Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Petroselinic acid: a rare fatty acid with emerging roles in nutrition, green chemistry and bio-industry","authors":"Rokaia R. Abdelsalam,&nbsp;Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01046-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01046-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Petroselinic acid (PeA), a rare monounsaturated fatty acid (C18:1Δ⁶), has garnered scientific interest due to its unique <i>cis</i>-Δ⁶ double bond configuration and limited botanical distribution. Predominantly found in the Apiaceae family (e.g., parsley, coriander, dill), PeA exhibits distinct physicochemical traits such as enhanced oxidative stability, polymorphic control favoring β′ crystals, and amphiphilic interfacial behavior. These properties render it valuable in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and oleochemical industries. This review comprehensively explores PeA’s biosynthesis, emphasizing acyl-ACP pathways and metabolic engineering strategies to enhance accumulation in plants and microbes. Various extraction methods, including green alternatives such as ultrasound-assisted and supercritical CO₂ extraction, are evaluated for efficiency and sustainability. PeA undergoes selective chemical transformations (e.g., epoxidation, ozonolysis) and enzymatic modifications, facilitating its application in surfactants, polymers, and bio-based lubricants. Functionally, PeA supports structured emulsions, improves product stability, and promotes health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and metabolic regulatory effects. Challenges in biosynthetic yield, industrial scalability, and bioavailability are also discussed. Ultimately, PeA emerges as a promising bioactive lipid, with future potential dependent on integrated efforts in green chemistry, biotechnology, and health research.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01046-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of phenyl-oxime derivatives as selective algicides for harmful algae","authors":"Yeo Jin Kim,&nbsp;Jun Young Lee,&nbsp;Bong Gyu Choi,&nbsp;Jin-Seog Kim,&nbsp;Hasoo Seong,&nbsp;Chul Min Park,&nbsp;Seok Ki Min,&nbsp;Hyun-Suk Yeom,&nbsp;Joon-Ho Lee","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01049-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01049-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01049-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psyllium–kojic acid coatings modulate antioxidant metabolism and delay quality deterioration in ready-to-eat pomegranate arils during cold storage","authors":"Maryam M. Alomran,&nbsp;Emad H. Khedr","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01054-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01054-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The rapid deterioration of ready-to-eat pomegranate arils during cold storage remains a major challenge limiting their commercial distribution and consumer acceptance. This study evaluated the effectiveness of psyllium (PSY) and kojic acid (KA), applied individually or in combination (PSY + KA), as natural coating agents for preserving quality, extending storage life, and suppressing microbial growth in minimally processed pomegranate arils during cold storage.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Pomegranate arils coated with PSY + KA and stored at 4 ± 1 °C and 90–95% relative humidity for 12 days exhibited superior preservation compared with untreated and individually treated samples. The combined coating showed favorable barrier properties, creating a modified internal atmosphere that supported quality retention. PSY + KA-treated arils maintained significantly higher antioxidant capacity, reflected by enhanced DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, together with increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) and key phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, and caffeic acid <i>O</i>-methyltransferase). These biochemical responses were associated with enhanced phenolic metabolism, reduced oxidative stress, delayed senescence, and improved preservation of color, nutritional quality, and sensory attributes. Moreover, PSY + KA reduced microbial proliferation by more than 30% compared with the control, demonstrating an antimicrobial effect.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The combined PSY + KA coating effectively enhanced the postharvest quality and storage stability of minimally processed pomegranate arils by improving barrier properties, stimulating antioxidant and phenylpropanoid metabolism, mitigating oxidative stress, delaying senescence, and suppressing microbial growth. These findings highlight PSY + KA as a promising natural coating strategy for extending the shelf life and maintaining the marketability of ready-to-eat pomegranate arils.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01054-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel green formulation of Trichoderma asperellum as an effective field antiviral candidate for sustainable eco-friendly management of potato virus Y","authors":"Mohamed N. Rizk,&nbsp;Hammad A. Ketta,&nbsp;Yasser M. Shabana","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01053-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01053-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Potato virus Y (PVY) is the most destructive virus affecting potato plants and ranks the fifth most economically significant plant virus worldwide. It continues to pose a serious threat to global potato production. This study aimed to develop a <i>Trichoderma</i>-based bioformulation for combating PVY under field conditions.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Formulating biocontrol agents offers multiple advantages, including enhanced sustainability, improved efficacy, and ease of application. Screening experiments identified formula No. 6 (79 ml TCF + 18 ml garlic oil) as exhibiting the highest anti-PVY activity; thus, it was selected for further evaluation of its protective and post-inoculation suppressive effects under both growth chamber and open field conditions. In the growth chamber experiment, qPCR analysis revealed that treatment C3 (20 ml L⁻¹) outperformed C1 (5 ml L⁻¹) and C2 (10 ml L⁻¹) in both protective and post-inoculation applications, reducing PVY content by 100% and 78.33% (protective) and 89.92% and 75.66% (post-inoculation) relative to the PVY-infected control at 21 and 42 dpi, respectively. Additionally, C3 treatment markedly upregulated PR1-b gene expression and increased total phenol and flavonoid contents. In open field trials, the C3 treatment effectively protected and reduced the PVY content in the treated PVY-infected potato plants by 92% (post-inoculation double spray), 86% (protective), and 72% (post-inoculation single spray) compared with the PVY-infected control. The post-inoculation (double spray) treatment significantly reduced disease incidence and severity by 60.26% and 70.10%, respectively. In addition, this treatment significantly improved plant growth parameters compared with the PVY-infected control, resulting in increases of 19.45% in chlorophyll content, 30.23% in fresh weight, and 90.50% in dry weight.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings suggest that the formulation is a promising candidate for sustainable PVY management, although further validation is needed before commercial application. The developed product has been submitted to the Egyptian Patent Office.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01053-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive components and in vitro antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Ulmus pumila","authors":"Dongwei Wei,&nbsp;Bingge Su,&nbsp;Xin Liu,&nbsp;Wuyong Sun,&nbsp;Wenfeng Wang,&nbsp;Fude Shang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00993-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00993-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Ulmus pumila</i> (<i>U. pumila</i>) is a widely distributed plant resource with important ecological value and a history of medicinal and edible use. However, the distribution of its bioactive components and associated biological activities across different plant parts and developmental stages remains insufficiently understood.In this study, aqueous extracts from the bark, leaves (at different developmental stages), and fruits of <i>U. pumila</i> were systematically investigated. UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, combined with standard colorimetric assays, were used to characterize major bioactive components, while antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated. In addition, a validated LC–MS/MS method based on 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid–methanol was established for the simultaneous baseline separation and quantification of six representative phenolic compounds within 8 min.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The bark exhibited the highest levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, as well as the strongest antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Leaf extracts showed stage-dependent variation, with June leaves displaying higher antioxidant activity and October leaves showing stronger α-glucosidase inhibition. Total phenolics ranged from 15.336 to 29.854 mg GAE/g DW across samples. The LC–MS/MS method showed good linearity, precision, repeatability, and recovery. Six phenolic compounds were quantified, with chlorogenic acid as the predominant component (1.44–13.76 mg/g DW), followed by epicatechin and catechin. Correlation analysis indicated that phenolics and polysaccharides were significantly associated with antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings provide a comparative understanding of bioactive component distribution across plant parts and developmental stages of <i>U. pumila</i>. They also support its potential utilization as a natural source of bioactive compounds for agricultural and health-related applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00993-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating preceding crop sequences with foliar-applied boron to enhance soil fertility, yield formation, and sugar beet quality in a semi-arid ecosystem","authors":"Moamen M. Abou El-Enin,&nbsp;Ibrahim S.H. Elgamal,&nbsp;Asem M.K. Abd-Rabboh,&nbsp;Mostafa G. Shahin,&nbsp;Ahmed Shaaban","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01043-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01043-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Optimizing sugar beet productivity and sustainability requires integrating nutrient management with preceding crop sequence (PCS) strategies. However, foliar boron (B) efficacy relies heavily on the biological legacy and fertility status created by the PCS, which alters soil fertility and plant physiological responses. This study evaluated the interactive effects of PCS and foliar B on soil properties, sugar beet yield, and system sustainability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A two-season strip-plot field experiment (2023/24 and 2024/25) in a complete randomized block design with three replications was conducted in Egypt using sugar beet cv. “BTS 195”. The vertical strips were assigned to four PCS treatments: rice-fallow (PCS-I), rice-clover (PCS-II), soybean-fallow (PCS-III), and soybean-clover (PCS-IV), whereas the horizontal strips were allocated to four foliar-applied B at 0 (B&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;), 100 (B&lt;sub&gt;100&lt;/sub&gt;), 200 (B&lt;sub&gt;200&lt;/sub&gt;), and 300 (B&lt;sub&gt;300&lt;/sub&gt;) mg L⁻¹, applied 60- and 80-days post-sowing. Soil chemistry, plant physio-biochemical traits, sugar yield, and economic sustainability indices were assessed. Multivariate analyses (correlation heatmap and PCA) were performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;PCS fundamentally shaped the agronomic baseline, while B acted as a physiological regulator. Compared to PCS-I, PCS-IV enhanced soil organic carbon by 7.0%, soil fertility index by 10.0%, and available N and P (by 17.0% and by 34.0%, respectively). However, this soil enrichment under PCS-IV did not translate to optimal yield; instead, it increased root K⁺ and Na⁺ accumulation, which raised sugar loss to molasses by 31.4%. Conversely, PCS-III maximized crop performance relative to PCS-IV, significantly increasing leaf area index (LAI; by 65.4%), shoot biomass by 49.0%, and root yield by 12.7%, which drove a 14.7% increase in gross sugar yield due to superior assimilate partitioning. Boron applications were trait-specific: 200 mg L⁻¹ optimized canopy growth (LAI by 27.8%) and biomass, whereas 300 mg L⁻¹ maximized root and sugar yields (by 7.5% and 9.3% over 100 mg L⁻¹, respectively). Significant PCS × B interactions revealed a productivity-driven pathway (PCS-III combined with 200–300 mg L⁻¹ B) generating the highest physiological efficiency, and a soil-fertility-driven pathway (PCS-IV with 300 mg L⁻¹ B). Economically, the PCS-II × 300 mg L⁻¹ B interaction balanced rotation performance, achieving the highest net profit and sustainability index (by 18.6% over control), while PCS-II and PCS-IV improved land-use efficiency. Multivariate analyses identified a productivity-driven pathway (PCS-III × 200 mg L⁻¹ B) and a soil-fertility-driven pathway (PCS-IV × 300 mg L⁻¹ B).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The interplay between crop sequence and boron nutrition strongly dictates sugar beet outcomes. PCS-III, combined with moderate-to-high B (200–300 mg L⁻¹), optimally maximizes physiological activity, biomass, and sugar yield. Alternative","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01043-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acaricidal activity of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from unripe fruits of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. against Tetranychus urticae Koch","authors":"Salwa M. El-Sayed,&nbsp;Amany M. Ahmed,&nbsp;Heba M. Emam","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01031-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01031-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tetranychus urticae&lt;/i&gt; Koch, is a globally significant agricultural pest. Its rapid development of resistance to conventional acaricides poses a major challenge to effective control. Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach in agriculture, particularly through the synthesis of eco-friendly nanoparticles using natural plant extracts. This study evaluates the acaricidal efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from &lt;i&gt;Solanum elaeagnifolium&lt;/i&gt; unripe fruit extract against adult females of &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;urticae&lt;/i&gt;. Characterization via UV-Vis, FT-IR, DLS, TEM, &lt;i&gt;and&lt;/i&gt; zeta potential analysis confirmed the formation of stable, well-dispersed AgNPs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reaction color of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from pale-brown to dark brown indicated that the nanoparticles were successfully formed. TEM image of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibited spherical shapes with a zeta potential of − 11.8 mV. The results indicated an increasing trend of mortality percentage along with the increasing concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from unripe &lt;i&gt;S. elaeagnifolium&lt;/i&gt; fruit extract. Silver nanoparticles of synthesized from unripe &lt;i&gt;S. elaeagnifolium&lt;/i&gt; were significantly effective against &lt;i&gt;T. urticae&lt;/i&gt;. The highest mortality 85 ± 0.20% was observed for 20 µg/mL concentration after 72 h. Whereas, lowest mortality percentage were recorded 5 ± 0.78 and 10 ± 0.35% respectively after 24 h at concentrations 5 and 10 (µg/mL). Also, the average number of immature stages produced by the surviving &lt;i&gt;T. urticae&lt;/i&gt; females were sharply decreased after treatment with varying concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from unripe &lt;i&gt;S. elaeagnifolium&lt;/i&gt; fruits. The LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value dropped significantly from 25.559 µg/mL after 24 h while, reaching its lowest value of 8.937 µg/mL after 72 h of exposure. A similar decreasing trend was observed for LC&lt;sub&gt;90&lt;/sub&gt; values, which declined from 80.788 µg/mL (24 h) to 44.669 µg/mL (72 h) against &lt;i&gt;T. urticae&lt;/i&gt;. The toxicity index was recorded 100% and The Resistance Ratio (RR) = (1.00) after 72 h of treatment. &lt;i&gt;T. urticae&lt;/i&gt; exhibited an RR value of 2.86 at 24 h. Biochemically, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at 20 µg/mL significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, while glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels increased significantly after 72 h. Docking findings demonstrated that &lt;i&gt;S. elaeagnifolium&lt;/i&gt;-mediated AgNPs support a possible role of enzymatic disruption (AChE and GST) of &lt;i&gt;T. urticae&lt;/i&gt;. The components of unripe &lt;i&gt;S. elaeagnifolium&lt;/i&gt; fruits were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The major constituents are oleic acid, 13-octadecenoic acid, Z-2-tridecen-1-ol and Z, Z-2,5-pentadecadien-1-ol and α-tocopherol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prolonged exposure ensures continuous absorption and accumulation of the active ingredients of plant ex","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01031-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining the vegetation indices and bionic optimization random forest for predicting SPAD values in maize leaves","authors":"Fu Zhang,&nbsp;Baoping Yan,&nbsp;Le Yang,&nbsp;Fangyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yakun Zhang,&nbsp;Yafei Wang,&nbsp;Sanling Fu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01033-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01033-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Leaf Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) is an important physiological index reflecting the healthy growth and development of maize. Accurate estimation of leaf SPAD by vegetation indices is of great significance for regulating maize growth, optimizing nutrient management and improving yield formation. However, there is a lack of automated and transferable parameter adjustment processes for machine learning based on hyperspectral data characteristics at the field scale.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A bionic optimization random forest (BO-RF) based on the spectral vegetation indices was proposed to predict the SPAD value of maize leaves. The SPAD and spectral reflectance of maize leaves at key growth stages were obtained by field experiments, and the pretreatment methods and predictors with the strongest correlation with SPAD were selected. Parrot optimization (PO), catch fishing optimization algorithm (CFOA), goose optimization (GOOSE) and RF predictor were combined to compare the SPAD inversion models of maize leaves. The results showed that the V12 and R1 stages were the characteristic growth stages of SPAD values of maize leaves. The GOOSE-RF under the driving of vegetation indices after SG-SNV pretreatment performed best, the test set <i>R</i>² and RMSE of which were 0.73 and 2.68 respectively. Compared with RF, PO-RF and CFOA-RF, the prediction accuracy of GOOSE-RF model were improved by 15.87%, 12.31% and 7.35% respectively.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The PO, CFOA and GOOSE algorithms improved the RF model in the generalization ability of the model, suppressing overfitting and optimizing parameter configuration. In summary, the BO-RF method with sensitive vegetation indices as input could provide a theoretical basis for spectral monitoring of crop leaf nutrition information.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01033-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of Astragalus polysaccharides against paraquat-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","authors":"Hongkun Xue,&nbsp;Chunhong Chen,&nbsp;Haochun Qiao,&nbsp;Xu Cai,&nbsp;Meng Luo,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Jiaqi Tan","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01020-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01020-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease associated with an extremely poor prognosis. The protective effect of <i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharides (APs) on paraquat (PQ)-induced IPF in rats is not yet clear.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>APs significantly improved the physiological status of IPF rats, alleviated body weight loss, and increased survival rate. APs reduced the lung index and pulmonary hydroxyproline (HYP) content, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), restored cytokine levels, and attenuated alveolar inflammation and extracellular collagen deposition. Moreover, 16 S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that APs improved the abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Actinobacteria</i>, inhibited the abnormal proliferation of <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, and reshaped gut homeostasis. Furthermore, non-targeted metabolomics found that APs down-regulated metabolites, including proline and 5,6‑dihydrouracil, while up-regulating uracil, beta‑alanine, carnosine, and beta‑aminoisobutyrate. The results of western blotting showed that APs could up-regulate the expression levels of key proteins in the β‑alanine metabolic pathway, including UPB1, ABAT, CNDP1, and CARNS1.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides important references for the development of APs as natural anti-inflammatory ingredients or intestinal microbiota regulators in the pharmaceutical field.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01020-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of Sophora japonica L. leaf extract and its application for corrosion inhibition of X52 steel in hydrochloric acid","authors":"Yuxuan Guo,&nbsp;Hualiang Huang,&nbsp;Gangliang Huang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01017-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01017-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>X52 steel exhibits a high susceptibility to corrosion within hydrochloric acid environments. In order to formulate an effective and eco-friendly corrosion inhibition strategy, a phytochemical-rich <i>Sophora japonica</i> L. leaf extract (SJLE) was acquired by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Electrochemical tests, surface analysis, and theoretical calculations were employed to evaluate its performance.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that 500 ppm SJLE alone achieved 72.83% corrosion inhibition efficiency, while a combination with 10 mM (1660 ppm) KI significantly enhanced this to 92.48%, with a synergism parameter confirming strong positive synergy. Surface characterizations confirmed the formation of a dense, uniform protective film, and quantum chemical calculations revealed that the main active components, quercetin and rutin, adsorbed onto the Fe(110) surface primarily through electron donation from O- and C-centered functional groups.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This work demonstrates the promising potential of the SJLE-KI system as an eco-friendly and high-performance corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic media.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01017-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}