Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Phenolics enrichment enhances in vitro antihyperglycaemic activity of sugar-removed water-soluble palm fruit extract","authors":"Mohamad Dayoob,&nbsp;Kah-Hay Yuen,&nbsp;Soon-Sen Leow,&nbsp;Nurzalina Abdul Karim Khan","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00916-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00916-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Water-Soluble Palm Fruit Extract (WSPFE) is recovered from oil palm vegetation liquor. WSPFE consists of water-soluble phenolic acids, including protocatechuic acid (PCA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) and three isomers of caffeoylshikimic acid. WSPFE demonstrated several therapeutic activities in vitro and in vivo; however, its high sugar content relative to the phenolic acids suggests that a large volume would be required to achieve these effects. In this study, various methods were employed to remove sugars and concentrate the phenolic acids in WSPFE, including ethanolic precipitation, alkaline hydrolysis and solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Amberlite XAD-2 and Oasis HLB resins.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The most efficient enrichment method was SPE using Oasis HLB, which yielded a total phenolics content of 186.1 ± 0.3 mg g⁻¹ GAE, followed by Amberlite XAD-2 resin at 119.5 ± 1.3 mg g⁻¹ GAE. The highest antioxidant activity, along with the most significant inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase and the highest glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells, was observed in sugar-removed WSPFE obtained via SPE.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>WSPFE demonstrated more pronounced in vitro antihyperglycaemic effects following sugar removal. Compared to ethanol precipitation and alkaline hydrolysis, SPE using Oasis HLB and Amberlite resins was superior at enriching phenolic acids while effectively removing sugar.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00916-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics insights into the effects of Allium Mongolicum Regel flavonoids on growth, antioxidant capacity, and immune regulation in Saanen dairy male goats","authors":"Lei Xu,&nbsp;Aihuan Yu,&nbsp;Yaodi Xie,&nbsp;Ruixin Yang,&nbsp;Wenliang Tao,&nbsp;Chenxu Sun,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Beibei Guo,&nbsp;Zijia Liu,&nbsp;Shuangcheng Fu,&nbsp;Qilong Yao,&nbsp;Yuteng Liang,&nbsp;Jiang Hu,&nbsp;Wangjing Liu,&nbsp;Zhaomin Lei","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00918-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00918-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In intensive farming systems, oxidative stress and immune suppression often limit the production performance of ruminants. &lt;i&gt;Allium mongolicum Regel&lt;/i&gt; flavonoids (AMRF), a characteristic plant-derived bioactive compound found in Northwest China, have shown potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal microecological regulatory effects. However, their mechanism of action in Saanen dairy goat (SDG) remains unclear. This study investigated the regulatory effects of AMRF on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of SDGs using multi-omics approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eighteen healthy castrated SDGs (3 ± 0.1 months old) with similar body weights (16.38 ± 1.36 kg) were selected and randomly assigned to two groups (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9 each), with all animals housed in individual pens. The control group received a basal diet, while the treatment group received 2.8 g AMRF per goat per day. The experimental period lasted 139 d, including a 15-d adaptation and a 124-d formal trial. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation of AMRF significantly increased final body weight and average daily gain in SDGs. Among rumen fermentation parameters, the pH (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.044), microbial protein (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.029), and valeric acid concentration (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.042) were significantly increased, while the ammonia nitrogen (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.041) was significantly decreased. For serum indicators, the contents of total protein (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.037) and immunoglobulin A (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.028) were significantly increased; the total antioxidant capacity (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) was highly significantly increased; and the contents of total cholesterol (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.011), glucose (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.049), and malondialdehyde (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.030) were significantly decreased. Multi-omics analysis revealed that AMRF increased the relative abundances of beneficial microorganisms (16 S rRNA sequencing), including the rumen genus &lt;i&gt;Alloprevotella&lt;/i&gt;, cecal phylum &lt;i&gt;Bacteroidota&lt;/i&gt;, and colonic genus &lt;i&gt;Alistipes&lt;/i&gt;, while reducing harmful microorganisms such as &lt;i&gt;Escherichia&lt;/i&gt;–&lt;i&gt;Shigella&lt;/i&gt;. Additionally, AMRF upregulated the plasma key differential metabolites 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;-D-glucose, downregulated thromboxane B₂, activated the arginine biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways (plasma metabolic profile analysis), and regulated the expression of key differential genes in the liver, such as &lt;i&gt;PTGS1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CSF1R&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;ND6&lt;/i&gt; (liver gene expression analysis).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;AMRF modulates the gastrointestinal microbiota of Saanen dairy goats (SDGs). This modulation enables AMRF to optimize rumen nitrogen metabolism. In turn, this optimization improves plasma metabolic profiles. Through key plasma metabolites and metabolic pathways, these improved profiles further influence the expression of liver genes. These processes act synergistically to enhance antioxidant ca","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00918-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inoculation method determines the efficacy of root symbiotic fungal endophytes in promoting growth and sugar metabolism in Camellia Oleifera","authors":"Wan-Lin Fu,&nbsp;Xiao-Qing Liu,&nbsp;Wei-Jia Wu,&nbsp;Fang-Ling Wang,&nbsp;Jun-Yong Cheng,&nbsp;Mei-Hua Yang,&nbsp;Ying-Ning Zou,&nbsp;Abeer Hashem,&nbsp;Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah,&nbsp;Qiang-Sheng Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00917-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-026-00917-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As an important woody oilseed crop, <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Abel. requires continuous improvement in productivity and stress resilience. Endophytic fungi, as vital components of plant microbiome, form symbiotic relationships that regulate host plant growth and metabolic processes. However, their beneficial efficacy is highly dependent on the inoculation methods employed. In this study, two beneficial endophytic fungi, <i>Serendipita indica</i> (<i>Si</i>) and <i>Rhizophagus intraradices</i> (<i>Ri</i>), were inoculated in <i>C. oleifera</i> ‘Changlin 40’ plants via distinct techniques. <i>Si</i> was applied via root immersion, layering, syringe injection, and soil mixing, while <i>Ri</i> was introduced through hole application and layering. Subsequent assessments included plant growth performance, photosynthetic characteristics, sugar levels, and the expression of <i>CoSWEETs</i>.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Both <i>Si</i> and <i>Ri</i> colonized the roots of <i>C</i>. <i>oleifera</i>, with colonization rates varying from 39.68 % to 64.68%. The highest colonization rate was achieved with the <i>Si</i> layering method. Fungal inoculation generally promoted plant growth, although the efficacy was influenced by the inoculation method. <i>Si</i>-based treatments were more effective than <i>Ri</i> inoculations, with the <i>Si</i> layering method being the greatest improvement under the tested conditions. Both endophytes significantly boosted leaf gas exchange parameters, with the <i>Si</i> layering again yielding the strongest effect. Sugar partitioning was altered in an inoculation method-dependent manner: sucrose increased in leaves and hexoses decreased, while roots showed the opposite trend with pronounced glucose accumulation, especially under <i>Si</i> layering. The two fungi differentially regulated the expression of <i>CoSWEET</i> genes, with <i>CoSWEET10</i> and <i>CoSWEET1b</i> showing strong transcriptional responsiveness in roots and <i>CoSWEET1a</i>/<i>2a</i>/2<i>b</i>/<i>7</i>/<i>17a</i>/<i>17b</i> presenting tissue- and method-specific expression patterns. Correlation analysis showed that colonization rate was positively correlated with plant growth, photosynthesis, and root hexose levels, but negatively with leaf hexoses. <i>CoSWEET</i> expression exhibited tissue-specific correlations with sugar content.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The inoculation method directly determines the efficacy of symbiotic endophytes in <i>C</i>. <i>oleifera</i>, with the layering technique for <i>Si</i> emerging as the most effective strategy under the tested conditions for nursery growth. These results highlight the importance of optimizing inoculation protocols to maximize plant–fungal synergy and support the application of tailored symbiotic systems in commercial seedling cultivation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00917-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Transcriptomic insights into seleniummediated mitigation of low-temperature","authors":"Runze Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Qie,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan Malik,&nbsp;Xinyao Li,&nbsp;Shengping Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaotian Zhang,&nbsp;Qunying Zhang,&nbsp;Jianbo Zhang,&nbsp;Cai Sun,&nbsp;Yajun Zhang,&nbsp;Yaling Lu,&nbsp;Qiang Ma,&nbsp;Yingkui Yang,&nbsp;Binqiang Bai,&nbsp;Lizhuang Hao","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00903-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00903-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00903-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1-Nonanol: a potential defense-related volatile compound in tea cultivar ‘Qianmei 601’ triggered by Epicoccum sorghinum","authors":"Yao Chen,&nbsp;Dongyang Li,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Yongjia Cheng,&nbsp;Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Chaojie Li,&nbsp;Zhiwei Lei,&nbsp;Wen Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00912-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00912-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Plants synthesize and emit a wide variety of volatile compounds that serve different defense-related functions in response to both abiotic and biotic stresses.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, 1-nonanol was identified as the most active volatile against <i>Epicoccum sorghinum</i> among those co-up-regulated in the tea cultivar of ‘Qianmei 601’ infected by three strains of <i>E. sorghinum.</i> Its antifungal results in vitro indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were 0.1 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, calcofluor whiteand and propidium iodide staining solutions demonstrate that 1-nonanol inhibited the normal growth of <i>E. sorghinum</i> mycelia by affecting the cell membrane and cell wall structure of <i>E. sorghinum</i> mycelia. Additionally, exposure to 1-nonanol resulted in increased levels of intracellular malondialdehyde, soluble proteins, and chitinase, while superoxide dismutase content decreased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that regulatory genes associated with 1-nonanol were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis pathways. Treatment with 1-nonanol significantly up-regulated genes linked to exo-1,3-<i>β</i>-glucanase and hexokinase, while genes related to chitin synthase, aminophospholipid translocase, 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase, and mitochondrial 2-enoylthioester reductase were down-regulated.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results indicate that 1-nonanol disrupts the integrity of cell walls and cell membranes, inhibiting the growth of normal hyphae and potentially causing cell death. This study is the first to confirm that 1-nonanol is a crucial component of the defense-related volatile compounds produced by ‘Qianmei 601’ in response to stress from <i>E. sorghinum</i>. We discussed these results and emphasized the importance of this interaction in plant–microbe interactions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00912-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of monoclonal antibody-based tissue-blot immunoassay for rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of sugarcane yellow leaf virus","authors":"Ting Wang,&nbsp;Anzhen Li,&nbsp;Shuai Gao,&nbsp;Jie Guo,&nbsp;Dantong Yang,&nbsp;Liping Xu,&nbsp;Jinlong Guo","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00911-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00911-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) is an important pathogen that induces severe leaf yellowing and substantial yield loss in sugarcane cultivation. The absence of resistant cultivars underscores the urgent need for large-scale detection techniques to control SCYLV spread.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We employed single B-cell technology to generate a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the SCYLV coat protein (CP). Using this mAb, we established a tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) for viral detection based on imprinting sugarcane leaf midrib tissues onto nitrocellulose membranes. The complete light and heavy chain sequences of the antibody have been determined.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The developed TBIA demonstrated superior efficiency compared to conventional RT-PCR, and is capable of processing 300 samples within 24 h at a low cost of 0.28 USD per test. Validation with 40 field samples showed 100% concordance with RT-PCR results and only one discrepancy compared to RT-MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12a assays.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this study, we report the first application of single B-cell technology for SCYLV diagnostics, provides a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective TBIA method for SCYLV detection, which facilitates early warning and enables integrated prevention and control of sugarcane yellow leaf disease.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00911-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolome–transcriptome integration reveals waterlogging tolerance pathways in Chrysanthemum morifolium","authors":"Nan Zhao,&nbsp;Fan Yang,&nbsp;Shaojun Niu,&nbsp;Qianru Zhao,&nbsp;Luanmei Lu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00898-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00898-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Waterlogging is one of the most detrimental abiotic stressors affecting the growth and development of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i>. However, the vital metabolites and metabolic pathways that contribute to waterlogging tolerance in chrysanthemum remain to be investigated. In this study, we conducted a multiomics investigation of the metabolome and transcriptome of chrysanthemum after waterlogging treatment with the aim of exploring vital metabolites and their pathways related to waterlogging tolerance in chrysanthemum.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Exposure to waterlogging stress for six days resulted in increased activities of key antioxidant enzymes and significant accumulation of both proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) in chrysanthemum. Twelve hours of waterlogging stress treatment resulted in rapid metabolome and transcriptome remodeling in chrysanthemum. A comparison of the control (CK-1 to CK-3) and waterlogging (W-1 to W-3) groups revealed a total of 86 differentially abundant metabolites (DMs), 28,010 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 122,961 lncRNAs (DELs). A total of 1115 differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs) under waterlogging stress were distributed mainly in the ERF, bHLH, MYB and NAC families. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that waterlogging stress substantially reprogrammed key metabolic pathways in chrysanthemum, with DEGs and DMs significantly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, the TCA cycle, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, suggesting that these pathways may be pivotal for the response of chrysanthemum to waterlogging stress. On the basis of these results, we constructed a putative DEL/DETF–DEG–DM regulatory network model, comprehensively revealing novel relationships governing transcriptional and metabolic regulation under waterlogging stress in chrysanthemum.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This research provides significant insights into crucial metabolic pathways that regulate the waterlogging tolerance of chrysanthemum under waterlogging stress and presents effective guidance for the breeding of waterlogging-tolerant germplasms in chrysanthemum.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00898-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147558866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Houttuynia cordata-DES carbon quantum dots for Cr6+ detection and biological applications","authors":"Lifen Meng,&nbsp;Pengpeng Ding,&nbsp;Meiya Ou,&nbsp;Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00909-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00909-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>CQDs are an ideal platform material that integrates excellent optical properties, superior biosafety, flexible, and adjustable chemical properties. They serve as a bridge connecting nanotechnology with fields such as life sciences, environmental energy, and more.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, <i>Hc</i>-DES-CQDs based on natural deep eutectic solvents and <i>Houttuynia cordata</i> were successfully prepared.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The prepared <i>Hc</i>-DES-CQDs exhibits strong blue fluorescence and excellent photostability. The detection of trace Cr⁶⁺ under acidic and alkaline conditions can be realized by <i>Hc</i>-DES-CQDs, and also successfully applied to practical environmental water samples. Spectral analysis reveals that <i>Hc</i>-DES-CQDs exhibits emission behavior related to excitation, with a quantum yield of approximately 17.3%. The <i>Hc</i>-DES-CQDs demonstrated excellent antibacterial and free radical scavenging effects (such as DPPH, ·OH).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Therefore, the <i>Hc</i>-DES-CQDs has potential applications in the analysis and combating of cellular oxidative stress.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00909-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial community structure and carbon–nitrogen coupling mechanisms in mixed silage of oats and forage peas in corral of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Yajiao Zhao,&nbsp;Yuyan Ma,&nbsp;Tao Shao,&nbsp;Chengmei Xu,&nbsp;Gang Lin,&nbsp;Tao Wu,&nbsp;Shitao Wang,&nbsp;Sifan Chen,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Xiaojian Pu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00908-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00908-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Seasonal forage shortages pose a significant challenge to livestock production on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To address this issue, this study developed an integrated land utilization strategy combining “cultivation + on-site ensiling” using mixed oats and forage peas. The research evaluated how different mixed-cropping ratios and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation affect silage production in this high-altitude region.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In silage grown in corral plots, the 1:1 oat-pea ratio showed clear advantages over monocropped oats, increasing crude protein by 29.43% while reducing acid detergent fiber (ADF) by 14.37% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by 11.21%. LAB inoculation improved the fermentation quality of corral-grown silage. In inoculated oat silage, the relative abundance of <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> increased significantly to 66.54%, which suppressed spoilage bacteria (e.g., <i>Hafnia-Obesumbacterium</i>) and reduced the ammonia nitrogen-to-total nitrogen ratio by 15–20%. When the mixed sowing ratio of oats to peas is 1:1, it minimizes dry matter loss among corral-grown silages. LAB inoculation increased propionic and acetic acid production by 25%. Metabolic prediction indicated that LAB inoculation increased nitrogen compound degradation by 17% and stimulated secondary metabolite synthesis. Bacterial communities correlated with soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid levels, whereas fungal communities regulated fiber breakdown. Redundancy analysis showed that fiber content explained over 50% of fungal community variation in corral silage.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The 1:1 oat-pea ratio with LAB inoculation optimizes silage production specifically for corral systems, achieving carbon–nitrogen balance and microbial synergy. This corral-based approach provides a sustainable solution for alpine livestock resilience, transforming underutilized confinement areas into high-quality forage resources.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00908-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced bioconversion of potato byproducts into natural blue pigments by Streptomyces lydicus PM7: bioprocess optimization and biochemical insights","authors":"Álvaro Astudillo,&nbsp;Emilio Hormazábal,&nbsp;María Cristina Diez,&nbsp;Olga Rubilar,&nbsp;Severino Matias Alencar,&nbsp;Erick Scheuermann,&nbsp;Gabriela Briceño,&nbsp;Heidi Schalchli","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00907-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00907-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Artificial colorants raise health and environmental concerns, creating demand for sustainable natural alternatives. Blue pigments are particularly scarce due to their structural complexity and instability, with actinorhodin standing out among <i>Streptomyces</i> metabolites. A major challenge for actinorhodin production is to improve yields and reduce costs to enhance process feasibility. Discarded potato, an abundant and underutilized agricultural byproduct, is a nutrient-rich, low-cost substrate for microbial processes. Recently, a <i>Streptomyces lydicus</i> strain was reported to convert this byproduct into actinorhodin, but with relatively low production compared to traditional media and other <i>Streptomyces</i> species. This study aimed to optimize the conversion of discarded potato into actinorhodin-related blue pigments by <i>S. lydicus</i> PM7 and to evaluate biochemical responses that influence pigment production.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A Plackett–Burman design identified temperature, agitation, pH, and KH₂PO₄ supplementation as significant factors among 11 tested variables. Optimization using a central composite face-centered design (CCD) within the framework of response surface methodology (RSM) increased pigment production up to 8000 mg L^− 1. Model validation using point prediction identified optimal conditions of 30 °C, 180 rpm, an initial pH of 9, and 0.15 g L^− 1 KH₂PO₄. Growth kinetics under optimized conditions revealed two exponential phases and shifts in α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, indicating a possible sequential use of carbohydrates. Catalase activity coincided with the onset of exponential growth and pigment production.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The optimized process yielded an 8.5-fold increase in pigment production, supporting the use of potato byproducts as an effective and low-cost fermentation substrate. The biochemical responses of <i>S. lydicus</i> PM7 provide initial insight into metabolic features associated with pigment formation. Overall, the findings establish a laboratory-scale proof of concept and a basis for future bioreactor-scale and application-oriented studies on microbial blue pigments by <i>Streptomyces</i> spp.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00907-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145983241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}