Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Transmission electron microscopy indicates supramolecular transformations over time of soil humic acids and their electrophoretic fractions","authors":"Olga Trubetskaya,&nbsp;Olga Selivanova,&nbsp;Vadim Rogachevsky,&nbsp;Oleg Trubetskoj","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00820-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00820-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The influence of various environmental factors on the formation of different morphological forms of soil organic matter has been extensively studied, but there is still uncertainty about how time spent in solution affects the evolution and possible transformation of the morphological structures of soil humic substances.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with negative contrast staining by uranyl acetate was used to study morphological differences between soil humic acids (HAs) and their individual electrophoretic fractions before and after 150 days of incubation in the same solution under constant environmental conditions.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>For the first time, it was found that during 150 days of incubation in constant environmental conditions, soil humic samples can aggregate by two fundamentally different ways, forming vesicle-like or ribbon-flat/sheet-like supramolecular morphological structures.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The types of morphological supramolecular structures observed using TEM were found to be related to different chemical compositions and physical–chemical properties of soil humic substances. These data could be relevant to better understanding the overall makeup of soil HAs, their structural organization, and various ecological and biogeochemical functions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><img></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00820-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolite detection via QTOF-LCMS and computational analysis on Russelia equisetiformis exploring green nanotechnology and antifungal against phytopathogens","authors":"Reham M. Aldahasi,&nbsp;Sahar S. Alghamdi,&nbsp;Nouf Albulushi,&nbsp;Hanin Alhuraibi,&nbsp;Rasha Saad Suliman,&nbsp;Arwa Alsubait,&nbsp;Amirah S. Alahmari,&nbsp;Afrah E. Mohammed","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00850-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00850-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study explores <i>Russelia equisetiformis</i> as a sustainable source for the green synthesis of antifungal nanomaterials. In response to increasing phytopathogenic fungi and environmental issues, it focuses on the fabrication of manganese nanoparticles (MnONPs), nitrogen-doped carbon dots (<i>N</i>-CDs), and their nanocomposite (MnO NPs@N-CDs) using <i>R. equisetiformis</i> extract.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, DLS, TEM, and EDX to confirm nanoparticle formation. Their antifungal effectiveness was evaluated against <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium equiseti</i>, and <i>Fusarium venenatum</i>. Additionally, bioactive metabolites were identified via LC–QTOF-MS, and their antifungal activity, pharmacokinetic profiles, and toxicity levels were assessed through computational tools.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Nanomaterials produced from <i>R. equisetiformis</i> extract significantly reduced fungal growth, highlighting their potential as eco-friendly solutions for plant disease control. Most metabolites exhibited favorable safety profiles with minimal predicted cardiotoxicity and mutagenicity, indicating their promise as safe fungicides.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><i>R. equisetiformis</i> provides compounds with effective antifungal activity and low toxicity, offering a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical fungicides for sustainable plant disease management. Further research is essential to expand their application in agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00850-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutualistic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes as an insecticidal agent for sustainable agriculture","authors":"Chunli Liao,&nbsp;Shijie Zhang,&nbsp;Taotao Fu,&nbsp;Xinshuo Jin,&nbsp;Wenwen Xu,&nbsp;Dongxiao Liu,&nbsp;Huamin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiming Liu,&nbsp;Xiaobo Liu,&nbsp;Tao Zhu,&nbsp;Lianzhe Wang,&nbsp;Taotao Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00862-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00862-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) belonging to the genera <i>Heterorhabditis</i> and <i>Steinernema</i> are mutualistically associated with bacteria in the genera <i>Photorhabdus</i> and <i>Xenorhabdus</i>. The complexes of EPNs and their bacterial symbionts infect and kill a wide range of soil-dwelling insects that are harmful to crops. Given this advantage, these complexes have been primarily developed as a biocontrol agent to replace chemical pesticides on crops when society calls for healthy agriculture. This review examined recent advances in mutualistic bacteria of EPNs, secondary metabolites, and the mechanisms underpinning the interactions between mutualistic bacteria and insect hosts, as well as their potential application as a biocontrol agent. Based on this, new insights were provided to address the current issues that restrict the exploration of such biological agents, informing future research and guiding the development of biocontrol strategies for sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00862-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) transcription factor StbZIP1 in regulating saline-alkaline stress response through enhanced antioxidant capacity","authors":"Shujuan Jiao,&nbsp;Xiongliang Hu,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Ruyan Zhang,&nbsp;Xingxing Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Lu,&nbsp;Weina Zhang,&nbsp;Yuhui Liu,&nbsp;Shuhao Qin,&nbsp;Yichen Kang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00861-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00861-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Saline-alkali stress severely impacts global crop productivity, while basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) are known regulators of abiotic stress responses, the specific mechanisms of <i>StbZIP1</i> in potato saline-alkaline tolerance remains unclear.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We cloned <i>StbZIP1</i> from tetraploid potato ‘Favorita’, analyzed its sequence characteristics, and generated overexpression lines. <i>StbZIP1</i>-overexpressing (OE) and wild-type (WT) plants were subjected to saline-alkaline stress (NaCl: NaHCO₃ = 1:1) to assess physiological and molecular responses.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>StbZIP1 encodes a 16.61 kDa protein with conserved bZIP domains. Secondary structure prediction revealed that the protein comprises 55.48% α-helix and 44.52% random coil, consistent with the structural characteristics of typical bZIP family features. Physicochemical characterization revealed StbZIP1 was a highly hydrophilic protein (GRAVY index: −0.882) with no transmembrane region, and it harbors 27 predicted phosphorylation sites. Subcellular localization analysis using GFP-tagged StbZIP1 via confocal microscopy confirmed its exclusive nuclear localization, classifying it as a nuclear-targeted transcription factor. Under saline-alkaline stress, WT plants displayed severe wilting and complete desiccation of lower leaves, whereas <i>StbZIP1</i>-OE plants exhibited delayed wilting, no death and retained greener apical leaves. Quantitative analysis revealed that <i>StbZIP1</i>-OE plants showed a 33%–50% increase in chlorophyll content compared to WT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Notably, <i>StbZIP1</i>-OE plants exhibited a more pronounced increase in Pro content (28% ~ 46%) higher than WT, while their MDA content was significantly reduced compared to WT. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and APX) were markedly elevated in <i>StbZIP1</i>-OE plants, showing increases of 81% ~ 100%, 81% ~ 104%, and 20% ~ 43%, respectively, relative to WT. Analysis of stress-related gene expression showed that after 12 d of saline-alkaline stress, the OE plants exhibited significantly increased expression of all six genes (<i>StNCED</i>, <i>StRD29B</i>, <i>StABI5</i>, <i>StP5CS</i>, <i>StSOD</i>, and <i>StCAT</i>) compared with WT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><i>StbZIP1</i> positively regulates saline-alkaline tolerance by enhancing antioxidant capacity, providing a reference for the further cultivation of new stress-resistant potatoes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00861-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic anti-photoaging and anti-inflammatory effects of Eucommia ulmoides, Styphnolobium japonicum, and Portulaca oleracea extracts via TGF-β/Smad/IL-17 pathway","authors":"Fangli Zhu,&nbsp;Liping Qu,&nbsp;Rui Xu,&nbsp;Yonglei Yuan,&nbsp;Shuhong Zhang,&nbsp;Yueyue Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00856-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00856-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Eucommia ulmoides&lt;/i&gt; Oliv. (PE), &lt;i&gt;Styphnolobium japonicum&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Schott (PS) and &lt;i&gt;Portulaca oleracea&lt;/i&gt; L. (PP) are well-characterized medicinal botanicals with established therapeutic profiles. PE exhibits anti-psoriatic and anti-aging properties through bioactive constituents, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo research. PS flowers contain sophoricoside, a validated modulator of atopic dermatitis pathways, while PP displays broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Given their complementary mechanisms and the limited efficacy of single-agent approaches against UVB-driven oxidative stress/inflammation, we hypothesized that a tripartite extract (ESP: PE/PS/PP) would demonstrate synergistic photoprotection. This study evaluated the efficacy of ESP through integrated experimental cell models, a murine model of acute UVB-induced photoaging, and transcriptome analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;ESP extracts demonstrated synergistic antioxidant and photoprotective activities through multi-target mechanisms, effectively attenuating UVB-induced photoaging in vitro and in vivo. LC-QTOF-MS analysis identified major bioactive components comprising organic acids, polysaccharides, iridoids, and flavonoids. In a paracrine signaling model using conditioned medium from UVB-exposed HaCaT cells to stimulate HFF cells, ESP significantly inhibited UVB-induced secretion of inflammatory mediators (PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6). Transcriptome sequencing coupled with RT-qPCR validation revealed that ESP attenuated photoaging via the IL-17 signaling pathway, downregulating key mediators including matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1/3/13), chemokines (CXCL3/8, CCL7), and colony-stimulating factors (CSF2/3). Furthermore, ESP reduced mitochondrial ROS generation, stabilized membrane potential, activated the TGF-β/Smad pathway, and upregulated COL1A1 and COL3A1 expression. Significantly, in a murine model of acute UVB-induced photoaging, ESP treatment produced dose-dependent restoration of UVB-damaged skin. It markedly attenuated epidermal hyperplasia, and increased collagen density. Concurrently, it improved skin elasticity and barrier function (TEWL), while suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17) and MMP3 expression, and upregulating collagen genes (COL1A1, COL3A1). These findings demonstrated that ESP inhibits photoaging through four integrated pathways: (1) attenuating inflammatory cytokines, (2) scavenging ROS, (3) enhancing collagen synthesis, and (4) restoring structural and functional integrity to the skin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our data established ESP as a potent anti-photoaging agent that protects against UVB-induced damage via coordinated modulation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway and IL-17 signaling. Its dose-dependent efficacy, demonstrated through effective ROS scavenging, enhanced collagen synthesis, and significant anti-inflammatory activity, validates ESP as a novel, multi-target strategy agai","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00856-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid and sensitive detection of melamine in milk: a novel methodological approach","authors":"Wenliang Qi,&nbsp;Qingqing Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00863-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00863-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The detection of melamine in milk has consistently been a crucial issue in food safety. Near-infrared spectroscopy is widely used for rapid, non-destructive quantitative analysis and adulteration detection in dairy products, as evidenced by its application in detecting components, such as moisture, fat, and protein, and identifying adulterants, such as water and starch. Despite advancements in qualitative and quantitative models using near-infrared spectroscopy for melamine detection in milk, such as those employing discriminant analysis and partial least squares methods, the technique still faces challenges due to its inherent low sensitivity and high detection limits. This paper proposes a novel method for the detection of melamine in milk based on surface-enhanced near-infrared absorption (SENIRA) spectroscopy with gold nanoparticles. Gold nanospheres were successfully fabricated as substrates for enhancing near-infrared spectroscopy signals, leveraging their unique quantum confinement effects and interactions with light. Utilizing a wavelength range of 900 ~ 1700 nm and various chemometric methods, the concentration of melamine in milk, ranging from 0.0001 to 0.1 mg/mL, was quantified. The modelling effects were found to be favourable, with a calibration correlation coefficient (R_c²) of 0.9853, a prediction correlation coefficient (R_p²) of 0.9837, and a root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.0059, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.0066, the relative prediction deviation (RPD) was 5.3940, and the average recovery rate was calculated to be 117%. The combination of a high correlation coefficient a low prediction error, a high RPD value, and acceptable recovery rates suggests that the established model is robust and has competent predictive performance. Furthermore, experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of using SENIRA in conjunction with chemometrics for the determination of melamine content in milk, a process that aligns with the successful application of HPLC and NIR spectroscopy techniques as detailed in recent studies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00863-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citrus-extract synthesized Zn/Ag nanoparticles for sustainable management of rice bacterial leaf blight and soil health","authors":"Ihsan ud Din,&nbsp;Xiyu Tan,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhang,&nbsp;Yihang Chen,&nbsp;Qihua Liang,&nbsp;Arif Ali Khattak,&nbsp;Muhammad Afzal,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Tan","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00849-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00849-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice, poses significant threats to global crop productivity. To develop eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, this study synthesized zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) using <i>Citrus maxima</i> and <i>Citrus sinensis</i> extracts. NPs were characterized via UV–vis spectroscopy (peaks at 349 nm and 441 nm), FT-IR (identifying capping agents), and electron microscopy (spherical NPs, 8–56 nm). Antimicrobial assays revealed potent activity against Xoo, with Ag Nps exhibiting larger inhibition zones (31.32 mm) than ZnO NPs (19.31 mm). In vivo trials demonstrated infection reductions of 63.39% (Ag Nps) and 52.76% (Zn NPs), comparable to conventional pesticides. NPs enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, thereby reducing ROS accumulation. Soil analysis indicated treatment-specific heavy metal dynamics: Zn NPs elevated Zn and Al levels. Microbial communities shifted under NP exposure; <i>Flavisolibacter, Sphingomonas,</i> and <i>Candidatus Koribacter</i> abundances varied significantly, distinguishing NP treatments from pesticides. Metabolomic profiling highlighted Ag Nps -induced upregulation of fatty acid and monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, suggesting targeted metabolic responses. While both NPs effectively suppressed BLB, Ag Nps showed superior antimicrobial performance, whereas Zn NPs influenced soil nutrient profiles. These findings underscore the potential of green-synthesized NPs as sustainable alternatives for BLB management, balancing disease control with minimal adverse effects on plant physiology and soil ecosystems. Further research is warranted to optimize NP dosages and assess long-term impacts on soil health.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00849-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile synthesis of novel quinolin-8-amine derivatives: crystallographic study, in silico and antifungal investigation","authors":"Jian-Ying Tong,&nbsp;Li-Jing Min,&nbsp;Na-Bo Sun,&nbsp;Hong-Ke Wu,&nbsp;Shu-Jing Yu,&nbsp;Qiang Bian,&nbsp;Xing-Hai Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00853-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00853-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Quinoline, an important nitrogen-containing heterocycle, is frequently found in both natural and synthetic compounds. Numerous quinoline derivatives have been developed as commercial pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Due to quinoline derivatives having exhibited various bioactivities, this research aims to investigate novel quinolin-8-amine derivatives as potential antifungal agents. Elucidating the structure–activity relationships (SAR) provides insights to facilitate the discovery of new agrochemicals.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A series of quinolin-8-amine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and structurally characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the molecular architecture of compound <b>3n</b> (4-chloro-<i>N</i>-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dimethylquinolin-8-amine). Biological evaluation revealed several synthesized derivatives exhibited fungicidal activity against ten phytopathogenic fungi. Structural analysis of compound <b>3n</b> revealed two distinct intermolecular hydrogen-bonding motifs: N–H···Cl and C–H···Cl interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis identified H···H (37.0%) and C···H (12.2%) contacts as the major intermolecular interactions, while energy framework calculations revealed their respective contributions to crystal packing stability. Computational investigations including energy framework analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations consistently emphasized the critical role of the quinoline scaffold in the antifungal activity.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides an improved understanding of the SAR of quinoline-based fungicides, which is valuable for synthesizing novel quinoline derivatives and discovering more potent quinoline-based fungicides.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00853-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive genomic analysis of Sinorhizobium meliloti isolates associated with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) from diverse agroclimatic regions of India","authors":"Mitesh Khairnar,&nbsp;Saleh S. Alhewairini,&nbsp;Swapnil Chandrakant Kajale,&nbsp;Vagish Dwibedi,&nbsp;Jayanthi Barasarathi,&nbsp;Andrea Mastinu,&nbsp;Riyaz Sayyed","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00811-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00811-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Sinorhizobium</i> sp. enhances plant vitality and stress resilience and improves soil structure. Underscoring their significance as agriculturally important bioagents for increased agricultural productivity requires understanding their taxonomic and functional relationships and the genetic foundations and pathways that drive plant growth-promoting traits. Genome sequencing, comparative genomics, functional annotation, and hybrid genome assemblies can achieve these. Comparative genomic analyses revealed a close relationship between the studied strains and <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> and <i>Sinorhizobium kummerowiae</i>, which was further supported by phylogenomic, ANI, AAI, and dDDH analyses. Gene family cluster analysis identified 5999 gene families in the FRNB45 strain, 6116 in the FRNB101 strain, and 5996 in the FRNB126 strain. Functional genomic analysis identified several biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) related to secondary metabolite production, including polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), and siderophores, highlighting the metabolic versatility of these strains. KEGG pathway analysis confirmed the presence of nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization pathways, genes associated with the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and siderophores. These findings support the potential application of FRNB45, FRNB101, and FRNB126 as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), particularly suited for diverse climatic conditions and high-altitude ecosystems. However, further experimental validation is required to confirm their efficacy and consistency under field conditions. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00811-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary oregano essential oil supplementation improves intestinal barrier function and modulates the cecal microbiota and metabolites of beef cattle","authors":"Pengjia He,&nbsp;Yu Lei,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Jinping Shi,&nbsp;Qiang Cheng,&nbsp;Yannan Ma,&nbsp;Tao Ran,&nbsp;Zhaomin Lei","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00858-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00858-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The health of the hindgut in beef cattle plays a crucial role in their growth and overall health. Oregano essential oil (OEO) has gained attention as a potential alternative to antibiotics due to its various beneficial properties such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its specific impacts on cecal health in beef cattle and its underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of OEO supplementation on basal immune status, intestinal barrier integrity-related gene expression, microbiota, and their metabolites in the cecum of beef cattle, thus to better understand its potential mechanism.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-seven steers (initial body weigh 270.47 ± 16.26 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups with nine replicates each in a 390-day trial. Steers were fed with basal diet (CON), basal diet supplemented with 130 mg/d OEO (LOE), and basal diet with 260 mg/d OEO (HOE). Results showed that dietary HOE supplementation significantly increased the growth performance (average daily gain and final body weight) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared to CON group, both LOE and HOE groups showed reduced levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (<i>P</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>), while only HOE decreased IL-6 and increased IL-4 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, HOE supplementation upregulated the intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Claudin-1) gene expression <i>(P</i> &lt; <i>0.05)</i>. The HOE group exhibited a significant increase in the relative abundances of cecal beneficial bacteria (e.g., <i>Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus, P</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>). Furthermore, HOE supplementation increased the concentrations of butyrate in cecal short-chain fatty acids (<i>P</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>HOE supplementation has the potential to regulate cecal barrier homeostasis, the microbiota and its derived metabolites, improve basal immune status, and ultimately benefit the health and performance of steers.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00858-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}