Alejandra Arcas, Silvia Valverde, Juan José Lucena, Sandra López-Rayo
{"title":"紫外光下铁螯合物肥料的光催化降解：水培系统的快速评价","authors":"Alejandra Arcas, Silvia Valverde, Juan José Lucena, Sandra López-Rayo","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00817-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Iron (Fe) deficiency in agricultural soils significantly affects crop productivity and quality. The application of synthetic Fe chelates is a common agricultural practice to address this issue, as they can maintain Fe solubility across a wide pH range. However, Fe chelates are susceptible to photodegradation, reducing their effectiveness, especially in hydroponic crops using UV radiation disinfection systems. This study aims to investigate the photodegradation behavior of six Fe chelates: classified as non-phenolic (EDTA, [<i>S,S</i>’]-EDDS, and IDHA) and phenolic (<i>o,o</i>EDDHA, HBED, and EDDHSA) agents, using a designed robust compact photocatalytic system with TiO<sub>2</sub> under UV irradiation. The objective is to establish a straightforward and reliable methodology for predicting the photochemical behavior of Fe chelates in hydroponic cultivation systems.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to establish the best experimental conditions. Kinetic parameters (order, rate constants and half-life) were determined in selected conditions, showing that both groups of chelates degrade differently under the conditions studied. In general, non-phenolic chelates showed faster degradation, while phenolic chelates, mainly <i>o,o</i>EDDHA/Fe<sup>3+</sup> and EDDHSA/Fe<sup>3+</sup>, exhibited greater stability. The presence of macronutrients as well as copper slightly modified the photodegradation in a model nutrient solution, except for the chelate [<i>S,S’</i>]-EDDS/Fe<sup>3+</sup>, that is completely degraded. Despite TiO<sub>2</sub> enhancing photodegradation, degradation rates are low enough in short times exposure to permit the reutilization of Fe chelates in recycled hydroponic systems.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study demonstrates that the photodegradation rates of Fe chelates vary significantly between non-phenolic and phenolic agents, with the latter showing greater resistance to degradation under UV light in the TiO<sub>2</sub>-based photocatalytic system. The developed compact photocatalytic system has proven to be an effective tool for predicting the photochemical stability of Fe chelates, offering valuable insights for optimizing their use in soilless growing systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00817-8","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Photocatalytic degradation of iron chelates fertilizers under UV light: a rapid evaluation for hydroponic growing systems\",\"authors\":\"Alejandra Arcas, Silvia Valverde, Juan José Lucena, Sandra López-Rayo\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40538-025-00817-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Iron (Fe) deficiency in agricultural soils significantly affects crop productivity and quality. The application of synthetic Fe chelates is a common agricultural practice to address this issue, as they can maintain Fe solubility across a wide pH range. However, Fe chelates are susceptible to photodegradation, reducing their effectiveness, especially in hydroponic crops using UV radiation disinfection systems. This study aims to investigate the photodegradation behavior of six Fe chelates: classified as non-phenolic (EDTA, [<i>S,S</i>’]-EDDS, and IDHA) and phenolic (<i>o,o</i>EDDHA, HBED, and EDDHSA) agents, using a designed robust compact photocatalytic system with TiO<sub>2</sub> under UV irradiation. The objective is to establish a straightforward and reliable methodology for predicting the photochemical behavior of Fe chelates in hydroponic cultivation systems.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to establish the best experimental conditions. Kinetic parameters (order, rate constants and half-life) were determined in selected conditions, showing that both groups of chelates degrade differently under the conditions studied. In general, non-phenolic chelates showed faster degradation, while phenolic chelates, mainly <i>o,o</i>EDDHA/Fe<sup>3+</sup> and EDDHSA/Fe<sup>3+</sup>, exhibited greater stability. The presence of macronutrients as well as copper slightly modified the photodegradation in a model nutrient solution, except for the chelate [<i>S,S’</i>]-EDDS/Fe<sup>3+</sup>, that is completely degraded. 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Photocatalytic degradation of iron chelates fertilizers under UV light: a rapid evaluation for hydroponic growing systems
Background
Iron (Fe) deficiency in agricultural soils significantly affects crop productivity and quality. The application of synthetic Fe chelates is a common agricultural practice to address this issue, as they can maintain Fe solubility across a wide pH range. However, Fe chelates are susceptible to photodegradation, reducing their effectiveness, especially in hydroponic crops using UV radiation disinfection systems. This study aims to investigate the photodegradation behavior of six Fe chelates: classified as non-phenolic (EDTA, [S,S’]-EDDS, and IDHA) and phenolic (o,oEDDHA, HBED, and EDDHSA) agents, using a designed robust compact photocatalytic system with TiO2 under UV irradiation. The objective is to establish a straightforward and reliable methodology for predicting the photochemical behavior of Fe chelates in hydroponic cultivation systems.
Results
A Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to establish the best experimental conditions. Kinetic parameters (order, rate constants and half-life) were determined in selected conditions, showing that both groups of chelates degrade differently under the conditions studied. In general, non-phenolic chelates showed faster degradation, while phenolic chelates, mainly o,oEDDHA/Fe3+ and EDDHSA/Fe3+, exhibited greater stability. The presence of macronutrients as well as copper slightly modified the photodegradation in a model nutrient solution, except for the chelate [S,S’]-EDDS/Fe3+, that is completely degraded. Despite TiO2 enhancing photodegradation, degradation rates are low enough in short times exposure to permit the reutilization of Fe chelates in recycled hydroponic systems.
Conclusions
The study demonstrates that the photodegradation rates of Fe chelates vary significantly between non-phenolic and phenolic agents, with the latter showing greater resistance to degradation under UV light in the TiO2-based photocatalytic system. The developed compact photocatalytic system has proven to be an effective tool for predicting the photochemical stability of Fe chelates, offering valuable insights for optimizing their use in soilless growing systems.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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