Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"The global energy challenge: second-generation feedstocks on marginal lands for a sustainable biofuel production","authors":"Claudio Russo,&nbsp;Valerio Cirillo,&nbsp;Nausicaa Pollaro,&nbsp;Fabio Terribile,&nbsp;Andrea Chiodini,&nbsp;Albino Maggio","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00729-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00729-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the global population continues to grow, so does the demand for energy resources. As a consequence, using renewable energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels has become mandatory to reduce the environmental footprint of the energy sector. Biofuels represent a renewable source of energy, but their production has raised concerns regarding their possible impacts on food security. Indeed, the current biofuel production primarily relies on food crops and arable lands. That is in conflict with the need to produce more food for an increasing world population. To overcome this incongruence, it is proposed to cultivate second-generation biofuel crops on marginal lands, since this option could bring benefits in terms of food security and sustainability. Based on the scientific literature, we addressed the following critical points: (i) whether marginal land worldwide can be considered a reasonable alternative to arable lands for biofuel production; (ii) evaluate the sustainability of biofuel production with respect to unintended negative consequences of crop cultivation such as indirect land use change, social insecurity and loss of biodiversity. It was concluded that the amount of land for growing plants can possibly sustain both food and biofuel production if marginal land are included. In this context, it becomes a priority to select biofuel crops with high productivity on marginal lands and pronounced resilience and adaptability traits. Underutilized crops such as <i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>, <i>Ricinus communis</i>, <i>Brassica carinata</i>, <i>Camelina sativa</i> etc. may fit the purpose and may represent a valuable alternative to first-generation feedstock because they require minimal agronomical input. Using underutilized crops on marginal lands can also provide important ecological services, including improving soil fertility and water regulation, increasing biodiversity and reducing soil erosion. To fully exploit this option, it will be critical to calibrate plant growth models to estimate the potential biofuel production on marginal land from second-generation feedstock and to create tools for a more rational management of this land.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00729-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of compounds against atherosclerosis induced by ox-LDL based on cell extraction/UPLC–MS/MS from mulberry twigs and their mechanistic analysis","authors":"Zhihui Jin,&nbsp;Wei Xiang,&nbsp;Xiaowen Shi,&nbsp;Fenglin Jiang,&nbsp;Yanan Jia,&nbsp;Yuansong Zhang,&nbsp;Lingshu Zeng,&nbsp;Xianzhi Huang,&nbsp;Li Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00709-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00709-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mulberry twigs, a traditional Chinese medicinal and agricultural byproduct, contain bioactive compounds with anti-atherosclerotic potential. This study aims to identify and evaluate the effects of key compounds in mulberry twig extracts (MTEs) on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), with a focus on understanding how these compounds modulate oxidative stress and related signaling pathways.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Biospecific cell extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) were employed to screen and identify these compounds. Protective effects were assessed by measuring cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, along with detecting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) using 2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and dihydroethidine (DHE) probes. Real-time qPCR and Western blotting were used for mRNA and protein level analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Two novel active compounds, Kuwanon H and Morusin, and the known Kuwanon G, were identified. They significantly reduced MDA and ROS levels while increasing SOD activity in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Kuwanon H was particularly effective, enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) activity and upregulating its target genes Heme oxygenase-1 (<i>HO-1</i>) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (<i>NQO-1</i>).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, Kuwanon H, Morusin, and Kuwanon G effectively protected HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced oxidative injury, with Kuwanon H showing the strongest protective effects via the Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These compounds hold potential in treating atherosclerosis and related oxidative stress diseases.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00709-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical properties, structure, growth-promoting and antioxidant activities of Glycyrrhiza leaf polysaccharides modified by fermentation","authors":"Juan Du,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Xia Li,&nbsp; Zhalaga,&nbsp;Na Liu,&nbsp;Wenwen Wang,&nbsp;Jingwei Qi,&nbsp;Xiaoli Fan,&nbsp;Xiaoping An","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00722-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00722-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermentation on the physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activities of <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf, compare the structures of unfermented (GLP) and fermented (FGLP) polysaccharides, and assess their growth-promoting and antioxidant activities using zebrafish embryos. The results showed that the polysaccharide content, extract yield, and reduced sugar content of <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf increased significantly after 36 h of fermentation. In parallel, in vitro antioxidant activities assays demonstrated that <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf fermented for 36 h exhibited strong DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and reducing power. Scanning electron microscope and infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed differences in the surface morphology of unfermented and fermented <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf, with both polysaccharides being acidic and containing pyranose rings and α-glycosidic bonds. The molecular weight of FGLP was lower than that of GLP, and the molar ratios of guluronic acid, amino glucose, glucuronic acid, glucose, xylose, and arabinose were increased. In the zebrafish model, <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf polysaccharides promoted the growth and development of zebrafish embryos, with the most pronounced effect at a concentration of 20 µg/mL after fermentation. FGLP exhibited superior protective effects against lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride. The findings demonstrated that fermentation could enhance the utilization of <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf polysaccharides and their antioxidant capacity. These findings opened avenues for further research into the bioavailability of FGLP in vivo and offered valuable insights into its potential as a natural and innovative antioxidant.</p><p><b>Highlights</b></p><ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Variations on physicochemical parameters and antioxidant activity were tracked during fermentation.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Fermentation should last for 36 h based on the dynamic changes.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The molecular weight of polysaccharides decreased after fermentation.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>FGLP has growth-promoting and developmental effects on zebrafish.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>FGLP exhibited superior protective effects against lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by AAPH.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00722-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of light quality on the profiling of metabolites and the status of Lactobacillus community in the phyllosphere of hydroponically grown ginseng","authors":"Nooruddin Bin Sadiq,&nbsp;Ji-Eun Lee,&nbsp;Muhammad Hamayun,&nbsp;Seda Nur Kabadayı,&nbsp;Na-Yun Park,&nbsp;Bokyung Lee,&nbsp;Ho-Youn Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00725-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00725-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The microbial community within the phyllosphere plays a critical role in plant health and growth by facilitating nutrient uptake, inducing resistance and enhancing tolrance to stress. Environmental factors, such as light intensity and quality, are known to influence the composition and function of phyllosphere microbiota. In hydroponic systems, these interactions are particularly relevant, as they can significantly affect plant growth and yield. Based on the potential of controlled environments to shape both plant and microbial responses, the impact of different light conditions on the phyllosphere microbiota is crucial for plant health and productivity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study evaluated two Korean ginseng varieties exposed to different LED light treatments in a hydroponic system. Metabolite profiling and ginsenoside content were analysed, while bacterial abundance in the phyllosphere was quantified. Detailed insights into the microbial community were obtained through 16S rRNA sequencing. A multivariate analysis was performed to distinguish the effects of different LED treatments of the phyllosphere microbiota.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carbohydrates were most abundant in treatments with flouresence light (FL), blue light (BL), and red light (RD), while treatments with dark (DK), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) light exhibited higher levels of amino acids and organic acids. Minor ginsenoside content was significantly higher in Gumpoong (V2) variety compared to the Yunpoong (V1). Light intensity had a direct impact on the composition of the phyllosphere microbiota, with specific microorganisms being associated with each ginseng variety under different LED light exposures. Organic acids and amino acids positively influenced the abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Ni-trospirae, while Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria correlated significantly with carbohydrate levels. Proteobacteria remained stable under IR treatment, constituting over 80% in V2 and 60% in V1, while UV light promoted microbial stability in V2 and fostered more diverse ecosystems in V1, both characterized by richness in organic acids and amino acids. &lt;i&gt;Lactiplantibacillus plantarum&lt;/i&gt; was the only lactic acid bacterium detected in both varieties, with higher abundance in V2, indicating its potential ubiquity across different ginseng types.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Current findings showed that LED light treatments significantly influenced the metabolite profiles and phyllosphere microbiota of hydroponically grown Korean ginseng. Specific light conditions, such as blue, red, and infrared, promoted distinct microbial communities and enhanced the production of key metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, and ginsenosides. The presence &lt;i&gt;L. plantarum&lt;/i&gt;, highlights the potential of ginseng as a functional food with probiotic properties. This study provides valuable insights into optimizi","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00725-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on application of green-synthesized ZnO and Si nanoparticles in enhancing aquaculture sediment quality","authors":"Yaoqiang Zhu,&nbsp;Weidong Li,&nbsp;Waqas Ahmed,&nbsp;Mohsin Mahmood,&nbsp;Hayssam M. Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan,&nbsp;Jochen Bundschuh,&nbsp;Muhammad Akmal,&nbsp;Sajid Mehmood","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00716-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00716-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fishpond sediments (FPS) are rich in organic carbon and nutrients, making them valuable as fertilizers and soil conditioners. Stabilizing heavy metals like chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) is essential to reduce their bioavailability and risks. This study evaluates zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon (Si) nanoparticles synthesized from <i>Azolla pinnata</i> and <i>Equisetum arvense</i> for heavy metal immobilization and nutrient enhancement in FPS from San Jiang (SJ) and Tan Niu (TN), China.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nanoparticles were synthesized using Azolla pinnata and Equisetum arvense. Fishpond sediments from San Jiang (SJ) and Tan Niu (TN) were treated with ZnO and Si nanoparticles. Heavy metals and nutrients were analyzed via ICP-OES and soil analysis, while sequential extraction assessed metal distribution in geochemical fractions.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The application of these nanoparticles, especially the green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (GSZnONPs), was found to significantly reduce the concentrations of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in both the overlying and pore water of the FPS. This reduction not only minimizes the leachability of these heavy metals, but also substantially decreases their bioavailability. The study recorded a notable shift in the acid-soluble metal fraction, resulting in an average reduction of Cr concentrations by 31–28%, Cu by 18–21%, and Zn by 32–23% in the sediments from San Jiang (SJ) and Tan Niu (TN). Moreover, the application of these nanoparticles also improved the nutrient profile of the sediments, potentially enhancing their utility as fertilizers.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Zinc oxide and silicon nanoparticles synthesized from <i>Azolla pinnata</i> and <i>Equisetum arvense</i> are effective in immobilizing heavy metals in fishpond sediments, significantly reducing their bioavailability and potential environmental risks. The use of these green-synthesized nanoparticles not only mitigates heavy metal contamination, but also enhances the nutrient content of the sediments, making them more suitable for use as soil conditioners and fertilizers. This dual benefit highlights the potential of these nanoparticles as a sustainable solution for managing contaminated fishpond sediments while contributing to agricultural productivity.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00716-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene family reveals the positive role of NtSPS5 and NtSPS6 in drought stress tolerance of tobacco","authors":"Bingyu Li,&nbsp;Huan Su,&nbsp;Shuaibin Wang,&nbsp;Junping Gao,&nbsp;Zhong Wang,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Xin Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00727-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00727-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is an important enzyme in the sucrose synthesis of plants, governing the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic assimilates, which is essential for plant growth and stress tolerance.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study successfully identified eight <i>NtSPS</i> genes within the genome of cultivated tobacco. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are categorized into three subfamilies, a classification supported by the examination of their gene structures and conserved domains. The promoters of the <i>NtSPSs</i> contained a variety of cis-elements associated with plant development, responses to phytohormones, and stress resistance. Expression profiling demonstrated that <i>NtSPS</i> genes exhibit distinct expression patterns across different tissues and under various stress conditions. Notably, the majority of <i>NtSPS</i> genes, especially <i>NtSPS5</i> and <i>NtSPS6</i>, showed high expression in leaves and increased expression in both roots and leaves following drought treatment. Furthermore, overexpression of <i>NtSPS5</i> and <i>NtSPS6</i> in tobacco plants significantly improved the germination rate under mannitol treatment and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes along with chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under drought stress. These results suggest that <i>NtSPS5</i> and <i>NtSPS6</i> have a positive impact on drought stress tolerance in tobacco plants.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Therefore, this study provides the significant target in drought resistance breeding and lays the foundation for further investigation into the function and regulatory mechanisms of <i>SPS</i> genes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00727-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of DnaJA proteins in Nicotiana tabacum reveals NtDnaJA3 responses to drought stress","authors":"Qiao Wang,&nbsp;Lijun Meng,&nbsp;Zechao Qu,&nbsp;Huan Su,&nbsp;Jiemeng Tao,&nbsp;Peng Lu,&nbsp;Chenfeng Hua,&nbsp;Jinbang Wang,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhang,&nbsp;Peijian Cao,&nbsp;Jingjing Jin","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00726-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00726-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>DnaJA proteins, a prominent subfamily of the DnaJ family, function as molecular chaperones that respond to various external stresses. Extensive studies on the DnaJ family have been conducted in plants. However, research on this subfamily in tobacco remains relatively scarce.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we identified 24 DnaJA genes in tobacco, and classified them into three individual groups. A comprehensive analysis based on gene structure, motif composition, and evolutionary pattern revealed the divergence of tobacco DnaJA genes. For the evolution of the <i>NtDnaJA</i> genes, purification selection was the major factor. In addition, the potential regulatory network unveiled that <i>NtDnaJA</i>s could be regulated by miRNAs and various transcription factors associated with diverse stress responses. Through expression pattern analysis of public RNA-seq datasets and qRT-PCR experiments, it was observed that many <i>NtDnaJAs</i> displayed tissue-specific expression and might play significant roles in different biotic and abiotic stresses. Additionally, the pivotal role of <i>NtDnaJA3</i> in boosting plant drought resistance was confirmed.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides important perspectives on the evolution of <i>NtDnaJA</i> genes and their involvement in stress responses, laying the groundwork for future research into the roles of DnaJA regulatory genes in tobacco.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00726-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of trichloroisocyanuric acid in controlling kiwifruit bacterial canker disease demonstrates its promising potential as an eco-friendly bactericide","authors":"Jianyou Gao,&nbsp;Jiewei Li,&nbsp;Cuixia Liu,&nbsp;Hongjuan Gong,&nbsp;Beibei Qi,&nbsp;Rongxiang Zhu,&nbsp;Liming Xia,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Shibiao Liu,&nbsp;Qiaosheng Jiang,&nbsp;Kaiyu Ye,&nbsp;Faming Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00724-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00724-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing concerns over food safety have intensified calls for alternatives to toxic pesticides in agriculture. Despite these concerns, the global agricultural industry remains heavily reliant on chemical pesticides to maintain crop yields. However, the overuse of these chemicals has resulted in significant biodiversity loss and environmental degradation, highlighting the urgent need for safer, non-toxic, and sustainable alternatives. Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), a cost-effective and relatively safe industrial oxidant commonly used for disinfection, has shown potential for plant disease management. However, its application in this context remains largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of TCCA in controlling <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i> (Psa), the causative agent of bacterial canker in kiwifruit, and explore its underlying mechanisms of action. Our results demonstrate that TCCA effectively inhibits Psa growth in vitro, even at low concentrations, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20 mg/L (TCCA added directly to the Psa suspension) and 100 mg/L (Psa cells mixed with liquid LB medium before adding TCC). In vivo, TCCA treatment at a concentration of 500 mg/L substantially reduced Psa colonization on both kiwifruit leaves and canes, outperforming conventional bactericides such as copper hydroxide, chlorothalonil, and ethylicin, as well as alternative treatments like pyraclostrobin-dysonline and Xinjunan acetate. Mechanistic investigations revealed that TCCA inhibited bacterial biofilm formation, impaired motility, disrupted cell integrity, and suppressed the expression of virulence-related genes, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. Additionally, TCCA treatment of both healthy and infected canes induced the activity of key defense-related enzymes, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), suggesting that TCCA may activate systemic plant defense responses. These findings position TCCA as a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to traditional toxic bactericides, offering a sustainable and effective solution for plant disease management with reduced ecological risks.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00724-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel glucan from Sparassis latifolia: purification, structural characterization and protective effect on gastric mucosal cells against ethanol-induced damage","authors":"Mengyu Wang,&nbsp;Guoying Lv,&nbsp;Ruimeng Zhao,&nbsp;Weiming Cai,&nbsp;Zuofa Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00723-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00723-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Sparassis latifolia</i> is a rare edible mushroom with many pharmacological activities. Active screening found that the crude polysaccharide from this mushroom (SLP) exhibited noticeable gastroprotective effects. However, it remains unclear regarding the underlying regulatory mechanism of the gastroprotective effects of SLP. A novel polysaccharide SLP-2 was purified from the fruiting bodies of <i>S. latifolia</i>, and characterized using FT-IR, HPAEC, SEM, SEC–MALLS-RI, methylation, and NMR analysis. Structural characterization revealed that the backbone of SLP-2 was mainly composed of → 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → , → 3)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → and → 3,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → . The branched chain primarily consisted of β-D-Glcp-(1 → linked to the sugar residue → 3, 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → at the O-6 position and → 3,4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → at the O-4 position. Physiological experimental results demonstrated that SLP-2 effectively protected GES-1 cells against ethanol-induced damage by suppressing intracellular ROS levels and cell apoptosis while elevating the activities of SOD and CAT enzymes. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed molecular mechanisms underlying the gastroprotective effect of SLP-2, with KEGG enrichment suggesting associations with ferroptosis, TNF, PI3K–Akt, MAPK and IL-17 signaling pathways. These findings provide a technological foundation for valuable utilization of <i>S. latifolia</i> and emphasize the potential application of SLP-2 in repairing gastric mucosal injuries.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00723-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers enhances soil organic carbon sequestration and crop productivity by improving carbon stability and management index in a rice–rice cropping system","authors":"Hu Xu,&nbsp;Adnan Mustafa,&nbsp;Qudsia Saeed,&nbsp;Guiying Jiang,&nbsp;Nan Sun,&nbsp;Kailou Liu,&nbsp;Jiri Kucerik,&nbsp;Xueyun Yang,&nbsp;Minggang Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00721-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00721-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil organic carbon (OC) sequestration in farmlands can be improved through fertilizer applications, particularly with the addition of organic amendments. However, our knowledge of the effects of long-term different fertilization on OC chemical stability and carbon management index (CMI), as well as their response to crop productivity remains limited in rice–rice cropping system. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of fertilization on various OC sequestration indicators in bulk soil and chemical fractions, and establish their relationships with crop productivity. The treatments selected in the present study were those which had undergone long-term fertilization under double-rice cropping including: (1) no fertilization (CK); (2) combined application of chemical nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium fertilizers (NPK); (3) the doubled rate of NPK treatment (2NPK); and (4) NPK treatment plus organic fertilizers (NPKM). After 29 years of fertilization, we observed that NPKM resulted in the highest OC stocks (11.47 and 26.15 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively) and distribution ratios (24 and 54%, respectively) in the less-labile fraction and passive pool. Conversely, it showed the lowest OC values in the labile fraction and active pool compared to CK, NPK, and 2NPK treatments. Additionally, NPKM significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) increased CMI (by 47 and 33%) over CK and NPK treatments, which suggests that soil receiving NPKM was better managed. Apart from maintaining higher crop yields and increasing OC input, NPKM also tremendously enhanced OC sequestration as indicated by the highest soil OC stock (48.80 Mg ha⁻¹) and OC sequestration rate (CSR, 0.37 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). There was an increasing trend of CSR and passive OC pool, but a decreasing trend of carbon sequestration efficiency with increasing OC input, which may be associated with OC saturation behavior of soil. Furthermore, crop yield showed significant positive linear correlations with passive OC pool and CMI. In summary, long-term combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers enhanced OC sequestration and crop productivity by improving passive OC pool and CMI, which contributed to realize agricultural sustainability in double-cropping rice regions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00721-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}