Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Postharvest wounding treatment influences flavone production and biological activities of the hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis","authors":"Hyeon Ji Yeo,&nbsp;Su Young Shin,&nbsp;Sang Un Park,&nbsp;Chang Ha Park","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00715-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00715-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> roots contain root-specific flavones (baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin) exhibiting strong biological effects. Hence, this plant is considered the best plant material for hairy root system applications.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we obtained hairy roots, which are considered natural genetically modified organisms, from <i>S. baicalensis</i> leaves in vitro using wild <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> (<i>A. rhizogenes</i>) R1000 and investigated the effects of postharvest wounding treatment on their flavone production and in vitro antimicrobial properties. Hairy roots were exposed to wounding stress, and the levels of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We found that the levels of these flavones in <i>S. baicalensis</i> hairy roots increased after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure in a time-dependent manner. In particular, the highest production of three flavones was reported after exposure to 96 h of wounding stress. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes involved in root-specific flavone pathways (<i>SbPAL1</i>, <i>SbPAL2</i>, <i>SbPAL3</i>, <i>SbCCL7</i>, <i>SbCHS2</i>, <i>SbCHI</i>, <i>SbFNS2-2</i>, <i>SbCYP82D1.1</i>, and <i>SbF8H</i>) were determined at two time points (control and after 96 h of exposure). Expression levels of <i>SbPAL1</i>, <i>SbCHS2</i>, <i>SbCHI</i>, and <i>SbCYP82D1.1</i> were significantly increased following exposure to wounding stress. Antimicrobials were observed with seven normal pathogens, two multidrug-resistant pathogens, and one pathogenic yeast. Moreover, the inhibition zone sizes of these bacteria were larger in the wounded <i>S. baicalensis</i> hairy roots with higher levels of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin than in those with lower levels of these flavones. In addition to antimicrobial activities, the wounded hairy roots exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities than the controls.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results indicate that postharvest wounding treatment is a good strategy to increase flavone production and enhance the antibacterial activity of <i>S. baicalensis</i> hairy root cultures.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00715-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Streptomyces aureoverticillatus HN6 through mutagenesis for improved biocontrol of banana wilt disease: an WGS approach","authors":"Xiangnan Yan,&nbsp;Shakil Ahmad,&nbsp;Nazia Manzar,&nbsp;Yunfei Zhang,&nbsp;Coline C. Jaworski,&nbsp;Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap,&nbsp;Lanying Wang,&nbsp;Yanping Luo","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00732-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00732-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>-induced Fusarium wilt in bananas is a highly detrimental disease that significantly impedes the progress of the banana industry. In this study, <i>Streptomyces aureoverticillatus</i> HN6 was isolated from soil samples of Hainan Botanical Garden and showed a wide spectrum of bacterial inhibition and a substantial effect on the control of banana wilt disease. While the bacterium demonstrates high inhibitory activity, and the use of live strains is effective, there are limitations in the development and application of this particular strain, such as effective secondary metabolites are difficult to extract; unstable metabolites, and low sporulation rates. Consequently, the strain underwent electron beam mutagenesis, ⁶⁰Co-γ ray mutagenesis, two cycles of ultraviolet irradiation mutagenesis, and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutation to generate multiple mutant strains. The mutant strain Z20-1 exhibited resistance to elevated temperatures and enhanced enzymatic activities, specifically increased levels of both amylase and cellulase. Moreover, the fermentation broth of the mutant strain E95 substantially improved the bacterial inhibitory activity. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the presence of seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one multiple nucleotide polymorphism (MNP), and three insertion-deletions when comparing the mutant strain E95 with the original strain HN6. Notably, the mutant strain E95 exhibited the highest expression of <i>npmC</i>, a core gene in the niphimycin C synthesis gene cluster. Through mutagenesis of the original strain HN6, several mutant strains with superior characteristics were successfully obtained. These findings serve as a valuable technical reference for the mutation breeding of <i>Streptomyces</i>.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00732-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of water status during fruiting body development of Agaricus bisporus and its relationship to mushroom quality","authors":"Lingzhong Wan,&nbsp;Hui Sun,&nbsp;Ying Ni,&nbsp;Jun Tang,&nbsp;Junjie Yu,&nbsp;Juan Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoming Yan,&nbsp;Xiaonan Deng","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00719-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00719-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The analysis of changes in subcellular water distribution during mushroom fruiting is essential for elucidating the movement of water molecules within subcellular compartments. However, prior research on mushrooms has predominantly concentrated on alterations in water status during drying and postharvest processes in the food processing sector. Knowledge regarding subcellular water compartments throughout mushroom growth and fruiting remains limited. In the present study, the dynamics of subcellular water status across various growth stages of <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> were investigated using LF-NMR relaxometry.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Three components were resolved from transverse relaxation curves, assigned to cell wall, cytoplasmic and vacuolar water, in both whole mushroom and mushroom tissues (stalk and Pileus). As fruiting body developed, the proton degree of freedom of three water fractions determined by T₂ measurement all increased. The T₂ values of three water fractions in stalk were higher than those in pileus during the first three stages, whereas they became lower compared to those in pileus from somewhere between the two stages of 2–3 and 3–4. Apparently different patterns of change in three water contents were observed, indicating the variations in water distribution at subcellular level. Furthermore, relative humidities caused obvious changes in water status. In addition, highly significant correlations were observed between T₂ and textural parameters, indicating that the dynamics of water status exert a substantial influence on the formation of mushroom quality.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A consistent increase in the transverse proton degree of freedom of three distinct water fractions, accompanied by markedly divergent patterns in the variations of the three water contents, was observed across different growth stages of fruiting bodies. Subsequently, highly significant correlations between T₂ and textural parameters were established. This study would contribute to reveal macroscopic water transport within mushroom tissues and provide theoretical insights for optimizing high-quality mushroom cultivation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00719-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of NR and NiR gene families reveals nitrite formation mechanisms in two Toona species","authors":"Yi Wei,&nbsp;Jianhua Dai,&nbsp;Yanru Fan,&nbsp;Hengfu Yin,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;Xiaojiao Han","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00728-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00728-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Toona sinensis</i> and <i>Toona ciliata</i> both belong to the same genus in the Meliaceae family; however, the nitrate and nitrite contents in <i>T. sinensis</i> are significantly higher than those in <i>T. ciliata</i>. Given the growing emphasis on dietary health, it has become imperative to implement breeding strategies to reduce the excessive nitrite levels in <i>T. sinensis</i>. Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) are crucial enzymes in plant nitrogen metabolism. In this study, we employed a comparative analysis of the NR and NiR gene families in <i>T. sinensis</i> and <i>T. ciliata</i>. By integrating bioinformatics and expression pattern assessments, we aimed to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to the variance in nitrate and nitrite levels between these two species.</p><h3>Results</h3><p><i>T. sinensis</i> exhibited higher nitrate and nitrite contents than <i>T. ciliata</i>. Through comprehensive genome-wide analysis, we identified two <i>TsNRs</i> and two <i>TsNiRs</i> in <i>T. sinensis</i>, compared to one <i>TcNiR</i> and two <i>TcNiR</i>s in <i>T. ciliata</i>, suggesting an expansion of NR members in <i>T. sinensis</i> relative to <i>T. ciliata</i>. The NR and NiR proteins in <i>T. sinensis</i> and <i>T. ciliata</i> share high sequence similarity and exhibit close genetic relationships with their counterparts in <i>Populus trichocarpa</i> and <i>Salix purpurea</i>. The exon–intron structures and conserved motifs of these genes were stringently conserved throughout evolutionary history. All the seven NR and NiR genes in both <i>T. sinensis</i> and <i>T. ciliata</i> harbor various cis-regulatory elements within their promoter sequences, which are associated with development, stress response, and hormonal regulation. Furthermore, the expression of <i>TsNiR</i> and <i>TcNiR</i> genes was also found to be tissue-specific. Among them, <i>TcNR1</i> and <i>TsNR2</i> exhibited the highest expression observed in mature leaves. Especially, the expression level of <i>TsNR2</i> in mature leaves was 400-fold higher than in other tissues. In addition, transient overexpression of <i>TsNiR1</i> and <i>TsNiR2</i> in <i>T. sinensis</i> significantly reduced nitrite content.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The higher nitrite accumulation in <i>T. sinensis</i> compared to <i>T. ciliata</i> is attributed to its lower nitrite reductase activity, the expansion of the NR gene family, and the elevated expression of <i>TsNR2</i> in the leaves.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00728-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global energy challenge: second-generation feedstocks on marginal lands for a sustainable biofuel production","authors":"Claudio Russo,&nbsp;Valerio Cirillo,&nbsp;Nausicaa Pollaro,&nbsp;Fabio Terribile,&nbsp;Andrea Chiodini,&nbsp;Albino Maggio","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00729-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00729-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the global population continues to grow, so does the demand for energy resources. As a consequence, using renewable energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels has become mandatory to reduce the environmental footprint of the energy sector. Biofuels represent a renewable source of energy, but their production has raised concerns regarding their possible impacts on food security. Indeed, the current biofuel production primarily relies on food crops and arable lands. That is in conflict with the need to produce more food for an increasing world population. To overcome this incongruence, it is proposed to cultivate second-generation biofuel crops on marginal lands, since this option could bring benefits in terms of food security and sustainability. Based on the scientific literature, we addressed the following critical points: (i) whether marginal land worldwide can be considered a reasonable alternative to arable lands for biofuel production; (ii) evaluate the sustainability of biofuel production with respect to unintended negative consequences of crop cultivation such as indirect land use change, social insecurity and loss of biodiversity. It was concluded that the amount of land for growing plants can possibly sustain both food and biofuel production if marginal land are included. In this context, it becomes a priority to select biofuel crops with high productivity on marginal lands and pronounced resilience and adaptability traits. Underutilized crops such as <i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>, <i>Ricinus communis</i>, <i>Brassica carinata</i>, <i>Camelina sativa</i> etc. may fit the purpose and may represent a valuable alternative to first-generation feedstock because they require minimal agronomical input. Using underutilized crops on marginal lands can also provide important ecological services, including improving soil fertility and water regulation, increasing biodiversity and reducing soil erosion. To fully exploit this option, it will be critical to calibrate plant growth models to estimate the potential biofuel production on marginal land from second-generation feedstock and to create tools for a more rational management of this land.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00729-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of compounds against atherosclerosis induced by ox-LDL based on cell extraction/UPLC–MS/MS from mulberry twigs and their mechanistic analysis","authors":"Zhihui Jin,&nbsp;Wei Xiang,&nbsp;Xiaowen Shi,&nbsp;Fenglin Jiang,&nbsp;Yanan Jia,&nbsp;Yuansong Zhang,&nbsp;Lingshu Zeng,&nbsp;Xianzhi Huang,&nbsp;Li Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00709-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00709-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mulberry twigs, a traditional Chinese medicinal and agricultural byproduct, contain bioactive compounds with anti-atherosclerotic potential. This study aims to identify and evaluate the effects of key compounds in mulberry twig extracts (MTEs) on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), with a focus on understanding how these compounds modulate oxidative stress and related signaling pathways.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Biospecific cell extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) were employed to screen and identify these compounds. Protective effects were assessed by measuring cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, along with detecting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) using 2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and dihydroethidine (DHE) probes. Real-time qPCR and Western blotting were used for mRNA and protein level analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Two novel active compounds, Kuwanon H and Morusin, and the known Kuwanon G, were identified. They significantly reduced MDA and ROS levels while increasing SOD activity in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Kuwanon H was particularly effective, enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) activity and upregulating its target genes Heme oxygenase-1 (<i>HO-1</i>) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (<i>NQO-1</i>).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, Kuwanon H, Morusin, and Kuwanon G effectively protected HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced oxidative injury, with Kuwanon H showing the strongest protective effects via the Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These compounds hold potential in treating atherosclerosis and related oxidative stress diseases.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00709-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical properties, structure, growth-promoting and antioxidant activities of Glycyrrhiza leaf polysaccharides modified by fermentation","authors":"Juan Du,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Xia Li,&nbsp; Zhalaga,&nbsp;Na Liu,&nbsp;Wenwen Wang,&nbsp;Jingwei Qi,&nbsp;Xiaoli Fan,&nbsp;Xiaoping An","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00722-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00722-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermentation on the physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activities of <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf, compare the structures of unfermented (GLP) and fermented (FGLP) polysaccharides, and assess their growth-promoting and antioxidant activities using zebrafish embryos. The results showed that the polysaccharide content, extract yield, and reduced sugar content of <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf increased significantly after 36 h of fermentation. In parallel, in vitro antioxidant activities assays demonstrated that <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf fermented for 36 h exhibited strong DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and reducing power. Scanning electron microscope and infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed differences in the surface morphology of unfermented and fermented <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf, with both polysaccharides being acidic and containing pyranose rings and α-glycosidic bonds. The molecular weight of FGLP was lower than that of GLP, and the molar ratios of guluronic acid, amino glucose, glucuronic acid, glucose, xylose, and arabinose were increased. In the zebrafish model, <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf polysaccharides promoted the growth and development of zebrafish embryos, with the most pronounced effect at a concentration of 20 µg/mL after fermentation. FGLP exhibited superior protective effects against lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride. The findings demonstrated that fermentation could enhance the utilization of <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> leaf polysaccharides and their antioxidant capacity. These findings opened avenues for further research into the bioavailability of FGLP in vivo and offered valuable insights into its potential as a natural and innovative antioxidant.</p><p><b>Highlights</b></p><ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Variations on physicochemical parameters and antioxidant activity were tracked during fermentation.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Fermentation should last for 36 h based on the dynamic changes.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The molecular weight of polysaccharides decreased after fermentation.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>FGLP has growth-promoting and developmental effects on zebrafish.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>FGLP exhibited superior protective effects against lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by AAPH.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00722-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of light quality on the profiling of metabolites and the status of Lactobacillus community in the phyllosphere of hydroponically grown ginseng","authors":"Nooruddin Bin Sadiq,&nbsp;Ji-Eun Lee,&nbsp;Muhammad Hamayun,&nbsp;Seda Nur Kabadayı,&nbsp;Na-Yun Park,&nbsp;Bokyung Lee,&nbsp;Ho-Youn Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00725-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00725-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The microbial community within the phyllosphere plays a critical role in plant health and growth by facilitating nutrient uptake, inducing resistance and enhancing tolrance to stress. Environmental factors, such as light intensity and quality, are known to influence the composition and function of phyllosphere microbiota. In hydroponic systems, these interactions are particularly relevant, as they can significantly affect plant growth and yield. Based on the potential of controlled environments to shape both plant and microbial responses, the impact of different light conditions on the phyllosphere microbiota is crucial for plant health and productivity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study evaluated two Korean ginseng varieties exposed to different LED light treatments in a hydroponic system. Metabolite profiling and ginsenoside content were analysed, while bacterial abundance in the phyllosphere was quantified. Detailed insights into the microbial community were obtained through 16S rRNA sequencing. A multivariate analysis was performed to distinguish the effects of different LED treatments of the phyllosphere microbiota.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carbohydrates were most abundant in treatments with flouresence light (FL), blue light (BL), and red light (RD), while treatments with dark (DK), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) light exhibited higher levels of amino acids and organic acids. Minor ginsenoside content was significantly higher in Gumpoong (V2) variety compared to the Yunpoong (V1). Light intensity had a direct impact on the composition of the phyllosphere microbiota, with specific microorganisms being associated with each ginseng variety under different LED light exposures. Organic acids and amino acids positively influenced the abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Ni-trospirae, while Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria correlated significantly with carbohydrate levels. Proteobacteria remained stable under IR treatment, constituting over 80% in V2 and 60% in V1, while UV light promoted microbial stability in V2 and fostered more diverse ecosystems in V1, both characterized by richness in organic acids and amino acids. &lt;i&gt;Lactiplantibacillus plantarum&lt;/i&gt; was the only lactic acid bacterium detected in both varieties, with higher abundance in V2, indicating its potential ubiquity across different ginseng types.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Current findings showed that LED light treatments significantly influenced the metabolite profiles and phyllosphere microbiota of hydroponically grown Korean ginseng. Specific light conditions, such as blue, red, and infrared, promoted distinct microbial communities and enhanced the production of key metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, and ginsenosides. The presence &lt;i&gt;L. plantarum&lt;/i&gt;, highlights the potential of ginseng as a functional food with probiotic properties. This study provides valuable insights into optimizi","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00725-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on application of green-synthesized ZnO and Si nanoparticles in enhancing aquaculture sediment quality","authors":"Yaoqiang Zhu,&nbsp;Weidong Li,&nbsp;Waqas Ahmed,&nbsp;Mohsin Mahmood,&nbsp;Hayssam M. Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan,&nbsp;Jochen Bundschuh,&nbsp;Muhammad Akmal,&nbsp;Sajid Mehmood","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00716-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00716-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fishpond sediments (FPS) are rich in organic carbon and nutrients, making them valuable as fertilizers and soil conditioners. Stabilizing heavy metals like chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) is essential to reduce their bioavailability and risks. This study evaluates zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon (Si) nanoparticles synthesized from <i>Azolla pinnata</i> and <i>Equisetum arvense</i> for heavy metal immobilization and nutrient enhancement in FPS from San Jiang (SJ) and Tan Niu (TN), China.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nanoparticles were synthesized using Azolla pinnata and Equisetum arvense. Fishpond sediments from San Jiang (SJ) and Tan Niu (TN) were treated with ZnO and Si nanoparticles. Heavy metals and nutrients were analyzed via ICP-OES and soil analysis, while sequential extraction assessed metal distribution in geochemical fractions.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The application of these nanoparticles, especially the green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (GSZnONPs), was found to significantly reduce the concentrations of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in both the overlying and pore water of the FPS. This reduction not only minimizes the leachability of these heavy metals, but also substantially decreases their bioavailability. The study recorded a notable shift in the acid-soluble metal fraction, resulting in an average reduction of Cr concentrations by 31–28%, Cu by 18–21%, and Zn by 32–23% in the sediments from San Jiang (SJ) and Tan Niu (TN). Moreover, the application of these nanoparticles also improved the nutrient profile of the sediments, potentially enhancing their utility as fertilizers.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Zinc oxide and silicon nanoparticles synthesized from <i>Azolla pinnata</i> and <i>Equisetum arvense</i> are effective in immobilizing heavy metals in fishpond sediments, significantly reducing their bioavailability and potential environmental risks. The use of these green-synthesized nanoparticles not only mitigates heavy metal contamination, but also enhances the nutrient content of the sediments, making them more suitable for use as soil conditioners and fertilizers. This dual benefit highlights the potential of these nanoparticles as a sustainable solution for managing contaminated fishpond sediments while contributing to agricultural productivity.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00716-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene family reveals the positive role of NtSPS5 and NtSPS6 in drought stress tolerance of tobacco","authors":"Bingyu Li,&nbsp;Huan Su,&nbsp;Shuaibin Wang,&nbsp;Junping Gao,&nbsp;Zhong Wang,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Xin Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00727-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-024-00727-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is an important enzyme in the sucrose synthesis of plants, governing the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic assimilates, which is essential for plant growth and stress tolerance.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study successfully identified eight <i>NtSPS</i> genes within the genome of cultivated tobacco. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are categorized into three subfamilies, a classification supported by the examination of their gene structures and conserved domains. The promoters of the <i>NtSPSs</i> contained a variety of cis-elements associated with plant development, responses to phytohormones, and stress resistance. Expression profiling demonstrated that <i>NtSPS</i> genes exhibit distinct expression patterns across different tissues and under various stress conditions. Notably, the majority of <i>NtSPS</i> genes, especially <i>NtSPS5</i> and <i>NtSPS6</i>, showed high expression in leaves and increased expression in both roots and leaves following drought treatment. Furthermore, overexpression of <i>NtSPS5</i> and <i>NtSPS6</i> in tobacco plants significantly improved the germination rate under mannitol treatment and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes along with chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under drought stress. These results suggest that <i>NtSPS5</i> and <i>NtSPS6</i> have a positive impact on drought stress tolerance in tobacco plants.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Therefore, this study provides the significant target in drought resistance breeding and lays the foundation for further investigation into the function and regulatory mechanisms of <i>SPS</i> genes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00727-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}