Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"A comparative study of the sorption, persistence, and bioactivity of the enantiopure and racemic forms of abscisic acid in soil under different application regimes","authors":"María del Valle Muñoz-Muñoz,&nbsp;Rafael Celis,&nbsp;Rocío López-Cabeza","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00896-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00896-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The plant growth regulatory activity of both enantiomers of abscisic acid (ABA) provides a rationale for evaluating the potential benefits of using racemic ABA (RS-ABA) over S-ABA as a plant protection product. For soil application, where phytohormone stability is an important issue, the use of either S-ABA or RS-ABA would require a thorough evaluation of their enantioselective behavior in soil. In this work, a comparative study of the bioactivity of S- and RS-ABA under different regimes of soil application was performed, using <i>Eruca sativa</i> as a target test plant.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Under soilless conditions (Petri-dish experiments), S-ABA inhibited the germination of <i>Eruca sativa</i> at lower concentrations (IC₅₀ = 1.1 mg/L) than RS-ABA (IC₅₀ = 1.9 mg/L). Conversely, in soil pot bioassays, RS-ABA inhibited germination at lower concentrations (IC₅₀ = 12 mg/L) than S-ABA (IC₅₀ = 30 mg/L). This was attributed to a more rapid inactivation of the S-enantiomer of ABA by biodegradation in soil in comparison with the R-ABA enantiomer. When applied post-emergence to soil-grown <i>Eruca sativa</i> seedlings, S-ABA exhibited greater activity than RS-ABA in foliar applications, while differences in activity became insignificant upon soil applications. A field experiment confirmed the germination inhibitory activity of both S-ABA and RS-ABA under real environmental conditions, with soil-applied RS-ABA showing slightly greater activity compared to S-ABA.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The outcomes of this work demonstrate that the enantiomeric composition can significantly influence the effectiveness of ABA as a plant protection product, and suggest that racemic ABA may offer advantages over S-ABA in certain soil application scenarios due to a slower inactivation of the R-ABA enantiomer.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00896-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insight into the pivotal roles of ubiquitination in mediating plant responses to heat stress through diverse pathways and modules","authors":"Qaisar Khan,&nbsp;Wenxi Jia,&nbsp;Qi Shi,&nbsp;Zhijie He,&nbsp;Junxian Ye,&nbsp;Kangtong Xu,&nbsp;Yixi Wang,&nbsp;Hui Yang,&nbsp;Gengshou Xia,&nbsp;Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00906-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00906-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rising ambient temperatures associated with global climate change present a major threat to plant productivity by imposing heat stress (HS) that disrupts cellular, biochemical, and molecular processes in plants. HS leads to protein unfolding, aggregation, and inactivation, with consequent perturbation of metabolic pathways, impaired growth, and yield losses. This review elucidates comprehensive details of how the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) maintains proteostasis through diverse pathways in plants exposed to elevated temperatures. Plants deploy ubiquitination, a highly conserved post-translational modification, as a key remedial mechanism to restore proteome homeostasis and support thermotolerance. Ubiquitination proceeds via an enzymatic cascade (E1-E2-E3) that selectively tags damaged or misfolded proteins for degradation by the 26 S proteasome or for processing via the autophagy lysosome pathway. In plants, the expanded repertoire of ubiquitin E3 ligases provides substrate specificity and enables integration of stress signalling, developmental control, and protein quality-control systems. E3 ligases include various pathways such as XBAT31, which mediates reproductive thermotolerance by ubiquitinating heat shock factor repressors; COP1, which links thermal and light-mediated cues via the COP1–HY5–PIF4 axis; PUB63, an early heat-responsive U-box E3 in rice that supports protein-quality control; and KEG, which integrates ubiquitin-mediated regulation of hormone and stress signalling networks. Moreover, the interplay between ubiquitination and selective autophagy ensures that ubiquitinated aggregates are recognized (NBR1) and delivered to autophagosomes, while N-degron regulation of ATG8a fine-tunes autophagic flux during HS. Through these coordinated ubiquitin-mediated and autophagy-driven clearance mechanisms, plants preserve proteome integrity, maintain cellular function, and achieve adaptive recovery under extreme temperatures. Understanding these ubiquitination-centred regulatory networks is essential for developing chemical and biological technologies to engineer heat-resilient crops. Such interventions hold promise for sustainable agricultural production under warming climates by integrating molecular insights with applied technologies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00906-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146027400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multifunctional LDH nano-platform enhances tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) photosynthesis through phyllospheric spectral conversion and Mg/Mo nutrition","authors":"Xie Yin,&nbsp;Kai Cai,&nbsp;Lingyu Huang,&nbsp;Chong Wang,&nbsp;Peng Deng,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhang,&nbsp;Shuang Ming,&nbsp;Mengdie Linghu,&nbsp;Weichang Gao,&nbsp;Wenjie Pan","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00910-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00910-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The mismatch between the solar spectrum and chlorophyll absorption peaks, combined with magnesium (Mg) and molybdenum (Mo) deficiencies in acidic soils, critically constrains photosynthetic efficiency and crop productivity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, a multifunctional nanomaterial with dual-capabilities i.e. spectral-conversion and nutrient-supply—molybdate-intercalated (MoO₄²⁻) and europium (Eu³⁺)-doped layered double hydroxide (MgAlEu-MoO₄²⁻-LDH)—was applied to tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L.) leaves as a phyllospheric regulator. Material characterization revealed that MgAlEu-MoO₄²⁻-LDH exhibited strong absorption in the ultraviolet region and efficiently converted the absorbed energy into red emissions at 610 nm and 706 nm, thereby optimizing the leaf-surface light environment. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed its uniform adhesion on the leaf surface. Compared with the control (CK) and the unreacted MgAlEu-MoO₄²⁻-LDH raw material (Raw), MgAlEu-MoO₄²⁻-LDH treatment significantly enhanced plant height, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll content, and accumulation of photosynthetic carbon assimilate. The Mg and Mo contents in leaves increased markedly, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities showed no significant changes, indicating effective nutrient supplementation and no evident phytotoxicity. Mechanism analyses with transcriptomics and metabolomics further revealed that MgAlEu-MoO₄²⁻-LDH upregulated multiple genes involved in photosystem electron transport and reprogrammed the phytohormone network (downregulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), and upregulation of salicylic acid (SA)).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Collectively, MgAlEu-MoO₄²⁻-LDH acts as a novel phyllospheric nano-regulator that synergistically couples “light-environment optimization” and “nutrient supply” to enhance photosynthetic efficiency and promote crop growth, providing a promising strategy for nanomaterial-driven sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00910-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons of soil microbial compositions in rhizospheres of sugarcane cultivars with different abilities to resist smut","authors":"Siyu Chen,&nbsp;Xinyan Zhou,&nbsp;Xinni Li,&nbsp;Yufei Wei,&nbsp;Zhongliang Chen,&nbsp;Shangdong Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00892-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00892-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sugarcane smut, caused by the fungus <i>Sporisorium scitamineum</i>, is a devastating disease that limits sugarcane production and causes significant yield losses worldwide. This urgent threat highlights the critical need for novel sustainable control strategies. While utilizing beneficial plant-associated microbes shows promise for enhancing disease resistance, the contribution of the sugarcane rhizosphere microbiome in smut resistance remains poorly understood.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, rhizosphere microbial communities of sugarcane cultivars with contrasting resistance to smut were comparatively analyzed using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and ITS region. Analysis of microbial co-occurrence networks analysis revealed that the resistant cultivars maintained more complex and stable networks than the susceptible cultivars. The rhizosphere microbiome of smut-resistant cultivars was predominantly enriched in beneficial genera such as <i>Trichoderma</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Talaromyces</i>, <i>Psathyrella</i>, and <i>Sphingomonas</i> whereas that of susceptible cultivars contained more <i>Streptomyces</i> and <i>Gibberella</i>. Functional prediction also revealed distinct metabolic functions between the two microbiomes.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings demonstrate that network stability and enrichment of antagonistic microbes constitute key determinants of rhizosphere-mediated smut resistance. Our study provides critical insights for developing microbiome-driven breeding strategies and biological control measures against this economically important disease.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00892-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145831445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of polysaccharide-functionalized selenium nanoparticles on rice growth and biofortification: a metabolomics approach","authors":"Fusen Li,&nbsp;Ping Li,&nbsp;Xinping Wang,&nbsp;Yinghui Gu,&nbsp;Zhihui Luan,&nbsp;Kai Song","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00897-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00897-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Selenium (Se) deficiency affects a significant portion of the global population, making biofortification of staple crops essential for public health. While selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) show promise for biofortification due to their low toxicity and high bioavailability, their application is limited by poor colloidal stability. This study explores the potential of Phellinus igniarius polysaccharide-stabilized SeNPs (SHP–SeNPs) to enhance rice growth and selenium biofortification (Se biofortification), focusing on their underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>SHP–SeNPs demonstrated excellent colloidal stability and significantly improved rice physiological parameters. A foliar application of 45 mg/L SHP–SeNPs increased chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins, surpassing the effects of unmodified selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and SHP alone. Field trials confirmed that SHP–SeNPs boosted rice grain yield and achieved Se biofortification, with polished rice containing 0.228 mg/kg Se, primarily as bioavailable selenomethionine. Metabolomics analysis revealed that SHP–SeNPs activated metabolic pathways such as the TCA cycle and sugar metabolism, upregulating 16 core metabolites including flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycerophospholipids, which contributed to the observed growth promotion.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>SHP–SeNPs enhance rice growth, biofortification, and overall metabolic activity through a synergistic effect between SHP and SeNPs. The results highlight the potential of SHP–SeNPs as a stable and effective agent for Se biofortification in rice. This work provides valuable insights into the metabolic reprogramming of plants induced byfunctionalized nanoparticles and lays the foundation for developing intelligent nano-fertilizers to improve crop nutrition.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00897-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics reveals the effect of initial water content on the fermentation quality of cigar tobacco leaves","authors":"Yumeng Gao,&nbsp;Lukuo Zhou,&nbsp;Wenlong Guo,&nbsp;Dewen Huang,&nbsp;Jian Liu,&nbsp;Yihui Wang,&nbsp;Yang Ning","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00886-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00886-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fermentation, a fundamental process in the production of cigar tobacco leaves, substantially influences the improvement of tobacco leaf quality. The initial water content is a crucial factor that regulates the fermentation process. This research systematically analyzed the dynamics of volatile aroma components, microbial community structure, and differential metabolites during the fermentation of cigar tobacco under three initial water content conditions (H1, H2, and H3).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>For three different initial water contents of cigar tobacco leaves, GC–MS analysis examined changes in key aroma compounds during the fermentation; Metagenomic analysis revealed differences in the microbial community composition of tobacco leaves, identifying characteristic microorganisms at the species level. Correlation analysis further elucidated the relationship between these characteristic microorganisms and flavor compounds; Untargeted metabolomics identified differential metabolites and their corresponding metabolic pathways during fermentation.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The research findings provide theoretical guidance for further optimizing the fermentation process and enhancing the quality of cigar tobacco leaves.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00886-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating compost, biochar and Bacillus siamensis enhances plant growth and modifies rhizosphere bacterial communities","authors":"Andrea Crespo-Barreiro,&nbsp;Jorge Cara-Jiménez,&nbsp;Fernando González-Andrés","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00902-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00902-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Composting converts organic residues into a stable amendment rich in nutrients and beneficial microorganisms, improving soil structure and fertility. <i>Bacillus</i> species are common plant-associated microbes that mobilise nutrients, produce phytohormone and protect plant against pathogens. Compost is vital to sustainable agriculture, but are often slow-acting and insufficiently effective under intensive farming conditions. Its partial substitution with mineral fertilisers and reduce practices to maintain soil organic matter, drives soil degradation and biodiversity loss. Integrating compost with biochar and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can improve its performance. This study tested the combined effects of compost, biochar and <i>Bacillus siamensis</i> MTA1-3 on plant growth and rhizosphere microbial communities at three doses (1.0%, 1.5%, 3.0%) in a ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) microcosm experiment to identify the most effective formulation and evaluate its impacts on soil microbial structure and potential functions.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The triple combination at 1.5% significantly increased plant growth compared to compost + biochar and control treatments. In the first cycle, fresh biomass was 14.83 ± 1.30 g <i>vs</i>. 12.45 ± 0.84 g (compost + biochar) and 7.93 ± 0.58 g (control); dry biomass was 1.89 ± 0.18 g <i>vs</i>. 1.57 ± 0.15 g and 0.97 ± 0.09 g, respectively. In the second cycle, fresh biomass was 12.68 ± 0.70 g <i>vs.</i> 12.03 ± 0.86 g (compost + biochar) and 6.70 ± 0.95 g (control); dry biomass was 1.55 ± 0.13 g <i>vs.</i> 0.89 ± 0.13 g. In addition, <i>Bacillus</i> abundance increased in the rhizosphere under the 1.5% treatment (8.79%) compared with control (1.70%), whereas in the bulk soil the change was minor (2.73%). Predictive functional profiling showed higher relative abundance of groups involve in nitrogen cycle under the 1.5% treatment.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The triple treatment induces beneficial, yet non-permanent, changes in the rhizosphere microbiome, improving the potential functionality of the soil without altering the bulk microbial community. This approach enhances both plant growth and soil biodiversity, providing a promising sustainable strategy to improve nutrient availability and promote soil biodiversity in intensive agricultural systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00902-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146027090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative proteomics analysis of defense responses triggered by the Pi1 gene following Magnaporthe oryzae infection in rice","authors":"Dongjin Qing,&nbsp;Weiwei Chen,&nbsp;Jingcheng Li,&nbsp;Baiyi Lu,&nbsp;Yinghua Pan,&nbsp;Juan Huang,&nbsp;Weiyong Zhou,&nbsp;Defeng Wu,&nbsp;Qun Yan,&nbsp;Gaoxing Dai,&nbsp;Yan Zhou,&nbsp;Guofu Deng","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00899-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00899-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rice blast disease, caused by <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> (<i>M. oryzae</i>), poses a major threat to global rice production annually. The <i>Pi1</i> gene is a key determinant of resistance to this pathogen. However, the proteomic responses of rice to <i>M. oryzae</i> infection in both <i>Pi1</i>-containing and <i>Pi1</i>-deficient backgrounds remain poorly understood.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study investigated <i>Pi1</i>-mediated protein responses in rice using quantitative proteomics to compare the susceptible line MeiB and its <i>Pi1</i>-introgression line 96B. Comparative analysis of 4-day post-infection samples versus untreated controls identified 121 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in 96B and 126 in MeiB. Functional classification showed that DEPs related to cellular processes, metabolic processesprocesses, and responses to stimuli were significantly enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed enrichment in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in both lines. Notably, <i>Pi1</i> modulated proteins associated with apoptosis and purine metabolism during <i>M. oryzae</i> infection in 96B. Network analysis revealed 44 DEPs, including the pathogenesis-related protein PR10a, forming protein–protein interaction networks in 96B, compared to only 22 DEPs in MeiB.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The key findings include the specific regulation of biotic stress-related proteins such as Gnk2-homologous domain-containing protein and AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein in 96B; apoptosis and purine metabolism pathways being unique to DEPs from 96B; and the presence of pathogenesis-related protein 10a and stress-responsive proteins (e.g., Bet_v_1 domain-containing and Gnk2-homologous domain-containing proteins) in the 96B interaction network. Therefore, these results suggest that <i>Pi1</i> contributes to rice blast resistance by modulating apoptosis/purine metabolism pathways and protein–protein interaction networks.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00899-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein hydrolysates derived from pig blood increase growth performances of tomato by regulating phenolic biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes under drought stress","authors":"Xinyu Yuan,&nbsp;Weixuan Wang,&nbsp;Yifan Fu,&nbsp;Yinhua Ji,&nbsp;Yang Jiao,&nbsp;Haofeng Lv,&nbsp;Bin Liang,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00905-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00905-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Drought has been recognized as a major threat to crop yields. Protein hydrolysates, a group of plant biostimulants, appear to be a promising eco-friendly strategy for enhancing plant tolerance to various environmental stresses. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel protein hydrolysates derived from pig blood (PP) on growth performances of tomato and its underlying mechanisms under drought stress.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that PEG-induced drought stress significantly increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide (O₂·⁻), and malondialdehyde (MDA), resulting in the obvious reduction of plant height, stem diameter, and shoot or root fresh weight. Exogenous PP stimulated the rapid accumulation of total phenolic, flavonoids, and individual phenolic compounds in tomato plants by regulating the relative expression of genes involved in phenolic biosynthesis, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase(F3H), and flavonol synthase (FLS). Meanwhile, PP application also significantly reduced the content of H₂O₂, O₂·⁻, and MDA, and improved the antioxidant capacity and growth performances of tomato plants under drought stress. However, exogenous phenolic biosynthesis inhibitors, 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), significantly decreased the contents of total phenolic and flavonoids, which partially abolished the positive impacts of PP in reducing ROS accumulation, oxidative damage and increasing drought tolerance under drought stress. In addition, PP treatment also simultaneously enhanced the enzyme activities of superoxide (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and total antioxidant activity of tomatoes under drought stress.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, PP application might be a useful method in reducing ROS accumulation and oxidative damage by regulating the accumulation of phenolic compounds and activities of antioxidant enzymes, thus enhancing the drought tolerance of tomato.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00905-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic analysis of Metisa plana: downregulation of cry toxin receptors and detoxification genes in populations with reduced susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticide","authors":"Nurhafizhoh Zainuddin,&nbsp;Maizom Hassan,&nbsp;Mohamed Mazmira Mohd Masri,&nbsp;Mohd Shawal Thakib Maidin,&nbsp;Ahmad Zairun Madihah,&nbsp;Noorhazwani Kamarudin,&nbsp;Nur Robaatul Adhawiyah Mohd Ali Napiah,&nbsp;Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00873-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00873-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Metisa plana</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) is a major defoliator in oil palm plantations. The continuous application of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) bioinsecticide has raised concerns about its declining efficacy. In this study, we report the first comparative transcriptomic profiling of <i>M. plana</i> populations exhibiting reduced susceptibility to Bt Cry toxin. Bioassays using the leaf-dip method revealed a 5.44-fold increase in LC₅₀ values between populations, indicating early signs of reduced susceptibility. De novo transcriptome assembly generated 114,860 unigenes and 261,955 transcripts. Differential expression analysis identified 4507 significantly regulated unigenes, including those encoding key Cry toxin receptors such as cadherin, aminopeptidase-N, alkaline phosphatase, and ABC transporters. Notably, three cadherin unigenes were downregulated in the reduced-susceptibility group, suggesting altered receptor expression may contribute to Bt response variation. Selected unigenes were validated via qRT-PCR. This study provides novel insights into the molecular response of <i>M. plana</i> to Bt Cry toxin exposure and offers a foundation for future functional validation and resistance management strategies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00873-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}