Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Structural characterization, antioxidant and antitumor properties of an acidic polysaccharide from toad venom","authors":"Feng Pan,&nbsp;Xinting Zhu,&nbsp;Nan Yang,&nbsp;Kunmei Li,&nbsp;Gejie Shi,&nbsp;Qinghong Kong,&nbsp;Sanhua Li,&nbsp;Ying Qing,&nbsp;Linjie Meng,&nbsp;Yun Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00842-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00842-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As a valuable agricultural product derived primarily from cultivated toads, toad venom has been widely used for its significant antitumor properties in pharmacological formulations. However, the structural and biological characteristics of its major constituents, polysaccharides, remain poorly understood, limiting the development of innovative antitumor drugs.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, an extracellular acidic homogeneous polysaccharide (TvPs3-2, average molecular mass: 3.43 × 10² kDa) is isolated from toad venom. Compositional analysis by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) pre-column derivatization high-performance liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) reveals that TvPs3-2 consists of mannose (Man), glucuronic acid (GlcA), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), and fucose (Fuc) in a molar ratio of 9.30:26.52:17.26:2.20:8.40:36.31. Comprehensive structural characterization through methylation analysis combined with extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy indicates a possible backbone: → 4)-<i>β</i><span>-D-</span>GlcA<i>p</i>-(1 → 3,6)-<i>β</i><span>-D-</span>Gal<i>p</i>-(1 → 3)-<i>α</i><span>-L-</span>Fuc<i>p</i>-(1 → 4)-<i>α</i><span>-D-</span>Man<i>p</i>-(1 → 2)-<i>β</i><span>-D-</span>Glc<i>p</i>-(1 → 2,4)-<i>α</i><span>-D-</span>Glc<i>p</i>-(1 → 4)-<i>β</i><span>-D-</span>Glc<i>p</i>-(1 → 2)-<i>α</i><span>-L-</span>Fuc<i>p</i>-(1 → 4)-<i>β</i><span>-D-</span>GlcA<i>p</i>-(1 → , with multiple branched segments. Morphologically, TvPs3-2 exhibits interconnected bulges, undulating surfaces, and square/rhombic crystals while maintaining a triple-helix conformation. Additionally, TvPs3-2 exhibits good antioxidant activity, particularly against 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) = 0.36 mg/mL), alongside moderate 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging effects. Furthermore, TvPs3-2 demonstrates notable antiproliferative effects on lung (A549), liver (SK-Hep1), and colon (HCT116 and HT-29) cancer cell lines, with the highest efficacy against SK-Hep1 hepatoma cells (IC₅₀ = 1.6 mg/mL), mediated by apoptosis induction, migration inhibition, and modulation of metabolic/oxidative stress pathways, while it demonstrates relatively low inhibitory activity against healthy H9C2(2-1) cells.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study comprehensively characterizes a novel acidic polysaccharide (TvPs3-2) from toad venom with remarkable antioxidant and antitumor activities, providing a molecular basis for its future application in anticancer drug development.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00842-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel fumigant tablet containing d-(+)-camphor and 1,8-cineole, the dominant constituents of Artemisia subg. Seriphidium, for the management of Solenopsis invicta","authors":"Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi,&nbsp;Ying Li,&nbsp;Bangwei Nong,&nbsp;Yongyue Lu,&nbsp;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00840-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00840-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The red imported fire ant, <i>Solenopsis invicta</i> Buren, 1972, is a significant invasive pest threatening public health, agriculture, and biodiversity. Our previous study revealed that <span>d</span>-(+)-Camphor and 1,8-cineole, the dominant constituents of <i>Artemisia</i> subg. <i>Seriphidium</i> exhibits promising fumigant activity against <i>S. invicta</i>. However, their rapid volatility limits their broader application, requiring innovative formulations for sustained release and environmental compatibility. To address this issue, we developed a slow-release tablet formulation that offers an eco-friendly solution for <i>S. invicta</i> management, reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. The tablet ensures controlled release with uniform volatilization, while individual constituents exhibit rapid volatilization. The morphological analysis of the fumigant tablet revealed a rough surface and granulation characteristics that facilitate uniform volatilization. The XRD and TGA analyses confirmed the crystalline structure and thermal stability of the formulation. Stability studies using GC–MS demonstrated minimal degradation over 12 months of storage in an air-tight container, with slight losses of 3.5% <span>d</span>-(+)-Camphor and 2.40% 1,8-cineole. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic peaks for both <span>d</span>-(+)-camphor and 1,8-cineole, validating their incorporation in the fumigant tablet. The toxicity evaluation indicated the tablet has significant efficacy against workers and alates, with LC₅₀ values ranging from 0.71 to 17.35 mg/L. The tablet achieved 100% mortality against workers at 0.22 g/L in 120 min, while alates required 0.29 g/L and 300 min in a substrate-free fumigation container. Furthermore, under laboratory-simulated field conditions using single ant mounds, the tablet achieved 100% mortality of all life stages of <i>S. invicta</i> at a concentration of 2.5 g/kg soil after 96 h. Our study highlights the potential of bioactive phytochemicals in sustainable pest management, paving the way for eco-friendly solutions. The findings will significantly contribute to developing a novel fumigant tablet effective against <i>S. invicta</i>, with potential applications extending to various stored grain pests, thereby fostering a more environmentally conscious approach to sustainable pest control.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00840-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale feature fusion-based semantic segmentation network for agricultural remote sensing images","authors":"Guoxun Zheng,&nbsp;Zhengang Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaoxian Zhang,&nbsp;Donghui Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00833-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00833-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the widespread application of high-resolution low-altitude remote sensing technology in agricultural monitoring, fine semantic segmentation of crop plots has become a hot research topic. However, due to the high similarity of land features in large-scale agricultural scenes and the presence of complex situations such as blurred land boundaries, achieving accurate semantic segmentation still faces significant challenges. In response to the above issues, this study proposes a hybrid architecture that combines Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformers, aiming to improve the segmentation accuracy of crop plots in complex scenes, especially in handling areas with fuzzy boundaries and similar features. This method innovatively constructs a global local attention mechanism (GPM-Attention), which generates adaptive attention regions through multi-scale convolution operations, significantly enhancing the model's ability to capture global contextual information. This mechanism not only effectively improves the overall segmentation performance, but also significantly reduces computational redundancy and model complexity by optimizing the computation path. In addition, this study constructed a lightweight edge enhancement module (EEI) as an encoder, which not only expands the local receptive field but also enhances the recognition ability of fine-grained features, effectively solving the problem of crop plot edge blurring. To further optimize the feature fusion effect, this study designed a Feature Adaptive Fusion Module (FAM), which efficiently integrates the multi-level features generated by CNN and Transformer encoders, significantly reducing the semantic information loss of small target features. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a significant performance improvement on the publicly available barley remote sensing dataset, attaining a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 80.39%, which represents an 11.33% increase over state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, the method achieves a 14.2% improvement in F1-score, further confirming its effectiveness. Compared to existing techniques, this study presents a more favorable trade-off among segmentation accuracy, computational efficiency, and model complexity, thereby offering reliable technical support for the practical deployment of low-altitude remote sensing imagery in agricultural monitoring applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00833-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, characterization, and expression profiling of α-tocopherol biosynthesis genes associated with anilofos metabolism in Oryza sativa","authors":"Xiao Lu Wang,&nbsp;Zhi Jiang He,&nbsp;Li Qing Zeng,&nbsp;Ying Yu Zeng,&nbsp;Zhi Zhong Zhou,&nbsp;Xiao Liang Liu,&nbsp;Xi Ran Cheng,&nbsp;He Chen,&nbsp;Zhao Jie Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00839-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00839-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Vitamin E, particularly <i>α</i>-tocopherol (<i>α</i>-TOC), is a chloroplast-synthesized antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting photosynthetic membranes from oxidative damage caused by environmental stressors. Its biosynthesis involves several key enzymes: hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT), tocopherol cyclase (VTE1), tocopherol methyltransferase (VTE4), and phytolkinase (VTE5). However, the expression patterns and functional roles of genes involved in <i>α</i>-TOC biosynthesis under pesticide stress remain poorly characterized.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we identified 10 <i>α</i>-TOC biosynthesis genes, including 2 <i>HPPD</i>, 1 <i>HPT</i>, 2 <i>VTE1</i>, 1 <i>VTE4</i>, and 4 <i>VTE5</i> genes, in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) genome using transcriptome datasets from plants treated with anilofos and <i>α</i>-TOC to explore their properties under pesticide stress. Phylogenetic analysis classified the <i>α</i>-TOC biosynthesis gene family into five subfamilies across rice, <i>Arabidopsis</i> (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>), soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>), wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), and maize (<i>Zea mays</i>). Chromosomal localization revealed that segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of this gene family in rice, with 10 genes distributed across 7 of its 12 chromosomes. In addition, 10 rice genes involved in <i>α</i>-TOC biosynthesis exhibited collinearity with corresponding genes in <i>Arabidopsis</i>, soybean, wheat, and maize. In silico subcellular localization prediction suggested that the proteins encoded by these 10 genes localize to multiple cellular compartments, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, plasma membrane, and endoplasmic reticulum. <i>OsHPPD</i>, <i>OsHPT</i>, <i>OsVTE1</i>, <i>OsVTE4</i>, and <i>OsVTE5</i> possess diverse gene structures, <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements, motifs, and conserved domains, suggesting their diverse functions in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that a subset of these genes was preferentially expressed under pesticide exposure. Notably, combined treatment with 250 mg/L <i>α</i>-TOC and 0.04 mg/L anilofos upregulated the expression of all 10 genes by 1.64–3.75-fold in roots and by 2.66–5.34-fold in shoots compared with anilofos-only treatment. Protein–protein interaction analysis further supported the involvement of these 10 rice <i>α</i>-TOC biosynthesis proteins in anilofos metabolism.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings indicate that <i>α</i>-TOC biosynthesis genes respond effectively to anilofos-induced stress, likely facilitating <i>α</i>-TOC production and potentially regulating pesticide degradation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00839-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus absorption by mycorrhizal extraradical hyphae accelerates plant growth and active ingredient production in Polygonum cuspidatum","authors":"Xin-Ping An,&nbsp;Ze-Zhi Zhang,&nbsp;Li-Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Hai-Dong Feng,&nbsp;Rui-Ting Sun,&nbsp;Abeer Hashem,&nbsp;Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah,&nbsp;Qiang-Sheng Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00844-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00844-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have demonstrated the capacity to increase active ingredient concentrations in industrial plants such as <i>Polygonum cuspidatum</i>, whereas it is still uncertain whether this effect is mediated by AM-facilitated nutritional absorption like phosphorus (P). In this study, a microsystem was utilized to deliver extra P to the hyphal chamber, thereby examining the impacts of hyphal P absorption on plant growth, P acquisition, phosphatase concentration, bioactive compound concentrations, and the expression of resveratrol-related genes in <i>P</i>. <i>cuspidatum</i>. The supplementation of P led to significant increases in <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> colonization rates in roots and hyphal lengths in soil. AM inoculation significantly improved plant height (34.3–84.7%) and root biomass (10.9–27.8%), particularly when P was supplied to the hyphal chamber. Compared with the uninoculated treatment, AM inoculation also distinctly elevated leaf and root P levels by 110.9–252.2% and 33.0–179.5%, respectively, aligning with an increase in soil acid, neutral, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Roots served as the primary site for resveratrol biosynthesis. Inoculation with <i>F</i>. <i>mosseae</i> increased bioactive compound concentrations in both leaves and roots to varying degrees, with the observed increase being greater when hyphae could pass through a 37 μm mesh (permitting hyphal access) into the P-supplemented hyphal chamber, as opposed to a 0.45 μm mesh (restricting hyphal access). Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants, accompanied by the up-regulated expression of <i>PcCHS1</i>, <i>PcCHS2</i>, <i>PcCRS1</i>, and <i>PcRS</i> genes. In summary, mycorrhizal extraradical hyphal nutrient absorption, especially P, has emerged as a critical mechanism in modulating both plant growth and bioactive compound production in <i>P</i>. <i>cuspidatum</i>.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00844-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proline drives cross-linking between extensins and pectin in the cell wall to combat hexavalent chromium stress in rice plants","authors":"Yu-Xi Feng,&nbsp;Ben-Tao Yao,&nbsp;Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Cheng-Zhi Li,&nbsp;Peng Tian,&nbsp;Yan-Hong Li,&nbsp;Kun Dong,&nbsp;Yu-Juan Lin","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00846-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00846-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cell wall (CW) serves as a protective barrier against toxic metals, with extensins (EXTs), proline (Pro), and hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins playing key roles. These components regulate CW synthesis and assembly and can cross-link with pectin (Pec) to reinforce the CW structure. In this study, we investigated how exogenous proline [Pro_(exo)] promotes cross-linking between EXTs and Pec in CW to mitigate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress in rice plants. Our physio-biochemical analyses revealed that Pro_(exo) significantly modulated the relative growth rate and root phenotype of the rice seedlings under Cr(VI) stress. It also influenced the synthesis of CW components, altered the structure and composition of CW macromolecules, and enhanced Cr sequestration by CWs. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that Pro_(exo) regulates the expression of <i>OsSULTR1;2</i>, thereby affecting Cr translocation between the roots and shoots of rice seedlings. This regulation alleviated the inhibitory effects of Cr(VI) stress on growth. In addition, Pro_(exo) stimulated the expression of several EXT, proline hydroxylases, and hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase genes, promoting the formation of EXT–Pec cross-links. Furthermore, Pro_(exo) activated genes involved in CW signaling pathways, enhancing the CW response to Cr(VI) stress signals, and effectively triggering adaptive strategies in rice plants. Overall, our findings provide a preliminary understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which Pro_(exo) mediates EXT–Pec cross-linking, thereby influencing the CW structure, function, and signal transduction processes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00846-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural elucidation of an Astragalus acidic polysaccharide and its anti-colon cancer activity through modulation of JNK/MAPK and NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathways","authors":"Yu Kou,&nbsp;Huizi Tang,&nbsp;Feng Gu,&nbsp;Menglin Shui,&nbsp;Suqin Liu,&nbsp;Haiyang Guo,&nbsp;Yiheng Xie,&nbsp;Chengzhi Zhu,&nbsp;Baowei Han,&nbsp;Xiao-Jun Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00843-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00843-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharide, a bioactive substance with significant immunomodulatory functions, has not yet had its specific configuration–function relationship fully elucidated. In the present study, four <i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharide fractions with different polarities were successfully obtained through DE52 anion exchange column separation technology, and their pharmacological activities were screened.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Homogeneous <i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharide was isolated and purified using DE52 polarity separation columns and gel column purification techniques. The types of glycosidic bonds in <i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharide were identified through monosaccharide composition analysis, infrared spectroscopy, molecular weight determination, and polysaccharide methylation analysis. The probable disaccharide repeating unit structure of AMPS-0.2A polysaccharide was determined to be <i>α</i>-(1,2)-<span>l</span>-Rha-<i>α</i>-(1,4)-<span>d</span>-GalA. <i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharide was found to induce the polarization of macrophages from the M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This effect was primarily mediated through the regulation of the JNK/MAPK signaling pathway and the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway, thereby promoting the polarization of M1 macrophages.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00843-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and mechanism study of functional fermentation media for reducing alkaloid content in cigar tobacco leaves","authors":"Wanrong Hu,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Jiabao Zhang,&nbsp;Quanwei Zhou,&nbsp;Zhongrong Jiang,&nbsp;Yun Jia,&nbsp;Qianying Zhang,&nbsp;Dongliang Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00847-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00847-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Elevated alkaloid levels in tobacco leaves can cause significant irritation and a pronounced bitterness. Fermentation is a well-recognized strategy to reduce alkaloid content. However, its effectiveness is influenced by the choice of fermentation media. The limited variety of available media complicates the ability to meet the specific formulation requirements of cigar products. Consequently, there is a need to develop additional media to tailor formulations that optimize fermentation outcomes.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The fermentation media developed in this study were primarily composed of compounds including chlorogenic acid, liquiritin, schaftoside, and ganoderic acid. The fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves with a medium led to a reduction in total nitrogen and alkaloid levels, while simultaneously enhancing both total sugar and reducing sugar contents. Specifically, compared to the control group, the alkaloid content in tobacco leaves treated with the medium decreased by 9.58–19.06%. Furthermore, the addition of the medium resulted in an increase in aroma compounds, while the levels of unsaturated fatty acids decreased by 7.14–24.66%. The medium also elevated the contents of characteristic aroma components, including 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionol, megastigmatrienone, β-dihydroionone, dihydroactinidiolide, and sclareolide. Additionally, the introduction of the medium altered the bacterial and fungal community structures within the cigar tobacco leaves. It also facilitated the proliferation of functional microorganisms such as <i>Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Wickerhamomyces,</i> and <i>Wallemia.</i> Correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between the enrichment of these functional microorganisms and the increased levels of aroma compounds, such as 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionol. From a sensory perspective, the incorporation of the medium reduced irritation and undesirable odors in cigar tobacco leaves, while enhancing the sweetness and richness of the aroma.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The specialized media developed in this study represent an innovative approach to optimizing cigar tobacco fermentation. This method utilizes unique raw materials and bioactive compounds to coordinate microbial activity, reduce alkaloid level, enhance aroma components, and improve sensory attributes. From an application standpoint, these media could be seamlessly integrated into cigar processing lines to enhance product quality with minimal modifications to existing equipment. The findings of this study offer novel perspectives on the reduction of alkaloid content in tobacco and the advancement of functional media.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00847-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide characterization of the β-galactosidase gene family and functional analyses reveal CaBGAL14-regulated pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit cracking","authors":"Yan-Li Liu,&nbsp;Si-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Feihong Liang,&nbsp;Saeed ul Haq,&nbsp;Zhen-Hui Gong","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00832-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00832-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fruit cracking in pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) constitutes a significant issue that affects its quality and commercial value. Our previous RNA-seq data analysis revealed that many <i>β</i>-galactosidase genes were differentially expressed between normal and cracked fruits; however, their involvement in pepper fruit cracking remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically investigate the <i>β</i>-<i>Gal</i> family genes and their functions in the pepper fruit cracking process.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we identified 17 <i>β</i>-<i>Gal</i> family genes in pepper, designated <i>CaBGAL1-17</i>, which were classified into seven subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. The expression levels of <i>CaBGALs</i> in different organs, as well as during several developmental stages and fruit cracking, were assessed via qRT-PCR. Notably, <i>CaBGAL14</i> was highly expressed in fruits exhibiting no cracking, with a 90-fold higher expression level compared to cracked fruits. Moreover, the function of <i>CaBGAL14</i> in pepper fruit cracking was verified. We performed <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing of <i>CaBGAL14</i> in the pepper cultivar ‘L92’. Compared with the control fruit, the <i>CaBGAL14</i>-silenced fruits exhibited a higher fruit cracking rate, and had a thinner cuticle and more loosely arranged epidermal layer cells. Conversely, the transient overexpression of <i>CaBGAL14</i> reduced the fruit cracking rate, resulting in a thicker cuticle, higher CDTA -Na₂ soluble pectin content, and increased <i>β</i>-Gal activity.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides a reference for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit cracking.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00832-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of StCCoAOMT gene family and analysis of resistance of StCCoAOMT1 and StCCoAOMT7 genes to drought, alkaline salt and combined stresses in potato","authors":"Yunyun Du,&nbsp;Ruyan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan Lu,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Xingxing Wang,&nbsp;Weina Zhang,&nbsp;Yichen Kang,&nbsp;Yuhui Liu,&nbsp;Shuhao Qin","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00841-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00841-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Drought and alkaline salt stress act synergistically on potato, affecting growth and causing reduced yield and quality. Lignin plays a key role in potato resistance to abiotic stresses, and most of the key enzymes in its synthetic pathway were involved in plant stress response. Among them, caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is a key enzyme for G-type lignin synthesis, and the <i>StCCoAOMT</i> gene is involved in potato lignin synthesis and response to plant stress in response to adversity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The study identified 13 <i>StCCoAOMT</i> genes, which were classified into four subgroups by evolutionary analysis. We have analyzed their physicochemical properties, gene structures, motifs, and cis-acting elements. <i>StCCoAOMT</i> family genes are subject to purification selection, and tandem repeats are the primary driver of gene duplication. The collinearity relationships with other species analysis showed that the <i>StCCoAOMT</i> genes are evolutionarily distinct from monocotyledonous plants. Through transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR validation of the tissue-specific expression patterns of <i>StCCoAOMT</i> genes under drought, alkaline salt, and combined stress conditions, we identified the stress-responsive gene <i>StCCoAOMT7</i>.We also obtained the homologous gene, <i>StCCoAOMT1</i>, which has the highest degree of similarity to the Arabidopsis thaliana gene At4g34050, which is responsive to drought and salt stresses, by sequence comparison.</p><p>VIGS analysis revealed that <i>NbCCoAOMT1</i> and <i>NbCCoAOMT7</i> silenced tobacco plants displayed reduced resistance compared to WT plants under drought, alkaline salt, and combined stress. It is speculated that the <i>StCCoAOMT1</i> and <i>StCCoAOMT7</i> genes positively regulate drought, alkaline salt, and combined stress. The subcellular localization of StCCoAOMT1 and StCCoAOMT7 proteins was investigated in tobacco. The results indicate that both proteins may function in the nucleus, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense and stress responses.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><i>StCCoAOMT1</i> and <i>StCCoAOMT7</i> were screened as drought, alkaline salt, and combined stress response genes.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00841-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}