Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and anti-skin aging activity of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Durvillaea antarctica","authors":"Jiahui Wu,&nbsp;Yonglei Yuan,&nbsp;Liping Qu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00757-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00757-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As an edible algae with rich nutrients and high medicinal value, <i>Durvillaea antarctica</i> has certain potential in anti-aging, but there is currently limited research on the separation, purification and activity of its anti-aging active ingredients. We successfully extracted and purified a new β-(1,3)-D-glucan with a special branched structure from <i>Durvillaea antarctica</i> using subcritical water extraction combined with ultrafiltration membrane (SWE-UFM). The polysaccharide, named DAG-1, consists of glucose (92.70%) and has a weight-average molecular weight of 10149 Da. The GC–MS and 1D/2D NMR confirmed that DAG-1 was composed of 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → , → 3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → , β-D-Glcp-(1 → and → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → , and β-glycosidic linkages between these sugar units. Animal experiments showed that DAG-1 has significant anti-skin aging effects by inhibiting the reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, accumulation of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), and decline in hydroxyproline (HYP) content in collagen fibers of D-gal-induced mouse skin. To further elucidate the mechanism of DAG-1, we found that DAG-1 can alleviate senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa), inhibit degranulation of human cutaneous mast cells (HCMC), and modulate inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6) production. Additionally, DAG-1 may bind to c-KIT receptors and downregulate the expression of KITLG/KIT, regulating the growth and activation of mast cells, and thus alleviate skin aging. These findings suggest that DAG-1 is a potential anti-aging ingredient for functional food, cosmetic, and medicine development.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00757-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal phenolic metabolism regulated by melatonin in pear peel","authors":"Shuai Yan,&nbsp;Liangliang Zhao,&nbsp;Deying Zhao,&nbsp;Gongxun Xu,&nbsp;Yufei Wang,&nbsp;Zhiqin Zhou,&nbsp;Cungang Cheng","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00763-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00763-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Melatonin is a crucial regulator of fruit growth and development. However, the mechanisms by which pre-harvest application of melatonin regulates the metabolism of phenolic compounds in pear pericarp remain poorly understood.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, the effect of pre-harvest spraying of melatonin on the synthesis of phenolics in pear peel and the regulatory mechanism were investigated using a multi-disciplinary approach, integrating physiological and biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolic analyses, and the “Yuluxiang” pear as the test material.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The pre-harvest spraying of 100 μM melatonin notably increased the single fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS) and total soluble solids/titratable acid (TSS/TA) ratio. In addition, the spraying regimen elevated the concentrations of phenolic substances, including anthocyanosides, chlorogenic acid, and lignin, in the fruit peel. Three comparison groups (T₀ vs. CK₀, T₁ vs. CK₁, and T₂ vs. CK₂) showed 354, 1385, and 816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 240, 411, and 210 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), respectively. Transcriptome results from melatonin treatment significantly affected the key metabolic pathways, including signal transduction, hormone regulation, glucose metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. Melatonin treatment also influenced the expression of key genes in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, such as <i>PAL</i>, <i>C4H</i>, <i>4CL</i>, <i>CAD</i>, <i>CHS</i>, <i>UFGT</i>, <i>POD</i>, and others. Metabolomic data suggested the melatonin treatment notably stimulated the biosynthesis of <span>l</span>-phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, leucocyanidin and uridine 5ʹ-diphospho-<span>d</span>-glucose than control. By examining the expression patterns of transcription factors, we identified 12 transcription factors (TFs), including <i>PbrMYB4</i>, <i>PbrMYB36-like</i>, <i>PbrMYB14</i>, <i>PbrREF4</i> and <i>PbrNAC6-like</i>, as potential key TFs involved in melatonin-regulated polyphenol biosynthesis.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The pre-harvest application of 100 μM melatonin can help improve the visual and flavor quality of pear fruits. It can influence the key enzyme genes’ expression of phenolic metabolism while stimulating the production of <span>l</span>-phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, leucocyanidin and uridine 5ʹ-diphospho-<span>d</span>-glucose, which promote the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, phenolic acids, and lignins. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the metabolic mechanisms of melatonin-regulated phenolic compounds in pear peels.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00763-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-B induced expression of wax synthesis gene LbCYP96A15 in leaves of goji plants (Lycium barbarum) to improve powdery mildew resistance","authors":"Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Li,&nbsp;Xia Wen,&nbsp;Xin-bing Wang,&nbsp;Deng-pan Shen,&nbsp;Li-wei Ding,&nbsp;Jing He","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00762-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00762-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Powdery mildew poses a significant threat affecting goji plant cultivation, resulting in significant economic losses, particularly in low UV-B environments. To clarify the molecular mechanism by which UV-B-induced wax synthesis in leaves affects the resistance of goji powdery mildew, the ‘Ganqi II’ was used as the experimental material, natural light (no filtration, FUV-B) was used as the control, and two treatments were compared: polyethylene film filtration (filtering 48.62%, HUV-B) and glass filtration (filtering 98.33%, NUV-B). Differences in leaf wax load, powdery mildew resistance, and gene expression were analyzed under these treatments, and key genes involved in UV-B-induced wax synthesis were identified and validated through qRT-PCR, bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization, and tobacco overexpression assays.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that UV-B reduction using polyethylene film and glass decreased the leaf wax load from 90.65 µg/cm² to 70.53 µg/cm² and 49.99 µg/cm², respectively. Concurrently, the incidence of powdery mildew rose from 7.85 to 21.7% and 72.92%, while the disease index increased from 14.21 to 27.23 and 78.40, respectively. Transcriptomic data revealed that 122 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the lipid metabolism pathway, with 26 DEGs specifically associated in the wax synthesis metabolic pathway. Under FUV-B conditions, the expression of <i>LbCYP96A15</i> was 18.04 times higher than under NUV-B treatment. <i>LbCYP96A15</i>, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a key role in wax synthesis. Overexpression of <i>LbCYP96A15</i> in tobacco increased wax load and reduced powdery mildew incidence and disease index compared to the wild type.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>UV-B radiation enhances resistance to powdery mildew in goji plants by upregulating the expression of the <i>LbCYP96A15</i> gene, which promotes leaf wax biosynthesis. <i>LbCYP96A15</i>, a key gene localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a critical role in wax synthesis. Its overexpression significantly increases wax load and reduces the incidence of powdery mildew.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00762-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of serine acetyltransferase (SAT) gene family in peach (Prunus persica) and study on the function of PpSAT1 gene regulating adventitious root formation","authors":"Lanlan Hao,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Xuebing Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Hong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00759-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00759-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Serine acetyltransferase (SAT), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of O-acetyl-serine (OAS), is integral to sulfur assimilation, cysteine (Cys) synthesis, and adventitious root development. However, it remains unclear how the SAT gene in <i>Prunus persica</i> regulates adventitious root (AR) formation.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Based on transcriptome data and SAT gene family identification, the physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, and <i>cis</i>-acting elements of the family genes were analyzed. Subsequently, the <i>PpSAT1</i> gene was transformed into <i>Prunus domestica</i> and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> by agrobacterium-mediated method to obtain the transgenic material, and its role in AR formation was characterized by a series of rooting index and enzyme activity experiments.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, based on transcriptome data, the cysteine metabolism pathway was significantly enriched during <i>P. persica</i> AR growth. After combining the FPKM value of transcriptome data with real-time fluorescence quantitative qRT-PCR, it was found that SAT1/4 showed high expression level, which may be a key gene in peach advection root growth. Based on this, SAT family members were identified from <i>P. persica</i>, and further shown by qRT-PCR, <i>PpSAT1</i> gene exhibits a notable expression response during AR formation. Therefore, the <i>PpSAT1</i> (Prupe.4G239400.1) gene was cloned from <i>P. persica</i> and performed genetic transformation on a related <i>P. domestica</i> as well as <i>A. thaliana</i>. The transgenic <i>P. domestica</i> and <i>A. thaliana</i> displayed more robust growth, and more developed root system compared to wild-type counterparts. In addition, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also substantially elevated.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In summary, these findings suggest that <i>PpSAT1</i> gene can facilitate AR development.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00759-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the impacts of cellulase and laccase on fermentation quality, bacterial composition and in vitro degradability of anaerobic cofermentation derived from Sudan grass with mulberry under Lactobacillus plantarum and different lignocellulolytic enzyme inoculation","authors":"Qiang Yu,&nbsp;Ya Su,&nbsp;Yulong Xi,&nbsp;Yuanjiang Rong,&nbsp;Yixi Long,&nbsp;Yixiao Xie,&nbsp;Hong Sun,&nbsp;Rui Dong,&nbsp;Jun Hao,&nbsp;Fuyu Yang,&nbsp;Yulong Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00760-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00760-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic and differential effects of inoculation with lignocellulolytic enzymes and ferulic acid esterase (FAE)-producing <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> on the fermentation characteristics, bacterial community and in vitro degradability of Sudan grass and mulberry and their mixed silage. Sudan grass and mulberry were mixed at mass ratios of 10:0 (S), 7:3 (S–7), 5:5 (S–5), 3:7 (S–3) and 0:10 (M). With the following treatments were applied: no treatment (CK); <i>L. plantarum</i> alone (LP); <i>L. plantarum</i>, cellulase and xylanase combined (LCX); or <i>L. plantarum</i>, xylanase and laccase combined (LXL). Compared with the control, all the additives (especially the bacterium–enzyme combinations) increased the lactic acid (LA) concentration, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content and relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i>; decreased the pH, ammonia–nitrogen (AN) concentration, coliform count and relative abundance of undesirable bacteria such as <i>Enterobacter</i>; and facilitated lignocellulosic degradation. LCX was more effective in degrading neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), decreased the pH, increased the WSC content and simplified the structure of the bacterial network, whereas LXL was better in degrading lignin and enhanced in vitro fermentation efficiency. In addition, LXL improved the silage quality by increasing the acetic acid (AA) concentration and relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i>. Compared with ensiling alone, mixed ensiling balanced the nutrient composition, reduced the butyric acid (BA) concentration and relative abundance of <i>Enterobacter</i>, increased the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i>, increased the bacterial network positive correlation ratio and promoted in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility. Overall, mixed ensiling and bacterium–enzyme inoculation improved fermentation quality.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00760-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil content, fatty acids profile, phenolic compounds and biological activity of the seeds from wild Medicago species growing in Iran","authors":"Ziba Bakhtiar,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Hassandokht,&nbsp;Maryam Fallah,&nbsp;Hassan Rezadoost,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00758-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00758-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Medicago</i> is a significant genus of the Fabaceae family, and the most important species of this genus is <i>M. sativa</i> L., which is cultivated as fodder crops around the world. This study investigates the agro-morphological traits, the content of oils, fatty acids, condensed tannins, total triterpene saponins, and phenolic compounds, as well as biological activities across the seeds of 18 populations from six Iranian <i>Medicago</i> species (<i>M. crassipes</i> (Boiss.) E.Small, <i>M. monantha</i> (C.A.Mey.) Trautv., <i>M. monspeliaca</i> (L.) Trautv., <i>M. orthoceras</i> (Kar. &amp; Kir.) Trautv., <i>M. phrygia</i> (Boiss. &amp; Balansa) E.Small, and <i>M. sativa</i>).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings reveal that seeds of <i>M. sativa</i> and <i>M. phrygia</i> have high oil (9.07 ± 0.05–10.64 ± 0.10%), linoleic acid (31.45 ± 0.54–38.67 ± 0.42%), quercetin (512.12 ± 4.20–574.76 ± 8.75 µg/g dry weight), and apigenin (170.12 ± 2.50–214.23 ± 4.63 µg/g dry weight) content, demonstrating significant antioxidant potential (108.45 ± 0.35–135.55 ± 0.40 μg/ml and 139.35 ± 0.75‒149.47 ± 1.40 μmol Fe⁺²/g dry weight). The seed oils exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against a range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 2 mg/ml across all studied species and populations, indicating strong antibacterial capabilities. Among the species studied, <i>M. sativa</i> and <i>M. phrygia</i> demonstrated the lowest MIC values against the tested bacteria (0.418–0.954 mg/ml) and fungi (0.405–0.940 mg/ml).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings underscore the importance of these <i>Medicago</i> species in both breeding programs and the development of health-related products.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00758-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and analysis of the TBL genes reveals NtTBL31 increases drought resistance of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)","authors":"Sujie Wang,&nbsp;Huan Su,&nbsp;Jingjing Jin,&nbsp;Jiemeng Tao,&nbsp;Zefeng Li,&nbsp;Peijian Cao,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Lu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00752-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00752-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>O-acetylation of cell wall polysaccharides is determined by plant species and tissue type and plays an instrumental role in the growth of plant cells and their interaction with the environment. The trichome birefringence-like (<i>TBL</i>) gene family encodes the acetyltransferases that facilitate O-acetylation. However, no report on the <i>TBL</i> gene family in tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>) can be found.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, 130 <i>TBL</i> genes were identified and characterized; they are distributed across all 24 tobacco chromosomes. Analysis of gene structure and conserved domains and motifs identified five groups of <i>N. tabacum TBL</i> genes (<i>NtTBL</i>). The <i>NtTBL</i> genes underwent segmental duplication and purifying selection. Functional analysis of <i>cis</i>-elements, interaction networks, and expression patterns of <i>NtTBL</i> genes indicated their significant roles in growth and development and stress responses. Furthermore, we validated the pivotal role of <i>NtTBL31</i> in tobacco growth and drought resistance.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study lays a foundation for further functional characterization of the <i>TBL</i> gene family in tobacco.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00752-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated plant physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics reveal tobacco root growth and nicotine synthesis responses in tobacco exposure to different nitrogen forms","authors":"Xinru Li,&nbsp;Heng Yao,&nbsp;Ge Wang,&nbsp;Na Wang,&nbsp;Qi Luo,&nbsp;Gaokun Zhao,&nbsp;Yuping Wu,&nbsp;Guanghai Zhang,&nbsp;Xianchao Duan,&nbsp;Yuxiang Bai,&nbsp;Yu Du,&nbsp;Guanghui Kong,&nbsp;Yongping Li,&nbsp;Peng Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00754-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00754-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L.) is one of the world’s most economically important crops, with nicotine content being a crucial factor in determining its quality and economic value. By integrating plant physiology with transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses, we gained insight into the regulation of nicotine synthesis and metabolism in tobacco seedlings under different forms of nitrogen supply. Our findings revealed that ammonium nitrogen promotes nitrogen transformation in the root system of tobacco seedlings but inhibits root growth, whereas nitrate nitrogen inhibits biochemical processes but enhances root growth. Additionally, we observed that nitrate nitrogen facilitates the NAD + pathway in nicotine biosynthesis but inhibits the polyamine pathway, whereas ammonium nitrogen has the opposite effect. Overall, our comprehensive analysis indicates that the co-application of ammonium nitrate is conducive to nicotine synthesis. These results not only contribute to identifying key genes and metabolites involved in nicotine synthesis, but also provide a theoretical basis for establishing efficient regulation theories and pathways for tobacco's nitrogen utilization. Furthermore, they offer scientific support for future efforts aimed at regulating tobacco nicotine synthesis.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00754-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of nanotechnology to improve the stability and insecticidal activity of spider venom protein Hv1a","authors":"Jun-ming Zhang,&nbsp;Yu-jie Luo,&nbsp;Zhi-yi Xu,&nbsp;Shan-shan Chen,&nbsp;Zhen-peng Kai","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00756-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00756-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With the advancement of nanotechnology, nano biopesticides have gained considerable attention. This study presents a novel method for enhancing the stability and efficacy of the spider venom protein ω-HXTX-Hv1a, an insecticide neurotoxin. The approach involves encapsulating this protein within chitosan cross-linked sodium tripolyphosphate nanocapsules. Such encapsulation is designed to improve the adhesion of Hv1a to leaf surfaces while protecting it from degradation induced by ultraviolet light.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Encapsulation of Hv1a in nanocapsules yielded significant advantages. Specifically, the insecticidal activity of nano-Hv1a was maintained at 37.19 ± 1.23%, in stark contrast to merely 1.60 ± 0.63% for Hv1a after 24 h under conditions conducive to photodegradation. Additionally, the encapsulated form demonstrated a prolonged retention time within insects, resulting in enhanced insecticidal efficacy compared to non-encapsulated Hv1a alone. The study further explored the effects of nano-Hv1a on insect growth patterns, revealing marked weight loss and sustained insecticidal activity beyond that observed with plain Hv1a.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings underscore the potential of nano-Hv1a as an efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative for pest control strategies in agriculture. By improving both stability and effectiveness through advanced encapsulation techniques, this research proposes a viable complement to conventional pesticide practices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00756-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure elucidation of arabinogalactan and arabinogalacturonan from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and evaluation on their immunoregulating effects via TLR2 pathway","authors":"Xiaojun Li,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Huizi Tang,&nbsp;Yu Kou,&nbsp;Yuan Yin,&nbsp;Haiyang Guo,&nbsp;Xue Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00755-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00755-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Polysaccharides were extracted from the roots of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> Georgi using hot water and ethanol precipitation method. The SBP-1 and SBP-2, were obtained after eluting from DE-52 column. The molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage types of SBP-1 and SBP-2 were determined by the high performance gel permeation chromatography, high-performance anion exchange chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy and NMR spectra.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>SBP-1 and SBP-2 were characterized as a homogenous polysaccharide with Mw of 80.5 and 25.8 kDa, respectively. Moreover, there were seven linkage types in the SBP-1 and it was a type II arabinogalactan formed by a (1→6)-linked β-<span>d</span>-Gal<i>p</i> main chain. Whereas, except for the linkage types of α-<span>l</span>-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→, →5)-α-<span>l</span>-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→ and →3,5)-α-<span>l</span>-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→, the SBP-2 enriched with →3,4)-α-<span>d</span>-Gal<i>p</i>A-(1→, →4)-α-<span>d</span>-Gal<i>p</i>A-(1→ and →4)-α-<span>d</span>-Gal<i>p</i>A(OMe)-(1→, indicating the pectic type arabinogalacturonan structure. Moreover, both SBP-1 and SBP-2 exhibited immunoregulatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells by modulating the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, as demonstrated through RNA-seq analysis, western blotting, immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest an immunological basis for the therapeutic potential of <i>S. baicalensis</i>.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00755-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}