Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Supplements enhance antioxidant activity and improve the quality of whole-plant corn silage by altering secondary metabolic pathways and phenolic metabolite composition","authors":"Xue Chen,&nbsp;Yifan Wang,&nbsp;Xinhe Shan,&nbsp;Xiao Chen,&nbsp;Tingting Jia,&nbsp;Jinze Bao,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Zhe Wu,&nbsp;Zhu Yu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00871-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00871-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Whole corn silage (WCS) is susceptible to deterioration during storage. However, suitable supplements can enhance active metabolites, which preserve silage quality and feeding value. This study compared the metabolic responses of WCS treated with <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i> (LB), plant-derived melatonin (ME), and their combination (LB + ME) by evaluating fermentation quality, antioxidant indices, and active metabolites. Compared with that in the control (CK) treatment (348.43 U/g FW), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the LB treatment significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increased to 536.78 U/g FW. Meanwhile, the catalase activity in the ME treatment reached 34.90 nmol/min/g FW, which was significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) higher than that in the CK, LB, and LB + ME treatments. Furthermore, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacities increased to 7.89 and 7.36 μmol Trolox/g DM in the LB and ME treatments, respectively. Similarly, the ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values increased to 10.50 and 9.30 μmol Trolox/g DM in the LB and ME treatments, respectively. Metabolomics analysis revealed 1449 secondary metabolites in WCS, with LB and ME promoting the synthesis of flavonoids, particularly sinapic acid, 1,2,5,7,8-pentahydroxy-3-methylanthracene-9,10-dione, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. A positive correlation was observed between water-soluble carbohydrates, DPPH, FRAP, SOD, chrysoeriol, and kaempferide in LB-treated WCS. In conclusion, the LB treatment exhibited superior antioxidant activities, which ultimately promoted flavonoid synthesis. The findings of this study provide mechanistic insights into the influence of supplements on antioxidant pathways in WCS. The development of WCS additives also provides direction for the optimization of functional additive products.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00871-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of duplex PCR targeting RpmTEs and phcA genes for rapid and simultaneous detection of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum in mulberry and other crops","authors":"Xueming Li,&nbsp;Ting Yuan,&nbsp;Rumei Li,&nbsp;Izhar Hyder Qazi,&nbsp;Jiping Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00857-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00857-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial wilt disease is an important bacterial soil-borne disease that poses a considerable threat to the sericulture and other crop industries. In China, mulberry bacterial wilt disease is caused by <i>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</i> Mori (RPM), while in other crops, this disease is caused by <i>R. pseudosolanacearum</i>. Establishing a rapid detection method for bacterial wilt disease in mulberry and other crops is highly relevant for controlling its spread and damages. In the present study, we targeted the RPM-specific transposase <i>RpmTEs</i> gene (GenBank accession number: SAMN37721522) and <i>R. pseudosolanacearum</i> virulence genes transcriptional regulator <i>phcA</i> gene (GenBank accession number: AL646052.1) for developing a specific duplex PCR (dPCR) assay. The dPCR assay primers were designed, and 198 strains of <i>R. pseudosolanacearum</i> from nine different hosts were used to optimize the reaction system and amplification program. In addition, the RPM-dPCR detection assay was established to test its specificity, sensitivity, and practicality. In terms of specificity, the results showed that the RPM-specific detection primers RpmTEs-1F/R had a 2.27% higher accuracy rate compared to the MG67-F/R primers reported in previous literature. While the primers phcA-1F/R had a 5% higher accuracy rate than the AU759f/AU760r primers reported in previous literature. RPM-dPCR showed a DNA detection sensitivity of 1 pg/µL (equivalent to 1 × 10⁴ CFU/mL) at RpmTEs-1F/R:phcA-1F/R = 0.25:0.5, an annealing temperature of 63 ℃ and 30 cycles. It was found to be highly specific, as it wasn’t affected by non-target bacteria. The RPM detection rate for mulberry bacterial wilt samples (125) was 64.8%, while <i>R. pseudosolanacearum</i> detection rate for other crops’ samples (143) was 46.9%. Compared to traditional isolation method, RPM and <i>R. pseudosolanacearum</i> detection rates were 56.8% and 44.1%, respectively. Traditional isolation methods had a 2.8–8.0% lower detection rate than RPM-dPCR assay. The established RPM-dPCR assay is simple, specific, sensitive, and efficient, as it can be simultaneously used for the rapid detection of bacterial wilt in mulberry and other crops.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00857-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pentamycin derived from Streptomyces murinus TCS22-109 as a promising biocontrol agent against postharvest gray mold and soft rot","authors":"Jing Duan,&nbsp;Xuan Hu,&nbsp;Shaoyong Zhang,&nbsp;Jidong Wang,&nbsp;Fei Chen,&nbsp;Ezzeldin Ibrahim,&nbsp;Dan Wang,&nbsp;Haiping Lin","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00877-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00877-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The majority of plant diseases are caused by pathogenic fungi, leading to huge losses in agriculture and forestry. Recently, the isolation and identification of antifungal compounds from actinomycetes have emerged as effective strategies for developing novel biological fungicides. In this study, the antagonistic strain TCS22-109 demonstrated broad-spectrum antifungal activity against six common pathogenic fungi and was identified as <i>Streptomyces murinus</i> based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as phylogenetic analysis of the <i>16S rRNA</i> gene sequence. To tap into the bioactive potential of actinomycetes, an antifungal activity-guided isolation was performed on the fermentation extracts of strain TCS22-109. As a result, two antifungal compounds, actinomycin D and pentamycin, were isolated from TCS22-109, and their chemical structures were elucidated using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and HR-MS (high-resolution mass spectrometry) analysis. Among these, pentamycin exhibited notable broad-spectrum antifungal properties, particularly against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that pentamycin inhibited the mycelial growth of <i>B. cinerea</i> and induced sporulation. Additionally, treatment with pentamycin led to ergosterol depletion and enhanced intracellular leakage in <i>B. cinerea</i> mycelium, indicating damage to cell membranes. Furthermore, pentamycin effectively protected postharvest fruit from gray mold caused by <i>B. cinerea</i>. These findings suggest that pentamycin derived from <i>S. murinus</i> TCS22-109 holds promise as a natural fungicide for managing plant and postharvest fruit diseases.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00877-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145406480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of yucca extract on dynamic nutrient change, greenhouse gas emissions, and microbial community during chicken manure storage","authors":"Zhipeng Wu,&nbsp;Simin Liu,&nbsp;Yaqi Li,&nbsp;Siyu Fan,&nbsp;Shuaixin Tian,&nbsp;Guoyan Zhang,&nbsp;Yichun Liu,&nbsp;Hongliang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00874-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00874-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Liquid manure storage contributes substantially to environmental emissions within manure management systems. This study evaluated <i>Yucca schidigera</i> extract (YE) as a sustainable microbial modulator for mitigating ammonia (NH₃) and greenhouse gas emissions during 60-day storage of liquid chicken manure. Three treatments were established: no additive (control, CK), 0.1% biological deodorant (positive control, BF), and 0.5% YE. The results demonstrated that both YE and BF significantly reduced electrical conductivity (EC) (YE: 38.35%; BF: 34.51%) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) content (YE: 14.15%; BF: 20.21%) relative to CK, while elevating the <i>C/N</i> ratio by 9.97% (YE) and 18.63% (BF). Total nitrogen decreased by 23.88% (YE) and 26.34% (BF) from initial levels. In addition, the cumulative NH₃ emissions of YE and BF decreased significantly by 20.18% and 20.12% compared to CK. However, YE increased CH₄ emissions by 17.43%, elevating global warming potential, whereas BF exhibited no significant effect on CH₄. Neither additive influenced CO₂ or N₂O emissions. Microbial analysis revealed YE enriched <i>Firmicutes</i> (e.g., <i>Fermentimonas</i>), while BF enhanced <i>Actinobacteriota</i> (e.g., <i>Corynebacterium</i>) and <i>Proteobacteria</i>. Both additives suppressed ammonia-producing bacteria (e.g., <i>Proteiniphilum</i>). Mantel tests analysis indicated NH₃ emissions correlated positively with EC and NH₄⁺-N (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), while CH₄ emissions correlated with organic matter (OM) content (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). These findings elucidate the microbial mechanisms of YE in mitigating the NH₃ emission during liquid manure storage, whereas YE may induce trade-offs in CH₄ emission. In the future, the formulation of compound plant-derived additives will be necessary for the synergetic abatement of carbon and nitrogen gases.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00874-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145406157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization and bioactivity of a novel α-(1 → 4)-glucan from Lentinus edodes with immunomodulatory and gut microbiota-modulating potential","authors":"Xingbo Bian,&nbsp;Xuefeng Bian,&nbsp;Xiaohang Yang,&nbsp;Yan Zhao,&nbsp;Xue Zhao,&nbsp;Xin Sun,&nbsp;Xialin Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00876-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00876-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lentinus edodes&lt;/i&gt;, commonly known as shiitake mushrooms, is widely cultivated for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It has been traditionally used for enhancing immune function, reducing inflammation, and providing antioxidant protection. Among its bioactive components, polysaccharides, particularly β-glucans, have attracted considerable attention for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. However, less is known about α-glucans, which differ in structure and biological activity from β-glucans. This study aims to isolate and characterize an α-glucan from &lt;i&gt;L. edodes&lt;/i&gt; (LEP1), investigating its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation and its potential to modulate gut microbiota in mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Crude polysaccharides were extracted from &lt;i&gt;L. edodes&lt;/i&gt; and purified to obtain LEP1. LEP1 was characterized using various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), molecular weight determination, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The effects of LEP1 were evaluated in a mouse model of LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Mice were treated with low- and high-doses of LEP1, and various parameters such as body weight, organ indices, and histopathological changes were assessed. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were analyzed, and gut microbiota composition was studied using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;LEP1 significantly alleviated LPS-induced weight loss, reduced organ atrophy, and improved colon length. Treatment with LEP1 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] and restored antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] in liver and colon tissues. Histopathological analysis showed that LEP1 alleviated liver and colon damage caused by LPS, including inflammation and epithelial disruption. LEP1 inhibited the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathways while upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) antioxidant pathway. In addition, LEP1 reshaped the gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacteria, such as &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Allobaculum&lt;/i&gt;, while decreasing harmful taxa such as &lt;i&gt;Escherichia-Shigella&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;LEP1, an α-glucan derived from &lt;i&gt;L. edodes&lt;/i&gt;, exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in LPS-induced mice, partly through the modulation of key signaling pathways, such as NF-κB/NLRP3 and Nrf2/HO-1. In addition, LEP1 positively affects gut microbiota composition, contributing to its systemic anti-inflammatory effects. These findings indicate that LEP1 shows potential as a functional food ingredient that may mitig","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00876-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145406026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive adsorption of phytotoxic exchangeable Al3+ and directed enrichment of microbial community introduced by base ion-enriched additive and industrial by-product enhance soil fertility and maize yield","authors":"Debo He,&nbsp;Zhixin Dong,&nbsp;Bo Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00872-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00872-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Soil acidification seriously threatens sustainable agriculture by promoting phytotoxic exchangeable aluminum ions (Al³⁺) accumulation and impairing crop growth. However, conventional soil amendments, such as lime and biochar, have known limitations, making the introduction of more sustainable soil amendments crucial for mitigating soil acidification. Furthermore, the biological and chemical mechanisms by which amendments alleviate acidification and enhance soil fertility remain unclear. This impedes the search for more cost-effective soil amendments to rehabilitate infertile acidic soils.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, pot experiments, microbial sequencing, and molecular modeling calculations were employed to assess the response of soil fertility and maize yield to the combined application of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and desulfurized phosphogypsum (DP) in strongly acidic soils, as well as the underlying biological and molecular dynamic mechanisms.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results indicated that CMC + DP significantly reduced soil exchangeable Al³⁺ by 78.68–79.60%, while enhancing the base ion concentration by 59.93–102.27% and acid buffering capacity by 46.47–49.55% compared to the control (CK) in strongly acidic soils. Additionally, CMC + DP-amended soil exhibited a 24.47–48.65% increase in photosynthetic rate and a 50.57–155.48% increase in the weight of 100 grains. CMC contributed to Al³⁺ immobilization and base ion release via competitive electrostatic attraction and complexation of Al³⁺ on the surface of –COOH and –OH functional groups. CMC + DP application promoted direct enrichment of microbial communities, increasing the abundance of functional microbial taxa, including Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, and Ascomycota, and soil enzymes related to organic matter decomposition and phosphorus metabolism.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that CMC + DP could be used as a promising strategy to mitigate soil acidification, enhance soil fertility and crop yield, and highlight the synergistic potential of biodegradable polymers and industrial by-products for acidic soil remediation. They enhance our understanding of the synergistic biological and molecular dynamic mechanisms of amendments, mitigating soil acidification and enhancing soil fertility. These findings may help identify more effective soil amendments and application strategies to ensure cropland health and promote sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00872-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of plasma-activated fog (PAF) in postharvest treatments to reduce spoilage by fungal pathogens and pesticide residues in fruits","authors":"Domenico Aceto,&nbsp;Palma Rosa Rotondo,&nbsp;Sebastiano Laera,&nbsp;Marianna Ambrico,&nbsp;Crescenza Dongiovanni,&nbsp;Giorgio Dilecce,&nbsp;Francesco Faretra,&nbsp;Paolo Francesco Ambrico,&nbsp;Rita Milvia De Miccolis Angelini","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00865-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00865-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>During storage, fruits and vegetables are susceptible to the pathogens responsible for postharvest decay. Various tools are available to manage these issues, but not all are environmentally sustainable. Low-temperature plasma (LTP) has garnered significant attention among the most promising and eco-friendly solutions. LTP can be applied directly or indirectly, offering versatile applications. One notable indirect application is the utilization of plasma-activated water (PAW). In this study, we investigated the efficacy of an aerosol made by droplets of water nebulized by the effluent gases of a plasma discharge as a delivery method of PAW to substrates. We named this novel application, reported for the first time, plasma-activated fog (PAF). In this work, it was tested as a new alternative technology for fruit decontamination against postharvest fungal pathogens and pesticide residues.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>PAF was generated via volume dielectric barrier discharge (VDBD) in a jet-like configuration and was applied to evaluate the in vitro effects on the conidial germination of major fungal postharvest pathogens, such as <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i> sp., <i>Monilinia fructicola</i>, <i>Penicillium italicum</i>, <i>Penicillium expansum</i> and <i>Rhizopus</i> sp. Differences in fungal sensitivity to PAF were recorded, with <i>A. alternata</i> showing the lowest sensitivity to treatments. For most species, complete spore inhibition was obtained after 3–5 min of exposure. The efficacy of PAF against fungal rot was assessed on table grapes and strawberries, revealing a reduction in the percentage of rotted fruits exposed to 10 min of treatment, ranging from 45 to 80% on table grapes and from 52 to 74% on strawberries. PAF treatments also reduced pesticide residues on grape bunches and strawberry fruits, with various results depending on the active ingredient, with reductions of up to 96% for abamectin among insecticides and acaricides, and up to 38% for the fungicide fenhexamid.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results obtained in the present work have the potential to refine and optimize PAF treatment conditions for the antimicrobial decontamination of plant products.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00865-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propylene glycol-based green extraction of polyphenols from industrial hemp stems: process optimization and bioactivity assessment","authors":"Hla Myo,&nbsp;Nuntawat Khat-udomkiri,&nbsp;Pornpat Sam-ang,&nbsp;Anuchit Phanumartwiwath","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00870-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00870-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industrial hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. subsp. <i>sativa</i>) is a multipurpose crop widely cultivated for its fibers, seeds, and oils. Despite the common use of hemp stems for fiber production in textiles and construction, they are frequently discarded as agricultural waste. This study aimed to enhance the utilization of hemp stems through the optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) employing aqueous propylene glycol solvent system as the extraction solvent, guided by Box–Behnken design (BBD). The optimal extraction parameters—an extraction duration of 30 min, a solvent–solute ratio of 28.25 mL/g, and a PG concentration of 32.72%—resulted in a hemp stem extract (HUPG) enriched with bioactive constituents exhibiting significant antioxidant activity. Following analysis by LC–QTOF–MS/MS, a total of 18 phytochemicals were detected, including isofeuric acid, <i>m</i>-coumaric acid, and chelidonic acid. HUPG exhibited antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus epidermidis</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and anti-inflammatory effects through 5-lipoxygenase inhibition and NO radical scavenging (1.41 ± 0.38 mg GAE/g). In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, HUPG demonstrated inhibitory effect on NO production. Moreover, it enhanced wound closure in HaCaT cells (51.92 ± 6.05% at 10 mg/mL). These findings highlight the promise of HUPG as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00870-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar accelerates straw decomposition and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by driving microbial community dynamics","authors":"Shijing Zhang,&nbsp;Geyi Xu,&nbsp;Xiaolin Quan,&nbsp;Xudong Tan,&nbsp;Rongxuan Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Fu,&nbsp;Hua Peng,&nbsp;Si Luo","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00869-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00869-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The rational utilization of agricultural straw is crucial for improving soil fertility and reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). The purpose of this study was to investigate how rice (RB) and maize (MB) straw-derived biochar, produced at varying pyrolysis temperatures and application rates, regulated straw decomposition and GHGs by reshaping soil microbial communities and physicochemical properties.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Through 90-day incubation experiments, it was found that biochar produced using low temperature (300 °C) at 2.5–5.0% application rates significantly accelerated straw decomposition by 14.94–36.04% and reduced CH₄ and N₂O emissions by up to 37.84–90.26% and 41.60–91.10%, respectively. Application of biochar produced using low-temperature method enhanced the soil organic matter (9.92–29.26%), pH (1.82–11.32%), and soil enzyme activities (cellulase: 7.84–22.90%, <i>β</i>-glucosidase: 49.92–75.32%), while altering microbial communities, especially increasing copiotrophic bacteria (e.g., <i>Proteobacteria, Ascomycota</i>) in rice grown soils linked to rapid decomposition and reducing <i>Ascomycota</i> dominance in maize soil with altering nutrient dynamics due to higher C/N ratios. Path analysis indicated strong biochar–enzyme–decomposition linkages (normalized coefficient: 0.92), emphasizing microbial community structure as a pivotal mediator. In contrast, biochar produced through high pyrolysis temperatures (mentioning the temperature) diminished effectiveness due to higher structural stability and potential limitations in microbial activity.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results indicate that application rates of 2.5–5.0% biochar produced through low temperature can effectively balance straw decomposition and GHGs reduction, offering a sustainable approach for straw management in rice and maize cultivation. These findings provide scientific support for optimizing biochar use in agriculture, contributing to improved soil health and climate change mitigation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00869-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil derived metabolic profiling and their impact on the root growth in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)","authors":"Lingling Wu,&nbsp;Muhammad J. Umer,&nbsp;Yanbin Hong,&nbsp;Weicai Jin,&nbsp;Zhihui Sun,&nbsp;Shaoxiong Li,&nbsp;Xiaoping Chen,&nbsp;Qing Lu,&nbsp;Yuan Xiao,&nbsp;Hao Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00868-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00868-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant growth is intricately regulated by soil ecosystems, where dynamic interactions between plants and soil metabolites shape root development. As critical mediators of these interactions, soil metabolites not only reflect biogeochemical cycling but also directly modulate root morphogenesis by eliciting stimulatory or inhibitory responses. To decode the mechanisms driving peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) root system development, utilizing UPLC-HRMS we profiled 702 soil specific metabolites across soil samples collected from five different regions. Further 118 differentially expressed metabolites were identified in collected soil samples, and 10 metabolites were selected to validate their function associated with peanut root length phenotype. Through systematic screening, four root promoting metabolites (nicotinamide, carbendazim, vanillic acid, and raffinose) and four phytotoxic compounds (phthalic acid, myristic acid, formononetin, and syringic acid) were identified. Our results showed that the seedlings treated with nicotinamide, carbendazim, vanillic acid, and raffinose promotes root elongation by up to 28.3% as compared to untreated seeds. Whereas, seedlings treated with phthalic acid, myristic acid, formononetin, and syringic acid, suppressed root growth by 56.6%, demonstrating a bimodal inhibition pattern. Dose response assays revealed hierarchical efficacy among these metabolites, with carbendazim and formononetin representing the most potent enhancer and suppressor, respectively. Current findings reveal a causal link between soil metabolite composition and peanut root development, providing a biochemical basis for harnessing soil specific metabolites in precision agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00868-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}