Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Design, synthesis, and evaluation of thiophene-guanidinylamides as potent nematicidal agents against Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"Ji Hye Choi,&nbsp;Seo Yeon Kim,&nbsp;Yong Ho Choi,&nbsp;Gyung Ja Choi,&nbsp;Hee Nam Lim,&nbsp;Hyun-Suk Yeom","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00958-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00958-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Root-knot nematodes, particularly <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>, cause severe yield losses in a wide range of crops, necessitating the development of new chemical scaffolds to overcome limitations associated with conventional nematicides. High mortality observed during the initial screening of the Korea Chemical Bank library identified compound <b>64302,</b> as a promising hit. However, its furan core presented intrinsic stability issues, prompting a thiophene-based redesign aimed at developing stable and effective nematicidal agents.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Structural optimization of the hit compound led to the synthesis of a series of thiophene-guanidinylamide derivatives. Among the 32 synthesized candidates, compounds <b>6a</b>, <b>6d</b>, and <b>6e</b> exhibited 100% in vitro mortality against second-stage juveniles of <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> at 1.0 mg L⁻¹. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that a 2-nitro substituent on the A-ring was essential for activity, while the guanidinylamide moiety and thiophene B-ring were also critical structural features. In greenhouse assays, the three lead compounds showed dose-dependent suppression of root galling, with <b>6e</b> demonstrating complete control across all tested concentrations (50–450 mg L^− 1). Unlike cadusafos, compound <b>6e</b> showed no phytotoxicity, indicating a favorable safety margin together with strong nematicidal performance.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study identifies thiophene-guanidinylamides as a new class of potent nematicidal agents with high in vitro and in vivo efficacy against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>. The superior performance and lack of phytotoxicity observed for compound <b>6e</b> highlight its potential as a promising lead scaffold for the development of next-generation nematicides.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00958-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive influence of chicken manure mixed with former food products and vegetable waste on black soldier fly larval performance, frass maturity and environmental emissions","authors":"Liwen Wang,&nbsp;Guoyan Zhang,&nbsp;Shuaixin Tian,&nbsp;Dongsheng Li,&nbsp;Zhipeng Wu,&nbsp;Yiwei Dong,&nbsp;Hongliang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00960-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00960-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can convert chicken manure into biomass. However, a single chicken manure substrate leads to low efficiency and more emissions due to nutrient imbalance. This study aimed to investigate differences in conversion efficiency, nutrient allocation, and gas emissions during bioconversion of four waste types by BSFL: chicken manure (CM), former food products (FFPs), vegetable waste (VEG), and a 1:1:1 mixture of these substrates (MIX). The CM treatment served as a control.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>NH₃ emissions were reduced by 27.54% and 13.90% in the VEG and FFPs groups, respectively. However, this was accompanied by decreases in biomass yield (–27.13% and –34.99%, respectively) and bioconversion rate (BCR; –21.09% and –33.90%, respectively). Although larvae grew well in the CM group, greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions increased by 20.82%. The MIX group demonstrated balanced carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) retention and loss, with increased BCR (+ 11.36%) and biomass yield (+ 13.21%) and reduced NH₃ and GHG emissions by 17.64% and 19.22%, respectively. Moreover, this group exhibited higher larval protein (+ 4.33%) and lipid (+ 1.80%) contents than the CM group. Correlation analysis showed larval biomass yield, protein, bioconversion rate, waste reduction rate, and CO₂ and NH₃ emissions were positively correlated with feed protein content. Additionally, total N content of frass was positively linked to feed carbohydrate and lipid content, both associated with CH₄ and N₂O emissions.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Single substrates exhibit constraints, such as restricted biomass yield, poor larvae quality, and elevated environmental emissions. The combined substrate improved process efficiency and diminished emissions, providing a sustainable solution for recycling agri-food waste.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00960-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of chitosan and its applications as a functional material throughout the plant growth cycle and in sustainable agricultural development","authors":"Youjie Huang,&nbsp;Gangliang Huang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00953-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00953-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Against the backdrop of a large population driving substantial food demand, agriculture serves as the cornerstone of food security. However, it faces multiple abiotic stress challenges, including drought, salinity, and soil degradation. Traditional agricultural production models not only exert immense pressure on the ecological environment but also further exacerbate potential risks to food security, making the transition to green and sustainable agriculture a global consensus. Chitosan, as a natural polymer material with wide availability, non-toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness, has demonstrated broad application prospects in diverse fields such as biomedicine, food processing, and environmental remediation. Its inherent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and plant immunity-inducing activities can effectively enhance crop productivity and promote nutrient uptake. When combined with nanoparticles, chitosan exhibits efficient encapsulation capabilities, enabling the precise controlled release and delivery of pesticides, fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and biocontrol agents. This significantly improves the utilization efficiency of agricultural inputs, reduces resource waste and environmental residues, positioning chitosan as a cutting-edge tool for advancing sustainable agricultural development.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This review first outlines the core physicochemical properties of chitosan and its current applications across multiple fields. It compares the regulatory effects of different modification strategies on material performance and systematically integrates the diverse roles of chitosan and its functional materials throughout the entire plant life cycle. The mechanisms of action in seed germination, postharvest preservation, and the construction of slow-release fertilizers are explored, addressing the limitations of previous single-focus studies and highlighting the environmental benefits and future development directions for sustainable agricultural systems.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This work provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the large-scale application of chitosan-based functional materials in sustainable agriculture, offering a highly promising solution for addressing food supply and ecological challenges and ensuring the security of future food systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00953-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the CBL-CIPK network and its association with ABA signaling in the drought response of Asparagus cochinchinensis","authors":"Zheng-xi Long,&nbsp;Liu Tang,&nbsp;Sheng-bo Lu,&nbsp;Yu-ting Yang,&nbsp;Ming-sheng Zhang,&nbsp;Miao Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00950-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00950-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Asparagus cochinchinensis</i> (Lour.) Merr. (<i>A. cochinchinensis</i>) is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal herb with significant economic value. However, its cultivation is severely constrained by environmental stresses, particularly drought. The Calcineurin B-Like (CBL) and CBL-Interacting Protein Kinase (CIPK) network constitutes a crucial calcium sensor system that decodes stress-induced Ca²⁺ signatures in plants. Despite its importance, the molecular architecture and functional roles of the CBL-CIPK network in <i>A. cochinchinensis</i> remain largely uncharacterized.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we generated a high-quality full-length transcriptome of <i>A. cochinchinensis</i> using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing, yielding 52,042 non-redundant transcripts. Based on this resource, we identified 35 AcCIPK and 13 AcCBL genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high conservation between AcCIPK24/AcCIPK23 and their Arabidopsis orthologs, while also uncovering species-specific alternative splicing events, including a truncated isoform of AcCIPK24.5. Yeast two-hybrid assays confirmed a specific physical interaction between AcCBL10 and AcCIPK24. Expression profiling demonstrated that these genes exhibit tissue-specific and temporal responses to drought stress. Notably, while both genes were downregulated in roots and stems under drought, AcCBL10 was significantly upregulated in cladodes, suggesting complex regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, hormone analysis revealed that drought stress induced endogenous ABA accumulation, and exogenous ABA application not only accelerated the endogenous ABA accumulation peak but also enhanced the expression of AcCBL10 and AcCIPK24.5, suggesting a certain connection between calcium signaling and ABA pathways.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides the first comprehensive functional characterization of the CBL-CIPK network in <i>A. cochinchinensis</i>. The specific interaction between AcCBL10 and AcCIPK24, coupled with the crosstalk between calcium signaling and ABA pathways, suggests a potential molecular framework underlying drought adaptation in this medicinal plant.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00950-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic potential of a novel Gregsiragusavirus phage SLAM_phiCP2S1 combined with Pediococcus pentosaceus against Clostridium perfringens infection in broiler chicks","authors":"Youbin Choi,&nbsp;Dawon Kyung,&nbsp;Anna Kang,&nbsp;Eunsol Seo,&nbsp;Min-Geun Kang,&nbsp;Daniel Junpyo Lee,&nbsp;Seon-hui Son,&nbsp;Yijun Kwon,&nbsp;Ki Beom Jang,&nbsp;Darae Kang,&nbsp;Woo Kyun Kim,&nbsp;Younghoon Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00964-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00964-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Necrotic enteritis caused by <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> in poultry is a widespread disease that incurs significant economic losses. With the global restriction of antibiotic growth promoters, there is an urgent need for effective alternative strategies to control bacterial disease. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel virulent phage, SLAM_phiCP2S1, belonging to the <i>Gregsiragusavirus</i> genus, and evaluated its combined prophylactic potential with the probiotic <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> SLAM_PEP01 to prevent <i>C. perfringens</i> infection in broiler chickens. In <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, both the phage and probiotic individually improved host survival, whereas their co-administration produced the strongest protective effect. In broiler chicks, an experimental challenge with <i>C. perfringens</i> caused growth suppression and intestinal damage in infected controls. Phage-only treatment provided partial improvement, but the phage–probiotic combination most effectively preserved growth and intestinal health. Cecal bacterial counts and 16 S rRNA profiling showed that the phage–probiotic combination most effectively reduced <i>C. perfringens</i> burden, restoring levels close to those of uninfected controls. Metagenomic analysis further suggested enrichment of beneficial taxa and reduction of pathogen-associated genera in the combination group. These findings indicate that co-administration of SLAM_phiCP2S1 and SLAM_PEP01 more effectively curtailed <i>C. perfringens</i> infection and preserved growth and intestinal integrity by maintaining gut microbial homeostasis. This phage–probiotic combination highlights the potential and implications of an antibiotic-free phage-probiotics combination as sustainable strategies for intestinal health and performance in poultry.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00964-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-processing of canola straw into animal feed by co-ensiling with alfalfa for sustainable feed and agricultural systems","authors":"Tianwei Wang,&nbsp;Xiumin Zhang,&nbsp;Muhammad Tahir,&nbsp;Kunling Teng,&nbsp;Min Zhang,&nbsp;Yanzi Xiao,&nbsp;Lin Sun,&nbsp;Zhijie Bai,&nbsp;Min Wang,&nbsp;Jin Zhong","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00959-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00959-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgroud</h3><p>Transforming low-value agricultural byproducts into high-value animal feed, holds significant potential for advancing circular food systems. In this study, we aim to explore the effect of co-ensiling canola straw with alfalfa on feed quality and animal performance, supporting efficient recycling and utilization of canola straw.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study pioneers the investigation of co-ensiling canola straw with alfalfa to produce high-quality feed, while also examining the effects of feeding mixed silage on performance and ruminal fermentation characteristics of Hulunbuir sheep. For mixed silage, canola straw and alfalfa were mixed (1:2 DM ratio), while alfalfa silage used wilted alfalfa (42% DM). Both silages received 1% molasses and compound LAB inoculant (containing <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i>). For feeding trial, eighteen Hulunbuir sheep (21.96 ± 1.94 kg) were divided into two dietary groups: control-diet (50% canola straw and alfalfa silage + 50% concentrate) and mixed-diet (50% canola straw and alfalfa mixed silage + 50% concentrate). Co-ensiling canola straw with alfalfa effectively disrupted surface structure of canola straw, primarily due to dominance of <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> (&gt; 55%). Sheep fed mixed-diet showed significantly higher dry matter intake (975.35 g/d), crude protein intake (152.26 g/d), and gross energy intake (15.62 kJ/g), along with improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (42.48%) and greater average daily gain (124 g/d) than those on control-diet (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Serum biochemical analysis revealed an increase in alkaline phosphatase levels in sheep receiving the mixed-diet (212.22 U/L) than control-fed sheep (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, sheep fed mixed-diet exhibited a higher ruminal propionate molar percentage (16.60%) and lower molar percentages of butyrate (12.40%) and valerate (1.10%) than control-fed sheep (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Co-ensiling canola straw with alfalfa enhances feed quality via <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> dominance, improving sheep’s intake and growth, and affecting ruminal fermentation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00959-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals in the alpine rangelands of Qinghai, China: spatial and vertical distribution, pollution sources, and soil-to-grass transfer","authors":"Yuzhen Yan,&nbsp;Wenjing Li,&nbsp;Fang Yang,&nbsp;Wenying Wang,&nbsp;Zi-Chao Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00961-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00961-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The alpine rangelands of Qinghai Province, China, are ecologically fragile and support key livestock production, yet they face widespread heavy metal contamination with unclear spatial patterns, pollution sources, and soil-to-grass transfer risks.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study systematically investigated the spatial and vertical distribution, potential sources, and soil-to-grass transfer characteristics of eight heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) across 27 counties and 82 rangelands in Qinghai, using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for quantification.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that Cr, Ni, Zn, As, and Cd were the primary pollutants, with 53.09%, 58.02%, 54.32%, 75.31%, and 51.85% of soil samples exceeding China’s Category I soil standards, respectively, particularly in Guoluo, Yush, and Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures (TAPs). Heavy metal concentrations generally decreased with soil depth, while the 10–20 cm layer acted as a transitional zone with weak stratification. Rainfall deposition was identified as the primary source, while agricultural, industrial, and tourism activities exerted only limited local impacts. Grasses from the corresponding rangelands contained Cr and Hg levels exceeding the mandatory limits of China’s Hygienical Standard for Feeds in 100% and over 50% of samples, respectively. Transfer correlations were positive for Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Hg (with Ni significantly correlated) and negative for Cr, Zn, and Pb.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study is valuable for the control of heavy metal pollution and the ecological protection of Qinghai’s alpine rangelands.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00961-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytobiotics as promising antimicrobial agents in aquaculture health management","authors":"Regina Fragkouli,&nbsp;Margarita Dormousoglou,&nbsp;Vasileios Triantafyllidis,&nbsp;Maria Antonopoulou,&nbsp;Elias Asimakis,&nbsp;Alexandra Spyrou,&nbsp;George Tsiamis,&nbsp;Panagiota Stathopoulou","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00932-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00932-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As aquaculture continues to expand as a major food-producing sector, reliance on synthetic antibiotics raises concerns related to antimicrobial resistance, public health, and environmental sustainability. In response, the present study explores plant essential oils (EOs) as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. The phytochemical composition, the antioxidant potential, antibacterial activity, and antibiofilm properties of EOs derived from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> L., <i>Vitex agnus-castus</i> L. and <i>Mentha longifolia</i> (L.) Huds. were investigated against common fish-pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, cytotoxicity was assessed using <i>Epithelioma papulosum cyprini</i> (EPC) cells to determine safety.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the tested oils, <i>Origanum vulgare</i> L. EO (<i>Ov</i>EO) exhibited the strongest bioactivity, showing potent antioxidant effects, broad-spectrum bactericidal action at low concentrations, significant antibiofilm inhibition, and minimal cytotoxicity. <i>Mentha longifolia</i> (L.) Huds. EO (<i>Ml</i>EO) displayed moderate bioactivity, followed by <i>Vitex agnus-castus</i> EO (<i>Vac</i>EO).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that the varying antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities are attributable to differences in phytochemical composition, highlighting <i>Ov</i>EO as a promising natural candidate for sustainable disease management in aquaculture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00932-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium and seaweed extracts exhibit synergistic actions in regulating antioxidant defense in rice under salt stress","authors":"Mirza Hasanuzzaman,&nbsp;Abida Sultana,&nbsp;Faomida Sinthi,&nbsp;Samiul Alam,&nbsp;Md. Mahabub Alam,&nbsp;P. V. Vara Prasad","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00956-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00956-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Salinity creates a serious constraint on production by profoundly diminishing plant development, physiological performance, and yield potential, thereby threatening global food security. Given the reported stress-mitigating roles of selenium (Se) and seaweed extracts (SWEs) (<i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i>) in plants, a controlled investigation was performed using rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L., cv. BRRI dhan100) to evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing tolerance to saline conditions. Rice seedlings were exposed to salinity stress induced by 75 mM NaCl, while parallel treatments received foliar application of sodium selenate (Na₂SeO₄; 25 µM L⁻¹) along with soil drenching of 0.1% SWE.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Exposure to salt stress distinctly suppressed plant growth attributes, and led to substantial reductions in biomass accumulation, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll concentration, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Salinity also disrupted ionic homeostasis, as reflected by an elevated Na⁺/K⁺ ratio and a decline in calcium content. Furthermore, salt stress intensified oxidative damage, evidenced by increased hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation accumulation, proline content, methylglyoxal levels, and electrolyte leakage. In addition, salinity diminished the concentrations of key non-enzymatic antioxidants, and suppressed the activities of major antioxidant enzymes, including monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione <i>S</i>-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and components of the glyoxalase system. In contrast, combined application of Se and SWEs significantly strengthened the effectiveness ofthe AsA–GSH cycle, restored antioxidant enzyme activities, and improved ionic regulation under saline conditions.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These protective effects collectively alleviated salinity-induced oxidative stress and physiological impairment. Overall, the combined supplementation of Se and SWEs substantially strengthened the antioxidant defense capacity of rice plants, thereby improving their resilience to salt-induced damage and contributing to enhanced salinity tolerance.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00956-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a synthetic microbiome for solid-state fermentation of pitaya stems for feed production: an untargeted metabolomic analysis","authors":"Bangzheng Chen,&nbsp;Canwei Zhong,&nbsp;Kai Chen,&nbsp;Zhijie Luo,&nbsp;Xinyue Yang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Huang,&nbsp;Erjian Gao,&nbsp;Xinhan Fan,&nbsp;Shiqin Ye,&nbsp;Bingbing Zheng,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Liming Lu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00936-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00936-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pitaya (&lt;i&gt;Hylocereus&lt;/i&gt; spp.) stems are a promising yet underutilized source of bioactive components, such as polysaccharides and sterols, which are of significant agricultural importance. However, their recalcitrant structures, including indigestible cellulose frameworks, acicular calcium oxalate crystals, and hydrophobic waxy cuticles, render them unsuitable for direct application as animal feed. Large-scale discarding of pitaya stems poses considerable environmental hazards if not properly disposed of, while existing extraction technologies for their bioactive components struggle with issues such as high pollution loads or difficulties in scale-up. Consequently, the development of efficient resource utilization strategies is imperative. This study adopts synthetic microbiome construction technology for the solid-state fermentation of pitaya stems, aiming to enhance their nutritional value for feed applications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study utilized a synthetic microbial consortium consisting of &lt;i&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus casei&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus niger&lt;/i&gt;. After optimizing the fermentation conditions using response surface methodology (RSM), with the optimal parameters determined as 34 °C, 12 days of fermentation, and 55% moisture content, the nutritional quality of pitaya stems was substantially improved. Specifically, the protein content increased from 7.32 to 14.16%, the cellulose content decreased from 18.63 to 11.14%, and the total amino acid content was enhanced by 56.77%. Meanwhile, the dry matter digestibility and true protein digestibility of the fermented product reached 55.96% and 67.88%, respectively. During the fermentation process, the microbial community exhibited a phasic succession pattern: the early stage was dominated by &lt;i&gt;Bacillus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt;, while the later stage became dominated by &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Saccharomyces&lt;/i&gt;. Metabolomic analysis further demonstrated a significant upregulation of metabolic pathways related to amino acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study confirms microbial fermentation effectively degrades recalcitrant components in pitaya stems, enriches nutrients, and enhances substrate digestibility and bioavailability. Specifically, it establishes a sustainable approach to convert low-value pitaya stems into high-quality, nutritionally balanced ruminant feed. Facilitating resource utilization of this by-product, the approach yields significant economic and environmental benefits. These findings provide critical insights for high-efficiency fermented feed development and empirical support for advancing sustainable agriculture via waste recycling and resource optimization.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Graphical Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;picture&gt;&lt;source&gt;&lt;img&gt;&lt;/source&gt;&lt;/picture&gt;&lt;span&gt;The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/fig","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00936-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}