Mirella Pupo Santos, Milan Zupunski, Hiarhi Monda, Jason Gralian, Aletia James, Guido Grossmann, Richard T. Lamar, Daniel Basílio Zandonadi
{"title":"腐植酸通过H+- atp酶依赖的雷帕霉素激活靶标，与Ca2+和ROS信号一致，改变拟南芥的根结构","authors":"Mirella Pupo Santos, Milan Zupunski, Hiarhi Monda, Jason Gralian, Aletia James, Guido Grossmann, Richard T. Lamar, Daniel Basílio Zandonadi","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00764-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Humic acids (HA) function as plant biostimulants, enhancing plant metabolism by activating the primary proton transport system, which promotes root growth. This study investigated the effects of HA on root growth, H<sup>+</sup> extrusion, Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, examining how HA might integrate nutrient sensing with growth regulation through plant hormone transport.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>HA rapidly increased cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> and ROS, and altered root architecture in <i>Arabidopsis</i> lines Columbia-0 (Col-0) and G548 TOROE (overexpressing TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN). In Col-0, HA exposure increased total, primary, and lateral root lengths, while in TOROE plants, only primary root length changed. HA also doubled the expression of transcripts in Col-0 roots, including those for PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase (<i>AHA2</i>), TOR kinase, ROS-related <i>RBOHC</i>, and auxin transporters <i>LAX3</i> and <i>PIN3</i>. Only <i>AHA2</i> and <i>RBOHC</i> were upregulated in TOROE plants. Findings indicate that HA promotes rhizosphere acidification and plasma membrane potential regulation via <i>AHA2</i> and <i>RBOHC</i>, linked to auxin transporters and calcium signaling.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The data suggest HA, rich in compounds like quinones and flavonoids, stimulates root development by triggering Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves, NADPH oxidase and H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activities. These findings advance our understanding of TOR and H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase roles in root architecture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00764-4","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Humic acids modify root architecture in Arabidopsis through H+-ATPase-dependent target of rapamycin activation in concert with Ca2+ and ROS signaling\",\"authors\":\"Mirella Pupo Santos, Milan Zupunski, Hiarhi Monda, Jason Gralian, Aletia James, Guido Grossmann, Richard T. Lamar, Daniel Basílio Zandonadi\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40538-025-00764-4\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Humic acids (HA) function as plant biostimulants, enhancing plant metabolism by activating the primary proton transport system, which promotes root growth. This study investigated the effects of HA on root growth, H<sup>+</sup> extrusion, Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, examining how HA might integrate nutrient sensing with growth regulation through plant hormone transport.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>HA rapidly increased cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> and ROS, and altered root architecture in <i>Arabidopsis</i> lines Columbia-0 (Col-0) and G548 TOROE (overexpressing TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN). In Col-0, HA exposure increased total, primary, and lateral root lengths, while in TOROE plants, only primary root length changed. HA also doubled the expression of transcripts in Col-0 roots, including those for PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase (<i>AHA2</i>), TOR kinase, ROS-related <i>RBOHC</i>, and auxin transporters <i>LAX3</i> and <i>PIN3</i>. Only <i>AHA2</i> and <i>RBOHC</i> were upregulated in TOROE plants. Findings indicate that HA promotes rhizosphere acidification and plasma membrane potential regulation via <i>AHA2</i> and <i>RBOHC</i>, linked to auxin transporters and calcium signaling.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The data suggest HA, rich in compounds like quinones and flavonoids, stimulates root development by triggering Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves, NADPH oxidase and H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activities. 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Humic acids modify root architecture in Arabidopsis through H+-ATPase-dependent target of rapamycin activation in concert with Ca2+ and ROS signaling
Background
Humic acids (HA) function as plant biostimulants, enhancing plant metabolism by activating the primary proton transport system, which promotes root growth. This study investigated the effects of HA on root growth, H+ extrusion, Ca2+ signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, examining how HA might integrate nutrient sensing with growth regulation through plant hormone transport.
Results
HA rapidly increased cytosolic Ca2+ and ROS, and altered root architecture in Arabidopsis lines Columbia-0 (Col-0) and G548 TOROE (overexpressing TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN). In Col-0, HA exposure increased total, primary, and lateral root lengths, while in TOROE plants, only primary root length changed. HA also doubled the expression of transcripts in Col-0 roots, including those for PM H+-ATPase (AHA2), TOR kinase, ROS-related RBOHC, and auxin transporters LAX3 and PIN3. Only AHA2 and RBOHC were upregulated in TOROE plants. Findings indicate that HA promotes rhizosphere acidification and plasma membrane potential regulation via AHA2 and RBOHC, linked to auxin transporters and calcium signaling.
Conclusions
The data suggest HA, rich in compounds like quinones and flavonoids, stimulates root development by triggering Ca2+ waves, NADPH oxidase and H+-ATPase activities. These findings advance our understanding of TOR and H+-ATPase roles in root architecture.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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