Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Plant immune and defense responses to microorganisms and insects: molecular signaling, crosstalk, and adaptive plasticity","authors":"Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan,&nbsp;Radhakrishnan Subramanian,&nbsp;Abdul Jaleel,&nbsp;Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan,&nbsp;Yeon Soo Han,&nbsp;Sengodan Karthi,&nbsp;Ki Beom Park","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00990-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00990-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plants encounter a diverse array of pathogens and herbivorous insects, necessitating a well-coordinated response for survival and growth. Recent research has elucidated a complex network of molecular processes, including signal perception, hormonal interactions, transcriptional changes, and metabolic modifications, that govern plant responses to these biotic challenges. Plants recognize microbial and insect-derived signals through specific receptor systems that trigger cascades of signal transduction, which ultimately converge on shared defense mechanisms. Additionally, plant hormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene play a critical role in regulating these responses, enabling plants to defend against multiple pathogens and pests while maintaining overall fitness. The initiation of defense responses results in extensive alterations in gene expression and epigenetic regulation, as well as a redirection of primary metabolism toward the synthesis of specific secondary metabolites, including phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which are essential for defense against both pathogens and insects. Notably, the findings indicate considerable overlap between defense mechanisms activated by microbial and insect threats, underscoring the importance of integrated signaling over distinct defense pathways. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge of the molecular and metabolic foundations of plant responses to biotic stressors, with an emphasis on common regulatory components and adaptable defense strategies that enable effective, sustainable plant defense.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00990-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization and gut-bone protective effects of quercetin from Chinese herbal formula in radiation-induced injury","authors":"Tongtong Wang,&nbsp;Boyan Xu,&nbsp;Linhui Li,&nbsp;Guoshui Tao,&nbsp;Shu Lu,&nbsp;Junjie Wu,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhang,&nbsp;Fenglai Yuan,&nbsp;Yahong Zhou,&nbsp;Tianhao Liu,&nbsp;Chenyang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00989-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00989-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Radiotherapy frequently causes intestinal and skeletal damage, so multi-organ protective natural products are needed. Multi-herb formulas are effective due to their bioactive phytochemicals, yet which specific phytochemicals matter and how they work remain unclear.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we performed phytochemical profiling of a multi-herb botanical formulation (Beihua decoction, BH) and identified quercetin as a major bioactive flavonoid responsible for protection against radiation-induced gut-bone injury. Phytochemical analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) enabled the characterization of multiple constituents and the identification of quercetin as a predominant active component. In a X-ray-irradiated mouse model, quercetin significantly alleviated intestinal injury, restored gut microbiota homeostasis, and improved mucosal barrier integrity. Notably, quercetin promoted the enrichment of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, particularly Butyricimonas, indicating its role in microbiota-mediated intestinal protection. These findings were further supported in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse intestinal organoids, where quercetin exhibited anti-inflammatory and epithelial protective effects. In addition, quercetin attenuated radiation-induced trabecular bone damage and suppressed osteoclastogenesis, indicating a dual protective role along the gut–bone axis. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing, confocal microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that quercetin targets the efferocytosis-associated ligand Growth Arrest-Specific 6 (GAS6) in macrophages, thereby activating the TAM/ELMO1/RAC1 signaling pathway and enhancing macrophage efferocytosis. Enhanced efferocytosis further inhibited macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Collectively, this study identifies quercetin as a key bioactive flavonoid mediating gut–bone protection under radiation-induced injury and provides a phytochemical and mechanistic basis for developing plant-derived therapeutics for radiotherapy-associated multi-organ damage.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00989-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of digestion methods for total elemental analysis in sewage sludge biochars","authors":"Leidy Marcela Ulloa-Murillo,&nbsp;Jan Kučera,&nbsp;Václav Tejnecký,&nbsp;Altyn Taisheva,&nbsp;Chandra Sekhar Paul,&nbsp;Zdeněk Košnář,&nbsp;Jiřina Száková,&nbsp;Pavel Tlustoš,&nbsp;Filip Mercl","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00974-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00974-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The complex chemical structure and recalcitrant nature of sewage sludge biochar (SSBC) pose significant challenges for determining its true total elemental content. Direct wet digestion methods often fail to completely decompose the matrix, while spectroscopic techniques are hindered by strong interferences and limited sensitivity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study explores a novel approach that combines dry-ashing (DA) with two distinct digestion methods: <i>Aqua regia</i> (AR) and hydrofluoric acid with nitric acid (HF). As a reference method, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), which does not require sample dissolution, was employed. INAA technique enabled the determination of aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). Dry-ashing followed by HF digestion (DA + HF) showed superior performance compared to dry-ashing with <i>Aqua regia</i> (DA + AR) or wet digestion methods, particularly for Al, Cr, and K, which were significantly underestimated using DA + AR. A regression model showed very strong correlations (R² ≥ 0.9) between DA + HF and INAA for all elements studied. The pyrolysis temperature (up to 820 °C) did not significantly impact the effectiveness of decomposition by DA + HF. However, DA + HF still failed to completely dissolve corundum (Al₂O₃) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), which are resistant to HF and were present in SSBC.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings support DA + HF as the most effective digestion method for SSBCs, though challenges remain in fully dissolving certain mineral residues. It also highlights the critical role of HF in accurate determination of total elemental contents in sewage sludge biochars. These insights are crucial for ensuring accurate assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and nutrients in SSBCs, facilitating their safe application in agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00974-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of visual detection method for tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus based on one-pot RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a","authors":"Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoyin Wu,&nbsp;Yanqing Liang,&nbsp;Yajuan Qian","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00986-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00986-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p> Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) causes severe economic losses and has a wide host range, infecting important crops such as members of the <i>Solanaceae</i> and <i>Cucurbitaceae</i> families. A rapid, sensitive and accurate visual detection method is urgently required for monitoring of the virus in the field and containing its spread.</p><h3>Results</h3><p> In this study, we integrated the recombinase-aid amplification (RAA) with the CRISPR/Cas12a system to develop a one-pot visual detection method for ToLCNDV by fluorescence monitoring. RAA primers were designed based on the analysis of conserved regions within reported ToLCNDV isolates. After optimization of the system, this detection method demonstrated its specific detection of ToLCNDV, particularly no cross-reaction to genetically closely related squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) and showed excellent sensitivity, with the viral detection limit reaching 10¹ copies/µL. Evaluation of the method in twenty-eight field samples confirmed the consistent results with those from conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Twelve samples were selected for the validation of a one-pot RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a detection system, employing a field-based crude DNA extraction method. This method was found to be consistent with previous results, thereby confirming the feasibility of the method for field application.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p> We developed a one-pot visual detection system integrating CRISPR/Cas12a with RAA technology for the rapid, reliable, and cost-effective field diagnosis of ToLCNDV.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00986-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent-liquid–liquid microextraction followed by thin-layer chromatography and smartphone digital image colorimetry for the determination of acrylamide in food samples","authors":"Said Al Ghawi,&nbsp;Raid J. Abdel-Jalil,&nbsp;Usama Alshana","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00976-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00976-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Acrylamide (AA) is a common food processing contaminant that forms during high-temperature food processing, necessitating sensitive and reliable analytical methods for its determination in complex food matrices. Conventional techniques require costly instrumentation, significant sample preparation, and expert operation. As a result, there is an increasing demand for simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly analytical methods that allow for rapid and accurate AA monitoring in food samples. In this study, deep eutectic solvent-based liquid–liquid microextraction (DES-LLME) combined with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and smartphone digital image colorimetry (SDIC) was developed for the determination of AA in food samples.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The final extract, obtained after DES-LLME, was applied onto a TLC plate positioned inside a custom-made colorimetric box and images were captured and split into their red, green, and blue channels; the blue channel intensity exhibiting the highest sensitivity was used for AA quantification after being derivatized with 4-fluoro-2-nitro-5-(piperazin-1-yl) aniline within a reaction time of 5.0 min. Optimum DES-LLME performance was achieved using 300 µL of a choline chloride/phenol (1:4 molar ratio) DES as the extraction solvent, 400 µL of acetonitrile as the demulsification solvent, and a 1.0-min extraction time. Optimum SDIC conditions included an 8.0-cm distance between the TLC plate and the detection camera, illumination at a wavelength of 405 nm with 100.0% brightness from a top-mounted light source. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.40 and 1.33 µg mg^− 1, respectively, with coefficients of determination (R²) exceeding 0.9951 and relative standard deviation below 7.4%. The proposed DES-LLME-TLC-SDIC method was successfully applied to quantify AA in various food matrices, including baby food, biscuits, coffee, dark chocolate, and potato chips, yielding relative recoveries between 87.5% and 106.3%.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The proposed DES-LLME-TLC-SDIC method provides a reliable, cost-effective and practical technique for the determination of AA in food samples. Its successful application to diverse food matrices and satisfactory analytical performance highlight its potential for routine food analysis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00976-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel additive of peony seed cake to enhance alfalfa silage quality: integrating metabolomic and microbial community perspectives","authors":"Mingxin Wu,&nbsp;Jiakun Xu,&nbsp;Xuekai Wang,&nbsp;Yanli Lin,&nbsp;Yufan Lin,&nbsp;Jichen Li,&nbsp;Kuikui Ni,&nbsp;Fuyu Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00957-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00957-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Peony seed cake (PSC) has the potential to be a fermentation supplement in view of abundant bioactive compounds and nutrients, despite a low rate of utilization as an oil production byproduct. In this study, its interaction with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation and its effects were researched through a factorial design to evaluate the effects of PSC supplementation and LAB inoculation on the fermentation of alfalfa.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>PSC supplementation significantly enhanced the nutritional composition, fermentation characteristics, and sensory evaluation of the alfalfa silage. Specifically, the treatment containing 30% PSC (fresh matter basis) was found to be optimal. Analysis of the microbial community revealed that PSC supplementation effectively reshaped the microbial community and suppressed the growth of undesirable bacteria such as coliforms. The addition of LAB further stabilized the structural changes induced by PSC. GC-MS analysis identified 47 volatile organic compounds. The treatment groups exhibited higher abundances of esters and aromatic compounds, such as methyl benzoate and methyl salicylate. Metabolomic profiling revealed that LAB inoculation accelerated the biotransformation of flavonoid glycosides into their aglycone forms and increased stilbenoid concentrations; structural equation modeling further identified this metabolic shift as the primary driver for the enhanced antioxidant activity of the silage.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings demonstrate that the synergistic effect of PSC and LAB enhances alfalfa silage quality by optimizing its fermentation characteristics, microbiome, metabolome. This work provides a viable strategy for the sustainable valorization of oilseed byproducts, offering a novel pathway for producing functionally enhanced forage.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00957-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic analysis of AOS genes in tobacco reveals the role of NtAOS7 in jasmonic acid biosynthesis and stress tolerance","authors":"Jiaqi Wang,&nbsp;Fei Xu,&nbsp;Meng Xue,&nbsp;Junping Gao,&nbsp;Yu Peng,&nbsp;Xinxi He,&nbsp;Guoxin Chen,&nbsp;Xiaodong Xie,&nbsp;Peijian Cao","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00985-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00985-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Jasmonic acid (JA) is a critical phytohormone that mediates plant defense mechanisms against herbivores and pathogens. Within the JA biosynthesis pathway, allene oxide synthase (AOS), a rate-limiting enzyme, plays a pivotal role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the specific involvement of <i>AOS</i> in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> (tobacco) during stress conditions has yet to be explored.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we identified 12 <i>AOS</i> genes distributed across eight chromosomes in tobacco, encoding proteins that range from 300 to 550 amino acids and contain up to 12 conserved motifs. <i>Cis</i>-acting element analysis revealed the presence of elements responsive to light, stress, and hormones in the promoters of these genes. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that several <i>NtAOS</i> genes were responsive to a variety of abiotic and hormonal stresses, with <i>NtAOS7</i> showing significant upregulation under both abiotic stress and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. To explore its functional role, <i>NtAOS7</i> knockout and overexpression lines were generated via gene editing. Phenotypic analysis revealed that <i>NtAOS7</i> knockout mutants exhibited increased plant height, whereas overexpression of <i>NtAOS7</i> led to reduced plant height and delayed flowering. Hormonal profiling further demonstrated that JA levels were significantly reduced in the <i>NtAOS7</i> knockout lines, while overexpression of <i>NtAOS7</i> resulted in elevated JA levels, indicating that <i>NtAOS7</i> plays an important role in endogenous JA biosynthesis. Stress tolerance assays showed that <i>NtAOS7</i> enhances plant resistance to cold and salt stresses. This study provides novel insights into the role of AOS in tobacco, setting the stage for future research into its involvement in stress adaptation and hormone signaling.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings establish <i>NtAOS7</i> as a key regulatory player in JA biosynthesis, coordinating plant growth, developmental timing, and abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco. These insights contribute to the broader understanding of JA’s role in plant adaptation and open avenues for future biotechnological applications aimed at improving stress resilience in crops.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00985-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics integration of metabolome and transcriptome identifies candidate gene associated with differential anthocyanins accumulation in sorghum","authors":"Ruoruo Wang,&nbsp;Jianxia Xu,&nbsp;Ning Cao,&nbsp;Xu Gao,&nbsp;Bin Cheng,&nbsp;Yanqing Ding,&nbsp;Wenzhen Li,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Kuiyin Li,&nbsp;Yang Lu,&nbsp;Liyi Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00983-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00983-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Anthocyanins are important plant secondary metabolites with significant antioxidant activities and health benefits. However, compared with deoxyanthocyanidins, the composition of anthocyanins in sorghum grains remains largely unclear.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Metabolomics and transcriptomics were integrated to analyze anthocyanin accumulation in three sorghum cultivars, the high-anthocyanin varieties BYQ and HYZ versus the low-anthocyanin variety P898012. Total anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the darker grains. Targeted metabolomics identified 35 anthocyanin compounds, with cyanidin-derived anthocyanins—particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside—being the predominant compounds in the high-anthocyanin cultivars. Transcriptomics revealed 4,039 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BYQ versus P898012 and 6,092 in HYZ versus P898012, which were enriched in phenylalanine metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Correlation analysis of the differentially expressed genes and metabolites identified a UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), SbUGT1, that was significantly upregulated in the high-anthocyanin cultivars and strongly correlated with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside levels.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings systematically characterize the anthocyanins in sorghum grains and identify a candidate enzyme SbUGT1 for cyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase, providing an important foundation for elucidating the anthocyanin accumulation in sorghum and facilitating future metabolic engineering of grain color and nutritional quality.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00983-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus improve wheat drought tolerance through water status and pigment stability","authors":"Washma Ikram,&nbsp;Sammer Fatima,&nbsp;Mishal Fatima,&nbsp;Huma Qureshi,&nbsp;Tauseef Anwar,&nbsp;Hossam S. El-Beltagi,&nbsp;Ibtisam M. Alsudays,&nbsp;Khalid H. Alamer,&nbsp;Nazih Y. Rebouh,&nbsp;Sura Rahimova,&nbsp;Bakhrom Jobborov,&nbsp;Rasha M. Alzayed,&nbsp;Sondos A. Alhajouj,&nbsp;Fauzeya Mateq Albalwe,&nbsp;Árpád Székely","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00977-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00977-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Drought stress is a major constraint to wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) productivity, creating a need for integrated and sustainable strategies to improve crop resilience. Although plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mineral nutrients are known to influence drought responses, limited evidence is available on whether <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> performs more effectively with phosphorus (P) or potassium (K) across contrasting growth stages and drought systems. This study compared the effects of <i>B. subtilis</i>, P, and K, alone and in combination, on drought tolerance in three wheat cultivars under seedling-stage hydroponic osmotic stress and grain-filling pot drought.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The combined <i>B. subtilis</i> + P treatment under drought produced the most consistent improvement compared with drought-only treatment and was generally more effective than <i>B. subtilis</i> + K. In hydroponics, <i>B. subtilis</i> + P improved relative water content, pigment stability, root–shoot growth, and biomass under PEG-induced drought. Faisalabad 2008 showed the strongest seedling-stage water-status response, while Dharab showed greater osmolyte accumulation through soluble sugars and proline. In the pot experiment, <i>B. subtilis</i> + P improved yield-contributing traits, particularly in Dharab and Faisalabad 2008, although cultivar-specific differences were evident.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><i>B. subtilis</i> combined with phosphorus was the most effective drought-mitigation treatment across the measured physiological, biochemical, growth, and yield-related traits. These findings suggest that PGPR–phosphorus integration may be a useful strategy for improving wheat performance under drought, especially where water limitation occurs during early growth or grain filling. Field validation and direct measurements of bacterial colonization, nutrient uptake, and oxidative stress markers are needed to confirm the mechanisms underlying these responses.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><img></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00977-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of black point caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana on wheat dough rheology and storage protein composition","authors":"Fangfang Si,&nbsp;Gaili Song,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Zhao Yin,&nbsp;Jianwei Tang,&nbsp;Chunhao Dong,&nbsp;Zhenpu Huang,&nbsp;Guihong Yin,&nbsp;Qiaoyun Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00984-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00984-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Black point (BP), caused by <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i>, can alter wheat grain composition and adversely affect flour quality. However, its quantitative effects on storage protein fractions and dough rheology remain poorly characterized. This study evaluated the changes in wheat storage proteins and associated dough quality parameters in two cultivars across three environments. Glutenin and gliadin fractions were quantified using RP-HPLC, and dough rheology was assessed through farinograph and extensograph analyses.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>It was found that: (i) BP infection significantly increased grain protein content but reduced dough strength and extensibility, with dough development time and resistance to extension decreasing by 21.3% and 18.9%, respectively (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01); (ii) Glutenin contents was markedly altered, correlating with reduced farinograph quality indices (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Specifically, high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in BP-infected samples decreased by over 22.5%, whereas ω-, α/β-, and γ-gliadins increased by over 52.0%; (iii) Proteomic analysis revealed a pronounced upregulation of proteins associated with celiac disease immunogenicity in BP-infected samples.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings firstly provide validated, quantitative insights into wheat storage protein variability and dough functionality, offering information directly relevant to food composition assessment and processing quality.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00984-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}