marmoreus spent substrate on prevention and control potential of continuous cropping obstacle in Dictyophora indusiata cultivation","authors":"Xiaoyue Di,&nbsp;Yinghao Sun,&nbsp;Fengju Jiang,&nbsp;Jiale Feng,&nbsp;Xianai Huang,&nbsp;Dongmei Lin,&nbsp;Zhanxi Lin,&nbsp;Xiongjie Lin,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00942-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00942-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p> Continuous cropping poses a significant challenge to the sustainable cultivation of <i>Dictyophora indusiata</i>, often leading to soil degradation, microbial imbalance, and the accumulation of soil-borne pathogens, which severely compromise yield and quality. Conventional mitigation strategies, raise environmental and safety concerns. This study conducted a two-year continuous cropping cycle trial of <i>D. indusiata</i> (from 2023 to 2024) to investigate the efficacy of using fermented <i>Hypsizygus marmoreus</i> (seafood mushroom) spent substrate (SMS) as a sustainable, biocontrol-based approach to remediate soil, suppress pathogen communities, and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles affecting <i>D. indusiata.</i></p><h3>Results</h3><p> By varying SMS application timing, we assessed it effects on yield, nutritional quality, soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial community diversity. Applying SMS three months before planting (S3-24) stabilized soil pH in the second year. Soil available phosphorus increased by 87.34%, total nitrogen by 14.14%, and organic matter declined less (14.14% decrease vs. 29.95% in control). Soil microbial diversity increased within 1–2 months, with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria reaching 7.52%. Soil phenolic acids increased, especially <i>p</i>-coumaric acid (up 179.14% in S3-24). In <i>vitro</i> tests showed that at 250 mg/L phenolic acids, both <i>D. indusiata</i> mycelium and pathogens grew faster, but pathogens had a stronger growth advantage. Fruiting body weight peaked at 19.61 g per fruit in S3-24, and fresh yield reached 12,758.4 kg/hm², representing a 745.07% higher than control. Crude polysaccharide and protein increased by 32.42% and 1.60%. Phenolic acid also increased mycelial diameter to 2.4–4.8 μm, improving mycelium structure and supporting higher yield. Moderate phenolic acid levels benefit both <i>D. indusiata</i> and pathogens, but pathogens competitiveness may drive cropping obstacles. PLS-PM showed that S3-24 strengthened key pathways-from soil properties to enzyme activity (path coefficient: 16.29) and fungal communities (4.77) and the enzyme-phenolic acid-microbe cascade effect (19.58), improving coordination and stability in the soil microecological network (GoF = 0.78) and alleviating continuous cropping obstacles.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p> Appropriate use of SMS alleviate key continuous cropping obstacles, such as yield decline, soil degradation, and microbial dysbiosis, thereby enhancing both yield stability and improving quality. This approach recycled agricultural waste and offers practical solutions for future <i>D. indusiata</i> continuous cultivation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00942-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148008780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}