Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical profiling and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of fifteen Iranian Astragalus species: towards new sources of astragalosides","authors":"Ali Salehzadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili,&nbsp;Mansoureh Tavan,&nbsp;Ali Sonboli,&nbsp;Shahrokh Kazempour-Osaloo,&nbsp;Samad Nejad Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00888-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00888-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Astragalus</i> L. (Fabaceae), a genus rich in bioactive triterpene saponins like astragalosides (ASTs), is recognized for its diverse biological activities. The present study aimed to quantify ASTs I, II, and IV in root extracts of fifteen Iranian <i>Astragalus</i> species. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of root extracts from astragaloside-rich species was also evaluated, and their neuroprotective effects were estimated using molecular docking analysis. Additionally, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity in root and aerial parts of species were evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p><i>A. michauxianus</i> and <i>A. gossypinus</i> yielded the highest ASTs I and IV content (2.49 ± 0.03 and 6.27 ± 0.89 mg/g DW, respectively), among <i>Astragalus</i> species examined in this study. TPC and TFC of roots were higher than that of aerial parts for all species, and the highest TPC and TFC were obtained for <i>A. verus</i> (12.12 ± 1.05 mg GAE/g DW) and <i>A. floccosus</i> (115.48 ± 1.54 mg RUE /g DW), respectively. Furthermore, the aerial parts extracts of <i>A. remotijugus</i> and <i>A. aduncus</i> showed the best free radical scavenging ability with the lowest IC₅₀ values (28.83 ± 0.64 and 28.86 ± 0.64 μg/mL, respectively), while for <i>A. gossypinus</i> and <i>A. floccosus</i>, the best scavenging ability (IC₅₀) was displayed in root extracts (23.32 ± 0.79 and 23.45 ± 0.74 μg/mL, respectively). The highest AChE inhibitory activity was exhibited by <i>A. aduncus</i> with the lowest IC₅₀ (200 ± 14.02 µg/ mL), followed by <i>A. gossypinus</i> and <i>A. michauxianus</i>. Moreover, molecular docking studies revealed that astragaloside I exhibits the strongest binding affinity to AChE (− 7.610 kcal/mol), forming multiple stabilizing interactions within the active site, suggesting its superior inhibitory potential compared to astragalosides II and IV.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings highlight the potential of selected <i>Astragalus</i> species as valuable resources for pharmaceutical applications and provide a foundation for future breeding programs aimed at maximizing ASTs production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00888-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145561657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic insights into selenium‐mediated mitigation of low‐temperature stress in alfalfa","authors":"Runze Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Qie,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan Malik,&nbsp;Xinyao Li,&nbsp;Shengping Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaotian Zhang,&nbsp;Qunying Zhang,&nbsp;Jianbo Zhang,&nbsp;Cai Sun,&nbsp;Yajun Zhang,&nbsp;Yaling Lu,&nbsp;Qiang Ma,&nbsp;Yingkui Yang,&nbsp;Binqiang Bai,&nbsp;Lizhuang Hao","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00885-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00885-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa L.</i>) is one of the most important forage crop in northern China, suffers from low-temperature (LT) stress, which significantly impairs its yield. While selenium (Se) supplementation has been reported to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in plants, the underlying molecular mechanisms in alfalfa remain poorly understood. This study aims to explore how Se mediates LT tolerance in alfalfa through transcriptomic analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Selenium significantly increased total Se in both shoots and roots, enhanced root-to-shoot translocation, and under low temperature (LT) shifted Se speciation toward organic forms at the higher dose. Meanwhile, 0.4 mg kg⁻¹ Se was sufficient to restore Pn, Gs, Ci, and Tr, reduce MDA, and elevate SOD, POD, APX, GR, GSH, and ASA, indicating improved photosynthetic performance and antioxidant status. Co-expression network analysis identified modules tightly associated with these traits: in the photosynthetic module, MS.gene064837 and MS.gene051360 were positively correlated with Gs, whereas MS.gene061853 and MS.gene037454 were positively correlated with Ci and Tr but negatively with Gs, suggesting coordination between carbon assimilation and stomatal control. In the antioxidant module, MS.gene036174 correlated positively with GSH and MDA and negatively with GSSG, while MS.gene064490 showed negative correlations with Pro, SS, GSSG, SOD, and POD. qRT-PCR of six targets corroborated the RNA-seq trends. Collectively, these results indicate that moderate soil Se (0.4 mg·kg⁻¹) supplementation enhances LT tolerance in alfalfa by concurrently optimizing photosynthetic regulation and antioxidant defense, with MS.gene064837, MS.gene051360, MS.gene036174, and MS.gene064490 emerging as candidate regulators whose specific functions require further validation.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study reveals that selenium enhances LT tolerance in alfalfa by promoting Se conversion into its organic form, optimizing redox homeostasis, and activating key genes associated with photosynthesis and antioxidant defense. These findings provide valuable insights into Se-mediated cold tolerance mechanisms, offering a foundation for Se-based strategies in improving the resilience of forage crops to cold stress.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00885-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145561639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought resistance classification of wheat varieties by multisource data fusion and machine learning via hyperspectral and thermal infrared imaging","authors":"Xiaomei Zhang,&nbsp;Hanwen Guan,&nbsp;Jiliang Zhao,&nbsp;Liunan Suo,&nbsp;Dongyu Li,&nbsp;Zhiyao Ma,&nbsp;Jianzhao Duan,&nbsp;Li He,&nbsp;Wandai Liu,&nbsp;Wei Feng","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00834-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00834-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study was based on the identification of drought-resistant wheat varieties from trials to assess drought levels accurately in wheat and respond promptly to the impact of drought stress on grain yield. Hyperspectral remote sensing data and canopy temperature parameters for different wheat varieties were obtained, and classification models for drought resistance were constructed using various machine learning algorithms.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>As the growth period progresses, the spectral reflectance in the near-infrared band first increases but then decreases in the following pattern: flowering &gt; heading &gt; booting &gt; jointing &gt; filling. The effective temperature range of the canopy temperature histogram for different drought-resistant varieties also gradually increased with growth stage, and during each growth stage, the temperature variation in strongly drought-resistant varieties was the smallest compared with that in extremely weak drought-resistant varieties. Vegetation indices can represent the differences in drought resistance among wheat varieties; under drought stress, as drought resistance decreases, the canopy temperature parameters increase. There are certain correlations between the vegetation index (VI), canopy temperature parameter (TP), and the drought index for wheat yield. Furthermore, among the classification models based on the VI, TP, and VI + TP, the random forest (RF) model has the highest accuracy rate. Among them, the accuracy rates of the random forest model for VI + TP are 89.47% for overall accuracy (OA) and 0.85 for Kappa, which are higher than those of VI (OA = 69.57%, Kappa = 0.57) and TP (OA = 76.19%, Kappa = 0.66). In the optimal classification model VI + TP-RF, TP contributes the most to the RF classification algorithm based on multisource data fusion.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study confirms the feasibility of using multimodal data fusion for classifying drought-resistant wheat varieties and provides a new reference method for further clear evaluation of wheat drought grade.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00834-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substrate-specific interactions of dual-consortia system of Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas putida for optimized nutrient recovery","authors":"Marcin Sojka,&nbsp;N. Jennifer Michellin Kiruba,&nbsp;Julius Winiarski,&nbsp;Agnieszka Saeid","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00878-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00878-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphorus (P) recovery from waste byproducts is essential for nutrient recovery, yet its bioavailability in inorganic and organic waste remains a challenge. This study investigates the phosphate solubilization potential of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> and <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>, both individually and in a dual-consortia system, on sewage sludge ash (SSA), fish meal (FM), and their mixture. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted to assess biochemical transformations and microstructural modifications post-solubilization. Kinetic modeling using the Hill equation demonstrated distinct solubilization patterns, where <i>P. putida</i> excelled in acid-mediated phosphate release from SSA, while <i>B. megaterium</i> exhibited strong enzymatic mineralization of organic phosphorus in FM. The consortium treatment displayed intermediate effects, balancing acid production and enzymatic degradation but without exceeding the highest-performing single strain. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and statistical modeling confirmed that pH shifts, redox potential, and enzymatic activity were key drivers of microbial-mediated phosphate solubilization. The results suggest that targeted microbial inoculation based on waste type can optimize phosphorus recovery and improve the potential of nutrient recovery.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00878-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model combined with the atmospheric deposition flux to predict the accumulation of cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain","authors":"Zhaoyue Liu,&nbsp;Fan Wang,&nbsp;Wenjun Yang,&nbsp;Liang Peng,&nbsp;Xiao Deng,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Qingru Zeng,&nbsp;Si Luo","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00875-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00875-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hunan Province, a major rice-producing region in China, faces severe cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice grains. Cd, a heavy toxic metal, accumulates in rice through the soil–rice system, posing health risks via the food chain. Effective management relies on identifying pollution sources to guide targeted control and reduction strategies.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Through the data collected over the past 5 years across four different regions, a multiple linear regression model was established to explore the effects of those factors influencing Cd accumulation in rice tissues, including the input fluxes of soil Cd, atmospheric deposition Cd (DICd), irrigation water Cd (IRCd), and fertilizer Cd (CFCd). Atmospheric deposition was identified as a major source of Cd input, with a higher annual average input flux than irrigation water and fertilizers. In the industrial and mining zone Zhuzhou, atmospheric deposition accounted for 96.42% of the total Cd input. In the regions with an increasing level of atmospheric deposition, Cd exhibited higher soil Cd concentrations but lower pH. Total soil Cd (TCd) concentrations demonstrated a significant positive correlation with both soil available Cd (ACd) concentrations and DICd. Additionally, TCd and DICd were determined to be the critical factors affecting the accumulation of Cd in rice tissues.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>As indicated by the results, the spatial variation in rice Cd accumulation resulted from various sources of Cd input, highlighting the necessity to closely monitor Cd input fluxes across various regions. This study provides a benchmark for understanding the impact of atmospheric deposition on Cd accumulation in rice grains.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00875-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering myxinidin-based supramolecular architectures for advanced antifungal applications in food protection","authors":"Simone Braccia,&nbsp;Rosa Bellavita,&nbsp;Oluwasegun Eric Ajayi,&nbsp;Marta Ranesi,&nbsp;Lorenzo Emiliano Imbò,&nbsp;Luca De Stefano,&nbsp;David Turrà,&nbsp;Rosarita Tatè,&nbsp;Camilla Casciello,&nbsp;Principia Dardano,&nbsp;Stefania Vitale,&nbsp;Annarita Falanga,&nbsp;Stefania Galdiero","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00880-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00880-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The antimicrobial peptide WMR-4, a myxinidin-derived sequence with Aib and D-amino acid substitutions, showed enhanced stability and strong antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium oxysporum </i>in vitro.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Biophysical studies indicated a lytic mechanism via deep membrane insertion and leakage. However, free WMR-4 failed to block fungal penetration through cellulose barriers, revealing limits in complex systems. To overcome this, we developed supramolecular nanofibers functionalized with WMR-4 and the cell-penetrating peptide gH625. These nanofibers inhibited germ tube formation, partially reduced cellulose membrane penetration, and provided enhanced protection in biological contexts. Specifically, nanofibers limited opportunistic saprophytic colonization in apple tissues lacking epidermal barriers while preserving tissue integrity in intact tomato models, demonstrating barrier-specific therapeutic protection. SEM and AFM confirmed stable nanoscale coatings integrated into plant epidermal layers.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results highlight WMR-4 as a potent antifungal candidate and demonstrate the potential of AMP-functionalized supramolecular nanostructures for agricultural applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00880-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderate NO3–-N instead of NH4+-N alleviates the effect of salt stress on walnut growth","authors":"Gaoya Su,&nbsp;Sen Lu,&nbsp;Yongchao Bai,&nbsp;Dong Pei,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Hao Deng","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00881-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00881-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) is an important oilseed crop, and salt stress threatens the growth of walnut tree. In this study, NO₃⁻ or NH₄⁺ was applied at three concentrations (4, 32, and 100 mM) to investigate the effect of NO₃⁻-N and NH₄⁺-N on walnut seedlings under 100 mM NaCl stress. Results showed that moderate (32 mM) NO₃⁻-N application alleviated the effect of salt stress. Moreover, plants treated with 32 mM NO₃⁻-N showed no significant morphological difference from those subjected to the nonstress treatment. The treatment of 32 mM NO₃⁻-N application enhanced plant growth, increased antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase), and restricted Na⁺ and Cl⁻ uptake and transport. Additionally, it might induce beneficial shifts in the rhizosphere microbiome. Low-concentration (4 mM) NO₃⁻ or NH₄⁺ treatment individually induced the minor alleviation of salt stress. By contrast, 100 mM NO₃⁻ and all tested concentrations of NH₄⁺ further inhibited biomass and root growth, thereby exacerbating salt injury. Notably, 100 mM NH₄⁺ caused severe defoliation and seedling mortality. Furthermore, in contrast to its NO₃⁻ counterpart, 32 mM NH₄⁺ shifted the root microbiome and impaired microbial diversity, likely contributing to increased salt sensitivity. This study demonstrates that moderate NO₃⁻ application can effectively mitigate salt stress during walnut growth, offering a potential strategy for fertilizing walnut plantations under saline conditions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00881-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organically modified biogenic graphene oxide–mesoporous silica nanoparticles for eco-friendly and tailored release of Azadirachtin (neem) biopesticide","authors":"Farzaneh Jokarshourijeh,&nbsp;Leila Ma′mani,&nbsp;Ramin Hossein,&nbsp;Aziz Sheikhigarjan","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00879-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00879-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, a modified biogenic graphene oxide–mesoporous silica hybrid nanoparticle (GO–MSNs) was developed as a reliable and efficient nano-pesticide delivery system (nano-PDS) for the slow release of neem (Azadirachtin, Aza), which is known as an environmentally friendly biopesticide. For this purpose, GO–MSN-based nanocarrier (GO–MSNs) was synthesized using rice husk-derived silica and graphene precursors, followed by surface modification to obtain propyl amine-functionalized GO–MSNs nanocarrier (nano-PDS). The nano-PDS nanocarrier was then characterized and investigated for its potential as a nanoporous host for efficient loading and slow-release pattern of Aza to control the silverleaf whitefly (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>). The nanostructure and porosity of the synthesized nanocarrier were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and surface area and pore analysis using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) theories. The loading efficiency was found to depend on nanocarrier characteristics, such as surface area, pore size, functional group, and surface charge. Notably, the interaction between Aza and the amine functional groups found in the nano-PDS led to a more efficient slow-release profile compared to the bare GO–MSNs nanocarrier. The release rate of Aza was analyzed using a UV–visible spectrophotometer at 214 nm. The UV stability, thermal stability, and release behavior as paramount factors in developing a sustainable Aza delivery system were tuned by manipulating the nanocarrier surface. The organically modified biogenic GO–MSNs thus offers promising potential for slow-release and improved efficiency of Aza-based nanobiopesticide in the control of <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00879-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rooting for sustainability: Pantoea ananatis D1-28 volatiles boost tomato growth and rhizosphere microbial diversity","authors":"Nan Zeng,&nbsp;Haiyang Gong,&nbsp;Jiahe Pang,&nbsp;Dandan Wang,&nbsp;Ruoyan Ran,&nbsp;Chunji Li,&nbsp;Die Zhao,&nbsp;Xinyue Bi,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zhang,&nbsp;Faryal Babar Baloch,&nbsp;Ning Zhang,&nbsp;Bingxue Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00882-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00882-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>), a vital global crop rich in bioactive compounds, faces sustainability issues due to agrochemical overuse, necessitating eco-friendly biofertilizers like plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to identify superior PGPR strains with growth-enhancing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), characterize their VOC profiles, determine optimal VOC doses for growth promotion, and investigate their effects on root architecture, rhizosphere microbiome, and plant transcriptomics to elucidate mechanisms.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirteen PGPR strains were screened for VOC-mediated tomato growth promotion. Key strains' VOCs were profiled using GC–MS. Dose-response assays tested core VOCs on growth and root architecture. Rhizosphere microbiome functional compartmentalization was analyzed, and transcriptomic profiling (KEGG pathway enrichment) of VOC-treated plants was performed. Three superior isolates (<i>Pantoea ananatis</i> D1-28, <i>Burkholderia</i> sp. D4-24, <i>Burkholderia territorii</i> D4-36) were identified, with D1-28 notably enhancing lateral roots and shoot biomass. GC–MS revealed strain-specific VOC profiles (31–37 compounds) sharing three core components: dimethyl disulfide (D), 2-nonanone (N), benzothiazole (B). Optimal doses profoundly remodeled root architecture and maximized growth: D (10⁻³ mmol/L), N (1 mmol/L), B (10⁻² mmol/L). VOCs drove rhizosphere functional compartmentalization, enriching specific taxa. Transcriptomics identified 132 differentially enriched KEGG pathways (130 conserved), primarily linked to auxin biosynthesis, sulfur/nitrogen metabolism, energy metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism, indicating analogous mechanisms.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study elucidates for the first time how <i>P. ananatis</i> VOCs coordinate plant hormone signaling, metabolic networks, and rhizosphere microecology to synergistically enhance tomato growth, providing a theoretical foundation for VOC-based green agricultural technologies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00882-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-encapsulated Litsea cubeba essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles induces toxicological and physiological disruption in Nilaparvata lugens","authors":"Abid Ali Soomro,&nbsp;Amr Abou El-Ela,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiao Shi,&nbsp;Asim Munawar,&nbsp;Chao Zhang,&nbsp;Naved A. Ansari,&nbsp;Fida H. Magsi,&nbsp;Amr Elkelish,&nbsp;Afrah E. Mohammed,&nbsp;Wen-Wu Zhou,&nbsp;Zeng-Rong Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00860-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00860-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The brown planthopper (<i>Nilaparvata lugens</i>) is a destructive rice pest in Asia, causing significant yield losses through sap feeding and virus transmission. We developed an eco-friendly nano-encapsulation system using chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) loaded with <i>Litsea cubeba</i> essential oil (Lc EO), a potent botanical insecticide. GC–MS analysis identified citral (48.5%) as the dominant component of Lc EO.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>CS-Lc NPs (282 nm in diameter) were successfully synthesized via emulsion-ionic gelation, exhibiting enhanced thermal stability and sustained release. Bioassays showed significantly higher insecticidal activity in CS-Lc NPs with LC₅₀ values of 391.41 mg/L at 72 h and 229.14 mg/L at 120 h, compared to unloaded CS NPs (1034.54 mg/L at 72 h and 627.78 mg/L at 120 h). The nano-formulation caused severe damage to the midgut epithelium, as observed through histopathology, elevated salivary flange production, disrupting the activities of detoxification enzymes (POD, SOD, CAT, AChE, AKP, ACP). Molecular analysis confirmed the upregulation of key detoxification genes, with a significant increase in <i>NlCYP6AY1v2</i> expression, highlighting the enhanced bioavailability and sustained insecticidal activity provided by nano-encapsulation.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CS-Lc NPs enhanced both the stability and bioavailability of Lc EO, significantly improving its efficacy against BPH. This approach offers a promising alternative to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides in rice farming.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00860-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}