{"title":"Technology-Aware Simulation for Prototyping Molecular Field-Coupled Nanocomputing","authors":"Federico Ravera;Yuri Ardesi;Gianluca Piccinini;Mariagrazia Graziano","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415790","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415790","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular Field-Coupled Nanocomputing (molFCN) paradigm encodes digital information in the charge distribution of molecules. The information propagates through electrostatic coupling within molecules, permitting minimal power consumption. Although the promising results in the design of molFCN circuits, a prototype is missing. Therefore, this work moves toward molFCN fabrication by presenting a methodology combining Finite Element Modelling with the SCERPA tool, boosting the simulation accuracy by considering both molecule and device physics. First, this work analyzes nano-trench-based molFCN single-line wires, examining information propagation dependencies on the nano-trench geometries. Then, the analysis of nano-trench-based multi-line wires points out the primary prototype specification to achieve this advantageous molFCN solution. Finally, we demonstrate the nano-trench as a valuable solution to achieve the write-in mechanism. Overall, this paper paves the way for molFCN fabrication-aware simulations for future prototyping.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"521-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10561616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elvis Díaz Machado;Jose Lopez Vicario;Enrique Miranda;Antoni Morell
{"title":"Memristor Crossbar Array Simulation for Deep Learning Applications","authors":"Elvis Díaz Machado;Jose Lopez Vicario;Enrique Miranda;Antoni Morell","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415382","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415382","url":null,"abstract":"Hardware neural networks (HNNs) based on crossbar arrays are expected to be energy-efficient computing architectures for solving complex tasks due to their small feature sizes. Although there exist software libraries able to deal with circuit simulation of memristor networks, they still exceed the memory available of any consumer grade GPU's VRAM for large scale crossbar arrays while having a significant computational complexity. This work discusses an iterative method to implement a fast simulation of the corresponding memristor crossbar array with much more limited memory use.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"512-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10559273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141516961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-Event Upset in Molecular Quantum Cellular Automata","authors":"Ehsan Rahimi","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415396","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular quantum cellular automata (QCA) provides a paradigm for molecular electronics in which the configuration of charges at reduction-oxidation centers of molecules encodes binary information, and the electrostatic forces enable performing logic operations at the molecular scale. Cosmic rays or impurities in packaging materials can cause electric charges to tunnel into a QCA cell, leading to single-event upset (SEU). The effect of SUE on the functionality of a majority gate comprised of a QCA cell, in which two cationic molecular dimers interact through intermolecular Coulomb forces, is analyzed using the Hubbard model and full quantum chemical calculations. For this purpose, we introduce a complementary input model within a minimal framework for the molecular QCA majority gate. The response function of a single-input QCA cell and the polarization table of a three-input majority gate are evaluated in normal and SEU operation modes using the complementary input model in conjunction with the Hubbard model and quantum chemical calculations. The \u0000<italic>ab initio</i>\u0000 results indicate the possibility of designing SEU fault-tolerant QCA devices.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"541-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Stability IWO Thin-Film Transistors Under Microwave Annealing for Low Thermal Budget Application","authors":"Yi-Xuan Chen;Yi-Lin Wang;Fu-Jyuan Li;Hui-Hsuan Li;Meng-Chien Lee;Yu-Hsien Lin;Chao-Hsin Chien","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3413794","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3413794","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigated the effects of microwave thermal annealing (MWA) on the electrical performance and stability of Indium-Tungsten-Oxide (IWO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Under MWA treatment at 600 W, the IWO-TFTs exhibited a subthreshold swing (SS) of 144 mV/dec and a threshold voltage (V\u0000<sub>T</sub>\u0000) of 0.9 V, demonstrating superior resistance to stress-induced degradation. The TFTs treated with MWA displayed enhanced performance compared to the as-fabricated ones in bias stress stability. As a result, MWA showed significant potential for repairing defects through post-deposition annealing with a reduced thermal budget, thereby presenting a promising application for developing back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible oxide semiconductor technology.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"516-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141516962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polypeptide-Regulated the Self-Assembled In2O3/ZnO Nanocubes for Enhanced H2 Gas Sensing at Low Operating Temperatures","authors":"Haoting Zhang;Jiahui Jin;Zhiqiang Yang;Zhenyu Yuan;Fanli Meng","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3413719","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3413719","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, hydrogen sensors based on In\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000O\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000/ZnO nanocubes are fabricated by single step hydrothermal route, and polypeptide is utilized to guide the morphology of the composites to heighten the responsiveness of the sensors to hydrogen at low operating temperatures. A series of analyses and validations are carried out by characterization techniques. Gas sensitivity test results display that the optimal operating temperature of the modified sensing element is reduced by 60 °C compared to the initial element, accompanied by a doubling of the response value (22.12). At the same time, the response time to 100 ppm H\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 is 2.5 s. Even more strikingly, the modified gas sensing element has evidently improved the response speed to low-ppm levels hydrogen. Moreover, the sensor components exhibit favorable repeatability, stability and excellent selectivity. By analyzing the characterization data and gas-sensitive test results, the improved responsiveness of the sensing elements is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of the dilatation in the specific surface area of the gas-sensitive materials and the increase in intergranular contacts.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"500-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Stochastic Behavior of Self- Rectifying Memristors for Error-Corrected Physical Unclonable Functions","authors":"Xianyue Zhao;Jonas Ruchti;Christoph Frisch;Kefeng Li;Ziang Chen;Stephan Menzel;Rainer Waser;Heidemarie Schmidt;Ilia Polian;Michael Pehl;Nan Du","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3413888","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3413888","url":null,"abstract":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have gained widespread attention for their secure key storage, authentication, and anti-counterfeiting applications. While traditional PUFs based on Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) have been extensively studied, the emergence of memristors offers new opportunities due to their inherent device variations and distinctive resistive switching behaviors. This study explores the construction of reliable PUFs using self-rectifying analog BiFeO\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (BFO) memristors. We assess the raw bit error rate (rBER) of the BFO-based PUF under varying voltage challenges and classify the switching behavior into stochastic, transition, and deterministic regions. As the primary objective of this study, we identify the sources of stochastic behavior in the three distinct regions while investigating the physical switching mechanism in BFO cells. Additionally, we propose a key storage method based on memristor variability, including an error correction scheme to enhance the reliability of PUF. This research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of PUF reliability and the underlying sources of intrinsic stochastic behavior in memristive technology.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"490-499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of Au Nanoparticles Adsorbed on 1-D ZnO Nanomaterials Through a Novel Photochemical Synthesis Way for Field- Emission Emitter Applications","authors":"Yen-Lin Chu;Sheng-Joue Young;Po-Kai Chen;Sandeep Arya;Tung-Te Chu","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3409631","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3409631","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the growth of vertically aligned zinc oxide nanorod (ZnO NR) arrays on a conductive indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrate by using a simple hydrothermal solution route method at 95 °C for 3 h. Additionally, the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were victoriously adsorbed on the NR surface through a low-cost photochemical method under ultraviolet (UV) light at room temperature for field-emission (FE) emitters. To explore one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures, high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) measurement were conducted. It was found that the NRs were almost perpendicular to the substrate with c-axis direction. The Au concentration of the 1-D NR array was 0.75 at% in energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) result. ZnO nanomaterials with and without Au NPs were labelled 1-D Z@Au-3 and Z@Au-0 NRs, respectively. The turn-on electric field and effective field enhancement factor (β) of the Z@Au-0 NR devices were 4.56 V/μm and 4902, and those of the Z@Au-3 NR devices were 3.25 V/μm and 12955, respectively. Meanwhile, the slope value of the Z@Au-3 sample (6.43) was also lower than that of the Z@Au-0 NR sample (17.01). It can be seen that the Au NPs enhanced the FE property of the emitter. As a result, the designed 1-D ZnO samples with noble Au NPs are an encouraging candidate in future FE-based device applications, which can use in various electronic applications such as FE display panels, X-ray sources, light sources, and parallel electron beam microscopes.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"478-481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
András Horváth;Franciska Rajki;Alon Ascoli;Ronald Tetzlaff
{"title":"Deep Memristive Cellular Neural Networks for Image Classification and Segmentation","authors":"András Horváth;Franciska Rajki;Alon Ascoli;Ronald Tetzlaff","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3411689","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3411689","url":null,"abstract":"We present simulation results of a deep cellular neural network leveraging memristive dynamics to classify and segment images from commonly examined datasets. We have investigated the use of both volatile (NbO\u0000<sub>x</sub>\u0000-Mott) and non-volatile (TaO\u0000<sub>x</sub>\u0000) memristive devices in memristive cellular neural networks. We simulated deep neural networks using these devices and compared their image classification and segmentation accuracies on commonly investigated datasets to traditional convolutional and cellular architectures of similar complexity. Our results reveal that the exploitation of memristive dynamics in cellular structures can increase classification accuracy by more than 2.5 percent as compared to the traditional convolutional implementations while concurrently improving the mean intersection over union in semantic segmentation on the Cityscapes dataset by 8 percent.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"718-726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanostructured V2O5/MoO3 Based Devices for Brain Inspired Optical Memory Applications","authors":"Sharmila B;Priyanka Dwivedi","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3409151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2024.3409151","url":null,"abstract":"Brain inspired devices are the building block of the neuromorphic based artificial intelligence systems. This paper presents a novel optical memory devices based on the nanostructured V\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000O\u0000<sub>5</sub>\u0000/MoO\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000. These optical memory devices were fabricated using wafer scalable technology. The fabricated optical memory devices can mimic the synaptic behaviors such as paired pulse facilitation (PPF) index, excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), short term plasticity, inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC), spike dependent plasticity, long term plasticity and long term retention capability. The proposed device has shown a PPF index of 216% and long term retention time of 5.6 × 10\u0000<sup>3</sup>\u0000 seconds. The demonstrated optical memory devices have highly sensitive, repeatable and have a potential to be used for neuromorphic computing applications.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"535-540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Judicious Exploitation of Electrical Characteristics of a Unique GeSn TFET With Corner-Point for Sensing S-Protein Biomarker","authors":"Sanu Gayen;Suchismita Tewari;Avik Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3409055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2024.3409055","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, for the first time, a unique Ge\u0000<sub>(1-x)</sub>\u0000Sn\u0000<sub>x</sub>\u0000 alloy-based TFET sensor with a deliberate corner-point in the channel has been proposed for successful detection of S-protein, a significant biomarker. After the validation of our simulation scheme through a process of calibration of an experimentally realized mother GeSn TFET device, the same is turned into the proposed sensor device by suitably creating nanogap cavity in it. The performance of the proposed sensor device has been thoroughly investigated as a function of channel epilayer thickness (CH\u0000<sub>epi</sub>\u0000) in terms of a set of performance metrics – P-responsivity and P-sensitivity. Then, by varying the mole-fraction of Ge\u0000<sub>(1-x)</sub>\u0000Sn\u0000<sub>x</sub>\u0000 in the proposed sensor, the sensing performance has been studied in terms of the aforementioned performance metrics, along with an additional unique metric known as dynamic sensitivity. Interestingly, it has been observed that the most suitable device in pure electronic domain (digital or analog) is the least suited in sensing domain and vice-versa. This forbids the tendency of blind-picking of device with enhanced performance in pure electronic domain for sensing purpose as well without proper investigation. After a thorough analysis, it is observed that the proposed sensor with CH\u0000<sub>epi</sub>\u0000 = 10 nm has evolved as the most optimized sensor device while the choice of mole-fraction remains application specific. Also, the ultimately optimized sensor shows a fairly good performance in dealing with the real-time position variability aspect (even if it is due to the repulsive steric effects of S-protein molecules) which results in a partial hybridization issue.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"467-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}