Modulation of the microbial community and the fermentation characteristics of wrapped natural grass silage inoculated with composite bacteria

IF 5.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Jingyuan Zhang, Haixia Ma, Qian Guo, Bilige Sudu, Hongyan Han
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Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of composite bacterial inoculants on the fermentation quality, microbial community composition, and nutrient preservation of natural grass silage produced in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia. Four treatment groups were set, each using distinct combinations of lactic acid bacteria: a control group (C) with no inoculant and three inoculated groups (Group B: Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus; Group P: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP-21; and Group M: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, and Pediococcus pentosaceus). After 240 days of ensiling, the inoculated groups exhibited significantly higher contents of crude protein and dry matter (DM) and lower ammonia nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber levels than the control group. The M group demonstrated superior fermentation performance, exhibiting the lowest pH (C 5.15; B 4.77; P 4.64; and M 4.57), the highest lactic acid concentration (C 3.40% DM; B 6.80% DM; P 7.73% DM; and M 8.00% DM), and an optimal microbial composition dominated by Lactiplantibacillus and Lentilactobacillus. These improvements were attributed to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, a bacterium that can produce a substantial amount of lactic acid through homofermentation, thereby lowering the pH, inhibiting the activity of undesirable microorganisms, and enhancing nutrient preservation. High-throughput sequencing revealed shifts in the dominant bacterial phyla from Proteobacteria in raw grass to Firmicutes in silage, with inoculants significantly influencing microbial diversity and functional profiles. Functional prediction indicated enhanced carbohydrate metabolism and nutrient preservation in the inoculated groups. These findings underscore the potential of tailored bacterial inoculants and advanced wrapping technology to improve the quality of silage and thus support sustainable livestock production.

Graphical Abstract

复合菌接种对包裹天然草青贮发酵特性及微生物群落的调控
研究了复合菌接种剂对内蒙古呼伦贝尔天然草料青贮发酵品质、微生物群落组成及养分保存的影响。设置4个处理组,每个组使用不同的乳酸菌组合:对照组(C)不接种乳酸菌,3个接种组(B组:布氏慢乳杆菌和戊糖小球菌;P组:植物乳杆菌A1和植物乳杆菌LP-21;M组:植物乳杆菌、屎肠球菌、戊糖童球菌)。青贮240 d后,各接种组粗蛋白质和干物质含量显著高于对照组,氨氮、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于对照组。M组发酵性能较好,pH最低(c5.15;B 4.77;P 4.64;M 4.57),乳酸浓度最高(C 3.40% DM;B 6.80% dm;P 7.73% dm;M为8.00% DM),以乳酸杆菌和慢乳杆菌为主的最佳微生物组成。这些改善归功于植物乳杆菌,这种细菌可以通过同质发酵产生大量乳酸,从而降低pH值,抑制不良微生物的活性,增强营养物质的保存。高通量测序显示,优势菌门从生草中的变形菌门转变为青贮中的厚壁菌门,接种剂显著影响微生物多样性和功能谱。功能预测表明,接种组的碳水化合物代谢和营养保存能力增强。这些发现强调了定制细菌接种剂和先进包装技术在提高青贮质量从而支持可持续畜牧生产方面的潜力。图形抽象
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来源期刊
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
3.00%
发文量
83
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture. This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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