Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Alpine peatland degradation enhances soil nitrogen losses and alters plant nitrogen uptake strategies: evidence from nitrogen isotopes","authors":"Xiaodong Zhang,&nbsp;Lijuan Cui,&nbsp;Xin Jia,&nbsp;Liang Yan,&nbsp;Yong Li,&nbsp;Zhongqing Yan,&nbsp;Kerou Zhang,&nbsp;Ao Yang,&nbsp;Yuechuan Niu,&nbsp;Enze Kang,&nbsp;Xiaoming Kang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00835-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00835-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Nitrogen plays a critical role in sustaining ecosystem functions in peatlands; however, the degradation of approximately 12% of global peatlands substantially alters nitrogen cycling. Although the abundance of stable nitrogen isotopes (δ¹⁵N) has been widely used to trace nitrogen processes, their patterns and implications across degradation gradients are not well understood. This study examined changes in δ¹⁵N and their relationships with nitrogen content and environmental factors along a degradation gradient in alpine peatlands, including flooded wetlands, wet meadows, moderately degraded meadows, and severely degraded meadows.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Soil δ¹⁵N increased from flooded wetlands to wet meadows and moderately degraded meadows, likely due to increased nitrogen release as the peatlands dried. However, soil δ¹⁵N declined from moderately to severely degraded meadows, possibly reflecting reduced microbial activity and limited nitrogen transformation under extreme degradation. Across all sites, roots were depleted in ¹⁵N relative to soil, with increasingly negative Δδ¹⁵N_root–soil values in more degraded sites, likely driven by shifts in plant community composition and changes in nitrogen uptake strategies. Random forest analysis revealed that the soil water content, phosphorus, and nitrogen availability were the primary factors influencing the soil and plant δ¹⁵N values, as did ¹⁵N fractionation during plant nitrogen uptake along the degradation gradient.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Peatland degradation leads to greater soil δ¹⁵N and increased ¹⁵N depletion from soil to plants, indicating a shift toward more open ecosystem nitrogen dynamics and altered plant nitrogen uptake strategies associated with greater nitrogen losses. These findings provide new insights into the impact of peatland degradation on nitrogen dynamics and demonstrate the effectiveness of δ¹⁵N as a tool for monitoring changes in nitrogen cycling and availability across degradation levels.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00835-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined microbial inoculation and reduced inorganic fertilization enhances diversity and functionality in potato rhizosphere microbiome at field scale","authors":"Irene Ollio,&nbsp;Raúl Zornoza,&nbsp;Josefa Contreras Gallego,&nbsp;Catalina Egea-Gilabert,&nbsp;Juan A. Fernández,&nbsp;Eva Lloret","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00836-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00836-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Intensive potato farming heavily relies on mineral fertilizers which can be detrimental to the environment. Microbial inoculants emerge as a sustainable alternative to such fertilizers due to their potential to improve nutrient availability and plant health. Nevertheless, their effect on potato rhizosphere and tuberosphere require further elucidation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A field experiment was conducted in Southeast Spain on potato using a randomized block design involving four fertilization treatments: conventional mineral fertilization (F100); 50% fertilization reduction (F50); and F50 combined with two distinct microbial inoculants (F50 + BA, containing &lt;i&gt;Azospirillum, Bacillus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt;; and F50 + BAFU, containing &lt;i&gt;Azotobacter, Bacillus&lt;/i&gt;, and non-mycorrhizal fungi). Soil samples from the bulk, rhizosphere, and tuberosphere were collected at four key growth stages: pre-planting, pre-inoculation, post-inoculation, and at harvest. Microbial community composition and diversity were assessed using sequencing data and estimated absolute abundance. The functional potential of the soil microbiome was evaluated by quantifying key genes involved in carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles via quantitative PCR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the post-inoculation stage, the estimated absolute abundance of potential pathogenic fungi such as &lt;i&gt;Neocosmospora&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Botryotrichum&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Gibellulopsis&lt;/i&gt; was significantly decreased in the F50 + BAFU and F50 + BA treatments compared to the F50 treatment, which showed the highest estimated absolute abundance values (1.48 × 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, 1.20 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, and 6.87 × 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; copies g⁻&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; soil, respectively) (&lt;i&gt;p-&lt;/i&gt;value &lt; 0.05). Shannon diversity significantly varied across plant growth stages and soil compartments (&lt;i&gt;p-&lt;/i&gt;value &lt; 0.001), with the tuberosphere generally exhibiting the highest richness. Notably, during the post-inoculation period, diversity was significantly higher in the F50 + BA treatment than in F100 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value &lt; 0.05), indicating a positive effect of microbial inoculation under reduced fertilization. By normalizing functional gene abundance to total microbial biomass (gene/16S rRNA ratio) during the post-inoculation period, we observed not only a quantitative increase but also evidence of a treatment-driven functional enrichment, as in the F50 + BAFU and F50 + BA treatments, that significantly increased the abundances of key nitrogen cycling genes, such as &lt;i&gt;nifH&lt;/i&gt; (0.09 and 0.06 copies g&lt;sup&gt;‒1&lt;/sup&gt; soil in April, respectively) and &lt;i&gt;nirK&lt;/i&gt; (0.008 and 0.011 copies g&lt;sup&gt;‒1&lt;/sup&gt; soil in April, respectively), as well as gene GH7 (0.012 copies g&lt;sup&gt;‒1&lt;/sup&gt; soil in May), compared to the F100 and F50 treatments (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Microbial inoculants offer a promising strategy for reducing chemical fertilizer inputs in semi-arid potato cultivation by enhanci","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00836-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of antimicrobial compounds produced by Bacillus nakamurai CBAS-959 and their activity against phytopathogenic bacteria","authors":"Carmen Julia Pedroza-Padilla,&nbsp;Sergio Orduz,&nbsp;Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00828-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00828-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The application of beneficial microorganisms is an effective solution for the control of crop diseases caused by phytopathogenic bacteria. <i>Bacillus</i> sp. plays a significant role as a biofactory of antimicrobial compounds, and bioformulations containing species of the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> complex are commercialized. However, there is limited information on the chemical structural diversity of antimicrobial compounds produced by <i>Bacillus nakamurai</i> and its own potential use in agriculture as a suppressor agent of phytopathogenic bacteria.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, the bacterium strain CBAS-959, which produces diffusible black pigmentation in the growth medium, was identified as <i>Bacillus nakamurai</i> through biochemical characterization and the analysis of the 16S rRNA and <i>gyr</i>A genes. Co-culture assays confirmed a strong antagonistic effect against <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum</i>, producing inhibition halos of 23.9 ± 1.8 mm and 23.2 ± 1.8 mm, respectively. The crude extract and pure fractions analyzed by MS/MS mass spectrometry and evaluated by disk diffusion assays demonstrated that <i>B. nakamurai</i> CBAS-959 produces iturin A, bacillibactin, bacillaene, bacillaene B, and dihydrobacillaene, and five isoforms with different surfactin homologs. Extracts obtained from PDB and M1 media showed zones of inhibition of phytopathogenic bacteria between 9.5 ± 0.5 and 23.5 ± 0.5 mm, while fractions of purified compounds between 13.2 ± 0.8 and 21.0 ± 2.6 mm. Bacillibactin showed a MIC of 31.25 µg/mL against <i>R. solanacearum</i> and <i>P. carotovorum</i> but did not inhibit <i>X. citri</i>. PDB-2 L extract was the most active against <i>X. citri</i>, with an MIC of 62.5 µg/mL.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This is the first study that purified and demonstrated that bacillibactin has a direct antibacterial effect against <i>R. solanacearum</i> and <i>P. carotovorum</i>. In addition, this work reports that <i>B. nakamurai</i> CBAS-959 produces bacillaene B, five isoforms of surfactins, inhibits the growth of <i>R. solanacearum</i> on co-culture, and the extracts obtained in PDB and M1 inhibit the growth of <i>X. citri</i>. Therefore, this research provides new information on the metabolic diversity and antimicrobial activity of <i>B. nakamurai</i> CBAS-959 and its potential use for future studies to explore new alternatives for the control of phytopathogens.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00828-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the fractions responsible for plant root elongation-promoting and antioxidant activities of humic product extracted from composted wood thinnings","authors":"Masakazu Aoyama,&nbsp;Yasushi Kojima","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00824-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00824-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>HS-2^®Pro, a humic product, is produced from composted thinnings of coniferous trees and is commercially available as a biostimulant. In this study, it was fractionated into humic acid (HA), hydrophobic fulvic acid (FA), hydrophilic FA, and highly hydrophilic FA to identify humic fractions with biostimulant effects. Each fraction was characterized using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with π–π interactions, and their root elongation-promoting and antioxidant activities were evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The humic product comprised approximately 70% of its weight on an ash-free basis in the HA fraction, 15% in the hydrophobic FA fraction, 2.5% in the hydrophilic FA fraction, and 4.7% in the highly hydrophilic FA fraction. DRIFT spectroscopy showed that the composition of functional groups varied considerably among the fractions. The estimation of the size distribution of the molecular associations in each fraction by HPSEC indicated that the constituents of the HA fraction are forming larger molecular associations, and the constituents of the FA fractions occur as relatively small aggregates and unbound molecules. The RP-HPLC analysis revealed that each humic fraction was composed of many constituents with different degrees of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. The root elongation-promoting activity evaluated from the elongation of the primary roots of komatsuna seedlings was highest in the hydrophilic and highly hydrophilic FA fractions, followed by the HA fraction, whereas the hydrophobic FA fraction showed no significant activity. The antioxidant activity evaluated based on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in the HA and hydrophobic FA fractions and lower in the hydrophilic and highly hydrophilic FA fractions.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present study revealed that the constituents of the hydrophilic FA, highly hydrophilic FA, and HA fractions were responsible for the root elongation-promoting activity of the humic product, whereas the constituents of the HA and hydrophobic FA fractions were responsible for the antioxidant activity.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00824-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study on the design and regulatory effects of synthetic communities of endophytic actinomycetes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge","authors":"Changwen Zheng,&nbsp;Wencheng Zhao,&nbsp;Yurui Wu,&nbsp;Hongmei Jia,&nbsp;Guiqi Han,&nbsp;Dongmei He,&nbsp;Hai Wang,&nbsp;Zhuyun Yan","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00815-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00815-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Microorganisms can confer or enhance various ecological adaptation functions of host plants, offering wide-ranging applications in the cultivation and production of medicinal plants. While root-associated beneficial actinomycetes are commonly used in biological control, their effects on plant growth and development have been rarely reported. This study focuses on a total of 13 beneficial endophytic actinomycetes in the roots of <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> Bunge. Under different synthetic community (SynCom) construction principles, we constructed five synthetic communities based on functions and relationships to investigate their effects on growth, nitrogen metabolism, phosphorus metabolism, iron metabolism, resistance, and active components of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i>.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Synthetic communities 3 and 4 composed of functionally complementary strains promoted growth more effectively, synthetic communities 1 and 3 composed of distantly related strains increased total phenolic acid content, and synthetic community 5 that composed solely of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing strains not only promoted growth but also enhanced the active component content. Genome analysis revealed that synthetic communities with terpenes biosynthetic gene clusters promoted <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> growth.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results suggested synthetic community design should consider strain relationships, plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, and functional genes. This study introduces novel insights into synthetic community design.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00815-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological roles of pyrazines in insect chemical communication","authors":"Adel Khashaveh,&nbsp;Chaoqun Yi,&nbsp;Haoyu Tang,&nbsp;Xuan Song,&nbsp;Guohua Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaoxin Xie,&nbsp;Yongjun Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00830-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00830-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pyrazines, a widespread class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic volatiles, are crucial semiochemicals in insect ecology, orchestrating behaviors ranging from alarm signaling and aposematism to aggregation and mate recognition. Despite their recognized importance, significant knowledge gaps persist. The detailed enzymatic pathways for pyrazine biosynthesis—both in insects and their microbial symbionts—remain largely uncharacterized. Furthermore, the precise molecular machinery of pyrazine perception, including the specific olfactory receptors and downstream neural processing, is still not fully understood. To bridge these knowledge gaps, this review consolidates the current understanding of the chemical diversity of pyrazines utilized by insects and delves into their complex biosynthetic origins, covering both <i>de novo</i> insect synthesis and contributions from associated micro-organisms. We explore their varied functional roles in mediating critical insect behaviors and discuss the analytical methodologies used for their study. By outlining these unresolved areas and summarizing the state of the field, this review emphasizes the necessity for integrated investigations to fully elucidate the multifaceted roles of pyrazines. Such comprehensive knowledge is essential for advancing insect biology and for strategically harnessing these compounds in novel, sustainable pest management technologies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p> Functional diversity of pyrazine compounds in chemical communication</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00830-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exogenous sucrose on root nitrogen uptake in apple at sub-low root-zone temperature","authors":"Xiaoping Zhao,&nbsp;Hanyu Liu,&nbsp;Lijie Li,&nbsp;Deguo Lyu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00819-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00819-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots, reducing root function and inhibiting nitrogen (N) uptake. Exogenous sucrose can protect plants from low temperature stress, however, the role of sucrose in regulating the N uptake in apple roots at sub-low temperature is unclear. In this study, the physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic mechanisms of apple root N uptake regulation by 1% sucrose under sub-low root-zone temperature (LT) were evaluated. The results showed that LT treatment significantly inhibited N uptake (especially NO₃⁻-N) and metabolism in roots, decreased photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves, and inhibited the growth of roots (root activity decreased by 68.85%) and above-ground parts, while exogenous sucrose application significantly alleviated this inhibition. Sucrose application accelerated carbon (C) metabolism and increased sugar, acid, and adenosine triphosphate contents in roots. In addition, exogenous sucrose alleviated the inhibition of N uptake by low temperature, increased the NO₃⁻-N content, and increased the activities of enzymes related to N metabolism (NR, GS, NADH-GOGAT, GPT, and GOT) in roots. Most of the genes associated with C and N metabolism (<i>MdBMY3</i>, <i>MdSS3</i>, <i>MdPFK6</i>, <i>MdCS2</i>, <i>MdNPF4.4</i>, <i>MdGS</i> and <i>MdGDH1</i>) were upregulated under sucrose treatment, as confirmed by transcriptomic data. Furthermore, the transcriptomic and metabolomic results suggested that sucrose may enhance N uptake by increasing the accumulation of luteolin and sinapyl alcohol in flavonoid metabolism. Collectively, these results provided new insights into the role of sucrose in modulating apple root N uptake under sub-low temperature.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00819-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous citric acid-mediated modification of metabolism, transport and signal transduction of non-structural carbohydrates in rice under hexavalent chromium stress","authors":"Yi Kang,&nbsp;Yu-Juan Lin,&nbsp;Cheng-Zhi Li,&nbsp;Hao Zhan,&nbsp;Xiao-Zhang Yu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00827-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00827-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a highly toxic heavy metal that adversely affects plant growth and development. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) serve as dynamic metabolic buffers under environmental stress, balancing growth and detoxification demands. This study elucidates how exogenous citric acid (CA) alters subcellar distribution of Cr(VI) and reprograms NSC allocation to alleviate Cr(VI) toxicity in <i>Oryza sativa</i> through integrated biochemical and transcriptomic analyses.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>CA application significantly enhanced biomass growth in Cr(VI)-stressed seedlings, with Cr(VI) redistribution across subcellular compartments and NSC reconfiguration. Tissue-specific transcriptomic shifts revealed CA-mediated modulation of NSC metabolic genes, transporters, and signaling components. Genome-scale metabolic network modeling identified <i>OsNIN4</i> and <i>OsTPP3</i> as predicted regulatory nodes to mediate a dynamic equilibrium between NSC partitioning and Cr(VI) detoxification in roots of Cr(VI)-treated rice seedlings supplied with exogenous CA. <i>OsNIN4</i> suppressed sucrose synthesis to favor nitrogen-based defenses, while <i>OsTPP3</i> enhanced fructose retention via trehalose-OsSnRK signaling network from “CA + Cr(VI)” treatments. Divergent expression patterns of other NSC-associated genes revealed the multifaceted regulatory mechanism governing NSC metabolism, translocation, and stress-responsive signaling.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Exogenous CA application improved the growth of Cr(VI)-treated rice seedlings. The integrated analysis of genome-scale metabolic network indicated <i>OsNIN4</i> and OsTPP3 as predicted regulatory nodes for optimizing NSC flux during CA-mediated Cr(VI) detoxification in rice plants.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00827-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization of a purified polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum vestitum and its effects on acute lung injury in mice","authors":"Shujuan Xue,&nbsp;Ruixue Li,&nbsp;Jishu Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojun Li,&nbsp;Yuchen Guo,&nbsp;Yisen Qiao,&nbsp;Bao Zhang,&nbsp;Lili Wang,&nbsp;Suiqing Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00822-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00822-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Chrysanthemum vestitum</i>, a perennial plant in the <i>Compositae</i> family and closely related to <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i>, has long been used as both food and medicine. To explore the structural characteristics and potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of polysaccharides derived from <i>C. vestitum</i>, a homogeneous polysaccharide, CVP_C, was isolated from <i>C. vestitum</i> using hot water extraction and alcohol precipitation. The crude extract was then purified via DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography and gel filtration system. Structural characterization of CVP_C was performed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, molecular weight determination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), monosaccharide composition analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and methylation analysis. An LPS-induced ALI mouse model was established to assess the protective effects of CVP_C. Inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6 and TNF-α) in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were quantified, and histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, gut microbiota profiling was employed to study the underlying mechanisms.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Structural analysis revealed that CVP_C is a xylan-type polysaccharide and has a molecular weight of 25.049 kDa. It is primarily composed of mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), glucosamine (GlcN), glucose (Glc), glucuronic acid (GlcA), xylose (Xyl), rhamnose (Rha), and arabinose (Ara). The backbone structure consisted of → 4)-β-D-Xylp-(1 → residues. In vivo, CVP_C significantly reduced total protein content in BALF and suppressed the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in both BALF and lung tissues, effectively attenuating pulmonary inflammation in the murine model. Histopathological examination and lung injury score further demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration and alleviation of lung tissue injury following CVP_C treatment. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that CVP_C reversed LPS-induced dysbiosis by increasing the relative abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i> while decreasing that of <i>Bacteroidota</i>, thereby ameliorating ALI<i>.</i></p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>CVP_C is a novel acidic xylan polysaccharide that protects against ALI by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration. Its therapeutic mechanism is likely linked to modulation of gut microbiota composition, promoting beneficial bacteria and suppressing pathogenic taxa. These findings indicate that CVP_C has potential for use as a natural anti-inflammatory agent and functional food ingredient for the promotion of respiratory and gastrointestinal health.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00822-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of synthetic microbial community in solid-state fermentation (SMC-SSF) for converting Chinese distiller grains into protein feed","authors":"Zhiqing Liang,&nbsp;Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Shen,&nbsp;Ruitao Chen,&nbsp;Yuansong Peng,&nbsp;Yafan Cai,&nbsp;Shan Zeng,&nbsp;Wei Zhuang,&nbsp;Jianping Yang,&nbsp;Dong Liu,&nbsp;Shilei Wang,&nbsp;Jingliang Xu,&nbsp;Hanjie Ying","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00829-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00829-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chinese distiller grains (CDGs) are a primary by-product of the Baijiu production process. This research focused on converting CDGs into high-protein, low-fiber, and non-toxic feed through the synergistic effects of the synthetic microbial community in solid-state fermentation (SMC-SSF) of CDGs. After fermentation promoted by inorganic nitrogen, the protein content indicated 33.32%. Concurrently, crude fiber, ethanol, lactic acid, and acetic acid content were decreased by 20.46%, 64.28%, 64.28%, and 90.96%, respectively. Additionally, zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 content decreased by 9.32% and 63.75%. The organic acid, ethanol, and mycotoxin content in fermented CDGs (FCDGs) complied with the standards of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). While the digestibility was enhanced 62.46%, it also showed the effective antimicrobial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. This study provides a viable pathway for producing protein feed with enhanced probiotic characteristics.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00829-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}