{"title":"迷迭香的代谢谱分析及对淡紫色扁球菌的杀虫活性研究","authors":"Urvashi Kashyap, S. G. Eswara Reddy","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sucking insects are major threat to agricultural and horticultural crops. Indiscriminate application of chemical insecticides for the control of pests leads to the development of resistance, harmful to non-target organisms, consumers’ health, the environment, etc. Therefore, botanical insecticides are alternate to synthetic pesticides for the control of sucking pests. In the present investigation, chemical constituents, metabolic profile, and insecticidal activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. (Lamiaceae) ethanolic aqueous extract (EAE), fractions and compounds were screened against <i>Aphis craccivora</i> Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and <i>Planococcus lilacinus</i> Cockerell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)<i>.</i></p><h3>Results</h3><p>Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that linolenic acid (24.97%), 1,8-cineole (14.26%), myrcene (10.67%), hexadecenoic acid (9.91%), and camphene (7.12%) were the major constituents in the <i>n</i>-hexane fraction. UHPLC–ESI-QTOF-IMS analysis of ethanolic aqueous extract (EAE) showed the presence of palmitoleic acid, 4-ethoxy ethyl benzoate, 7-methylrosmanol, and diosmin as major metabolites. Among extract and fractions, EAE was found more effective to <i>A. craccivora</i> (lethal dose to kill 50% of test insect <i>i. e</i>., LD<sub>50</sub> = 1.84 µL/nymph) after 96 h followed by <i>n</i>-hexane fraction (LD<sub>50</sub> = 2.22 µL/insect). In <i>P. lilacinus</i>, <i>n</i>-hexane fraction displayed highest toxicity (LD<sub>50</sub> = 1.46 µL/crawler) followed by ethyl acetate and <i>n</i>-butanol fraction (LD<sub>50</sub> = 2.01–2.29 µL/crawler). All combinations of the EAE and fractions exhibited synergetic action. Amongst compounds, linolenic acid was found superior to <i>A. craccivora</i> (LD<sub>50</sub> = 0.59 µL/nymph) and <i>P. lilacinus</i> (LD<sub>50</sub> = 0.99 µL/crawler). EAE and its fractions also showed significant reproductive inhibition and deterrence to target pests. Further, EAE significantly inhibited in vivo enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and mixed function oxidase (MFO) in <i>A. craccivora</i> after 24 and 48 h. In <i>P. lilacinus</i>, only GST showed inhibition but AChE and carboxylesterase (CES 1) were induced after 24 h. SEM study revealed notable aberrations in the structure of the peritoneum, setae, and thoracic legs of <i>A. craccivora</i> after ingestion of EAE. Under greenhouse conditions, the higher dose of <i>R. officinalis</i> EAE (20 g/L) reported higher reduction of <i>A. craccivora</i> on leaf (82.28 to 89.36%) and twigs (70.68 to 85.72%) of cowpea after 3, 5 and 7 days of second spray.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on our greenhouse study results, EAE of <i>R. officinalis</i> may be recommended for the control of <i>A. craccivora</i> in crop plants.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Metabolic profiling and insecticidal activities of Rosmarinus officinalis L. for the management of Aphis craccivora Koch and Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell\",\"authors\":\"Urvashi Kashyap, S. G. Eswara Reddy\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sucking insects are major threat to agricultural and horticultural crops. Indiscriminate application of chemical insecticides for the control of pests leads to the development of resistance, harmful to non-target organisms, consumers’ health, the environment, etc. Therefore, botanical insecticides are alternate to synthetic pesticides for the control of sucking pests. In the present investigation, chemical constituents, metabolic profile, and insecticidal activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. (Lamiaceae) ethanolic aqueous extract (EAE), fractions and compounds were screened against <i>Aphis craccivora</i> Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and <i>Planococcus lilacinus</i> Cockerell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)<i>.</i></p><h3>Results</h3><p>Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that linolenic acid (24.97%), 1,8-cineole (14.26%), myrcene (10.67%), hexadecenoic acid (9.91%), and camphene (7.12%) were the major constituents in the <i>n</i>-hexane fraction. UHPLC–ESI-QTOF-IMS analysis of ethanolic aqueous extract (EAE) showed the presence of palmitoleic acid, 4-ethoxy ethyl benzoate, 7-methylrosmanol, and diosmin as major metabolites. Among extract and fractions, EAE was found more effective to <i>A. craccivora</i> (lethal dose to kill 50% of test insect <i>i. e</i>., LD<sub>50</sub> = 1.84 µL/nymph) after 96 h followed by <i>n</i>-hexane fraction (LD<sub>50</sub> = 2.22 µL/insect). In <i>P. lilacinus</i>, <i>n</i>-hexane fraction displayed highest toxicity (LD<sub>50</sub> = 1.46 µL/crawler) followed by ethyl acetate and <i>n</i>-butanol fraction (LD<sub>50</sub> = 2.01–2.29 µL/crawler). All combinations of the EAE and fractions exhibited synergetic action. Amongst compounds, linolenic acid was found superior to <i>A. craccivora</i> (LD<sub>50</sub> = 0.59 µL/nymph) and <i>P. lilacinus</i> (LD<sub>50</sub> = 0.99 µL/crawler). EAE and its fractions also showed significant reproductive inhibition and deterrence to target pests. Further, EAE significantly inhibited in vivo enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and mixed function oxidase (MFO) in <i>A. craccivora</i> after 24 and 48 h. In <i>P. lilacinus</i>, only GST showed inhibition but AChE and carboxylesterase (CES 1) were induced after 24 h. SEM study revealed notable aberrations in the structure of the peritoneum, setae, and thoracic legs of <i>A. craccivora</i> after ingestion of EAE. Under greenhouse conditions, the higher dose of <i>R. officinalis</i> EAE (20 g/L) reported higher reduction of <i>A. craccivora</i> on leaf (82.28 to 89.36%) and twigs (70.68 to 85.72%) of cowpea after 3, 5 and 7 days of second spray.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on our greenhouse study results, EAE of <i>R. officinalis</i> may be recommended for the control of <i>A. craccivora</i> in crop plants.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":512,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture\",\"volume\":\"12 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40538-025-00761-7","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Metabolic profiling and insecticidal activities of Rosmarinus officinalis L. for the management of Aphis craccivora Koch and Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell
Background
Sucking insects are major threat to agricultural and horticultural crops. Indiscriminate application of chemical insecticides for the control of pests leads to the development of resistance, harmful to non-target organisms, consumers’ health, the environment, etc. Therefore, botanical insecticides are alternate to synthetic pesticides for the control of sucking pests. In the present investigation, chemical constituents, metabolic profile, and insecticidal activities of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) ethanolic aqueous extract (EAE), fractions and compounds were screened against Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).
Results
Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that linolenic acid (24.97%), 1,8-cineole (14.26%), myrcene (10.67%), hexadecenoic acid (9.91%), and camphene (7.12%) were the major constituents in the n-hexane fraction. UHPLC–ESI-QTOF-IMS analysis of ethanolic aqueous extract (EAE) showed the presence of palmitoleic acid, 4-ethoxy ethyl benzoate, 7-methylrosmanol, and diosmin as major metabolites. Among extract and fractions, EAE was found more effective to A. craccivora (lethal dose to kill 50% of test insect i. e., LD50 = 1.84 µL/nymph) after 96 h followed by n-hexane fraction (LD50 = 2.22 µL/insect). In P. lilacinus, n-hexane fraction displayed highest toxicity (LD50 = 1.46 µL/crawler) followed by ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction (LD50 = 2.01–2.29 µL/crawler). All combinations of the EAE and fractions exhibited synergetic action. Amongst compounds, linolenic acid was found superior to A. craccivora (LD50 = 0.59 µL/nymph) and P. lilacinus (LD50 = 0.99 µL/crawler). EAE and its fractions also showed significant reproductive inhibition and deterrence to target pests. Further, EAE significantly inhibited in vivo enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and mixed function oxidase (MFO) in A. craccivora after 24 and 48 h. In P. lilacinus, only GST showed inhibition but AChE and carboxylesterase (CES 1) were induced after 24 h. SEM study revealed notable aberrations in the structure of the peritoneum, setae, and thoracic legs of A. craccivora after ingestion of EAE. Under greenhouse conditions, the higher dose of R. officinalis EAE (20 g/L) reported higher reduction of A. craccivora on leaf (82.28 to 89.36%) and twigs (70.68 to 85.72%) of cowpea after 3, 5 and 7 days of second spray.
Conclusion
Based on our greenhouse study results, EAE of R. officinalis may be recommended for the control of A. craccivora in crop plants.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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