Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"UV-B induced expression of wax synthesis gene LbCYP96A15 in leaves of goji plants (Lycium barbarum) to improve powdery mildew resistance","authors":"Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Li,&nbsp;Xia Wen,&nbsp;Xin-bing Wang,&nbsp;Deng-pan Shen,&nbsp;Li-wei Ding,&nbsp;Jing He","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00762-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00762-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Powdery mildew poses a significant threat affecting goji plant cultivation, resulting in significant economic losses, particularly in low UV-B environments. To clarify the molecular mechanism by which UV-B-induced wax synthesis in leaves affects the resistance of goji powdery mildew, the ‘Ganqi II’ was used as the experimental material, natural light (no filtration, FUV-B) was used as the control, and two treatments were compared: polyethylene film filtration (filtering 48.62%, HUV-B) and glass filtration (filtering 98.33%, NUV-B). Differences in leaf wax load, powdery mildew resistance, and gene expression were analyzed under these treatments, and key genes involved in UV-B-induced wax synthesis were identified and validated through qRT-PCR, bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization, and tobacco overexpression assays.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that UV-B reduction using polyethylene film and glass decreased the leaf wax load from 90.65 µg/cm² to 70.53 µg/cm² and 49.99 µg/cm², respectively. Concurrently, the incidence of powdery mildew rose from 7.85 to 21.7% and 72.92%, while the disease index increased from 14.21 to 27.23 and 78.40, respectively. Transcriptomic data revealed that 122 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the lipid metabolism pathway, with 26 DEGs specifically associated in the wax synthesis metabolic pathway. Under FUV-B conditions, the expression of <i>LbCYP96A15</i> was 18.04 times higher than under NUV-B treatment. <i>LbCYP96A15</i>, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a key role in wax synthesis. Overexpression of <i>LbCYP96A15</i> in tobacco increased wax load and reduced powdery mildew incidence and disease index compared to the wild type.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>UV-B radiation enhances resistance to powdery mildew in goji plants by upregulating the expression of the <i>LbCYP96A15</i> gene, which promotes leaf wax biosynthesis. <i>LbCYP96A15</i>, a key gene localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a critical role in wax synthesis. Its overexpression significantly increases wax load and reduces the incidence of powdery mildew.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00762-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of serine acetyltransferase (SAT) gene family in peach (Prunus persica) and study on the function of PpSAT1 gene regulating adventitious root formation","authors":"Lanlan Hao,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Xuebing Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Hong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00759-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00759-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Serine acetyltransferase (SAT), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of O-acetyl-serine (OAS), is integral to sulfur assimilation, cysteine (Cys) synthesis, and adventitious root development. However, it remains unclear how the SAT gene in <i>Prunus persica</i> regulates adventitious root (AR) formation.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Based on transcriptome data and SAT gene family identification, the physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, and <i>cis</i>-acting elements of the family genes were analyzed. Subsequently, the <i>PpSAT1</i> gene was transformed into <i>Prunus domestica</i> and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> by agrobacterium-mediated method to obtain the transgenic material, and its role in AR formation was characterized by a series of rooting index and enzyme activity experiments.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, based on transcriptome data, the cysteine metabolism pathway was significantly enriched during <i>P. persica</i> AR growth. After combining the FPKM value of transcriptome data with real-time fluorescence quantitative qRT-PCR, it was found that SAT1/4 showed high expression level, which may be a key gene in peach advection root growth. Based on this, SAT family members were identified from <i>P. persica</i>, and further shown by qRT-PCR, <i>PpSAT1</i> gene exhibits a notable expression response during AR formation. Therefore, the <i>PpSAT1</i> (Prupe.4G239400.1) gene was cloned from <i>P. persica</i> and performed genetic transformation on a related <i>P. domestica</i> as well as <i>A. thaliana</i>. The transgenic <i>P. domestica</i> and <i>A. thaliana</i> displayed more robust growth, and more developed root system compared to wild-type counterparts. In addition, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also substantially elevated.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In summary, these findings suggest that <i>PpSAT1</i> gene can facilitate AR development.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00759-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the impacts of cellulase and laccase on fermentation quality, bacterial composition and in vitro degradability of anaerobic cofermentation derived from Sudan grass with mulberry under Lactobacillus plantarum and different lignocellulolytic enzyme inoculation","authors":"Qiang Yu,&nbsp;Ya Su,&nbsp;Yulong Xi,&nbsp;Yuanjiang Rong,&nbsp;Yixi Long,&nbsp;Yixiao Xie,&nbsp;Hong Sun,&nbsp;Rui Dong,&nbsp;Jun Hao,&nbsp;Fuyu Yang,&nbsp;Yulong Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00760-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00760-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic and differential effects of inoculation with lignocellulolytic enzymes and ferulic acid esterase (FAE)-producing <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> on the fermentation characteristics, bacterial community and in vitro degradability of Sudan grass and mulberry and their mixed silage. Sudan grass and mulberry were mixed at mass ratios of 10:0 (S), 7:3 (S–7), 5:5 (S–5), 3:7 (S–3) and 0:10 (M). With the following treatments were applied: no treatment (CK); <i>L. plantarum</i> alone (LP); <i>L. plantarum</i>, cellulase and xylanase combined (LCX); or <i>L. plantarum</i>, xylanase and laccase combined (LXL). Compared with the control, all the additives (especially the bacterium–enzyme combinations) increased the lactic acid (LA) concentration, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content and relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i>; decreased the pH, ammonia–nitrogen (AN) concentration, coliform count and relative abundance of undesirable bacteria such as <i>Enterobacter</i>; and facilitated lignocellulosic degradation. LCX was more effective in degrading neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), decreased the pH, increased the WSC content and simplified the structure of the bacterial network, whereas LXL was better in degrading lignin and enhanced in vitro fermentation efficiency. In addition, LXL improved the silage quality by increasing the acetic acid (AA) concentration and relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i>. Compared with ensiling alone, mixed ensiling balanced the nutrient composition, reduced the butyric acid (BA) concentration and relative abundance of <i>Enterobacter</i>, increased the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i>, increased the bacterial network positive correlation ratio and promoted in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility. Overall, mixed ensiling and bacterium–enzyme inoculation improved fermentation quality.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00760-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil content, fatty acids profile, phenolic compounds and biological activity of the seeds from wild Medicago species growing in Iran","authors":"Ziba Bakhtiar,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Hassandokht,&nbsp;Maryam Fallah,&nbsp;Hassan Rezadoost,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00758-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00758-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Medicago</i> is a significant genus of the Fabaceae family, and the most important species of this genus is <i>M. sativa</i> L., which is cultivated as fodder crops around the world. This study investigates the agro-morphological traits, the content of oils, fatty acids, condensed tannins, total triterpene saponins, and phenolic compounds, as well as biological activities across the seeds of 18 populations from six Iranian <i>Medicago</i> species (<i>M. crassipes</i> (Boiss.) E.Small, <i>M. monantha</i> (C.A.Mey.) Trautv., <i>M. monspeliaca</i> (L.) Trautv., <i>M. orthoceras</i> (Kar. &amp; Kir.) Trautv., <i>M. phrygia</i> (Boiss. &amp; Balansa) E.Small, and <i>M. sativa</i>).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings reveal that seeds of <i>M. sativa</i> and <i>M. phrygia</i> have high oil (9.07 ± 0.05–10.64 ± 0.10%), linoleic acid (31.45 ± 0.54–38.67 ± 0.42%), quercetin (512.12 ± 4.20–574.76 ± 8.75 µg/g dry weight), and apigenin (170.12 ± 2.50–214.23 ± 4.63 µg/g dry weight) content, demonstrating significant antioxidant potential (108.45 ± 0.35–135.55 ± 0.40 μg/ml and 139.35 ± 0.75‒149.47 ± 1.40 μmol Fe⁺²/g dry weight). The seed oils exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against a range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 2 mg/ml across all studied species and populations, indicating strong antibacterial capabilities. Among the species studied, <i>M. sativa</i> and <i>M. phrygia</i> demonstrated the lowest MIC values against the tested bacteria (0.418–0.954 mg/ml) and fungi (0.405–0.940 mg/ml).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings underscore the importance of these <i>Medicago</i> species in both breeding programs and the development of health-related products.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00758-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and analysis of the TBL genes reveals NtTBL31 increases drought resistance of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)","authors":"Sujie Wang,&nbsp;Huan Su,&nbsp;Jingjing Jin,&nbsp;Jiemeng Tao,&nbsp;Zefeng Li,&nbsp;Peijian Cao,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Lu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00752-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00752-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>O-acetylation of cell wall polysaccharides is determined by plant species and tissue type and plays an instrumental role in the growth of plant cells and their interaction with the environment. The trichome birefringence-like (<i>TBL</i>) gene family encodes the acetyltransferases that facilitate O-acetylation. However, no report on the <i>TBL</i> gene family in tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>) can be found.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, 130 <i>TBL</i> genes were identified and characterized; they are distributed across all 24 tobacco chromosomes. Analysis of gene structure and conserved domains and motifs identified five groups of <i>N. tabacum TBL</i> genes (<i>NtTBL</i>). The <i>NtTBL</i> genes underwent segmental duplication and purifying selection. Functional analysis of <i>cis</i>-elements, interaction networks, and expression patterns of <i>NtTBL</i> genes indicated their significant roles in growth and development and stress responses. Furthermore, we validated the pivotal role of <i>NtTBL31</i> in tobacco growth and drought resistance.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study lays a foundation for further functional characterization of the <i>TBL</i> gene family in tobacco.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00752-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated plant physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics reveal tobacco root growth and nicotine synthesis responses in tobacco exposure to different nitrogen forms","authors":"Xinru Li,&nbsp;Heng Yao,&nbsp;Ge Wang,&nbsp;Na Wang,&nbsp;Qi Luo,&nbsp;Gaokun Zhao,&nbsp;Yuping Wu,&nbsp;Guanghai Zhang,&nbsp;Xianchao Duan,&nbsp;Yuxiang Bai,&nbsp;Yu Du,&nbsp;Guanghui Kong,&nbsp;Yongping Li,&nbsp;Peng Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00754-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00754-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L.) is one of the world’s most economically important crops, with nicotine content being a crucial factor in determining its quality and economic value. By integrating plant physiology with transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses, we gained insight into the regulation of nicotine synthesis and metabolism in tobacco seedlings under different forms of nitrogen supply. Our findings revealed that ammonium nitrogen promotes nitrogen transformation in the root system of tobacco seedlings but inhibits root growth, whereas nitrate nitrogen inhibits biochemical processes but enhances root growth. Additionally, we observed that nitrate nitrogen facilitates the NAD + pathway in nicotine biosynthesis but inhibits the polyamine pathway, whereas ammonium nitrogen has the opposite effect. Overall, our comprehensive analysis indicates that the co-application of ammonium nitrate is conducive to nicotine synthesis. These results not only contribute to identifying key genes and metabolites involved in nicotine synthesis, but also provide a theoretical basis for establishing efficient regulation theories and pathways for tobacco's nitrogen utilization. Furthermore, they offer scientific support for future efforts aimed at regulating tobacco nicotine synthesis.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00754-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of nanotechnology to improve the stability and insecticidal activity of spider venom protein Hv1a","authors":"Jun-ming Zhang,&nbsp;Yu-jie Luo,&nbsp;Zhi-yi Xu,&nbsp;Shan-shan Chen,&nbsp;Zhen-peng Kai","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00756-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00756-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With the advancement of nanotechnology, nano biopesticides have gained considerable attention. This study presents a novel method for enhancing the stability and efficacy of the spider venom protein ω-HXTX-Hv1a, an insecticide neurotoxin. The approach involves encapsulating this protein within chitosan cross-linked sodium tripolyphosphate nanocapsules. Such encapsulation is designed to improve the adhesion of Hv1a to leaf surfaces while protecting it from degradation induced by ultraviolet light.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Encapsulation of Hv1a in nanocapsules yielded significant advantages. Specifically, the insecticidal activity of nano-Hv1a was maintained at 37.19 ± 1.23%, in stark contrast to merely 1.60 ± 0.63% for Hv1a after 24 h under conditions conducive to photodegradation. Additionally, the encapsulated form demonstrated a prolonged retention time within insects, resulting in enhanced insecticidal efficacy compared to non-encapsulated Hv1a alone. The study further explored the effects of nano-Hv1a on insect growth patterns, revealing marked weight loss and sustained insecticidal activity beyond that observed with plain Hv1a.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings underscore the potential of nano-Hv1a as an efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative for pest control strategies in agriculture. By improving both stability and effectiveness through advanced encapsulation techniques, this research proposes a viable complement to conventional pesticide practices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00756-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure elucidation of arabinogalactan and arabinogalacturonan from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and evaluation on their immunoregulating effects via TLR2 pathway","authors":"Xiaojun Li,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Huizi Tang,&nbsp;Yu Kou,&nbsp;Yuan Yin,&nbsp;Haiyang Guo,&nbsp;Xue Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00755-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00755-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Polysaccharides were extracted from the roots of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> Georgi using hot water and ethanol precipitation method. The SBP-1 and SBP-2, were obtained after eluting from DE-52 column. The molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage types of SBP-1 and SBP-2 were determined by the high performance gel permeation chromatography, high-performance anion exchange chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy and NMR spectra.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>SBP-1 and SBP-2 were characterized as a homogenous polysaccharide with Mw of 80.5 and 25.8 kDa, respectively. Moreover, there were seven linkage types in the SBP-1 and it was a type II arabinogalactan formed by a (1→6)-linked β-<span>d</span>-Gal<i>p</i> main chain. Whereas, except for the linkage types of α-<span>l</span>-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→, →5)-α-<span>l</span>-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→ and →3,5)-α-<span>l</span>-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→, the SBP-2 enriched with →3,4)-α-<span>d</span>-Gal<i>p</i>A-(1→, →4)-α-<span>d</span>-Gal<i>p</i>A-(1→ and →4)-α-<span>d</span>-Gal<i>p</i>A(OMe)-(1→, indicating the pectic type arabinogalacturonan structure. Moreover, both SBP-1 and SBP-2 exhibited immunoregulatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells by modulating the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, as demonstrated through RNA-seq analysis, western blotting, immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest an immunological basis for the therapeutic potential of <i>S. baicalensis</i>.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00755-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of antimicrobial peptides from Bacillus genomes against phytopathogens with deep learning models","authors":"Huan Su,&nbsp;Mengli Gu,&nbsp;Zechao Qu,&nbsp;Qiao Wang,&nbsp;Jingjing Jin,&nbsp;Peng Lu,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhang,&nbsp;Peijian Cao,&nbsp;Xueliang Ren,&nbsp;Jiemeng Tao,&nbsp;Boyang Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00751-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00751-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a potential novel class of antimicrobial agents due to their broad microbial targeting and low resistance risks. Although AMPs have limited applications in agriculture, their potential to replace chemical pesticides could address food security and environmental concerns. Members of <i>Bacillus</i> sp., abundant in soil and plant microbiomes, are recognized as important sources of AMPs for their resistance and strong antimicrobial properties, making them ideal candidates for biocontrol in sustainable agriculture. To harness this potential, this study employed deep learning models to predict AMPs derived from <i>Bacillus</i> genomes, aiming to identify candidates with high activity against phytopathogens. Subsequently, the antimicrobial efficacy of selected candidate AMPs was experimentally validated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>More than 6700 <i>Bacillus</i> genomes were collected to identify a broad range of short peptides (10–100 amino acids), which were analyzed using advanced deep learning models, including BERT, Mamba, CNN-LSTM, and CNN-Attention. These models demonstrated enhanced predictive accuracy and reliability over existing methods, and resulted in 4,993,389 potential AMPs from <i>Bacillus</i> genomes. Among these AMPs, two high-confidence AMPs (cAMP_1 and cAMP_2) were selected by cross-validation, and their structural stability and activity were evaluated and verified by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental assays, respectively. Both of them exhibited antimicrobial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and various common agricultural fungal and bacterial pathogens.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This high-throughput deep learning pipeline successfully uncovered novel AMPs from <i>Bacillus</i> genomes, which underscored the efficiency of deep learning models in identifying functional peptides. This approach could accelerate the discovery of potential AMPs for biocontrol applications in plant disease management, contributing to sustainable agriculture and reduced dependency on traditional antibiotics.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00751-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization and in vitro hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities of a novel neutral polysaccharide from Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo Han Guo) flowers","authors":"Hao Teng,&nbsp;Limei Qiu,&nbsp;Zhizhi Huang,&nbsp;Sam Al-Dalali,&nbsp;Cailin Li,&nbsp;Aiying Xu,&nbsp;Zhigui He","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00750-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00750-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Siraitia grosvenorii,</i> commonly known as Luo Han Guo, is a medicinal and edible plant whose flowers contain bioactive polysaccharides with underexplored therapeutic potential. This study isolated a novel polysaccharide fraction (SGFP-2) from <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i> flowers through DEAE-Crystarose Fast Flow chromatography. Structural analysis revealed SGFP-2 is a heteropolysaccharide with average molecular weight of 1.67 × 10⁵ Da and composed of Rha, Glc, Gal, GlcA, GalA, Man, and Ara with a molar ratio of 8.17:1.54:60.06:3.41:5.37:3.54:15.44. Methylation analysis identified dominant glycosidic linkages of SGFP-2 as → 6)-Gal<i>p</i>-(1 → (30.42%), Gal<i>p</i>-(1 → (22.69%), Ara<i>f</i>-(1 → (18.29%), Rha<i>p</i>-(1 → (8.70%), → 3,6)-Gal<i>p</i>-(1 → (8.54%). Scanning electron microscopy and Congo red staining results showed that the network structure of SGFP-2 was lamellar without trihelix conformation. In vitro experiments have revealed that SGFP-2 possesses lipid-binding capacity, bile salt adsorption properties, and potent inhibitory activity against crucial enzymes involved in glucose-lipid metabolism, specifically pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. These findings suggest that SGFP-2 demonstrates potential hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects in vitro. This study provides preliminary evidence to support further development and utilization of <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i> flower polysaccharides.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00750-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}