Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Impact of organic fertilization by the digestate from by-product on growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) and soil properties under greenhouse and field conditions","authors":"Faqinwei Li,&nbsp;Yongheng Yuan,&nbsp;Naoto Shimizu,&nbsp;Jorge Magaña,&nbsp;Pengxuan Gong,&nbsp;Risu Na","doi":"10.1186/s40538-023-00448-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-023-00448-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The application of organic fertilizer is a sustainable approach to maintain soil fertility in agricultural crop production. In contrast to other organic fertilizers, the digestate from by-products of anaerobic digestion has not been well characterized in terms of its agronomic properties. In this study, different fertilization treatments were investigated to evaluate their impacts on growth, yield and fruit quality of tomatoes and on soil properties under greenhouse and field conditions. The experiments comprised a control (unfertilized) and three treatments with the same nitrogen dose: chemical fertilizer, digestate from by-product (organic fertilizer) and digestate combined with chemical fertilizer.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that the application of digestate significantly increased the growth and fruit quality of tomato including height, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content index, and photosynthetic rate of tomato plant and sugar–acid ratio, protein content, and ascorbic acid content of the fruit. The nitrate contents in tomato fruit were lower in the digestate treatment and digestate combined with chemical fertilizer treatment than in the chemical fertilizer. The digestate combined with chemical fertilization resulted in the greatest increase in tomato yield, up to 26.29% and 10.78% higher than that in the chemical fertilizer treatment under field and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Moreover, fertilization with digestate treatment and digestate combined with chemical fertilizer treatment increased soil fertility, including soil nitrogen and carbon contents, and enhanced soil enzyme activities under both field and greenhouse conditions. In addition, the growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato were significantly correlated with soil chemical characteristics and soil enzyme activities.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The effects of digestate treatments to maintain a stable tomato yield and improve fruit quality may be due to the enhanced soil enzymatic activities and chemical properties. These results suggest that the use of digestate as a full or partial replacement for chemical fertilizer could improve the growth and fruit quality of tomato, maintain the yield, and reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers in tomato production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-023-00448-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4111933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular conformation and dilute solution properties of barley β-glucan: unveiling β-glucan as a highly flexible biopolymer under different processing conditions","authors":"Abdollah Hematian Sourki,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad","doi":"10.1186/s40538-023-00449-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-023-00449-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The functional properties of food fluids containing hydrocolloids are influenced by temperature, soluble salts, pH and the presence of sugars. In this research, the properties of a dilute barley β-glucan (BBG) solution were evaluated in the presence of various factors. Different models were explored to determine the intrinsic viscosity of BBG.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results indicated that the models of Higiro and Tanglertpaibul–Rao were more efficient in determining the intrinsic viscosity of BBG at different temperatures, different pH, the presence of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and sucrose. Every 10 °C increase in temperature from 25 to 65 °C caused a decrease in intrinsic viscosity by 7.8, 10, 5.7 and 7.2%, respectively. In relation to the non-ionic structure of BBG, the presence of monovalent and bivalent salts had a negligible effect on reducing the intrinsic viscosity. The increase in pH from 3 to 7 caused a rise in intrinsic viscosity. But a further increase in pH, up to 9, caused a decrease in intrinsic viscosity. However, these changes were not significant and indicated that the non-ionic structure of BBG was independent of the pH. Since the constant b values of BBG were close to 1 at all temperatures, salt concentrations, different pH values and different sucrose concentrations, it can be assumed that the structure of BBG in the dilute range was close to the random coil conformation.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The values of flexibility index and activation energy for BBG were calculated as 789.52 and <span>({0.65times 10}^{7})</span> J/kmole, respectively, which indicated that this hydrocolloid was highly flexible in different environmental conditions and it was independent of the processing temperature. Therefore, BBG can be recommended as a natural thickener in food-related fluids.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-023-00449-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4070296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active packaging based on wheat germ protein isolate–Malva sylvestris leaf mucilage embedded with D-limonene nanoliposome: preparation and characterization","authors":"Zohreh Didar,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad","doi":"10.1186/s40538-023-00441-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-023-00441-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The aim of this study is to prepare wheat germ protein/<i>Malva sylvestris</i> leaf mucilage (WGPI/MSLM) biocomposite layers embedded with D-limonene nanoliposomes (NLP). The effects of WGPI/MSLM ratio (0.4–2.5), NLP (0–3%), and glycerol content (35–50%, w/w based on WGPI weight) on water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, antioxidant activity, mechanical properties, and solubility of the fabricated bio-nanocomposites were investigated through faced-centered central composite design.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results showed the effects of WGPI/MSLM ratio, glycerol content, and liposome content as well as the interaction between the ratio and NLP content on WVP was significant. The sample with 3% NLP and 35% glycerol and a ratio of 0.4 WGPI/MSLM had the lowest solubility. As the ratio of WGPI/MSLM increased, the value of tensile strength (TS) of the samples increased. The lowest elongation at break (26.21%) exhibited by film with 2.5 WGPI/MSLM, 35% glycerol, and no NLP. The highest antioxidant activity (58.6%) was observed in formulated films with 3% NLP, and a WGPI/MSLM ratio of 0.4. The optimal active film was obtained at a ratio of 0.4 WGPI/MSLM, 35% glycerol, and 3% NLP. The analysis confirmed the antibacterial activity of the optimal films against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, as well as the larger contact angle of the optimal film compared to the control film and the greater roughness of the optimal film compared to the control sample.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, this study successfully produced active films of wheat germ protein/Malva sylvestris leaf mucilage embedded with D-Limonene nanoliposomes. The optimal active film exhibited low solubility, high tensile strength, high antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-023-00441-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4008851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergistic effect of biochar and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacarylate)/chitosan) hydrogels on saline soil properties and carrot productivity","authors":"Sayed A. Abdeen,&nbsp;Hassan H. H. Hefni,&nbsp;Ahmed Awadallah-F,&nbsp;Nasser R. Abd El-Rahman","doi":"10.1186/s40538-023-00435-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-023-00435-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Soil salinity is one of the most important factors limiting crop production. Furthermore, with the increasing population and saline soil worldwide there is no choice but to utilize saline soil to increase the agricultural regions. Therefore, to improve carrot productivity under saline conditions, it is necessary to provide good management such as applying hydrogels and biochar for improving soil properties.</p><h3>Methodology</h3><p>Hydrogels (PEtOx-HEMA-CS) were synthesized from poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA as crosslinker) and chitosan (CS) via exposure those to gamma irradiation dose; 30 kGy of dose rate 0.9 kGy/h and obtained three types of hydrogels according to concentration of chitosan used. The PEtOx-HEMA-CS hydrogels were enhanced water holding capacity for agriculture purposes. The chemical structures of obtained hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The swelling (%) and gelation (%) were determined. Biochar (BC) as an active substance was physically mixed with those hydrogels at various ratios (0/100, 0.5/99.5, 1/99 and 100/0 (g/g) biochar/hydrogels). BC, PEtOx-HEMA-CS and the mixture of PEtOx-HEMA-CS-BC were mixed with saline soil at ratio 0.05% and 0.1% w/w of obtained materials/soil. A pot experiment was conducted to mitigate the salinity hazards on carrot productivity using biochar with and without hydrogels. Mean maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed from September to December in the studied region are 28.66 ℃, 15.76 ℃, 0.01 mm, 58.81%, 5.94 km/h, respectively.</p><h3>Findings</h3><p>The obtained data referred that there is a significant decrease in soil salinity and exchangeable sodium percentage and increase in organic matter, cation exchange capacity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water especially at (PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.1-BC1. The highest increment percentage of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were 36.36%, 70% and 72%, respectively. In addition, the relative increase of carrot productivity was 49.63% at the highest rates of biochar and hydrogels. However, the highest value of water use efficiency was observed at the mixture of biochar and hydrogels at (PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.1-BC1.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Finally, applying biochar combined with (PEtOx-HEMA-CS5) could be recommended as a good approach to improve carrot productivity and water use efficiency under saline soil conditions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-023-00435-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4008866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an in-house colorimetric method for detecting organophosphate and carbamate residue using cricket cholinesterase","authors":"Anurak Wongta,&nbsp;Surat Hongsibsong,&nbsp;Priyanshi Anand,&nbsp;Udomsurb Jaitum,&nbsp;Nootchakarn Sawarng,&nbsp;Wasin Wongwilai,&nbsp;Pongsathorn Dhumtanom","doi":"10.1186/s40538-023-00442-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-023-00442-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pesticides such as organophosphates and carbamates are used to control pests, leaving residues on fruits and vegetables. The assessment of residues in food materials is required for consumer and agricultural worker health protection. The purpose of this study was to develop an in-house colorimetric method for detecting organophosphate and carbamate residues using cricket cholinesterase that can be used as a low-cost, simple-to-use, and widely used test.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The method’s parameters, including substrate specificity, kinetics, and incubation time, were optimized. The results indicated that acetylthiocholine iodide was more active than butyrylthiocholine iodide. Using a buffer with a pH of 8.0 resulted in the greatest activity after 5 min. The same enzyme activity was observed at 25 °C and 30 °C, which was greater than at 35 °C and 40 °C. In this study, the Km and Vmax values for cricket cholinesterase were 3.75 mM and 35 µM/min, respectively. The specificity and purification factor of the produced ChE were 1.54 µM/min/mg and 1.43-fold, respectively. The limit of detection for detecting organophosphates and carbamates was in the range of 0.002–0.877 ppm. The validity of the method yielded the following results: relative sensitivity of 95%, relative specificity of 90%, relative accuracy of 93%, positive predictive value of 95%, and negative predictive value of 90%.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The developed method is simple and inexpensive, and it can analyze organophosphates and carbamates in a variety of vegetables at an appropriate detection level. Cholinesterase from cricket has the potential to be used for the development of a variety of methods for detecting residues, and the sensitivity could be enhanced using new techniques in the future.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-023-00442-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5045255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics reveals the effects producing region and fermentation stage on substance conversion in cigar tobacco leaf","authors":"Guanghai Zhang,&nbsp;Heng Yao,&nbsp;Gaokun Zhao,&nbsp;Yuping Wu,&nbsp;Huachan Xia,&nbsp;Yongping Li,&nbsp;Guanghui Kong","doi":"10.1186/s40538-023-00444-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-023-00444-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The quality of cigar tobacco leaves was closely related to fermentation. To investigate the substance changes in cigar tobacco leaves during their fermentation, metabolomics was determined at different fermentation stages. In this study, the metabolic profile among different regions and fermentation periods of cigar tobacco leaf were evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1103 metabolites were identified in cigar tobacco leaf samples. A total of 293, 105 and 199 metabolites showed differential accumulation in the cigar tobacco leaf among different regions (PEF0 vs. LCF0, PEF0 vs. DHF0, PEF0 vs. YXF0) and 216, 242, 220, 227 and 198 metabolites showed differential accumulation in the different fermentation (LCF0 vs. LCF1, LCF0 vs. LCF2, LCF0 vs. LCF3, LCF0 vs. LCF4, LCF0 vs. LCF5). The main upregulated compounds were flavonoids, phenolic acids and lignans and coumarins, and the main downregulated compounds were organic acids, phenolic acids and amino acids and derivatives in the fermentation comparison group.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results provide valuable information for accurately grasping the end time of fermentation and improve efficiency of cigar tobacco leaf fermentation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-023-00444-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5042766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidant phenolics from Corchorus olitorius leaves: a response surface optimization","authors":"Ashok Biswas,&nbsp;Susmita Dey,&nbsp;Aiping Xiao,&nbsp;Yong Deng,&nbsp;Ziggiju Mesenbet Birhanie,&nbsp;Rana Roy,&nbsp;Delara Akhter,&nbsp;Liangliang Liu,&nbsp;Defang Li","doi":"10.1186/s40538-023-00443-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-023-00443-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Besides fibre production, <i>Corchorus</i> <i>olitorius</i> is considered a nutritional and medicinal plant in traditional medicine. Its leaves possess different antioxidant compounds and display various biological properties. This study optimized the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters like temperature, time, solvent concentration, and liquid–solid ratio for total flavonoids (TFC) and total polyphenols content (TPC) from leaves employing response surface methodology (RSM).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Findings demonstrated that under the optimized conditions, the highest extraction yield of total flavonoids (7.17 mg QE/g DW) and total polyphenol content (13.92 mg GAE/g DW) were recorded with the ethanol concentration 70.92%, temperature 68.06 °C, liquid–solid ratio 48.80 mL/mg, and ultrasound irradiation time 37.20 min. The optimum value of TFC (6.96 mg QE/g DW) and TPC (13.38 mg GAE/g DW) from the experiment of verification of optimized conditions was close to the predicted value and significantly superior to the conventional heat reflux extraction (HRE). LC–MS and HPLC analysis of the optimized extract from UAE demonstrated the existence of six major phenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid, isoquercetin, hyperoside, adhyperforin, 1,3-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-di-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid. Furthermore, the antioxidant test of the UAE leaves extract revealed an excellent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS⁺•) and hydroxyl radical scavenging with IC₅₀ values of 226.29, 199.53 and 402.02 µg/mL, respectively, compared to HRE with 336.31 µg/mL, 253.86 µg/mL, 520.08 µg/mL.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The developed optimization method could contribute to the good recovery of natural antioxidants from <i>C. olitorius</i> in the pharmaceuticals and food industries.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-023-00443-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5005535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green approach for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Cymbopogon citratus aqueous leaf extract: characterization and evaluation of their biological activities","authors":"Ahmed S. Abdelbaky,&nbsp;Abir M. H. A. Mohamed,&nbsp;Marwa Sharaky,&nbsp;Nira A. Mohamed,&nbsp;Yasser M. Diab","doi":"10.1186/s40538-023-00432-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-023-00432-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), notably from plants, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Although the increased popularity use of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> as a therapeutic substance, to date, there has not been any research on the chemistry of <i>C. citratus</i> aqueous leaf extract (ALE) or synthesis of ZnO NPs utilizing an extract from it. The ecologically safe ALE of <i>C. citratus</i> was employed in this study as a bio-reducing and capping agent to synthesize ZnO NPs.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The novelty of the current study is the investigation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and cytotoxic potencies of biosynthesized ZnO NPs utilizing <i>C. citratus</i> ALE. Zinc acetate dihydrate was used as the precursor and the leaf extract serves as the reducing agent. ZnO NPs from ALE of <i>C. citratus</i> were characterized by the spherical in form by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and the Scherrer formula was used to calculate the size of the crystalline structure. The presence of numerous functional groups in both the ALE and the NPs is confirmed by FTIR analysis. The highest absorption peak is observed at 370 nm. The stability and particle size of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs are demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibited excellent antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 45.67 ± 0.1 μg/mL and exerted interesting anti-inflammatory activity (98.1% ± 0.04) when compared to the standard indomethacin (92.1% ± 0.07) at 1 mg/mL. They also showed anti-microbial activity for both bacterial and fungal which growth rates for both significantly decreased with the increase in ZnO NPs concentration compared to the control. The anticancer activity of biosynthesized ZnO NPs and <i>C. citratus</i> ALE was in vitro tested against seven human cancer cell lines (HCCL) (i.e. H1299, MDA-MB-468, HNO97, HEK, HCT116, HuH7, and HEPG2) compared to normal cells (HSF) using the sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. More interestingly, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs displayed remarkable selective cytotoxicity against all tested cancer cell lines without any effect on normal cells. In contrast, the cancer cell lines were not affected by the ALE of <i>C. citratus</i> at any concentrations tested.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>All the findings confirm that the ZnO NPs biosynthesized in the current work are promising candidates for a variety of biological activities, and as a result, they can be helpful to the medical sector, environmental and agricultural applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-023-00432-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5090446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of epiphytic microbiota in oat and Italian ryegrass to silage fermentation products and bacterial community structure of whole-crop maize","authors":"Siran Wang,&nbsp;Shiwei Hu,&nbsp;Zhihao Dong,&nbsp;Junfeng Li,&nbsp;Jie Zhao,&nbsp;Mudasir Nazar,&nbsp;Niaz Ali Kaka,&nbsp;Tao Shao","doi":"10.1186/s40538-023-00439-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-023-00439-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The purpose of this research is to study the contribution of epiphytic microbiota in fresh oat (OT), Italian ryegrass (IR) and whole-crop maize (MZ) to silage fermentation products and bacterial community structure of MZ. After γ-ray irradiation, the sterile MZ was treated via microbiota transplantation method: (1) sterile deionized water (STMZ); (2) microbiota epiphytic on MZ (MZMZ); (3) microbiota epiphytic on OT (MZOT); (4) microbiota epiphytic on IR (MZIR). Triplicate silos of each treatment were tested after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of ensiling.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>MZMZ had higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) lactic acid contents, and lower (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) ammonia nitrogen and ethanol contents than MZIR and MZOT on day 60. The relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> in MZMZ decreased from 84.0% on day 3 to 44.7% on day 60. MZMZ had higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) abundances of ‘Nucleotide metabolism’, ‘Replication and repair’ and ‘Membrane transport’, and lower (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) abundance of ‘Amino acid metabolism’ than MZOT and MZIR on day 3.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The silage fermentation products of MZ were highly affected by the activity and compositions of epiphytic microbiota. The Enterobacteriaceae, <i>Hafnia-Obesumbacterium</i>, hetero-fermentative and acid-resistant <i>Lactobacillus</i> took primary responsibility for the high dry matter loss and ethanol contents and low lactic acid contents in MZ silage.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-023-00439-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4752155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Companion crops alter olfactory responses of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and its larval endoparasitoid (Cotesia icipe)","authors":"Emmanuel Peter,&nbsp;Amanuel Tamiru,&nbsp;Subramanian Sevgan,&nbsp;Thomas Dubois,&nbsp;Segenet Kelemu,&nbsp;Kerstin Kruger,&nbsp;Baldwyn Torto,&nbsp;Abdullahi Yusuf","doi":"10.1186/s40538-023-00415-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-023-00415-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, is a devastating invasive pest and a threat to food security in Africa, with yield losses of 20–50%. Recent studies highlighted the importance of cereal crops such as maize and sorghum as the most preferred host plants for FAW oviposition. In the current work, we investigated the olfactory responses of FAW and its key larval endoparasitoid <i>Cotesia icipe</i> to odours from the preferred host (maize) in the presence of six potential companion crops including beans, groundnut, sweet potato, greenleaf- and silverleaf desmodium, and cassava. We hypothesized that odours released by companion crops in maize-based intercropping systems would alter host preferences of FAW for oviposition and its parasitoid responses.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In dual choice oviposition bioassays, FAW laid significantly more eggs on maize than on the other plants. However, in the multiple-choice bioassays, significantly fewer eggs were laid on maize when companion plants were present except cassava. While wind tunnel bioassays confirmed the differential behavioural responses of FAW, we found that its larval endoparasitoid <i>C. icipe</i> was attracted to volatiles from the companion plants tested individually and/or when they were combined with maize. Coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis detected several potential behaviour-modifying compounds including (<i>Z</i>)-3-hexenyl acetate, (<i>E</i>)-β-ocimene, (<i>E</i>)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (<i>E</i>)-β-caryophyllene, camphor, methyl salicylate and (<i>E, E</i>)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings provide evidence supporting diversified maize cropping system could reduce FAW damage by repelling the pest while simultaneously recruiting its natural enemies. Hence, diversifying cereal cropping system with companion crops could serve as an ecologically sustainable FAW management strategy.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-023-00415-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4723034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}