Micro and Nano Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A mesoscale compliant expansion chamber for a catalytic micro-engine","authors":"Serena Basile ,&nbsp;Johannes F.L. Goosen","doi":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As engineering applications become increasingly complex, the need for miniaturization is present in several technological fields. Places hardly reachable by traditional tools and machines, can be accessed thanks to miniaturized devices and, especially when such devices are remotely controlled or autonomous, it implies the need for miniaturized, standalone actuators. Most high-energy density actuators for these applications can not be operated if untethered from an external power-supply.</div><div>In this study, we investigate the manufacturing of a mesoscale compliant expansion chamber for a miniaturized chemical-based actuator. Photopolymerization and material jetting are used for manufacturing the prototypes, exhibiting dimensions of 9.8 mm diameter, 7.5 mm height and 140 μm thickness. These dimensions are such as to allow the device to fit inside of the flapping wings micro aerial vehicle (FWMAV) that it has to power. Fabrication of such dimensions, along with the peculiar geometry of the chamber, taps into the limitations of the photopolymerization process and highlights areas of improvement for this rapidly-developing technology. The devices are successfully tested for a linear motion, mimicking that of a cylinder-piston combination, as in a conventional expansion chamber, and are actuated by a pressure pulse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37111,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nano Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of a streamlined micro hot wire probe to reduce aerodynamic disturbances","authors":"Baptiste Baradel ,&nbsp;Olivier Léon ,&nbsp;Léo Chamard ,&nbsp;Philippe Combette ,&nbsp;Fabien Méry ,&nbsp;Alain Giani","doi":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The miniaturization of sensing elements in hot-wire anemometry through micro-fabrication techniques enables high temporal and spatial resolution, essential for investigating complex and high-speed flows. However, hot-wire probes remain inherently intrusive, and minimizing disturbances caused by the probe is critical for accurate measurements at small scales. This study focuses on the development of a micro hot-wire (<span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>HW) sensor with reduced disturbances through the implementation of a streamlined geometry. By developing a micro-fabrication process, based among others on silicon’s aspect ratio-dependent etching properties, a new sensor prototype was produced. Experimental characterization in a wall-bounded flow highlights the potential and limitations of this streamlined design for aerodynamic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37111,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nano Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully integrated automatic microfluidic setup for immobilization, analysis and non-selective release of particles","authors":"Alexandre Chargueraud ,&nbsp;Lars Kool ,&nbsp;Jacques Fattaccioli","doi":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a microfluidic device that enables trapping, analysis and on-demand release of individual microparticles using membrane deformation induced by pneumatic actuation. Inspired by the <em>Pachinko</em>-like architecture, the system integrates an array of traps supported by a deformable membrane. The latter is actuated by pressure control in a pneumatic chamber bonded above it. Unlike conventional designs with rigid guiding structures, our modified configuration maximizes trapping membrane mobility by introducing a wide, elliptical cavity and suspended rectilinear flow guides.</div><div>To characterize the device, we performed deformation measurements under controlled negative pressure using confocal microscopy. These measurements revealed pressure-dependent displacement profiles, which were compared to several theoretical models. A strong agreement was observed with the thick-membrane approximation, confirming its suitability for future scaling. Deformation in the z-direction reached over 120 μm under −100 mbar in the pneumatic chamber, enabling the release of 80-μm-diameter particles.</div><div>Trapping and release sequences were demonstrated under a microscope by applying controlled fluidic and pneumatic pressures. The device reproducibly captured and released microparticles within seconds. To highlight the automation potential, we integrated a custom Python-based interface using μManager libraries to control imaging, motion, and fluidic systems (accessible in this paper to be used by the readers). The platform autonomously performed full cycles of particle trapping, image acquisition, and release, including priming steps to prevent air bubble formation in the PDMS microchannels.</div><div>This work demonstrates a robust and fully automated microfluidic platform capable of reversible particle immobilization. The system is suitable for applications requiring high-throughput single-object analysis, such as screening assays, mechanobiology, or dynamic imaging workflows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37111,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nano Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-mixing interferometry system for in-vitro flow mapping of retinal arteriolar network","authors":"Sebastián Sierra-Alarcón ,&nbsp;Evelio E. Ramírez-Miquet ,&nbsp;Julien Perchoux ,&nbsp;Laureline Julien ,&nbsp;Benoit Charlot ,&nbsp;Adam Quotb","doi":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-Mixing Interferometry (SMI) is an optical sensing technique that enables the creation of compact, all-in-one optical sensors for high-resolution measurements, making it an attractive tool for flowmetry applications, such as velocity mapping in microfluidic systems. Most research in this area has focused on artificial rectangular or circular channels, which do not fully replicate in vivo-like structures. This study demonstrates the application of SMI for velocity mapping in microchannels designed to mimic the retinal arteriolar network. These microchannels were fabricated using backside lithography, a novel technique that produces semi-rounded geometries closely resembling in vivo conditions. A high-resolution SMI system was developed, achieving accurate velocity measurements with a spatial resolution of 1 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m for detailed flow profiles, as well as faster scans at lower resolutions for global flow patterns. The system’s ability to reconstruct velocity maps and track flow variations within an artificial vascular network highlights the potential of SMI sensors for use in more complex, in vivo-like applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37111,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nano Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic liquid ion sources for focused ion beam applications: A review","authors":"Rachel Ord ,&nbsp;Bita Pourbahari ,&nbsp;Jacques Gierak ,&nbsp;Nabil Bassim","doi":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Focused ion beam (FIB) technology has transformed materials science by enabling precise micro- and nano-scale modifications through ion beam interactions. Originally developed for semiconductor doping and device fabrication, FIBs use different ionization sources such as liquid metals (e.g., gallium), gas field ionization, and plasma sources. Recent advancements include the use of Ionic Liquid Ion Sources (ILIS), which promise enhanced capabilities for materials research and applications. Recent progress in the Ionic Liquid Ion Sources- Focused ion beam (ILIS-FIB) technology is presented in this overview paper. ILIS-FIB systems operate similarly to conventional systems but employ ionic liquids (ILs) as ion sources, ionizing IL molecules at the emitter tip with applied voltage and using standard focusing components to refine the ion beam. Challenges which are reviewed in this article, include maintaining pure ionic emission for stable operation, necessitating optimization of tip emitting properties, IL characteristics, and voltage settings. It was reviewed in this paper that, ILIS-FIB systems use room-temperature ILs with low melting points, low vapor pressures, and customizable chemical compositions to ensure pure ion emission and improve beam performance for emerging applications. Despite challenges in beam composition and commercial readiness, ILIS-FIB research focuses on developing mathematical models to predict beam stability and performance, advancing theoretical groundwork for refinement and eventual commercialization of ILIS-based FIB technologies in materials science. This overview can shed light on the understanding of ionic liquid ion sources for Focused Ion Beam applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37111,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nano Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfabrication of an 8-qubit processor chip for a trapped-ion quantum computer demonstrator","authors":"Nila Krishnakumar ,&nbsp;Friederike Giebel ,&nbsp;Eike Iseke ,&nbsp;Konstantin Thronberens ,&nbsp;Jacob Stupp ,&nbsp;Nora D. Stahr ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Munoz ,&nbsp;Brigitte Kaune ,&nbsp;Teresa Meiners ,&nbsp;Ludwig Krinner ,&nbsp;Christian Ospelkaus","doi":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multilayer surface-electrode ion traps provide a scalable platform for quantum processors. In this paper we present a demonstrator chip designed to implement an 8-qubit shuttling-based quantum processor with chip-integrated microwave control for quantum gates. The design is based on a linear Paul trap geometry. All-to-all connectivity will be implemented through ion swapping. The production of the trap chip is carried out with multistep microfabrication. The 2-layer ion trap chip with two storage registers and an interaction zone has a size of 5<span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mspace></mspace><mi>mm</mi></mrow></math></span> x 10<span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mspace></mspace><mi>mm</mi></mrow></math></span>. Flexibility in signal routing is improved through the use of thick and planarised metal–dielectric layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37111,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nano Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable transparent metal mesh heater on flexible substrate prepared using reverse-offset printed seed layer","authors":"Tapio Mäkelä,&nbsp;Asko Sneck,&nbsp;Olli Halonen,&nbsp;Ari Hokkanen,&nbsp;Kim Eiroma,&nbsp;Jaakko Leppäniemi","doi":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate a manufacturing process for a transparent metal mesh heater using reverse offset printing (ROP), metal lift-off and Ni electroplating. All used methods are scalable and compatible with high-throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication. First, a Cu-mesh seed layer is produced by ROP printing of a ∼ 70 nm thick semi-dry poly 4-vinylphenol (PVPh) ink on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and followed by metal evaporation and a lift-off process using the patterned PVPh as a mask. After this, the thickness of the relatively thin Cu-mesh (40 nm) is increased using a Ni-electroplating process to achieve the desired resistivity (&lt; 3 Ω/□) and metal thickness (1–5 μm) of the heater. Optical transparency of the metal heater is achieved by suitable design and a low linewidth (2 μm) of the ROP/lift-off patterned seed Cu-mesh. The performance of the transparent heater is evaluated e.g. by using a figure of merit (FoM) value and compared against indium tin oxide (ITO) based heaters on PET substrate with a sheet resistance of 50 Ω/□. The FoM value is ∼400 for 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm size heaters, compared to ∼50 for the reference ITO. Four different sized heaters are fabricated and tested with a constant voltage until the temperature of the heater is saturated, yielding &gt;260 °C<strong>∙</strong>cm²/W thermal resistance, thus much higher than 68 °C<strong>∙</strong>cm²/W obtained for the ITO reference. The measured optical transparency of ∼74 % of the metal heater is close to the calculated transparency of 77 %. The transparency of the metal mesh is impacted by the relatively high ∼15 % haze, which is probably due to the high surface roughness of Ni. For ITO reference, the transparency and haze are ∼85 % and 1 %, respectively. The operation of the metal mesh heater is demonstrated in a defogging test where water vapor was removed from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface within 10 s of activating the heater. The heater uses relative low voltage (2.5 V) resulting in a surface temperature ∼ 50 °C. The ROP lift-off process produces superior quality of the Cu-seed layer at low-temperature, enables high transparency, allows the use of complex designs and a variety of substrates. The results indicate that the proposed metal mesh heater is a good candidate for scalable, high-volume manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37111,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nano Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for accurate replication of complex and cell-instructive surface microtopographies","authors":"Liline A.S. Fermin ,&nbsp;Daniel de Melo Pereira ,&nbsp;Maryam Parvizifard ,&nbsp;Noel L. Davison ,&nbsp;Elizabeth R. Balmayor ,&nbsp;Huipin Yuan ,&nbsp;Pamela Habibović ,&nbsp;Zeinab Niloofar Tahmasebi Birgani","doi":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomaterial surface topography can modulate cellular behavior and has become a powerful tool for developing highly functional biomaterials for tissue regeneration applications. For example, grained topographies in the microstructure of calcium phosphate ceramics, such as β-tricalcium phosphates (TCPs), were shown to impact their osteoinductive properties; yet the mechanisms of action underlying interactions of these surface topographies with cells are not fully understood. Probing these types of biological mechanisms is especially challenging because of the combined effects of biomaterial surface chemistry and topography, which are difficult to deconvolute. Previously, hot embossing with an inversely replicated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold was employed to transfer the topographies of TCPs onto polymer films and investigate their cell-instructive effects independent of the substrate chemistry. This method proved successful for copying the surficial topographies of the ceramics to the polymer substrates. Here, we describe an improved replication method using nickel mold galvanoforming and nanoimprinting to create high-fidelity replicas of micro- and sub-micro-sized topographies of TCPs in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Our findings indicate that using the proposed method, the topography replication depth was greatly improved in both the intermediate molds and the TPU imprints of the TCPs compared to hot embossing method with PDMS mold. This method is particularly suitable for replicating complex, naturally occurring surface topographies onto different polymer films and allows for the reliable investigation of the role of micro- and sub-micro-sized topographies on cell behavior, as well as for developing highly functional biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37111,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nano Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water droplet alignment film fabricated by patterning hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions using a moth-eye structure","authors":"Takuto Wakasa,&nbsp;Jun Taniguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organisms naturally develop various physiological properties over time. For example, rose petals exhibit spherical repellence to water droplets, preventing them from falling even when inverted. In our previous study, we reproduced this adhesive hydrophobicity by creating microholes in a hydrophobic nanostructured film. However, this microstructure caused light scattering, which reduced the transmittance of the film. To address this, we focused our attention on an insect called the tenebrionid beetle, which collects water from fog using a two-region structure consisting of hydrophilic regions on a hydrophobic surface background. In a previous study, we combined this structure with a moth-eye structure to fabricate an adhesive hydrophobic surface with high permeability. We hypothesized that by reducing the size of the hydrophilic region within the two-region structure, it would be possible to align the water droplets within the hydrophilic regions. In future study, we aim to use these films as pipettes by transferring water droplets aligned on the hydrophilic regions onto a substrate. The optical transmittance of the film is important because it adjusts from the back of the film where the water droplets are being transferred. In this experiment, we fabricated hydrophilic regions using photolithography on a moth-eye mold, applying a hydrophilic photoresist. Subsequently, UV nanoimprint lithography was employed, utilizing a hydrophobic resist to form a two-region moth-eye-structured surface. When the hydrophilic regions had diameters ranging from 100 μm to 750 μm, water droplets preferentially aligned on the hydrophilic regions upon mist exposure using a humidifier. Notably, even when the film is inverted, the water droplets remain adhered, and due to the transmittance of the film of ∼90 %, they are visible from the reverse side. In addition, a 7 μL water droplet placed on the film demonstrated a contact angle of 148.4 degrees, confirming strong adhesive hydrophobicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37111,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nano Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced detection of PSA by nanoscale plasmonic devices and Raman spectroscopy","authors":"C. Laurini ,&nbsp;E. La Civita ,&nbsp;E. Battista ,&nbsp;V. Mollo ,&nbsp;B. Della Ventura ,&nbsp;R. Velotta ,&nbsp;D. Terracciano ,&nbsp;M.L. Coluccio ,&nbsp;F. Gentile","doi":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mne.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a crucial biomarker for the early detection and monitoring of prostate cancer (PC). In this study, we present a biosensing approach that integrates plasmonic nanostructures with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the ultrasensitive detection of PSA in diluted solution. Our sensor device consists of ordered arrays of densely packed gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), fabricated using a combination of optical-lithography and electroless deposition techniques. The plasmonic properties of the Au NPs enhance the Raman scattering effect, significantly improving sensitivity and detection limits. We demonstrate the device's capability to detect PSA at vanishingly low concentrations – as low as <span><math><mn>38</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>pg</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>mL</mi></math></span> - well below the 4 ng/mL threshold used in clinical practice. Data analysis of Raman spectra illustrate that the response of the sensor device to PSA exhibits two distinct, <em>approximately linear</em> regimes. In the first regime (I), the Raman intensity increases with PSA concentration. In the second regime (II), the intensity decreases as concentration continues to rise. The transition between these regimes occurs at around <span><math><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>ng</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>mL</mi></math></span>. The existence of these regimes is explained by the peculiar behavior of surface enhanced Raman substrates, where the signal intensity non-linearly depends on the distance from the active metal nano-surface. At higher PSA concentrations, the biomarker may accumulate on the Au NPs, hampering the efficiency of sensing. These findings suggest that this plasmonic-SERS platform could provide a highly effective, non-invasive tool for PSA detection, potentially improving PC diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37111,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nano Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}