Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Microbial functional diversity indicators in vineyard soils under organic and biodynamic land management","authors":"Tábata A. Bublitz,&nbsp;Heberto Rodas-Gaitan,&nbsp;Rainer Georg Joergensen,&nbsp;Vincent Masson,&nbsp;Juergen Fritz","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00766-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00766-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>An on-vineyard approach was used to investigate the effects of biodynamic (BD) preparations on microbial functional diversity and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in four vineyards on different bedrocks under organic management.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), multi-substrate-induced respiration (MSIR), with 17 substrates and H₂O, EPS, and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) were measured in soils taken from vineyards without (BD -) and with (BD +) biodynamic preparations.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>All parameters showed a significant vineyard effect due to specific soil types, and all, except GRSP and the GRSP/EPS-prot, showed an effect of BD preparations. BD + resulted in significant increases in MBC, MBC/SOC, EPS-carbohydrates and respiratory response for most vineyards but a significant decrease in the <i>q</i>CO₂ values. The significant increases in mean SOC, Total N, CO₂C, and the ratios EPS-carb/EPS-prot with BD +, as well as decreases in mean EPS-proteins and the ratios EPS-carb/MBC and EPS-prot/MBC were not reflected by significant differences between the individual vineyards. GRSP was negatively related to the microbial respiratory response of all substrates added.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The significant effects of vineyard are closely connected to soil pH and texture. The significant increases in BD +, visible in MBC, MBC/SOC and EPS-carbohydrates, and the latter positive correlation with the respiratory response demonstrates an improvement of soil chemical and biological properties for most vineyards. Lower ratios of EPS-carb/MBC, EPS-prot/MBC and amounts of EPS-protein indicate that soil microorganisms diverted less substrate to the formation of EPS and more to the production of microbial biomass. GRSP and GRSP/EPS-prot did not show any explainable pattern. Future investigations on soil structure might be of benefit for studies on the effect of BD preparations in vineyards.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00766-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commensal Lactobacillus stimulates the intestinal methionine metabolism of weaning piglets by reshaping gut microbiota and metabolites","authors":"Woong Ji Lee,&nbsp;Anna Kang,&nbsp;Min-Jin Kwak,&nbsp;Sangdon Ryu,&nbsp;Hyeon-Jin Kim,&nbsp;Minho Song,&nbsp;Younghoon Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00771-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00771-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The mammalian gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex microbiome essential for sustaining host health, particularly during pivotal stages such as weaning in piglets. Weaning represents a significant stressor, leading to substantial shifts in the gut microbiota composition and functionality. This study investigated the impact of weaning stress on the gut microbiome and metabolite profiles of piglets, focusing on how methionine supplementation influences gut health and physiological development.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A multiomics approach that integrates metagenomics, metabolomics, culturomics, and transcriptomics was employed to characterize the gut microbiota before and after weaning. During the weaning period, weaning stress was characterized by a reduction in the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, particularly a significant decrease in commensal <i>Lactobacillus</i> species, such as <i>L. mucosae</i>, <i>L. reuteri</i>, and <i>L. amylovorus</i>. Metabolomic analysis further revealed reductions in methionine and other metabolites associated with methionine metabolism and reductions in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and lipid-related metabolites. Analysis of culture supernatants from <i>Lactobacillus</i> isolates demonstrated that these commensal <i>Lactobacillus</i> produced methionine, methionine-related metabolites, and BCAAs, highlighting a close relationship between methionine and commensal <i>Lactobacillus</i> abundance under weaning stress. Moreover, methionine supplementation in intestinal epithelial cells under methionine-deficient conditions led to the upregulation of genes related to methionine and pyruvate metabolism.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Weaning stress results in the simultaneous reduction of both commensal <i>Lactobacillus</i> abundance and methionine levels in the piglet gut, with a significant inter-relationship between these factors. Methionine supplementation shows potential in mitigating gut dysbiosis and metabolic disruptions induced by weaning stress.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00771-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the microbial community and the fermentation characteristics of wrapped natural grass silage inoculated with composite bacteria","authors":"Jingyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Haixia Ma,&nbsp;Qian Guo,&nbsp;Bilige Sudu,&nbsp;Hongyan Han","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00753-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00753-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effects of composite bacterial inoculants on the fermentation quality, microbial community composition, and nutrient preservation of natural grass silage produced in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia. Four treatment groups were set, each using distinct combinations of lactic acid bacteria: a control group (C) with no inoculant and three inoculated groups (Group B: <i>Lentilactobacillus buchneri</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i>; Group P: <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> A1 and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> LP-21; and Group M: <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i>). After 240 days of ensiling, the inoculated groups exhibited significantly higher contents of crude protein and dry matter (DM) and lower ammonia nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber levels than the control group. The M group demonstrated superior fermentation performance, exhibiting the lowest pH (C 5.15; B 4.77; P 4.64; and M 4.57), the highest lactic acid concentration (C 3.40% DM; B 6.80% DM; P 7.73% DM; and M 8.00% DM), and an optimal microbial composition dominated by <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> and <i>Lentilactobacillus</i>. These improvements were attributed to <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>, a bacterium that can produce a substantial amount of lactic acid through homofermentation, thereby lowering the pH, inhibiting the activity of undesirable microorganisms, and enhancing nutrient preservation. High-throughput sequencing revealed shifts in the dominant bacterial phyla from Proteobacteria in raw grass to Firmicutes in silage, with inoculants significantly influencing microbial diversity and functional profiles. Functional prediction indicated enhanced carbohydrate metabolism and nutrient preservation in the inoculated groups. These findings underscore the potential of tailored bacterial inoculants and advanced wrapping technology to improve the quality of silage and thus support sustainable livestock production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00753-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the microbiome potential and metabolic profiling of animal waste co-composting reveals the co-occurrence network of non-microbial and microbial biostimulants to strengthen conservative practices in sustainable agriculture","authors":"Argha Chakraborty,&nbsp;M. K. Saroja,&nbsp;Sourav Garai,&nbsp;Sukamal Sarkar,&nbsp;Aiswarya Bhattacharjee,&nbsp;Kalyan Roy,&nbsp;Sanchayeeta Misra,&nbsp;Rupak Goswami,&nbsp;Sudipta Tripathi,&nbsp;Natesan Ravisankar,&nbsp;Gautam Chatterjee","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00765-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00765-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;India has a rich history of agriculture with its vast biodiversity niches and traditional soil conservation practices. More recently, there have been growing molecular insights into crop-soil management practices and their niche microbial consortia and underlying services. However, harnessing traditional innovations to conserve and promote niche-specific microbiome management in agriculture has not been explored in detail. In an earlier report, we anticipated that the oldest documented microbial technology, &lt;i&gt;Kunapajala&lt;/i&gt;, has the indigenous microbiome potential that reinforces its unifying cyclical operation interlinked with agro-waste recycling and valorization to eco-friendly food production. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular signatures of the microbiome–metabolite potential in this traditional liquid manure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results showed that fish- and livestock waste-derived &lt;i&gt;Kunapajala&lt;/i&gt; are dynamic sources of plant-available macronutrients, plant growth regulators, and other bio-active compounds over 90 days of incubation. Besides estimation of microbial loads and dynamics in culture-based assays, whole genome metagenome (WGMG) sequencing data confirmed that bacteria, primarily &lt;i&gt;Firmicutes&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Proteobacteria&lt;/i&gt;, constitute the dominant kingdom (&gt; 95% of total reads), with over 30% microbial abundance as potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), notably representing &lt;i&gt;Clostridium&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Corynebacterium&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Bacillus&lt;/i&gt;, in 30-day fermented products. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database further identifies the predominance of enzymatic regulations in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism (&gt; 20%), reflecting high organic matter turnover into different hydrolysates and metabolites in &lt;i&gt;Kunapajala&lt;/i&gt;. To further support and validate, liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS) based metabolite screening elucidates their potential roles in plant growth promotion and stress adaptation. We also investigate the plant biostimulant potential of &lt;i&gt;Kunapajala&lt;/i&gt; and further establish its function as an organic fertilizer in a controlled pot-based assay in red amaranth. Overall, our microbiome–metabolite data highlight the dynamic co-occurrence of non-microbial and microbial biostimulants to redefine its niche compositional network and potential roles in sustainable agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study presents the first comprehensive microbiomes and metabolite profiling of &lt;i&gt;Kunapajala&lt;/i&gt;, which could further advance and inform strategies for customized optimization of microbial consortia in agroecosystem functioning. Overall, employing metagenomic approaches to harnessing traditional organic amendments brings new molecular insights to strengthen conservative practices in sustainable agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Graphical Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00765-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide (PCHP-1A) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities","authors":"Lunbin Xia,&nbsp;Cunwu Chen,&nbsp;Shaoshuai Bi,&nbsp;Yafei Zhang,&nbsp;Naidong Chen,&nbsp;Jing Feng","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00768-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00768-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In recent years, the biological activities of polysaccharides derived from Chinese herbal medicones have garnered increasing attention. &lt;i&gt;Polygonatum cyrtonema&lt;/i&gt; Hua, a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal herb, possesses significant healthcare value. However, the structure–activity relationship between polysaccharide structures and biological functions remains to be fully elucidated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Crude &lt;i&gt;Polygonatum cyrtonema&lt;/i&gt; Hua polysaccharides (PCHP) were extracted using hot water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation. The extract was subsequently purified through DEAE seplife FF chromatography, yielding two franctions: PCHP-1 and PCHP-2. Because of the highest content and the better solubility, PCHP-1 was further purified using Sephacryl S-400HR column chromatography to obtain a purified fraction designated as PCHP-1A. Subsequently, The structural characteristics of PCHP-1A were comprehensively analyzed through monosaccharide composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of PCHP-1A were evaluated though in vitro experiments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Structural analysis revealed that PCHP-1A, with an average molecular weight of 2.90 × 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; Da, is comprised of fructose (Fru), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), arabinose (Ara) and rhamnose (Rha). PCHP-1A exhibited a compact and curly spherical molecule conformation, and SEM analysis revealed its smooth, porous, clastic or lamellar microstructure. Comprehensive FT-IR, GC–MS, and 1D/2D NMR analyses indicated that the main chain of PCHP-1A consists of → 1)-β-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-Fru&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;-(2 → , → 1,6)-β-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-Fru&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;-(2 → , and → 6)-α-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-Glc&lt;i&gt;p,&lt;/i&gt; with branch chains primarily composed of β-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-Fru&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;-(2 → linked at the &lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;-6 position of → 1,6)-β-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-Fru&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;-(2 →. Biological activity assays demonstrated that at a concentration of 4.0 mg/mL, PCHP-1A exhibited a DPPH scavenging rate of 56.92 ± 1.42% and an inhibitory capacity against &lt;b&gt;·&lt;/b&gt;OH radicals of 23.27 ± 1.80 U/mL. Furthermore, PCHP-1A showed significant hypoglycemic activity, with an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 5.15 ± 1.09 mg/mL.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study successfully isolated and purified polysaccharide from &lt;i&gt;Polygonatum cyrtonema&lt;/i&gt; Hua, elucidated its fundamental structure, and investigated its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the structure–activity relationship of the polysaccharide and suggest that &lt;i&gt;Polygonatum cyrtonema&lt;/i&gt; Hua polysaccharide may be a natural potential antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Graphical Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;picture&gt;&lt;source&gt;&lt;img&gt;&lt;/source&gt;&lt;/picture&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00768-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humic acids modify root architecture in Arabidopsis through H+-ATPase-dependent target of rapamycin activation in concert with Ca2+ and ROS signaling","authors":"Mirella Pupo Santos,&nbsp;Milan Zupunski,&nbsp;Hiarhi Monda,&nbsp;Jason Gralian,&nbsp;Aletia James,&nbsp;Guido Grossmann,&nbsp;Richard T. Lamar,&nbsp;Daniel Basílio Zandonadi","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00764-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00764-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Humic acids (HA) function as plant biostimulants, enhancing plant metabolism by activating the primary proton transport system, which promotes root growth. This study investigated the effects of HA on root growth, H⁺ extrusion, Ca²⁺ signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, examining how HA might integrate nutrient sensing with growth regulation through plant hormone transport.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>HA rapidly increased cytosolic Ca²⁺ and ROS, and altered root architecture in <i>Arabidopsis</i> lines Columbia-0 (Col-0) and G548 TOROE (overexpressing TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN). In Col-0, HA exposure increased total, primary, and lateral root lengths, while in TOROE plants, only primary root length changed. HA also doubled the expression of transcripts in Col-0 roots, including those for PM H⁺-ATPase (<i>AHA2</i>), TOR kinase, ROS-related <i>RBOHC</i>, and auxin transporters <i>LAX3</i> and <i>PIN3</i>. Only <i>AHA2</i> and <i>RBOHC</i> were upregulated in TOROE plants. Findings indicate that HA promotes rhizosphere acidification and plasma membrane potential regulation via <i>AHA2</i> and <i>RBOHC</i>, linked to auxin transporters and calcium signaling.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The data suggest HA, rich in compounds like quinones and flavonoids, stimulates root development by triggering Ca²⁺ waves, NADPH oxidase and H⁺-ATPase activities. These findings advance our understanding of TOR and H⁺-ATPase roles in root architecture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00764-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic profiling and insecticidal activities of Rosmarinus officinalis L. for the management of Aphis craccivora Koch and Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell","authors":"Urvashi Kashyap,&nbsp;S. G. Eswara Reddy","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sucking insects are major threat to agricultural and horticultural crops. Indiscriminate application of chemical insecticides for the control of pests leads to the development of resistance, harmful to non-target organisms, consumers’ health, the environment, etc. Therefore, botanical insecticides are alternate to synthetic pesticides for the control of sucking pests. In the present investigation, chemical constituents, metabolic profile, and insecticidal activities of &lt;i&gt;Rosmarinus officinalis&lt;/i&gt; L. (Lamiaceae) ethanolic aqueous extract (EAE), fractions and compounds were screened against &lt;i&gt;Aphis craccivora&lt;/i&gt; Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and &lt;i&gt;Planococcus lilacinus&lt;/i&gt; Cockerell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that linolenic acid (24.97%), 1,8-cineole (14.26%), myrcene (10.67%), hexadecenoic acid (9.91%), and camphene (7.12%) were the major constituents in the &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-hexane fraction. UHPLC–ESI-QTOF-IMS analysis of ethanolic aqueous extract (EAE) showed the presence of palmitoleic acid, 4-ethoxy ethyl benzoate, 7-methylrosmanol, and diosmin as major metabolites. Among extract and fractions, EAE was found more effective to &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; (lethal dose to kill 50% of test insect &lt;i&gt;i. e&lt;/i&gt;., LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 1.84 µL/nymph) after 96 h followed by &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-hexane fraction (LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 2.22 µL/insect). In &lt;i&gt;P. lilacinus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-hexane fraction displayed highest toxicity (LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 1.46 µL/crawler) followed by ethyl acetate and &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-butanol fraction (LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 2.01–2.29 µL/crawler). All combinations of the EAE and fractions exhibited synergetic action. Amongst compounds, linolenic acid was found superior to &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; (LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.59 µL/nymph) and &lt;i&gt;P. lilacinus&lt;/i&gt; (LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.99 µL/crawler). EAE and its fractions also showed significant reproductive inhibition and deterrence to target pests. Further, EAE significantly inhibited in vivo enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and mixed function oxidase (MFO) in &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; after 24 and 48 h. In &lt;i&gt;P. lilacinus&lt;/i&gt;, only GST showed inhibition but AChE and carboxylesterase (CES 1) were induced after 24 h. SEM study revealed notable aberrations in the structure of the peritoneum, setae, and thoracic legs of &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; after ingestion of EAE. Under greenhouse conditions, the higher dose of &lt;i&gt;R. officinalis&lt;/i&gt; EAE (20 g/L) reported higher reduction of &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; on leaf (82.28 to 89.36%) and twigs (70.68 to 85.72%) of cowpea after 3, 5 and 7 days of second spray.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Based on our greenhouse study results, EAE of &lt;i&gt;R. officinalis&lt;/i&gt; may be recommended for the control of &lt;i&gt;A. craccivora&lt;/i&gt; in crop plants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Graphical Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;picture&gt;&lt;source&gt;&lt;img&gt;&lt;/source&gt;&lt;/picture&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/f","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and anti-skin aging activity of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Durvillaea antarctica","authors":"Jiahui Wu,&nbsp;Yonglei Yuan,&nbsp;Liping Qu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00757-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00757-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As an edible algae with rich nutrients and high medicinal value, <i>Durvillaea antarctica</i> has certain potential in anti-aging, but there is currently limited research on the separation, purification and activity of its anti-aging active ingredients. We successfully extracted and purified a new β-(1,3)-D-glucan with a special branched structure from <i>Durvillaea antarctica</i> using subcritical water extraction combined with ultrafiltration membrane (SWE-UFM). The polysaccharide, named DAG-1, consists of glucose (92.70%) and has a weight-average molecular weight of 10149 Da. The GC–MS and 1D/2D NMR confirmed that DAG-1 was composed of 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → , → 3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → , β-D-Glcp-(1 → and → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → , and β-glycosidic linkages between these sugar units. Animal experiments showed that DAG-1 has significant anti-skin aging effects by inhibiting the reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, accumulation of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), and decline in hydroxyproline (HYP) content in collagen fibers of D-gal-induced mouse skin. To further elucidate the mechanism of DAG-1, we found that DAG-1 can alleviate senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa), inhibit degranulation of human cutaneous mast cells (HCMC), and modulate inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6) production. Additionally, DAG-1 may bind to c-KIT receptors and downregulate the expression of KITLG/KIT, regulating the growth and activation of mast cells, and thus alleviate skin aging. These findings suggest that DAG-1 is a potential anti-aging ingredient for functional food, cosmetic, and medicine development.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00757-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal phenolic metabolism regulated by melatonin in pear peel","authors":"Shuai Yan,&nbsp;Liangliang Zhao,&nbsp;Deying Zhao,&nbsp;Gongxun Xu,&nbsp;Yufei Wang,&nbsp;Zhiqin Zhou,&nbsp;Cungang Cheng","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00763-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00763-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Melatonin is a crucial regulator of fruit growth and development. However, the mechanisms by which pre-harvest application of melatonin regulates the metabolism of phenolic compounds in pear pericarp remain poorly understood.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, the effect of pre-harvest spraying of melatonin on the synthesis of phenolics in pear peel and the regulatory mechanism were investigated using a multi-disciplinary approach, integrating physiological and biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolic analyses, and the “Yuluxiang” pear as the test material.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The pre-harvest spraying of 100 μM melatonin notably increased the single fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS) and total soluble solids/titratable acid (TSS/TA) ratio. In addition, the spraying regimen elevated the concentrations of phenolic substances, including anthocyanosides, chlorogenic acid, and lignin, in the fruit peel. Three comparison groups (T₀ vs. CK₀, T₁ vs. CK₁, and T₂ vs. CK₂) showed 354, 1385, and 816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 240, 411, and 210 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), respectively. Transcriptome results from melatonin treatment significantly affected the key metabolic pathways, including signal transduction, hormone regulation, glucose metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. Melatonin treatment also influenced the expression of key genes in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, such as <i>PAL</i>, <i>C4H</i>, <i>4CL</i>, <i>CAD</i>, <i>CHS</i>, <i>UFGT</i>, <i>POD</i>, and others. Metabolomic data suggested the melatonin treatment notably stimulated the biosynthesis of <span>l</span>-phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, leucocyanidin and uridine 5ʹ-diphospho-<span>d</span>-glucose than control. By examining the expression patterns of transcription factors, we identified 12 transcription factors (TFs), including <i>PbrMYB4</i>, <i>PbrMYB36-like</i>, <i>PbrMYB14</i>, <i>PbrREF4</i> and <i>PbrNAC6-like</i>, as potential key TFs involved in melatonin-regulated polyphenol biosynthesis.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The pre-harvest application of 100 μM melatonin can help improve the visual and flavor quality of pear fruits. It can influence the key enzyme genes’ expression of phenolic metabolism while stimulating the production of <span>l</span>-phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, leucocyanidin and uridine 5ʹ-diphospho-<span>d</span>-glucose, which promote the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, phenolic acids, and lignins. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the metabolic mechanisms of melatonin-regulated phenolic compounds in pear peels.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00763-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-B induced expression of wax synthesis gene LbCYP96A15 in leaves of goji plants (Lycium barbarum) to improve powdery mildew resistance","authors":"Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Li,&nbsp;Xia Wen,&nbsp;Xin-bing Wang,&nbsp;Deng-pan Shen,&nbsp;Li-wei Ding,&nbsp;Jing He","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00762-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00762-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Powdery mildew poses a significant threat affecting goji plant cultivation, resulting in significant economic losses, particularly in low UV-B environments. To clarify the molecular mechanism by which UV-B-induced wax synthesis in leaves affects the resistance of goji powdery mildew, the ‘Ganqi II’ was used as the experimental material, natural light (no filtration, FUV-B) was used as the control, and two treatments were compared: polyethylene film filtration (filtering 48.62%, HUV-B) and glass filtration (filtering 98.33%, NUV-B). Differences in leaf wax load, powdery mildew resistance, and gene expression were analyzed under these treatments, and key genes involved in UV-B-induced wax synthesis were identified and validated through qRT-PCR, bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization, and tobacco overexpression assays.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that UV-B reduction using polyethylene film and glass decreased the leaf wax load from 90.65 µg/cm² to 70.53 µg/cm² and 49.99 µg/cm², respectively. Concurrently, the incidence of powdery mildew rose from 7.85 to 21.7% and 72.92%, while the disease index increased from 14.21 to 27.23 and 78.40, respectively. Transcriptomic data revealed that 122 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the lipid metabolism pathway, with 26 DEGs specifically associated in the wax synthesis metabolic pathway. Under FUV-B conditions, the expression of <i>LbCYP96A15</i> was 18.04 times higher than under NUV-B treatment. <i>LbCYP96A15</i>, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a key role in wax synthesis. Overexpression of <i>LbCYP96A15</i> in tobacco increased wax load and reduced powdery mildew incidence and disease index compared to the wild type.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>UV-B radiation enhances resistance to powdery mildew in goji plants by upregulating the expression of the <i>LbCYP96A15</i> gene, which promotes leaf wax biosynthesis. <i>LbCYP96A15</i>, a key gene localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a critical role in wax synthesis. Its overexpression significantly increases wax load and reduces the incidence of powdery mildew.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00762-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}