Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Median interacted pigeon optimization-based hyperparameter tuning of CNN for paddy leaf disease prediction","authors":"Jasmy Davies,&nbsp;S. Sivakumari","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00785-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00785-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Image processing is used for identifying and diagnosing rice leaf diseases in the field of agricultural information. However, in the paddy leaf, identifying fungal infections like powdery mildew, and viral infections are complex. Hence, a novel, “Median Interacted Pigeon Optimization-based Hyperparameter Tuning of CNN for Paddy Leaf Disease Prediction”, has been proposed, in which the existing works focus on size, shape, and texture for leaf disease identification, overlooking fungal disease (powdery mildew) branching patterns and making segmentation more challenging. Thus, a novel Coherent Point Graph Recurrent Network (CPGRN) is introduced, which captures structural branching patterns and recurrent neural networks for temporal coherence, enabling precise segmentation of fungal hyphae. Furthermore, to extract relevant features from images of rice leaf diseases, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) require efficient hyperparameter tuning. Thus, a novel Median Interacted Pigeon-Inspired Optimization (MIPIO) is proposed, which optimizes CNN hyperparameters to enhance the accuracy of characterizing fungal infections and enable the recognition of antagonist interactions among virus species. Moreover, the existing virus identification techniques struggle with antagonistic interactions. To address the unpredictable synergistic effects of multiple viruses co-infecting rice plants and detect co-infections of various viruses, a novel Dynamic Bayesian Adaptive Aesthetic Learning (DBAAL) is proposed, which highly assists in improving the prediction of viral infections in paddy leaves. The experimental results confirm that the proposed approach enhances prediction accuracy, also helps in efficient identification of co-infections of different viruses in rice plants.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00785-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluridone promotes the germination of Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds by modulating hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and energy metabolism","authors":"Xiaogang Jiang,&nbsp;Darong Li,&nbsp;Hua Wang,&nbsp;Yuying Yang,&nbsp;Kaidi Yu,&nbsp;Jinwen You,&nbsp;Haihua Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Guo,&nbsp;Yinsheng He,&nbsp;Wuxian Zhou,&nbsp;Qingfang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00787-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00787-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Polygonatum cyrtonema</i> Hua functions as a highly valued medicinal herb. However, the seeds of <i>P. cyrtonema</i> exhibit morphophysiological dormancy. In this study, <i>P. cyrtonema</i> seeds were treated with a range of fluridone concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/L). The germination rate and radicle length were recorded on the 25th, 30th, 40th, 50th, and 60th days of the experiment. In addition, we investigated the metabolome and transcriptome differences in <i>P. cyrtonema</i> seed under fluridone treatments of 0 mg/L (CK), 50 mg/L (FL5), and 250 mg/L (FL20). The findings revealed that suitable fluridone significantly increased the germination rate and promoted radicle elongation of <i>P. cyrtonema</i> seeds. Furthermore, fluridone treatments significantly promoted the germination by reducing abscisic acid (ABA) content, while increasing the levels of auxin (IAA) and cytokinin (CTK). Most genes associated with IAA and CTK in FL5 and FL20 showed higher expression levels when compared with the control, whereas genes related to dormancy and senescence showed the opposite trend. Moreover, genes associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis exhibited significant upregulation in FL5 and FL20 when compared with the control, suggesting that fluridone might alleviate the abiotic stress and provide a more favorable environment for germination. In addition, genes associated with the starch and sucrose metabolism showed significant upregulation, contributing to the energy supply for the seed germination. In summary, this study identified 250 mg/L as the optimal fluridone concentration for promoting the germination of <i>P. cyrtonema</i> seed by regulating hormone-mediated signaling, starch/sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The current research provides a theoretical basis and practical techniques for applying fluridone to release the dormancy and enhance germination of <i>P. cyrtonema</i> seeds.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00787-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of fertilizer content and processing condition on the properties of slow-release thermoplastic starch/epoxidized natural rubber blend fertilizer systems","authors":"Yeampon Nakaramontri,&nbsp;Lompong Klinnawee","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00791-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00791-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Urea-based fertilizers are essential for agricultural productivity but contribute to environmental degradation by releasing soil nitrogen (N) through N leaching and runoff. To address these issues, this study develops and characterizes slow-release composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) that incorporate 46-0-0 fertilizer. TPS, recognized for its moisture sensitivity and biodegradability, was blended with ENR to enhance matrix compatibility and optimize nutrient release from the fertilizer. The blending process included different fertilizer concentrations (6.9, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) within various components of the composite.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The characterization included evaluation of mechanical properties, water absorbance, biodegradability in soil, ammonium release, and ammonium leaching. The TPS/ENR composites exhibited a two-stage decomposition, with TPS dissolving first to provide an initial nutrient boost, followed by the biodegradation of ENR to ensure sustained nutrient delivery. Ammonium release assays demonstrated that TPS/ENR composites delayed nutrient dissolution compared to conventional fertilizers, significantly reducing nitrogen loss through leaching. Notably, the TPS/ENR composite with 6.9 wt% of 46-0-0 fertilizer exhibited the highest efficiency, achieving sustained ammonium release and enhancing soil nitrogen retention while mitigating phytotoxicity in lettuce and maize germination assays.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings highlight the potential and environmental benefits of delivering fertilizer in TPS/ENR composites to improve nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in agricultural systems. The slow-release mechanism provides both initial and sustained nutrient supply, addressing the dual challenges of early crop nutritional needs and long-term environmental sustainability.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00791-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing drying efficiency and nutritional quality of oat grass using high-voltage discharge plasma drying","authors":"Mingjie Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiqing Song,&nbsp;Bufan Li,&nbsp;Chunxu Qin,&nbsp;Changjiang Ding,&nbsp;Liqiang Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00777-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00777-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oat grass is a premium forage with exceptionally high nutritional value and quality. Freshly harvested oat grass requires rapid drying to extend its shelf life. Currently, the primary methods employed for drying oat grass are natural air drying (AD) and hot air drying (HAD); however, prolonged drying times or elevated temperatures can lead to degradation in hay quality. In response to this issue, this study explores the use of a novel non-thermal drying technology—high-voltage discharge plasma drying (HVDPD) treatment—for oat grass dehydration. We comparatively investigate the effects of high-voltage discharge plasma drying (HVDPD), hot air drying (HAD), and natural air drying (AD) on the physicochemical properties as well as quality characteristics of oat grass. Oat grass was dried by maintaining a constant voltage at 35 kV while varying the gradient needle spacing. At the same time, a series of studies are conducted on the characteristics of electric fields, including the voltage and current waveforms of needle–plate electrodes, the energy consumption for high-voltage discharge plasma drying (HVDPD), and ICCD emission spectroscopy. The results indicate that reducing needle spacing during HVDPD treatment leads to significant improvements in rehydration performance, microstructural integrity, forage quality, and energy consumption of the oat grass. Specifically, compared to the natural air drying (AD) treatment, the improvements in the performance of oat grass after HVDPD treatment are primarily reflected in the following aspects: (1) the average drying rate increased by 2.36 times. (2) Relative feed value (RFV) and relative forage quality (RFQ) improved by 1.14 times and 1.18 times, respectively. (3) Although specific energy consumption (SEC) was generated, it amounted to only 0.06 times that of hot air drying (HAD) treatment. In summary, HVDPD represents an effective dehydrating technique capable of considerably enhancing both the nutritional quality and inherent characteristics of oat grass. This research offers innovative methodologies for storage and preservation concerning oat grasses' quality.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00777-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electro-anaerobic digestion as carbon–neutral solutions","authors":"Suraj Negi,&nbsp;Jyi-Yong Chai,&nbsp;Audrey Clara Tanesha Tjhin,&nbsp;Shu-Yuan Pan","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00776-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00776-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electro-anaerobic digestion (EAD) is a promising biowaste treatment technology that integrates a low electric field with conventional anaerobic digestion to enhance biogas yield. Particularly, EAD improves efficiency in CH₄ production through enhanced microbial activity and direct electron transfer. This study first illustrates the principles and mechanisms of EAD, and compares with other microbial electrochemical technologies, such as microbial electrolysis, microbial electrosynthesis, and electromethanogenesis. Then, we explore the microbial interactions crucial to biogas production, emphasizing the roles of key bacteria and archaea for CH₄ generation in EAD. This study also discusses engineering design considerations for EAD, including applied voltage, temperature, electrode material, electrode spacing, pH control, mixing, and reaction kinetics. The statistical analysis results indicate an average applied voltage of 0.71 V (95% CI 0.48–0.94, <i>n</i> = 19, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and an average CH₄ yield of 304.7 mL-CH₄ per g-COD (95% CI 252.61–356.73, <i>n</i> = 14, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) for EAD operations reported in the literature. Life cycle assessments and techno-economic evaluations reveal that while EAD has higher capital and operational costs than conventional anaerobic digestion, its increased efficiency in CH₄ production can offset these costs, resulting in significant long-term economic and environmental benefits. Lastly, this study proposes several priority research directions for EAD, including advancing electron transfer and microbial interactions for system optimization, scaling-up to bridge laboratory success to industrial application, and pioneering carbon–neutral solutions that supports a bio-circular-green economy.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00776-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of high-yielding edeine strains and an initial exploration of their control efficacy against crop pathogens","authors":"Liang Zhang,&nbsp;Ziyue Chen,&nbsp;Fei Xia,&nbsp;Tianbo Liu,&nbsp;Qingshu Liu,&nbsp;Wu Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00786-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00786-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Edeine, a non-ribosomal antibiotic produced by <i>Brevibacillus brevis</i> X23, has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens, but its low yield in wild-type strains limits its potential for agricultural applications. This study aimed to enhance edeine production by genetically engineering <i>B. brevis</i> X23.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Red/ET homologous recombination technology was used to construct engineered strain X23(Δ<i>abrB</i>)::P_<i>mwp</i> by knocking out global negative regulator AbrB and replacing the natural promoter of the edeine biosynthesis gene cluster (<i>ede</i> BGC) with the strong P_<i>mwp</i> promoter.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Quantitative PCR revealed significantly increased <i>ede</i> BGC transcription levels in X23(Δ<i>abrB</i>)::P_<i>mwp</i> compared to the wild-type strain. High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) demonstrated a 10.1-fold increase in the edeine peak area with the final yield reaching 97.3 mg/L. In pot experiments for tobacco bacterial wilt (pathogen name <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>) control, X23(Δ<i>abrB</i>)::P_<i>mwp</i> showed an efficacy of 82.9%, representing a 32.6% improvement over the wild-type strain (62.5%). The engineered strain also demonstrated an increased plate inhibition capacity of 20.5–60.9% against <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> Kleb, <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> in cotton, indicating its potential application in crop protection.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Therefore, this study yielded an engineered strain with increased edeine production and enhanced biocontrol efficacy, contributing to the development of biological control methods for plant diseases.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00786-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanism study on the contribution of open-fire flue-curing technology to tobacco leaf aroma","authors":"Kaiyuan Gu,&nbsp;Jialiang Li,&nbsp;Lu Zhao,&nbsp;Jiaen Su,&nbsp;Xu Wei,&nbsp;Xianglu Liu,&nbsp;Binbin Hu,&nbsp;Yonglei Jiang,&nbsp;Yi Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00784-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00784-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study compared the effects of open-fire flue-curing and conventional curing methods on the aroma and chemical composition of K326 tobacco leaves, aiming to reveal the molecular mechanisms of aroma formation during open-fire flue-curing. The results showed that after curing, the leaves from conventional curing appeared orange-yellow, while those from open-fire flue-curing exhibited a brownish color. Sensory evaluation indicated that the leaves absorbed the combustion aroma of pine wood, resulting in an elegant woody fragrance, enhanced pungency, and a harmonious balance between the pungency and woodiness, with a rich aroma and prominent flavor. Physical and chemical analyses indicated that, Unlike conventional curing, the rate of moisture loss in open-fire flue-cured leaves was slower. Between 38 °C and 42 °C, the moisture content of conventionally cured leaves decreased by 9.96%, while that of open-fire flue-cured leaves decreased by only 5.18%. Meanwhile, during this phase, the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in open-fire flue-cured leaves was significantly higher than in conventionally cured leaves. Phenolic compound analysis showed that, Compared to conventional curing, the scopolamine content in open-fire cured leaves decreased by 33.85%, while the contents of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin increased significantly to 1.63, 11.59, and 16.46 mg/g, respectively. An integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis identified phenylalanine metabolism and amino acid degradation pathways as the central mechanisms driving aroma differentiation. Specifically, key enzymes and proteins in the phenylalanine metabolism pathway were significantly upregulated, promoting the synthesis of phenylalanine and its derivatives. Meanwhile, the degradation of lysine resulted in the conversion of fewer nitrogen-containing compounds in the open-fire flue-cured leaves. These synergistic effects enhanced the production of secondary metabolites, which were further released and transformed during the curing process, ultimately improving the aroma quality of the tobacco leaves. This study not only deepens the scientific understanding of aroma formation during open-fire flue-curing, but also provides theoretical support for the precise regulation and directional synthesis of characteristic aromas, offering feasible strategies to optimize curing processes and enhance the industrial quality of tobacco.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00784-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated microbiome and metabolome approaches reveal the resistant mechanisms of leaf blight resistant plum cultivar","authors":"Xinyan Zhou,&nbsp;Yufei Wei,&nbsp;Yu Zhu,&nbsp;Jiaoming Li,&nbsp;Runche Zhou,&nbsp;Qingju Xiao,&nbsp;Ruihong Luo,&nbsp;Shangdong Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00780-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00780-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Endophytic microbiome and metabolome are closely related to the plant resistance. Unravelling the compositional features of the endophytic microbiome and metabolome can help to understand plant resistant mechanisms. This study investigates the resistant mechanisms of leaf blight-resistant plum cultivars through comparative analysis of endophytic microbiome and metabolome features between leaf blight resistant (Mihuang Plum, RP) and susceptible (Pearl Plum, SP) cultivars.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that higher microbial diversity and richness could be detected in RP cultivar than those of SP cultivar. Meanwhile, the endophytic bacterial genera, such as <i>1174-901-12</i>, <i>Sneathia</i>, <i>Gardnerella</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Fastidiosipila</i>, and the endophytic fungal genera, <i>Paramycosphaerella</i>, <i>Epicoleosporium</i>, <i>Zasmidium</i>, and <i>Zeloasperisporium</i> were enriched in the RP cultivar. Moreover, in comparison with SP cultivar, Flavonoid biosynthesis, Isoflavonoid biosynthesis, Phenylalanine metabolism, Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and Nucleotide metabolism showed high expression levels in RP cultivar, and the contents of (-)-Naringenin, 4-Coumaric acid, Epicatechin, Genistein, M-Coumaric acid, Dihydrokaempferol, and 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid were also significantly higher in RP cultivar.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings had revealed that significant differences of endophytic microbiome and metabolome features could be found between leaf blight resistant (Mihuang Plum, RP) and susceptible (Pearl Plum, SP) cultivars. Meanwhile, positive correlations between potential functional microorganisms, metabolites and leaf blight resistant plum cultivar also had been identified. In future research, a deeper exploration of these microbial communities and metabolites is warranted to fully understand their functional roles in the resistance mechanisms. Identifying the specific microbial taxa and metabolites that contribute to leaf blight resistance could provide valuable insights into their potential applications in biological control. By harnessing these natural microbial and metabolic resources, it may be possible to develop sustainable, eco-friendly strategies for managing leaf blight, ultimately reducing the dependency on chemical pesticides.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00780-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous melatonin as a natural preservative: a meta-analysis of its effects on fruit shelf life and oxidative stress during storage","authors":"Rahmat Budiarto,&nbsp;Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin,&nbsp;Syariful Mubarok,&nbsp;Tri Ujilestari,&nbsp;Danung Nur Adli,&nbsp;Temoor Ahmed,&nbsp;Hayssam M. Ali","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00781-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00781-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Damage to fruits during the postharvest period is inevitable, with oxidative stress due to environmental factors being the primary cause. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the consistent effects of exogenous melatonin application on postharvest fruit quality and shelf life by evaluating its influence on physiological parameters, antioxidant capacities, and oxidative stress-related factors. Meta-analysis via the Hedges’ g random effects model was employed to assess 52 relevant studies, with model validation performed via Egger's test. The meta-analysis results indicated that exogenous melatonin application significantly reduced fruit damage parameters such as the browning index (g = − 0.542), fresh weight loss (g = − 0.689), and decay incidence (g = − 1.23; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Conversely, the values for chroma (g = 0.224), hue (g = 0.488), lightness (g = 0.154), and firmness (g = 0.444) increased significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Chemical components such as ascorbic acid (g = 0.544), cellulose (g = 0.812), and titratable acidity (g = 0.308) also significantly increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while water-soluble pectin (g = − 0.935) decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Antioxidant-related compounds, including phenolic acids, general flavonoids, and specifically pigmented molecules such as total anthocyanins (g = 0.33), increased significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), indicating enhanced fruit antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin led to an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (g = 0.751), catalase (g = 0.815), and glutathione reductase (g = 0.918; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while decreasing the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). A positive trend was observed with a reduction in hydrogen peroxide (g = − 0.8) and malondialdehyde levels (g = − 0.696), both of which are related to oxidative stress. Moreover, application of exogenous melatonin at concentrations up to 500 µM consistently tended to reduce decay incidence during storage for up to 60 days. On the basis of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal dose is 116 µM, which is predicted to result in a fresh weight loss of only 4.4% and an increase in ascorbic acid content to 57.3 mg/100 g of fresh weight. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin serves as an effective natural preservative that improves postharvest fruit shelf life by reducing the physiological activities associated with oxidative damage and enhancing antioxidant resistance.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00781-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of some secondary metabolites of Beauveria bassiana and the potential effects on Spodoptera littoralis","authors":"Wessam Houssiny Bakr,&nbsp;Mohemed Farouk Ghaly,&nbsp;Wafaa Ghatwary Tantawy,&nbsp;Samah Nour El-Shafeiy","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00774-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00774-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Beauveria bassiana</i> is one of the most renowned entomopathogenic fungi and has recently been recognized as a potential biopesticide for a wide range of insect pests. The secondary metabolites of <i>B. bassiana</i> are believed to contribute to its pesticidal activity. Meanwhile, the Egyptian cotton leafworm, <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>, is a significant pest that causes considerable damage to various key crops.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate from both the culture medium filtrate and the mycelia separately. Subsequently, the extracts were separated via thin-layer chromatography into six fractions from the medium filtrate (F0:F5) and ten fractions from the mycelia (M1:M10). All fractions were assessed for their insecticidal effects on second instar larvae of <i>S. littoralis</i>. The treatment of F0 resulted in the highest larval mortality rate of 61.11%, followed by M3 with a mortality rate of 45.19%. M2 and M8 had similar effects, each resulting in a mortality rate of 40.00%. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed cuticle disorders and deformations in larvae treated with all treatments. Fractions exhibited the highest mortality rates in <i>S. littoralis</i> larvae, and the total injuries were analyzed using GC/MS, which revealed the presence of eight bioactive compounds. Notably, this study represents the first detection of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol in the mycelia of <i>B. bassiana</i>, a compound known for its high toxicity. In addition, other compounds contributed to the observed experimental results.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings indicate that <i>B. bassiana</i> could serve as a sustainable source of bioactive metabolites with significant insecticidal effects on <i>S. littoralis</i>. This suggests a strong potential for improving integrated pest management (IPM), particularly when large-scale production is implemented.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00774-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}