Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Temporal coordination of jasmonate signaling and defence responses mediates arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-induced resistance in tomato against Spodoptera litura","authors":"Ruicheng Liu,&nbsp;Wenhui Yao,&nbsp;Jingli Lv,&nbsp;Wenxiu Liang,&nbsp;Yuhong Mei,&nbsp;Yanhong Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00979-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00979-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have attracted considerable attention for their roles in enhancing plant stress resistance and elucidating the underlying mechanisms. However, the effects and mechanisms of AMF in regulating plant resistance to insect herbivores remain insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated how AMF modulates tomato resistance to <i>Spodoptera litura</i> using a factorial experimental design integrating AMF inoculation and insect herbivory, and further examined the associated physiological and molecular responses to explore the underlying mechanisms.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>AMF significantly increased the expression of phosphorus transporter genes <i>SlPT4</i> and <i>SlPT5</i>, enhanced phosphorus content, and promoted tomato growth. AMF inoculation also suppressed larval growth of <i>S. litura</i>, reduced leaf damage, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. At 24 h after herbivory, AMF enhanced the expression of JA biosynthesis-related genes (<i>SlAOC</i>, S<i>lOPR3</i>, and <i>SlLOXD</i>), increased jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-Ile levels, and reduced abscisic acid (ABA) content. At 48 h, AMF increased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels and further upregulated insect resistance-related genes, including <i>SlPI1</i>, <i>SlPI2</i>, and S<i>lTD</i>.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that AMF suppresses <i>S. litura</i> feeding and enhances tomato resistance, with temporal changes in hormonal signaling and defense responses.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00979-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate polyamine metabolism and antioxidant activity of Sorghum halepense grown in uranium-contaminated soils","authors":"Yun-Mu Zhang,&nbsp;Bin Liu,&nbsp;Yun-Mei Lu,&nbsp;Ren-Hua Huang,&nbsp;Abeer Hashem,&nbsp;Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah,&nbsp;Qiang-Sheng Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00980-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00980-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Uranium (U) contamination poses a serious threat to ecosystems. Phytoremediation offers an eco-friendly solution but is often limited by metal toxicity in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance plant tolerance and improve phytoremediation efficiency, while their specific interaction with polyamine (PA) metabolism under U stress remains unclear. This study investigates how AMF inoculation influences PA metabolism, antioxidant activity, and U uptake in <i>Sorghum halepense</i> (L.) Pers. ( <i>S. halepense</i>).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>U stress disrupted PA metabolism in <i>S. halepense</i>, leading to significant accumulation of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), with Put showing the most pronounced increase. This metabolic disturbance was accompanied by elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA), ultimately resulting in oxidative damage. Inoculation with <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> (<i>F. mosseae</i>) enhanced the activities of key metabolic enzymes—diamine oxidase, polyamine oxidase, arginine decarboxylase, and ornithine decarboxylase—thereby promoting the conversion of Put to Spd and Spm. This shift increased the (Spd + Spm)/Put ratio by 1.99-fold and restored PA homeostasis. Consequently, AMF inoculation reduced H₂O₂ and MDA levels, raised the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in roots by 1.30-fold, and enhanced U immobilization, elevating root U content by 1.99-fold compared with the non-inoculated control.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><i>F. mosseae</i> mitigated U-induced oxidative stress in <i>S. halepense</i> through the modulation of PA metabolism, thereby enhancing antioxidant capacity and contributing to increased U immobilization in roots. Accordingly, <i>F. mosseae</i> emerges as a promising symbiotic strategy for the phytoremediation of U-contaminated soils.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00980-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kapok tree–induced biochemical hotspots regulate microbial nitrogen cycling and mineralization in tropical kapok–rice agroforestry soils","authors":"Sehrish Ali,&nbsp;Wen-Qian Xiang,&nbsp;Waqas Ahmed,&nbsp;Avelino Núñez-Delgado,&nbsp;Muhammad Qaisar Naeem Khan,&nbsp;Ming-Xun Ren","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00968-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00968-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Agroforestry integrates trees with crops to leverage biochemical processes for improved nutrient cycling and sustainable agricultural production. Understanding of the nitrogen (N) dynamics is fundamental to accurately determine the role of agroforestry systems and their potential contributions to socio-environmental benefits. This study investigates the spatiotemporal biochemical dynamics of soil N cycling in a traditional kapok <i>(Bombax ceiba)</i>–rice agroforestry system in western Hainan, China, focusing on tree-induced effects on microbial pathways and nutrient availability. We assessed soil properties, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN), N-acquiring enzyme activities leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP) and N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), bacterial/fungal communities, and net N mineralization (No) along a three distance gradient from kapok trees and across five rice growth stages.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results revealed significantly elevated soil nutrient availability, SMBC (397.97 mg kg⁻¹), SMBN (131.56 mg kg⁻¹), and enzyme activities (LAP: 88.68 μmol h⁻1 g⁻1; NAG: 24.88 μmol h⁻1 g⁻1) at the maturity stage and closest to trees (D0). A 90-day incubation demonstrated highest net N mineralization potential (N_o: 63.15 mg kg⁻1) and mineralization rate constant (k) at maturity near trees (D0), well-fitted by a pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.95–0.99). Both tree proximity and rice reproductive stages significantly influenced microbial alpha diversity. Soil properties emerged as the strongest direct predictor of net N mineralization (R2 = 0.42), with microbial biomass and enzyme activities acting as key indirect pathways.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings indicate that kapok trees enhance N availability by creating localized hotspots of microbial activity and enzyme production, thereby improving soil N cycling and supporting sustainable rice production in tropical systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00968-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based milk alternatives with a focus on millet milk for nutrition, health, and sustainability","authors":"Vishavjeet Rathee,&nbsp;Dravin Pratap Singh,&nbsp;Ila Singh,&nbsp;Ekta Chauhan,&nbsp;Sonali Kumar,&nbsp;Yogesh K. Ahlawat,&nbsp;Avni Vij,&nbsp;Fatemeh Shahdadi,&nbsp;Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj,&nbsp;Sachin Gupta","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00975-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00975-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Since the ancient time milk and its products are serving as a central component of the human diet because of their nutrient rich content and variegated functional bioactive molecules. Nonetheless, the advent of lactose intolerance, milk allergies, and environmental sustainability factors has expedited the transition from conventional milk derived from animal sources to the alternative milk derived from plants and cereals.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This review article critically analyses the ingredients of milk obtained from <i>Lactalia</i> species, such as, cow, Buffalo, goat, and camel, and the milk processed from plants, for e.g., soy milk, almond milk, oat milk, rice milk, coconut milk, and millet milk, in association to its nutritional factors, fermentation potential, health benefits, and possible risks. Plant-based milk especially millet milk is a new and sustainable source of high-quality protein (gluten-free), fiber, and slowly digested carbohydrates, which can help in regulating glucose and cholesterol in the bloodstream; however, it amino acids profile may require complementation to match animal-derived proteins. This review focuses on the mechanisms—such as lipid metabolism, calcium absorption, gut microbiota modification, and antioxidant effects—that underlie the health-promoting qualities of milk and its fermented variants. It also covers possible negative consequences resulting from different biological mechanisms, including casein allergy as an immunological reaction to milk proteins, lactose intolerance as a result of decreased lactase activity, and possible hormonal modulation linked to phytoestrogens in some plant-based milk substitutes.</p><p>Fermentation is highlighted as an integral step with increased benefits for digestibility due to the reduction in the level of anti-nutrients, improvement in the level of probiotics, and overall functionality improvement for both animal and plant sources of milk. Moreover, the mechanisms pertaining to the diseases are examined in detail with the identification of potential milk constituents responsible for the development and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and cancers. Lastly, the sustainability issues for milk products are examined with millet milk being identified as the novel renewable milk source.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, this review contains the throughgoing information set pertaining to the availability, tolerance potential, and environment effects, both for the animal and plant-based of milks including their fermented forms.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00975-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of phenyl-oxime derivatives as selective algicides for harmful algae","authors":"Yeo Jin Kim,&nbsp;Jun Young Lee,&nbsp;Bong Gyu Choi,&nbsp;Jin-Seog Kim,&nbsp;Hasoo Seong,&nbsp;Chul Min Park,&nbsp;Seok Ki Min,&nbsp;Hyun-Suk Yeom,&nbsp;Joon-Ho Lee","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00978-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00978-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Harmful algal blooms (HABs) threaten water quality and aquatic life, yet many chemical controls raise concerns about non-target toxicity. There is a need for selective algicides that effectively inhibit target microalgae while minimizing impacts on non-target organisms and the environment.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We synthesized 31 phenyl-oxime derivatives and quantified algicidal activity against the green microalga Scenedesmus rotundus (hereafter Scero) using in vivo chlorophyll-reduction assays alongside non-target acute-toxicity tests against Lemna paucicostata (hereafter LEMPA) and three non-target animal species. A lead compound, (E)-1-(4-bromo-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one O-benzyl oxime (KH08), strongly inhibited green microalgae, notably Scero, while showing minimal activity toward LEMPA. Under matched conditions, KH08 achieved comparable or greater inhibition than glutaraldehyde for green microalgae, whereas its activity against cyanobacteria was strain-dependent: sub-micromolar inhibition was observed against Microcystis aeruginosa (FBCC strain), while three other cyanobacterial strains remained largely insensitive at concentrations up to 5.0 μM. Acute toxicity was low under our test conditions (Daphnia magna EC₅₀ 3.11–4.80 mg/L; fish LC₅₀ &gt; 2.0 mg/L; mouse LD₅₀ &gt; 2000 mg/kg).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Collectively, these findings position KH08 as a selective algicide candidate with practical relevance for microalgal control and motivate further evaluation under environmentally realistic scenarios.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00978-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochar can mitigate the warming-induced paddy GHG emissions but not the increase in NH3 volatilization","authors":"Tingting Xu,&nbsp;Chen Han,&nbsp;Yanfang Feng,&nbsp;Yu Jiang,&nbsp;Pengfu Hou,&nbsp;Ganghua Li,&nbsp;Lihong Xue,&nbsp;Linzhang Yang,&nbsp;Yanfeng Ding","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00981-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00981-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Limiting warming-induced increases in paddy NH₃ volatilization (NV) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is critical. While hydrochar reduce both, its efficacy under warming remains unclear.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>To address this gap, an in-situ microcosm column experiment was employed to examine the impact of hydrochar addition on NV and GHG emissions from paddies under experimental warming (ET, 1.1 ~ 1.3 °C) and ambient control (AC), with (WHC) and without hydrochar (CKU). Results showed no significant interactive effects between warming and hydrochar on cumulative NV, seasonal CH₄ and N₂O emissions. Compared to AC, ET treatments unsurprisingly increased NV and GHG emissions, with significant differences in NV and CH₄ emissions. Fortunately, WHC treatment not only reduced CH₄ emissions under both temperature conditions but also tended to decrease N₂O emissions under warming conditions. Notably, under ambient control conditions, WHC treatment reduced NV by 29.60% compared to CKU, whereas, under warming conditions, NV losses were comparable between the two treatments. Moreover, N concentration and soil physicochemical properties (pH, carbon and nitrogen contents) were identified as the primary factors determining NV and CH₄ emissions, respectively, whilst N₂O emissions were influenced by soil pH, dissolved organic carbon, and microbial (<i>nir</i>K and AOA genes).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, hydrochar can mitigate warming-induced paddy GHG emissions but not the increase in NV, which warrants attention.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00981-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize roots: influence of cover crops and microbial inoculation","authors":"Soheila Lahijanian,&nbsp;Jacob Schmidt,&nbsp;Ulf Feuerstein,&nbsp;Andrea Polle","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00982-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00982-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbioses with crops, enhancing nutrient uptake and stress tolerance. However, their responses to agronomic practices such as cover cropping and microbial grain inoculation remain poorly understood under field conditions. For maize, one of the world’s most important crops, it is still unclear how these management strategies influence AMF colonization, diversity, and community composition across growth stages and seasons, and whether they ultimately affect yield.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We investigated maize root AMF colonization and community structure under cover cropping and microbial inoculation in two subsequent years with field rotation. In the first year, AMF colonization and richness followed a clear temporal pattern, peaking at the vegetative stage and declining toward maturity, while no seasonality was observed in the second year. These patterns likely reflected differences in environmental conditions (weather, soil fertility) between the field rotations. Contrary to expectations, cover crops did not enhance AMF colonization. The AMF species used for maize grain inoculation were also part of the resident community and colonized roots, being most abundant in the drier season, yet inoculation did not increase overall colonization. Shannon diversity was unaffected by crop growth stage but declined under both cover cropping and inoculation, indicating moderate changes in community composition rather than dominance by single taxa. Multivariate analyses showed that cover crops modified community composition in one year, though responses of individual taxa were limited. Despite these shifts, neither cover cropping nor inoculation consistently improved maize yield. The highest yields occurred in non-inoculated plots, with cover crops supporting productivity only in the wetter year and reducing it under stress.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>AMF colonization and community composition in maize were driven by crop phenology and environmental conditions, whereas cover cropping and inoculation did not consistently enhance yield. These treatments modulated AMF diversity and composition in ways that may promote soil resilience under changing climatic conditions. Aligning AMF- and cover crop–based practices with site-specific environments can support more sustainable maize production.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00982-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis of the metabolic regulatory network in response to mechanical damage stress in Dongzao","authors":"Yanjun Ma,&nbsp;Jie Ma,&nbsp;Jia Wang,&nbsp;Jun Luo,&nbsp;Qiuyan Song,&nbsp;Hongjin Bai,&nbsp;Peng Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00963-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00963-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bioinformatics studies of fruit responses to postharvest mechanical damage provide crucial insights for cultivar improvement, logistics optimization, and quality monitoring. However, systematic multi‑omics analyses of Dongzao under such stress remain limited.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Here, an integrated bioinformatics approach elucidates key molecular pathways activated in Dongzao to counteract compression injury through coordinated physical and chemical defense mechanisms. Following mechanical injury, key genes involved in lignin biosynthesis (4CL, CAD, POD, and LAC) were up-regulated, activating pathways such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and glycerolipid metabolism, thereby promoting the synthesis of antioxidant and protective compounds. Within the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, 51 differentially expressed genes and four differential metabolites were identified, suggesting that the fruit primarily responds to mechanical stress through enhanced lignin biosynthesis.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study elucidates the multiple metabolic mechanisms by which Dongzao resists compressive mechanical damage, providing crucial biological targets for subsequent technical optimization and cultivar breeding.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00963-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of drought stress in wheat by Bacillus xiamenensis and Bacillus gibsonii through improved growth, nitrogen dynamics, and urease activity","authors":"Khadim Dawar,&nbsp;Siraj Khan,&nbsp;Imran Ahmad,&nbsp;Mehboob Alam,&nbsp;Ishaq Ahmad Mian,&nbsp;Asim Muhammad,&nbsp;Hamayoon Khan,&nbsp;Parviz Fatullayev,&nbsp;Hossam S. El-Beltagi,&nbsp;Nazih Y. Rebouh","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00967-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00967-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Drought stress is a major abiotic constraint that limits crop productivity by reducing photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, nitrogen uptake, and soil microbial activity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer a promising strategy to mitigate these adverse effects. However, limited information is available on the integrated role of <i>Bacillus xiamenensis</i> and <i>Bacillus gibsonii</i> in regulating nitrogen dynamics and urease activity for improving wheat growth under drought conditions. This study was conducted with the hypothesis that consortia inoculation of <i>B. xiamenensis</i> and <i>B. gibsonii</i> would be more effective than individual application in enhancing wheat growth under drought stress. The novelty of the present study lies in elucidating the role of these bacterial strains in regulating nitrogen dynamics and urease activity to alleviate drought stress in wheat. Therefore, total three water regimes were established: control (0% stress; 75% FC), mild drought stress (40% reduced water from 75% FC, i.e., ~ 45% FC), and severe drought stress (80% reduced water from 75% FC, i.e., ~ 15% FC). Each treatment (no strain, <i>B. xiamenesis</i> and <i>B. gibsonii</i>) was applied under a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replicates. </p><h3>Results</h3><p>Inoculation with <i>B. xiamenensis</i> significantly alleviated drought-induced constraints in wheat by enhancing nitrogen acquisition, and soil urease activity. Under 40% drought stress, <i>B. xiamenensis</i> increased chlorophyll a (52%), total chlorophyll (66%), net photosynthesis (73%), shoot nitrogen (53%), and soil urease activity (79%) over control. Under severe stress (80%), <i>B. xiamenensis</i> also enhanced chlorophyll a (44%), net photosynthesis (95%), shoot nitrogen (74%), and soil urease activity (105%) over control. This suggests a strong linkage of nitrogen uptake and soil urease activity with improved wheat growth. In contrast, <i>B. gibsonii</i> also improved these physiological and soil urease activity but to a lesser extent than <i>B. xiamenensis</i>.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, <i>B. xiamenensis</i> proved more effective than <i>B. gibsonii</i> in mitigating drought stress in wheat by improving nitrogen uptake, and soil urease activity under drought stress. These findings directly align with the study objective of evaluating rhizobacterial effects under drought stress and confirm the superior performance of <i>B. xiamenensis</i> in sustaining physiological and biochemical processes. Future studies should validate these results under field conditions and further investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in rhizobacteria-mediated drought tolerance.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00967-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and prospect of cinnamic acid-derived scaffold in pesticide discovery","authors":"Yuntian Zhang,&nbsp;Zihan Wu,&nbsp;Jinyao Xu,&nbsp;Zhenghao Li,&nbsp;Yanchun Sun,&nbsp;Hongliang Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00971-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00971-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural products often exhibit a variety of biological activities, and structural optimization based on natural products has become an effective approach for developing green pesticides. Cinnamic acid, a representative natural product extracted from cinnamon bark, consists of three structural moieties: a benzene ring, an ethylene double bond, and a carboxyl functional group. Its unique chemical structure endows it with diverse possibilities for derivatization. The pharmaceutically active derivatives and commercial drugs derived therefrom continue to emerge. Although cinnamic acid is widely applied in pharmaceutical research and the food industry, its potential in the development of green pesticides has yet to be fully explored. Based on this, this review systematically summarizes the research progress of cinnamic acid-derived scaffold derivatives in the development of novel pesticides over the past three decades. It further explores their biological activities, structure-activity relationships (SAR), and mechanisms of action, which is expected to provide theoretical basis and innovative insights for the further application of cinnamic structures in the field of green pesticide development.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00971-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}