Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Valorization of Aronia melanocarpa pomace: construction of antioxidant starch-based composite films, preservation performance, and life cycle assessment","authors":"Qingpan Bu,&nbsp;Wei Zhao,&nbsp;Jingge Xie,&nbsp;Qiaoxi Zhang,&nbsp;Shiwei Yuan,&nbsp;Li Sheng,&nbsp;Chuanyan Wei,&nbsp;Zhun Wang,&nbsp;Kai Song","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01003-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01003-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> pomace is a polyphenol-rich processing by-product, yet its high-value conversion into functional food-packaging materials remains insufficiently explored.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, an ultrasound-assisted aqueous pomace extract was incorporated into a cassava starch/cellulose nanofibril/nano-SiO₂ matrix to construct an antioxidant composite film. LC-MS analysis showed that flavonoids accounted for 51.3% of the extract. Molecular docking, fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD confirmed non-covalent interactions between pomace-derived polyphenols and the film matrix. The resulting SCSA film exhibited strong antioxidant activity, good UV stability, medium-dependent release behavior, low water vapor permeability, and high tensile strength. Application tests showed that it delayed water loss, browning, lipid peroxidation in “Shine Muscat” grapes, and acidification and flavor deterioration in pasteurized milk. Life cycle assessment indicated lower environmental impacts than conventional petrochemical packaging.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides a feasible strategy for converting <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> pomace into sustainable antioxidant packaging materials for food preservation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01003-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary antimicrobial peptides are associated with improved colonic immunity and barrier function and altered microbiota–metabolite profiles in fattening Holstein bulls","authors":"Yue Ma,&nbsp;Jinping Shi,&nbsp;Meiling Xu,&nbsp;Yongliang Huang,&nbsp;Pengjia He,&nbsp;Yongzhi Cao,&nbsp;Ruixin Yang,&nbsp;Yuting Min,&nbsp;Zhaomin Lei","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01011-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01011-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>High-concentrate diets can impair gastrointestinal mucosal integrity, induce hindgut acidosis, and promote intestinal inflammation in ruminants. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are considered promising alternatives to antibiotic feed additives because of their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. This study aimed to characterize the protective effects of dietary AMP supplementation on colonic barrier integrity under high-concentrate feeding conditions and to explore the regulatory relationships among colonic microbiota, metabolites, and immune responses in finishing Holstein bulls.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighteen Holstein bulls (300 ± 10 days, 346.03 ± 19.94 kg) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, basal diet) or an AMP group (basal diet supplemented with 8 g·d^− 1·head^− 1 AMP) for 270 days. Colonic tissues and contents were collected to assess morphology, barrier and immune function, inflammatory responses, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbiota, metabolites, and transcriptomic profiles using histological and immunostaining assays, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, LC–ESI–MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics, RNA sequencing, and qPCR.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>AMP supplementation reshaped the colonic microbiota, increasing Firmicutes-affiliated genera, including <i>Negativibacillus</i>, <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i>, and <i>Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010</i>. It also increased microbial metabolites, particularly propionate, butyrate, 3-aminobenzamide, hispidol, and N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine. These changes were accompanied by enhanced barrier function, as indicated by upregulated expression of tight junction-related genes (<i>ZO-1</i>, <i>claudin-1</i>, and <i>claudin-4</i>) and mucin genes (<i>MUC1</i> and <i>MUC2</i>). AMP supplementation also reduced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (<i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, and <i>IL-6</i>), increased <i>IL-10</i> and <i>PIGR</i> expression, and elevated secretory immunoglobulin (sIg)A and sIgM concentrations, indicating improved mucosal immunity.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Dietary supplementation with AMP was associated with improved colonic health in finishing Holstein bulls, accompanied by reduced intestinal damage, attenuated inflammation, and changes in colonic barrier function and gut microbiota–metabolite profiles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01011-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of bacterial-derived bio-nematicides against root-knot nematodes through in vitro screening, GC–MS profiling, and molecular docking approaches","authors":"Hanaa M. Elawady,&nbsp;Ramadan A. Bakr,&nbsp;Yasser M. Shabana","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00992-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00992-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Root-knot nematodes are among the most economically destructive pathogens affecting tomato production worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal potential of bacteria cell-free culture filtrates against <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. using integrated in vitro and in silico approaches. Seventeen bacterial isolates were obtained from soil and evaluated in vitro for their effects on egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality of root-knot nematodes. The two most effective isolates were molecularly identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bioactive compounds present in their culture filtrates were characterized using GC–MS analysis. The nematicidal potential of the identified compounds was further assessed via molecular docking against nematode acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The in vitro results indicated that isolate BI-10 recorded the highest egg hatching inhibition (89.67%), while isolate BI-13 recorded the highest mortality rate (80.91%). Isolate BI-10 was identified as <i>Stenotrophomonas beteli</i> (accession No. PX508182), while BI-13 was identified as <i>Enterobacter quasihormaechei</i> (accession No PX508183). GC–MS analysis detected 79 bioactive compounds in the culture filtrates of both isolates, with relative abundances ranging from 0.52% to 6.42%. Molecular docking revealed that six compounds exhibited promising binding affinities to nematode AChE relative to oxamyl. The findings suggest that the secondary metabolites produced by BI-10 and BI-13 show potential as candidate bio-nematicidal agents. These findings highlight their promise as sustainable alternatives to chemical nematicides and support their future development as effective bionematicides for root-knot nematode management.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00992-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolite-based two germplasms, transplant time and seed color development codes in Psoralea corylifolia L.: insights from untargeted metabolomics","authors":"Bi Luo,&nbsp;Hanhong Liang,&nbsp;Rihua Xie,&nbsp;E. Ou,&nbsp;Jie Chen,&nbsp;Yuling Luo,&nbsp;Xuanxuan Cheng,&nbsp;Hanjing Yan,&nbsp;Haiqian Yu,&nbsp;Peiran Liao,&nbsp;Zhong Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01002-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01002-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Psoralea corylifolia</i> L. (PCL) is a high-value medicinal legume widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its diverse bioactive compounds. The plant exhibits significant metabolic plasticity, which is influenced by germplasm resources, cultivation practices, and ontogenetic maturation. However, the precise metabolic shifts driven by the interplay between flower color variants, transplantation timing, and seed development remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to systematically profile the metabolic variations in PCL to optimize cultivation and breeding strategies.</p><h3>Methods and Results</h3><p>Using non-targeted metabolomics, we analyzed seed metabolites across two germplasms (purple vs. white corolla), four transplantation windows (April to July), and three maturation stages (green, yellow, and black seeds). 2156 metabolites were identified through comparison with reference standards and public databases. Among them, significant fluctuations were observed among key bioactive coumarins and flavonoids, including 8-AHC, psoralen, bakuchiol, isobavachin, carpachromene, licoflavone B, corylin, and 8-prenylnaringenin. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that flavone, flavonol, and isoflavone biosynthesis are the primary metabolic pathways responding to transplantation timing and seed maturation. Notably, isoflavone levels were significantly higher in late-maturity groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), indicating that seed maturity is a critical determinant of pharmacological potency.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study elucidates the complex metabolic shifts occurring during PCL seed ontogeny and identifies specific environmental and genetic factors that govern metabolite accumulation. Our findings provide a scientific foundation for molecular breeding and the optimization of cultivation protocols to maximize the yield of therapeutic compounds. Furthermore, these results offer a theoretical framework for the comprehensive utilization of PCL resources and provide strategic guidance for future efforts aimed at the metabolic engineering of flavone and isoflavone biosynthesis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01002-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-specific metabolic responses of piquin peppers to colored shading nets across fruit maturation revealed by 1H NMR metabolomics","authors":"Yamir Jiménez-Viveros,&nbsp;Anna Mascellani Bergo,&nbsp;Jaroslav Havlik,&nbsp;Juan Ignacio Valiente-Banuet","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00997-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00997-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Mexico, piquin peppers (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. var. <i>glabriusculum</i>) are highly valued for their distinctive flavor, pungency, and bioactive phytochemicals. Under cultivated conditions, production commonly occurs under shade structures; however, the biochemical consequences of shade nets on fruit metabolism remain poorly characterized. This study evaluated how shade nets of different colors influence the metabolic composition of piquin pepper fruits during ripening. Untargeted ¹H NMR-based metabolomics profiling was employed to characterize metabolic changes associated with fruit maturation and shade-net environments. This approach enabled the simultaneous detection of primary and secondary metabolites, revealing subtle biochemical responses to different light-filtering conditions. Fruit maturation was the dominant determinant of the metabolic profile. Immature fruits contained higher levels of amino acids and nucleosides, whereas mature fruits accumulated greater concentrations of organic acids, sugars, proline, and capsaicinoids. Shade-net treatments produced moderate but measurable metabolic shifts. In immature fruits, aspartate concentrations decreased under black and gray nets, while 2,3-butanediol increased under black nets. In mature fruits, capsaicin concentrations were higher under blue and gray nets than under other treatments. These fruits also exhibited increased levels of alanine, acetate, glutamine, and signals associated with histidine/formate metabolism. Overall, shade nets did not substantially alter the global metabolic structure but induced targeted adjustments in pathways associated with nitrogen metabolism and secondary compound accumulation. The developmental stage was the dominant determinant of metabolic composition in piquin peppers. In contrast, shade-net color exerted secondary but relevant effects on specific metabolites, including capsaicinoids and nitrogen-related compounds. These findings indicate that shading strategies can subtly modulate the biochemical profile of peppers without disrupting the overall metabolic progression during ripening, providing insights into optimization strategies of protected cultivation systems and improving fruit quality.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00997-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative nutritional and flavor analysis of Lentinula edodes of different varieties: wild and cultivated strains","authors":"Zuoyi Zhu,&nbsp;Junliang Chen,&nbsp;Yingkun Yang,&nbsp;Jiarong Yao,&nbsp;Zhen Li,&nbsp;Fen Dai,&nbsp;Haibao Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01007-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01007-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Lentinula edodes</i> is one of the most cultivated edible mushrooms in the world, renowned for its distinctive texture, high nutritional value, and umami-rich flavor profile. So far, <i>Lentinula edodes</i> industry faces significant challenges including scarcity of regionally adapted elite varieties, degeneration of traditional strains, and suboptimal flavor profiles, heightening the need of flavor-oriented variety breeding and quality evaluation.</p><h3>Methods and results</h3><p>This study investigated the nutritional and flavor profiles of four <i>Lentinula edodes</i> varieties (two wild strains and two cultivated strains). Significant inter-varietal differences were observed in proximate composition, essential minerals and bioactive compounds. Key tasty components included free amino acids, 5′-nucleotides, soluble sugars and polyols. Differential levels of monosodium glutamate-like amino acids and 5′-nucleotides resulted in significantly varied equivalent umami concentration (EUC) values among varieties. Volatile analysis identified 68 compounds, with 32 exhibiting OAV &gt; 1. The characteristic aroma profile of <i>Lentinula edodes</i> was attributed to key aroma contributors: eight-carbon compounds (1-octen-3-ol, 1-octen-3-one, and 3-octanone) and sulfur-containing compounds (dimethyl disulfide, 1,2,4-trithiolane, 1,2,4,5-tetrathiane, and lenthionine). Hierarchical cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis identified the characteristic aroma-active volatiles responsible for the varietal aroma differences. Each variety had a unique taste and odor, which could be completely distinguished by the electronic tongue and electronic nose.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Distinct nutritional and flavor profiles exist among different <i>Lentinula edodes</i> varieties. The wild strain S2 exhibited superior EUC and volatile abundance, representing a promising elite germplasm. These findings provide a scientific basis for quality assessment, flavor improvement, and targeted breeding of <i>Lentinula edodes</i>.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01007-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined use of tannins is not a simple additive effect: based on in vitro fermentation and molecular docking techniques","authors":"Jiaxuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yifan Li,&nbsp;Meilin Xue,&nbsp;Rujie Liu,&nbsp;Zewei Sun,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01008-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01008-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of hydrolysable tannins (HTs) and condensed tannins (CTs) at different mixing ratios and dosages can affect rumen fermentation. Therefore, the binding capacity of mixed tannins to protein and cellulose in feed and their mechanisms, are of critical importance.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this experiment, HTs and CTs were added to the diet at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% dry matter (DM) in combinations of HTs alone, CTs alone, and ratios of (HT:CT) 3:7, 4:6, 1:1, 6:4, and 7:3, respectively. In situ degradation and in vitro fermentation experiments were then conducted. In both the in situ degradation tests and the in vitro rumen fermentation experiments, the effects of CTs and the 4:6 treatment group on the degradation rates of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were consistent. The crude protein (CP), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), and acetate levels significantly decreased with increasing proportions of CTs, whereas gas production exhibited the opposite trend. Molecular docking analysis further elucidated the differences in binding capacity between tannins and proteins/cellulose, revealing binding patterns. Gallic acid, the predominant component in HTs, exhibited significantly lower binding affinity to both ligand proteins and cellulose than catechin and epicatechin, the main components in CTs. Regarding the abundances of rumen microorganisms, the abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i> significantly decreased in all the tannin treatment groups, with the most pronounced decreases observed in the 6:4 and 3:7 treatment groups. The 6:4 treatment significantly increased the abundances of RFN20, Prevotella, and Fibrobacter. The 6:4 and 3:7 treatments significantly altered the bacterial genus composition. These findings reveal the strength and mechanisms through which tannins bind to nutrients and confirm the proportional and dose-dependent effects resulting from ruminal fermentation and the presence of tannins at the microbial level.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study combined HTs and CTs at various ratios and doses, which revealed that the effects of tannins on feed degradation rates and microbial activity in the rumen were not merely additive. Additionally, molecular docking analysis elucidated the binding modes and affinities of the tannins. These findings provide a reference for the rational application of tannins in future studies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01008-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lecanicillium attenuatum endophytically colonizes Phaseolus vulgaris, influencing plant growth and defense through modulation of gene expression and metabolic pathways","authors":"Da-Yan Ma,&nbsp;Yong-You Tang,&nbsp;Xing-Lin Xia,&nbsp;Wen-Kai Lin,&nbsp;Cheng-Long Li,&nbsp;Ye-Ming Zhou,&nbsp;Jun-Rui Zhi,&nbsp;Xiao Zou","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-01005-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-01005-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Entomopathogenic fungi, in addition to their obvious pathogenicity to insects, can also colonize the plant rhizosphere and internal tissues, antagonize diseases and pests, promote plant growth, and thereby play multiple ecological roles in nature. Exploring and utilizing the defense mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi that induce plant resistance through colonization will help enhance the application value of entomopathogenic fungi in agricultural ecosystems. Previous studies have shown that <i>L. attenuatum</i> can induce resistance in <i>P. vulgaris</i> plants against the pest <i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i>. However, the related mechanisms require further investigation.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study demonstrates that <i>L. attenuatum</i> successfully colonizes <i>P. vulgaris</i> via root irrigation and exerts a moderate growth-promoting effect, as manifested by concurrent increases in plant height, chlorophyll content, biomass accumulation, and root development. Compared with the control group, the plant height, chlorophyll content, and biomass of <i>P. vulgaris</i> plants inoculated with <i>L. attenuatum</i> significantly increased by 10.9%, 10.8%, and 20.8%. Additionally, integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that genes related to auxin, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis were upregulated in <i>P. vulgaris</i> plants inoculated with <i>L. attenuatum</i>, and flavonoid metabolites were also upregulated. Notably, defense-related gene expression exhibited a tissue-specific regulatory pattern, specifically manifested as significant upregulation of jasmonic acid pathway genes in root tissues, whereas salicylic acid pathway genes were significantly upregulated in distal leaf tissues.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><i>L. attenuatum</i> successfully colonizes <i>P. vulgaris</i> via root irrigation and establishes a symbiotic relationship, promoting plant growth and inducing tissue-specific defense priming, thereby providing novel strategic avenues for biological control of plant diseases and stress adaptation research.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-01005-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green-synthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticles for seed nanopriming enhance chickpea growth and suppress fusarium wilt","authors":"Sadaf Anwaar,&nbsp;Ayesha Arif,&nbsp;Muneeba Naseem,&nbsp;Aimen Rafaqat,&nbsp;Sheza Farooq,&nbsp;Tauseef Anwar,&nbsp;Huma Qureshi,&nbsp;Hossam S. El-Beltagi,&nbsp;Ibtisam M. Alsudays,&nbsp;Khalid H. Alamer,&nbsp;Shavkat Durxadjayev,&nbsp;Nazih Y. Rebouh,&nbsp;Árpád Székely,&nbsp;Rasha M. Alzayed,&nbsp;Sondos A. Alhajouj,&nbsp;Meaad F. Alaida","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00991-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00991-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) productivity is severely constrained by Fusarium wilt caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>ciceris</i>, and eco-friendly seed treatments are needed. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoO-NPs) were green-synthesized using <i>Ficus carica</i> leaf extract and characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, TEM, EDS, DLS, zeta potential, XRD, and XPS analyses. Seeds were nanoprimed for 24 h with CoO-NP suspensions (0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 mg/L) or a distilled water control, grown for 25 days, and challenged with <i>F. oxysporum</i>. In vitro antifungal activity was assessed by disc diffusion. Data (n = 3 biological replicates) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD (p &lt; 0.05).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>UV–Vis peaks at 199, 216, and 229 nm and FTIR Co–O bands at 500–700 cm⁻¹ confirmed CoO-NP formation. TEM, EDS, DLS, zeta potential, XRD, and XPS further confirmed nanoscale morphology, elemental composition, colloidal behaviour, crystallinity, and surface chemical states of the synthesized CoO-NPs. Compared with the control, nanopriming at 0.5 mg/L increased shoot length and root length, while 0.7 mg/L produced the highest growth response. Disease severity decreased from 63% in infected control to 32.5% at 0.5 mg/L and 27.5% at 0.7 mg/L. Disc diffusion showed the largest inhibition zones at 0.7 mg/L (18.5 ± 0.5 mm) and 0.5 mg/L (17.0 ± 0.5 mm).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Fig-mediated CoO-NP seed priming at 0.5–0.7 mg/L simultaneously enhanced chickpea growth and suppressed Fusarium wilt under controlled conditions. The absence of a bulk cobalt control remains an important limitation; therefore, future studies should include equivalent ionic/bulk cobalt treatments to distinguish nano-specific effects from cobalt ion effects. Field validation, dose–response refinement, nodulation assessment, and mechanistic assays, including ROS, antioxidant enzymes, and defense genes, are recommended. Biosafety work should assess nanoparticle persistence and effects on beneficial rhizosphere microbes over multiple seasons.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00991-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From agricultural waste to antioxidant resource: pectinase hydrolysis unlocks the bioactive potential of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch","authors":"Man Zhou,&nbsp;Yifeng Song,&nbsp;Na Liu,&nbsp;Qier Mu,&nbsp;Yun Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoping An,&nbsp;Jingwei Qi","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00994-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00994-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. (<i>G. uralensis</i>) leaves are an abundant agricultural residue containing polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, but their extraction is limited by the compact plant cell-wall matrix. This study applied pectinase-assisted solid-state processing to enhance the extraction and functional properties of bioactive compounds from <i>G. uralensis</i> leaves.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with the non-enzymatic control (GLP), the enzymatically treated product (EGLP) showcased higher soluble polysaccharide content, increasing from 266.06 ± 1.58 to 319.40 ± 4.19 mg/g, and higher total polyphenol content, increasing from 59.47 ± 0.63 to 63.99 ± 0.81 mg/g. FT-IR spectroscopy detected cleavage of glycosidic and pectic ester bonds, while monosaccharide profiling showed an increase in galacturonic acid from 3.49% to 5.87%, indicating preferential degradation of pectic domains. Untargeted metabolomics identified 892 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between EGLP and GLP, with glycosides representing a major altered class. Several glucoside metabolites, mainly flavonoid-related glycosides, showed increased relative abundance and were positively correlated with galacturonic acid content and antioxidant indices. In vitro assays revealed superior radical-scavenging and reducing capacities of EGLP, while in the AAPH-induced zebrafish oxidative stress model, EGLP at 50 µg/mL offered greater protection than GLP, as indicated by improved body length, reduced yolk-sac enlargement, and normalized developmental progression. SEM, XRD, TGA and hydration-property analyses further supported cell-wall loosening, reduced structural order, and improved solubility after enzymatic treatment. Molecular docking based on a representative endopolygalacturonase model revealed stable binding of 7 key glycosides to pectinase (binding energies ≤ − 7.9 kcal/mol, 6–12 hydrogen bonds).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Pectinase-mediated processing integrated cell-wall disassembly with flavonoid glycoside enrichment, significantly enhanced antioxidant properties, and provided green technological support for the high-value utilization of <i>G. uralensis</i> leaf waste.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00994-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}