Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Effects of microbial fermentation on nutrients and flavor substances of cottonseed kernel and functional properties of derived peptides","authors":"Na Liu,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoping An,&nbsp;Jingwei Qi,&nbsp;Yang Jia","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00742-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00742-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cottonseed kernel (CK) contains high contents of protein and lipids and can be used as a protein feed ingredient. However, the application of CK in animal feed is limited due to the presence of free gossypol. High levels of free gossypol is toxic to animals by affecting protein digestion, causing liver and kidney damage, and impacting growth and reproduction. Microbial fermentation is an effective processing approach to reduce gossypol, improve nutritional value and produce functional peptides of cottonseed by-product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of microbial fermentation on the free gossypol, nutrients and flavor substances of CK. Then the structure, water and oil holding capacity and in vitro antioxidant activity of derived peptide were examined. Fermentation significantly decreased free gossypol content from 0.12 mg/kg to not detected, while increased the contents of crude protein, ether extract, water-soluble protein contents and peptide yields by 5.11%, 9.42%, 40.98% and 39.79%, respectively. Compared with unfermented CK (UCK), the total amino acids, palmitic, oleic acid and linoleic acid contents of fermented CK (FCK) were significantly higher by 114.72%, 24.31%, 14.34% and 14.25%, respectively. Meanwhile, the relative contents of alcohols, aldehydes, esters in FCK were increased by 10.85-fold, 8.75-fold, 8.25-fold compared with UCK. In addition, the derived peptides from FCK (FCKP) possessed higher water and oil holding capacities compared to derived peptides from UCK (UCKP), by 7.01 fold and 22.95%, respectively. In vitro antioxidant assay indicated that FCKP exhibited stronger DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and reducing power. In conclusion, microbial fermentation remarkably improved the nutritional value and flavor substances of CK, and derived CK peptide with antioxidant activity.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00742-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic herbicidal effects of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. leaf extract-silver nanoparticles against Bidens pilosa L.","authors":"Fangxiang He,&nbsp;Yanhui Wang,&nbsp;Haimei Huang,&nbsp;Liangwei Du","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00741-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00741-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The risks posed by conventional herbicides have driven research toward environmentally friendly alternatives for sustainable agriculture. We synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts from the allelopathic plant <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> Gaertn. (lotus) leaves, and their herbicidal activities were investigated against farmland weeds. The lotus-assisted AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, <i>X</i>-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 459 nm observed from the UV–Vis spectrum confirmed the successful synthesis of AgNPs. The hydrodynamic diameter of the AgNPs, as determined by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement, was 105.1 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.196. XRD results confirmed the synthesized AgNPs were proven to be crystalline with an average crystallite size of 18.62 nm. TEM analyses revealed that the AgNPs exhibited a spherical morphology with an average particle size of 12.87 nm. The herbicidal activities against <i>Bidens pilosa</i> L. of these lotus-mediated AgNPs were tested using both the Petri dish method and the soil irrigation method. The plant-derived AgNPs demonstrated a greater inhibitory effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of <i>B. pilosa</i> than the lotus extract. The results from herbicidal tests demonstrated that the synergetic herbicidal activity was realized after combining lotus extract with AgNPs. This study provided a new alternative to synthesize AgNPs by allelopathic plants, which could be used as botanical nanoherbicides for weed management in sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00741-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing drying time for Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: metabolomic insights into dehydration effects on primary and secondary metabolites","authors":"Da Hye Ryu,&nbsp;Jwa Yeong Cho,&nbsp;Muhammad Hamayun,&nbsp;Su Hyeon Lee,&nbsp;Hyeong Ho Cha,&nbsp;Je Hyeong Jung,&nbsp;Ho-Youn Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00745-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00745-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Drying has been considered a preservation technique for reducing water activity, preventing microbial growth, and preserving the quality of aromatic and medicinal plants. Therefore, an understanding of the changes in plant metabolisms due to dehydration during drying and the resulting changes in the active components of medicinal crops is required. <i>Centella asiatica</i> (L.) Urban is one of the important medicinal plant for consumption or medicinal purposes with its four most abundant triterpenoids, including two sapogenins (asiatic acid, AA; madecassic acid, MS) and saponins (asiaticoside, AS; madecassoside, MS). This study investigated the effects of the rate of dehydration on <i>C. asiatica</i> using a metabolic approach and identified the proper drying time to obtain the highest active components.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In fresh samples (0-h drying condition), the highest AA content and TCA-related components (citrate, glutamate, and aspartate) levels were observed. As drying progressed, even minimal drying (6 h) induced metabolic changes by suppressing photosynthesis. With extended drying time, a significant time-dependent increase in amino acid production was observed. While amino acid accumulation progressed, an increase in MA content was observed at 12 h of drying along with an increase in <i>Cab</i>AS gene expression levels. Subsequently, representative stress-related amino acids (GABA and proline) levels rose over time, peaking at 24 and 48 h of drying, respectively. At 48 h of drying, when the moisture in the <i>C. asiatica</i> had disappeared, an increased level of <i>Ca</i>AS expression (involved in biosynthesis of α-amyrin, the precursor of AA and MA) was observed. At extreme dehydration (96 h of drying), increased levels of <i>Ca</i>GT expression (involved in the glycosylation of AA and MA to produce AS and MS) were recorded. Consequently, these elevated biosynthesis gene expression levels resulted in increased saponins, including AS and MS content. However, beyond 96 h of drying, all the metabolites underwent degradation.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study highlights that metabolic responses during drying significantly alter centellosides by stimulating diverse metabolic pathways. Optimizing the drying period would maximize active components (MS and AS) in <i>C. asiatica</i>, thereby enhancing its pharmaceutical value.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00745-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agro-morphological yield-attributed traits, essential oil content, phytochemical composition, and biological activities of some Medicago species","authors":"Ziba Bakhtiar,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Hassandokht,&nbsp;Vahid Fozi,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00740-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00740-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Medicago</i> species (Fabaceae) have garnered significant interest due to their rich array of natural phytochemicals, <i>i.e.</i> saponins, phenolics, and tannins, which exhibit a diverse range of medicinal and biological properties, including the ability to lower blood sugar and fat levels, as well as possessing antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. This study investigated various agro-morphological yield-attributed traits, essential oil characteristics, content of pigments, total triterpene saponins, condensed tannin, total phenolic, and total flavonoids, and biological activity of the three cultivated populations of six <i>Medicago</i> species collected across Iran.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The highest fresh (1044.15 ± 5.35–1153.38 ± 2.61 g/m²) and dry (199.60 ± 1.71–274.48 ± 2.24 g/m²) weight and leaf area index (4.61 ± 0.21–5.83 ± 0.52) were measured in the cultivated populations of <i>M. sativa</i>. The essential oil content ranged from 0.02% to 0.17% (w/w) among the studied samples. A total of 26 chemical compounds 96.08‒99.90% of the essential oils were identified. <i>n</i>-Nonanal (52.21‒66.50%), dimethoxy-(<i>E</i>)-citral (5.22‒7.93%), terpinen-4-ol (1.55‒6.98%), citronellol (4.13‒6.78%), and α-terpineol (2.13‒4.89%) were the major components. Positive and negative significant correlation of antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) with total anthocyanin (<i>r</i> = –0.57, <i>r</i> = 0.72), triterpene saponin (<i>r</i> = –0.75, <i>r</i> = 0.81), total phenolic (<i>r</i> = –0.90, <i>r</i> = 0.97), and total flavonoid content (<i>r</i> = –0.87, <i>r</i> = 0.86) were obtained. The highest antibacterial and antifungal activities of the EOs were obtained against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MIC: 0.062 mg/ml) and <i>Candida glabrata</i> (MIC: &lt; 0.016 mg/ml), respectively. The results demonstrated the superior growth characteristics, valuable phytochemical compositions, and strong biological activities of the studied cultivated populations of <i>Medicago</i>.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In general, populations of <i>M. phrygia</i>, <i>M. monspeliaca</i>, and <i>M. sativa</i> are distinguished as promising candidates for further exploitation in breeding and production programs aimed at improving both agricultural productivity and pharmaceutical applications, as well as exploring innovative applications in food safety and pest management.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00740-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The formation of pineapple translucency was regulated by Ca2+/H+ antiporter gene AcoCAX2","authors":"Haiyan Shu,&nbsp;Farinaz Vafadar,&nbsp;Aiping Luan,&nbsp;You Wang,&nbsp;Junhu He,&nbsp;Rulin Zhan,&nbsp;Shenghe Chang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00746-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00746-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Flesh translucency is a significant physiological disorder in pineapple cultivation. Calcium deficiency in the fruit is a primary cause of flesh translucency. However, simply adding calcium to the soil or applying calcium fertilizer to the leaves and fruits does not eliminate flesh translucency. The mechanism behind this phenomenon has not been previously documented.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our research discovered that the calcium content in the stalk was significantly higher than in the fruit. Calcium ions are primarily transported through the phloem. The calcium concentration in the phloem sap of pineapple stalk at different stages ranged from 14 to 17 µmol/L. The transporter responsible for unloading Ca²⁺ across the membrane of the end sieve vessel in the stalk phloem is the Ca²⁺/H⁺ antiporter exchanger (CAX). Among the four CAX genes in pineapple, only AcoCAX2 is expressed in the stalk. The AcoCAX2 protein is located in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Calcium-sensitive yeast K667 transformed with AcoCAX2 absorbed more calcium ions from the medium compared to the control. The promoter proNtPRB1b-proAcoCAX2 is specifically expressed in the junction between the stalk and fruit. Plants overexpressing AcoCAX2 in this junction absorbed more calcium in the fruit, resulting in a lower incidence of translucency compared to the control. Fruit with a mutant AcoCAX2 gene contained less calcium and exhibited a higher incidence of translucency than control.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The mutant flesh with AcoCAX2 contained more liquid in the intercellular space compared to the wild type and control. AcoCAX2 is the main gene responsible for transferring calcium ions from the stalk phloem into the fruit.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00746-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential oil-based emulsions reduce bacterial canker on kiwifruit plants acting as antimicrobial and antivirulence agents against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae","authors":"Davide Danzi,&nbsp;Mario Thomas,&nbsp;Sara Cremonesi,&nbsp;Fateme Sadeghian,&nbsp;Giorgia Staniscia,&nbsp;Marco Andreolli,&nbsp;Michele Bovi,&nbsp;Annalisa Polverari,&nbsp;Lorenzo Tosi,&nbsp;Marta Bonaconsa,&nbsp;Silvia Lampis,&nbsp;Francesco Spinelli,&nbsp;Elodie Vandelle","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00743-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00743-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i> (Psa) poses a significant threat to global kiwifruit production, with current control measures proving insufficient and fostering resistance development. Essential oils (EOs) offer a promising alternative due to their multifaceted antimicrobial and antivirulence mechanisms. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of various EOs—cinnamon bark (CIN), oregano (ORE), clove bud (CLO), and thyme (THY)—against Psa, in terms of growth and virulence traits. CIN exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by ORE and CLO EOs, while THY EO was less effective. Encapsulation of EOs into organic polymer-based emulsions enhanced their antimicrobial efficacy by improving bioavailability and stability while reducing the required dosage. Notably, CIN and ORE EO emulsions effectively reduced disease symptoms in kiwifruit under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Mechanistically, these EOs demonstrated dual activity: direct antimicrobial effects likely via membrane alteration and indirect antivirulence effects, including the inhibition of biofilm production and type III secretion system induction. Field trials further confirmed the potential of EO-based formulations to reduce disease incidence and severity over a growing season. This study underscores the potential of EO emulsions as sustainable, cost-effective plant protection agents, aligning with the goals of environmentally friendly crop management strategies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00743-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of grape pomace into fungal biomass: a study of Pleurotus cultivation for a sustainable agro-residue management","authors":"Veronica Zuffi,&nbsp;Federico Puliga,&nbsp;Dario Mercatante,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada,&nbsp;Santiago Sanchez-Cortes,&nbsp;Alessandra Zambonelli,&nbsp;Ornella Francioso","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00739-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00739-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Grape production generates substantial agricultural waste, particularly grape pomace, a by-product rich in bioactive compounds. Moreover, its reuse is strongly recommended to prevent environmental issues from improper disposal. This study explores the feasibility of using exhausted grape pomace, alone and in combination with anaerobic digestate, as substrates for <i>Pleurotus</i> mushroom cultivation. Grape pomace is rich in fiber, lipids, sugars, proteins, and phenolic compounds, which makes it a promising substrate for this purpose.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Elemental analyses of this substrate revealed high carbon (46%) and nitrogen (2.5%) contents, along with greater levels of macro and microelements (P, Ca, Mg, Fe) compared to conventional substrates. Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified aliphatic groups from seed fatty acids and polysaccharide bands, typical of the seedless part of grape pomace. Fatty acid evaluation confirmed the presence of partial glycerides with linoleic acid content exceeding 62%, while phenolic composition analysis highlighted a predominance of bound phenols. These chemical characteristics significantly increased mushroom production, with statistically significant increases in fresh weights observed upon the addition of grape pomace, resulting in variations exceeding 130% in some instances. The mixture with digestate exhibited the most promising results, probably due to improved pH values. FTIR and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectra of mushrooms grown on different matrices were similar, but with some differences likely related to substrate composition. In addition, SERS analysis identified ergothioneine, a significant fungal amino acid, which was not detectable in the FTIR spectra.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study highlights grape pomace as an effective and sustainable substrate for mushroom cultivation, offering a viable alternative to conventional growth mediums. The high yield and consistent quality of mushrooms grown on grape pomace, particularly when mixed with anaerobic digestate, demonstrate its potential for commercial mushroom production. The findings support the broader goals of sustainable agriculture by promoting the recycling of agricultural by-products, minimizing waste, and adding economic value. This innovative approach to utilizing grape pomace contributes to improved environmental management and opens new opportunities for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of mushroom cultivation practices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00739-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The essential role of humified organic matter in preserving soil health","authors":"Alessandro Piccolo,&nbsp;Marios Drosos","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00730-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00730-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The soil health notion has been recently expanded to relate soil functions not only to soil fertility for a sustainable primary productivity, but also to the control of water cycling and of the soil carbon storage. Soil humus is fundamental to achieve the objectives of soil health, and it is therefore deemed necessary to enlarge the knowledge of its composition and dynamics, if a modern soil management was to be pursued. This review first describes the contemporary understanding of the supramolecular structure of soil humus and the derived modern method to identify the totality of humic components to an unprecedented extent in soils under different soil management and cropping systems. Then, it accounts on how humus, either native in soil or exogenous from sources rich in organic carbon such as lignite, compost, and lignocellulosic residues, improves the soil physical fertility, limits the risk of erosion, enhances the bioactivity of the rhizosphere microbiome, and directly stimulates plant growth. Moreover, it is highlighted the role played by humus in ecologically sound soil managements, such as in organic and biodynamic agricultural productions, which are progressively growing as alternative to conventional but environmentally unsafe practices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00730-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citronellol inhibits the activity of AtSRT1 to increase IAA content and signal transduction, promoting the growth of A. thaliana","authors":"Jin-Rui Wen,&nbsp;Hong-Yan Nie,&nbsp;Hong-Xin Liao,&nbsp;Fu-Rong Xu,&nbsp;Xiao-Yun Liu,&nbsp;Xian Dong","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00737-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00737-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Histone acetylation is a key epigenetic modification involved in plant development. Although histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are commonly studied in human diseases, their role in regulating histone deacetylation in plants remains unclear. This study explores the function of Citronellol, a volatile small molecule, as a plant-derived HDACi using <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (L.) Heynh (<i>A. thaliana)</i> as a model. Citronellol at concentrations of 3 and 6 mM enhanced both root development and aboveground growth. Enzyme activity assays, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations showed that Citronellol binds to specific residues (PHE:64, ARG:65, MET:1, and ILE:214) of the histone deacetylase AtSRT1 in Arabidopsis, inhibiting its activity and elevating H3K9ac levels. Integrated RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses revealed that Citronellol increased the expression of genes linked to growth and development, including <i>ATCTH</i>, <i>CPL3</i>, <i>IBR5</i>, <i>TCP4</i>, and <i>KUA1</i>, through enhanced histone acetylation and activation of plant hormone signaling pathways. These findings provide new insights into the epigenetic regulation of plant growth by Citronellol, identifying it as a novel HDACi. Citronellol could serve as an effective plant growth regulator, offering valuable applications for agricultural development. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00737-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen source orchestrates pH modulation and secondary metabolism in Trichoderma harzianum","authors":"Stefania Vitale,&nbsp;Felice Salzano,&nbsp;Alessia Staropoli,&nbsp;Roberta Marra,&nbsp;David Turrà,&nbsp;Matteo Lorito,&nbsp;Francesco Vinale","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00735-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00735-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The efficacy of biocontrol agents depends critically on their environmental adaptability, with nutrient availability being a key determinant of their success. In <i>Trichoderma</i> species, the mechanisms linking nutrient sensing to physiological responses remain poorly understood, despite their importance for biocontrol applications.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study reveals how different nitrogen sources fundamentally regulate the physiology and metabolism of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> through pH modulation. Under nutrient-rich conditions, <i>T. harzianum</i> exhibited a biphasic pH response characterized by initial acidification followed by alkalinization, which correlated with enhanced sporulation. Examining specific nitrogen sources, we found that sodium nitrate induced environmental alkalinization, while ammonium nitrate caused sustained acidification. These pH changes were linked to distinct physiological responses: alkaline conditions promoted sporulation, while acidic conditions enhanced mycelial growth and triggered specific metabolic responses. Notably, acidic conditions specifically induced the production of harzianic acid and related bioactive compounds, suggesting pH-dependent regulation of secondary metabolism. This nitrogen-dependent pH modulation pattern was conserved across <i>Trichoderma</i> species, as demonstrated by parallel responses in <i>T. asperellum</i>.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings establish nitrogen source availability as a master regulator of <i>Trichoderma</i> physiology through pH-dependent mechanisms, controlling both development and secondary metabolism. This understanding provides new strategies for optimizing biocontrol formulations by manipulating nitrogen sources and pH conditions to enhance both fungal fitness and beneficial metabolite production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00735-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}