Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Aromatic sesquiterpenes isolated from high-trichome sun-cured tobacco as potential inhibitors for powdery mildew","authors":"Hua-Yin Liu,&nbsp;Yan-Qun Zhang,&nbsp;Feng-Xian Yang,&nbsp;Xin-Yao Huang,&nbsp;Rong Zhang,&nbsp;Wei-Guang Wang,&nbsp;Guang-Yu Yang,&nbsp;Qiu-Fen Hu,&nbsp;Shi-Ping Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00894-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00894-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Powdery mildew is a fungal disease threatening major global crops such as tobacco, rice, and grapes. Pathogens cause severe yield losses by disrupting photosynthesis and inducing premature plant senescence. Traditional chemical fungicides face challenges of drug resistance, environmental pollution, and health risks, urgently requiring low-toxic and sustainable alternatives. This study aims to identify novel sesquiterpenoids against powdery mildew from the high-trichome sun-cured tobacco variety (Huize Liuye) and elucidate their antifungal mechanisms.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Sequential chemical extraction, chromatographic purification, and spectroscopic identification (NMR and HR-ESI–MS) led to the isolation and identification of seven novel (1–7) and four known (8–11) aromatic sesquiterpenes. Compounds 5 and 6 represent the first examples of sesquiterpenes containing a 4-methylfuran-2-yl moiety, while compound 7 is a rare sesquiterpene featuring a benzo[<i>c</i>]azepin-1-one skeleton. Antifungal assays revealed that compound 7 (250 μg/mL) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against <i>Golovinomyces cichoracearum</i> with an inhibition rate of 86.2% ± 5.6, surpassing the positive control carbendazim (inhibition rate: 83.5% ± 6.0, 250 μg/mL). Analyses using microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that compound 7 disrupts conidial morphology and inhibits hyphal development. Transcriptomic and metabolomic studies further indicated that compound 7 may enhance induced immunity in tobacco by either directly acting as an inducer or indirectly by promoting the rupture of <i>G. cichoracearum</i> and the release of its pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), thereby affecting various plant defense pathways, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) mediated plant hormone signaling, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the biosynthetic pathways of antifungal secondary metabolites. Molecular docking confirmed strong interactions between compound 7 and tubulin proteins, which also supported its efficacy. Additionally, compound 7 also showed activity against <i>Podosphaera pannosa</i> in rose.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study establishes Huize Liuye tobacco as a valuable resource for natural sesquiterpene-based antifungal agents, with compound 7 demonstrating exceptional potential as an efficient fungicide due to its unique chemical structure, high antifungal activity, and broad-spectrum efficacy. The findings provide a theoretical basis for utilizing tobacco byproducts, such as trichomes, as renewable sources for biopesticide development, thereby underscoring the ecological value of high-trichome crops in sustainable agriculture as substitutes for synthetic chemicals.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00894-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation-driven rhizosphere microbiome regulates tobacco leaf irritancy via carbon–nitrogen metabolic coordination","authors":"Rentao Liao,&nbsp;Wenhua Dongchen,&nbsp;Chun Lin,&nbsp;Shaosong Zhou,&nbsp;Yuxi Dong,&nbsp;Chaorong Geng,&nbsp;Zhengjie Liu,&nbsp;Zichao Mao","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00890-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00890-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Environmental variations exert substantial influences on gene expression, growth, development, and product quality in field crops. However, the mechanisms underlying how environmental factors regulate tobacco growth, development, and post-curing quality under field conditions remain poorly understood, primarily owing to the complexity of the field environment.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our study demonstrates that precipitation serves as a predominant environmental driver that governs rhizosphere microbiome assembly, which subsequently modulates host carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways, thereby determining nicotine accumulation and leaf irritability. We conducted an integrated multi-omics study across two representative tobacco growing regions (i.e., Chuxiong and Jianshui) in Yunnan, China, which exhibit distinct geographical and climatic conditions. Results revealed precipitation as a critical regulator of nicotine accumulation, with higher precipitation promoting nicotine biosynthesis and lower precipitation favoring sugar compound accumulation. The most pronounced difference between the two regions was the irritancy of cured tobacco leaves in the cultivar Yun87, which positively correlated with total nitrogen content. Crucially, rhizosphere microorganisms, along with climatic and soil abiotic factors (e.g., pH and available mineral elements), modulated nitrogen-containing compounds, including nicotine accumulation, by regulating carbon, nitrogen transport and utilization cycles, suggesting genetic-level interactions within the tobacco plant.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our integrated multi-omics approach reveals a complex cross-kingdom network, providing a mechanistic understanding of how environmental cues are transduced into crop quality traits through the rhizosphere microbiome. This study offers insights in guiding targeted agricultural practices and future research on sustainable production of higher-quality tobacco.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00890-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent indicator film integrated with Vitis amurensis anthocyanin for fish freshness monitoring","authors":"Haitao Sun,&nbsp;Ran Zhou,&nbsp;Jingjing Geng,&nbsp;Xinru Shao,&nbsp;Mingshuang Wang,&nbsp;Yongxin Gao,&nbsp;Jia Wei,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Qiong Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00895-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00895-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a functional extract of green agricultural resources, anthocyanins possess significant potential as a source of intelligent packaging materials. A novel intelligent indicator film was developed by combining <i>Vitis amurensis</i> anthocyanins (VAA) with soy protein isolate (SPI) and chitosan (CS). The incorporation of anthocyanins enhanced both the mechanical and barrier properties of the films. Furthermore, the optimized concentration VAA had a beneficial effect on crystalline structure and could provide VAA/SPI/CS film with excellent DPPH scavenging ability. Packaging fresh fish with the film significantly improved quality parameters. Additionally, as the pH changes, the films exhibited noticeable color changes, transitioning from fuchsia to dark green. These findings suggest that VAA/SPI/CS intelligent indicator films can effectively monitor fish freshness in real-time through color changes, precisely because fish spoilage can cause color changes in the film.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00895-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147440914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide characterization of ADF proteins in Nicotiana tabacum uncovers the critical role of NtADF22 in defense against black shank disease","authors":"Mengxiao Xu,&nbsp;Qiao Wang,&nbsp;Xinhua Tian,&nbsp;Zechao Qu,&nbsp;Peng Lu,&nbsp;Deshui Liu,&nbsp;Peijian Cao,&nbsp;Jiemeng Tao,&nbsp;Jingjing Jin","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00900-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00900-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tobacco is a vital economic crop, and its cultivation is severely threatened by black shank disease, caused by <i>Phytophthora nicotianae</i> (<i>P. nicotianae</i>). Actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) proteins are key regulators of actin dynamics and play crucial roles in plant growth, intracellular transport, and stress responses. Although the ADF gene family has been extensively studied in various plant species, characterization in tobacco remains limited, particularly regarding its role in disease resistance.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, 24 NtADF genes were identified in the tobacco genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into six groups, with structural and motif compositions supporting functional conservation within groups. Evolutionary analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication (SDR) was the primary drivers of NtADFs duplication, with strong purification selection. Promoter analysis identified numerous stress- and hormone-related cis-elements, and the regulatory network predictions indicated potential interactions with transcription factors (e.g., ERF, MYB, WRKY) and microRNAs (miRNAs). Expression profiling demonstrated tissue-specific patterns and differential responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Notably, functional characterization demonstrated that <i>NtADF22</i> played a critical role in conferring resistance to black shank disease.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides comprehensive insights into the NtADF gene family, highlighting its important roles in plant development and stress responses. These findings offer both theoretical and practical significance for molecular breeding and genetic improvement of tobacco.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00900-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biostimulants from waste: humic-like substances from municipal organic fractions enhance growth, nitrogen acquisition and antioxidant activity of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) plants","authors":"Alice Boarino,&nbsp;Michela Schiavon,&nbsp;Andrea Ertani,&nbsp;Federica Epifani,&nbsp;Daniela Vindrola,&nbsp;Elio Padoan","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00901-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00901-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The integration of mineral fertilizers with biostimulants offers a valuable solution to improve nutrient use efficiency and reduce environmental impact, especially considering the increasing prices of synthetic fertilizers and of the growing ecological concerns. This work explores the valorisation of low-value materials, derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), to produce potential biostimulants.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>OFMSW was processed using different treatments and extraction methods to obtain several products containing humic-like substances. Three of these extracts, selected through germination tests, were evaluated for their biostimulant effects on rocket (<i>Eruca sativa</i> Mill.) plants grown under soilless conditions. All treatments resulted efficient in enhancing leaf and root development and significantly increasing nitrogen acquisition and assimilation by the plant. The biostimulant mechanism of the humic-like materials was investigated under both high and low nitrogen conditions, not only considering biomass production and nitrogen uptake, but also evaluating nitrate content in the leaves, activity of enzymes involved in N assimilation, and total antioxidant activity.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results confirm the potential of waste-derived humic-like products to improve plant growth and nutrient use efficiency, supporting their use as effective, sustainable biostimulants in line with circular economy principles.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00901-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145930271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol-loaded magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers: a green dual-functional platform for synergistic antibacterial and targeted anticancer therapy","authors":"Eman R. Ahmed,&nbsp;Faten M. Abou-Elella,&nbsp;Abuelmagd M. Abdelmonem,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Ali","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00884-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00884-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities. However, its biomedical applications are limited by its poor solubility, instability, and lack of targeted delivery systems. Smart carriers are needed to enhance RSV efficacy, selectivity, and safety.</p><h3>Method</h3><p>An innovative magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP-RSV) for the selective binding of resveratrol was prepared by embedding Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles into a chitosan–poly(cyclodextrin-citrate) polymer matrix. The polymer was characterized by FT-IR, UV–Vis, TEM, and zeta potential analysis, and Adsorption capacity, kinetics, selectivity, and reusability were assessed. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed via MIC and MBC against five multidrug-resistant strains, and anticancer activity was evaluated on Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells, with HFB-4 fibroblasts as normal controls.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The MMIP-RSV platform enabled both extraction and nanoformulation of resveratrol in a single step. MMIP-RSV achieved a high adsorption capacity (129.6 ± 1.2 mg/g), a 6.6-fold improvement, with qRSV = 25.6 ± 0.90 µg/mg, IF = 2.88, selectivity factor αRSV = 2.81, indicating 125% enhanced target selectivity. Reusability tests showed &gt;97% capacity retention over five cycles, declining to 82.8% after six cycles. Antimicrobial activity: MMIP-RSV significantly enhanced RSV potency with MIC reductions of ~77% against MRSA <i>(</i>Methicillin<i>-</i>resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus), </i><i><u>Enterococcus faecalis</u></i>, and <i><u>Salmonella Typhi</u></i><i> .</i> The inhibition zones were 26.0 ± 1.15 mm for S<i>. aureus</i> and 27.0 ± 0.58 mm for <i>E. faecalis</i>, compared to gentamicin (1mg /mL), outperforming free RSV. Gram-negative bacteria exhibited moderate improvement. Anticancer activity: MMIP-RSV selectively inhibited Caco-2 cells (IC₅₀ = 26 µg/mL RSV-equivalent), demonstrating enhanced cytotoxic efficacy compared to free RSV. While free RSV maintained &gt;80% viability in normal HFB-4 fibroblasts even at 1000 µg/mL, MMIP-RSV exhibited a higher selectivity index (6.07 vs. 1.04 for free RSV), although some reduction in fibroblast viability was observed at high total formulation concentrations.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study successfully developed a novel, eco-friendly MMIP (magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer) via a simple one-pot synthesis for the highly selective extraction and delivery of resveratrol. The remarkable binding capacity, selectivity, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy demonstrated in this study position the MMIP-RSV system as a robust and sustainable strategy with significant potential for applications in targeted drug delivery, nutraceutical purification, and advanced biomedical therapies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00884-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision-based augmented manure for pH-targeted soil acidification: improved phosphate-mediated cadmium immobilization and canola growth in calcareous soils","authors":"Muhammad Naveed,&nbsp;Iqra Abid,&nbsp;Muhammad Munir,&nbsp;Abdul Ghafoor,&nbsp;Nashi Alqahtani,&nbsp;Sabreena Islam,&nbsp;Hassan Ali-Dinar,&nbsp;Adnan Mustafa","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00883-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00883-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils poses a significant threat to sustainable food production, necessitating innovative remediation strategies. This study introduces knowledge-based augmented manure (AM), formulated through controlled microbial oxidation of sulfur to generate H⁺ ions for targeted soil acidification, optimizing phosphate (P)-mediated Cd immobilization. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using <i>B. napus</i> in non-spiked and Cd-spiked alkaline soils (0 and 60 mg kg⁻¹ Cd), with two P fertilizer rates (0.5% and 1% DAP) applied in combination with either normal manure (NM) or AM. The amendment rates (P40 and P80) were determined based on an incubation trial to achieve specific soil pH targets (7.5 and 6.5) while preventing over-acidification. Results showed that Cd stress severely impaired plant growth and triggered antioxidant enzyme activity. However, AM + P80 significantly improved plant physiological and agronomic traits, leading to a 90.9% reduction in Cd bioaccumulation, an 83% decrease in the Cd bioconcentration factor, and a 78.8% decline in the Cd harvest index. Additionally, the AM + P80 treatment reduced the health risk index by 83.2%, demonstrating its potential to enhance soil health, suppress Cd uptake, and safeguard food safety. These findings highlight AM as a promising, precision-based soil amendment that regulates pH, optimizes P-Cd interactions, and improves plant resilience in Cd-contaminated calcareous soils.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00883-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145779205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOTAP-functionalized DNA nanocages enable efficient miR168d trafficking to antagonize PVY infection by modulating HSP90-5 homeostasis","authors":"Yanwei Gong,&nbsp;Junying Zhang,&nbsp;Liu Yang,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhao,&nbsp;Lingdie Wang,&nbsp;Dong An,&nbsp;Lianqiang Jiang,&nbsp;Yubing Jiao,&nbsp;Lili Shen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00893-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00893-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Plant viruses cause severe agricultural losses. Conventional pesticides have issues such as residues and resistance, while the delivery efficiency of functional microRNAs in RNA interference strategies is low. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of miR168d on potato virus Y in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and construct a high-efficiency nanodelivery system.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>MicroRNA168d significantly reduces the replication and spread of potato virus Y by targeting and inhibiting Heat Shock Protein 90-5. For the nanocomplex with a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure as the carrier and the cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) as the coating—characterization showed that it enhances the vascular transport efficiency, nuclease resistance, and cellular permeability of miR168d. Additionally, this nanocomplex exhibits low toxicity and good biocompatibility toward tobacco suspension cells. After foliar application, the nanocomplex group showed higher accumulation of miR168d in the leaves and stems of <i>N. benthamiana</i> compared with that in the control group. Specifically, the accumulation of mRNA and protein of the PVY coat protein in the nanocomplex group decreased by 64.3% and the corresponding percentage (consistent with the reduction at the protein level), respectively. As a result, the disease resistance of the plants was significantly improved.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study reveals the antiviral mechanism of the miR168d-HSP90-5 regulatory module, provides a green non-transgenic nanoscale strategy, and is of great significance for agricultural antiviral breeding and sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00893-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Burkholderia plantarii BpMS90 protects harvested tomato against gray mold via antagonistic action and disease resistance induction","authors":"Kangwei Xie,&nbsp;Yusha Du,&nbsp;Xiujuan Gan,&nbsp;Jiatong Zhang,&nbsp;Xinling Liu,&nbsp;Tieyi Hu,&nbsp;Jian Liang,&nbsp;Niqi Xie,&nbsp;Xingyong Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00887-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00887-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Gray mold, a highly destructive disease that affects economically significant crops such as tomatoes, has been a subject of considerable research. Biological control via microorganisms is considered safe, effective, and environmentally friendly. Therefore, screening for biocontrol agents against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and elucidating their antagonistic mechanisms are essential for the biological management of tomato gray mold.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, <i>Burkholderia plantarii</i> BpMS90, which exhibited a 63.51% inhibition rate against <i>B. cinerea</i> and broad-spectrum antifungal activity against 10 plant pathogenic fungi, was isolated from the roots of <i>Potentilla kleiniana</i>. Biochemical, morphological, and genomic analyses classified BpMS90 as a strain of <i>B. plantarii</i>. Microscopic examination revealed that BpMS90 inhibited <i>B. cinerea</i> hyphae growth and markedly suppressed <i>B. cinerea</i> spore germination. Needle inoculation assays revealed that BpMS90 mitigates tomato fruit gray mold disease symptoms. Transcriptomic analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that BpMS90 induces the upregulation of disease resistance-associated genes, such as <i>RPM1</i>, <i>RPS2</i>, and <i>PIK1</i> within the Avr-mediated defense pathway.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>BpMS90 reduces the relative abundance of <i>B. cinerea</i> in postharvest tomato fruit and mitigates rot diseases caused by this fungus during storage by inducing the upregulation of genes involved in Avr-mediated defense pathways. This study is the first to reveal the biocontrol potential of BpMS90, thereby laying a foundation for <i>B. cinerea</i> control strategies and offering valuable insights into the postharvest biological control of fruits.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00887-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145612935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing wheat resilience to combined drought and heat stress through genetic mapping of transgenerational stress memory","authors":"Amr Elkelish,&nbsp;Ahmad M. Alqudah,&nbsp;Sulaiman A. Alsalamah,&nbsp;Hussain Alqahtani,&nbsp;Haifa A. S. Alhaithloul,&nbsp;Amr Fouda,&nbsp;Celestin Ukozehasi,&nbsp;Samar G. Thabet","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00889-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00889-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Combined drought–heat episodes are rising in frequency and severity. Beyond short-term acclimation, it remains unclear how plants archive these experiences across generations to influence offspring phenotype, a gap we address by interrogating transgenerational stress memory. These concurrent stresses trigger complex physiological and molecular responses and may establish a heritable stress memory in plants, potentially priming progeny for improved tolerance. To investigate this phenomenon, we explored the genetic architecture of transgenerational drought and heat stress memory in wheat through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analysis. Our goal was to identify genetic loci and mechanisms that underlie adaptive responses to recurring abiotic stress.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A diverse panel of wheat genotypes was evaluated under well-watered control conditions and recurring combined drought–heat stress treatments across three successive generations. We measured key physiological parameters (e.g., chlorophyll content, osmolyte and protein levels) and agronomic traits (plant height, spike characteristics, grain number, kernel weight) to assess stress tolerance and memory retention. Genome-wide association mapping linked this phenotypic variation under stress to specific genomic regions, and candidate genes within these regions were identified based on known roles in abiotic stress responses. Expression profiling of selected candidate genes was also performed to validate their stress-responsive behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recurrent drought and heat stress caused a progressive decline in chlorophyll content, accompanied by marked accumulation of stress-related metabolites such as proline and soluble proteins, reflecting adaptive physiological adjustment. In contrast, key yield components, including plant height, spike length, spikelet number, grains per spike, and thousand-kernel weight, were significantly reduced, underscoring the detrimental impact on productivity. These effects varied across generations and genotypes, indicating differences in stress memory and highlighting the need to select resilient lines. GWAS identified significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genomic regions on chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 2A that are associated with chlorophyll content, osmolyte accumulation, and yield-related traits under repeated stress. Candidate genes in these loci include factors involved in RNA splicing (arginine/serine-rich splicing factors), carbohydrate metabolism (trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase), cytoskeletal organization (actin bundling proteins), and cell wall modification (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase). Expression analyses showed that these genes are rapidly induced under combined stress, suggesting a coordinated regulatory network for stress adaptation. Notably, some identified loci were specifically linked to traits reflecting transgenerational memory, supporting a genetic ","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00889-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}