E. Jung, R. Aschenbrenner, C. Kallmayer, P. Coskina, H. Reichl
{"title":"Lead free alloys for flip chip bumping","authors":"E. Jung, R. Aschenbrenner, C. Kallmayer, P. Coskina, H. Reichl","doi":"10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916560","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to the ecological and electrical aspects of area array packages, there is a need to develop new solders with similar process characteristics and usage cost to Pb/Sn solders, but which are lead free and have improved mechanical properties and microstructural stability. As operating temperatures increase, standard alloys are unable to withstand the increased fatigue caused by the thermal cycling. Current lead-tin solders lack shear strength, creep resistance and thermal mechanical fatigue resistance. A solder which exhibits enhancements of these properties is crucial in automotive and other high-reliability products and high-temperature assemblies. In electronic packaging, it is common practice to solder the various levels of the package with different solders of different melting points so that the soldering of each successive level or step does not remelt the previously soldered joints. Depending on the particular applications, the most suitable solder alloys for area array packages (flip chip, CSP, BGA) are presented in this paper. Initial reliability results are also given.","PeriodicalId":321904,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials Processes, Properties and Interfaces (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8562)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130998450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Getters: micromolecular scavengers for packaging [MEMS]","authors":"M. Previti, K. Gilleo","doi":"10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916575","url":null,"abstract":"MEMS has become a very high profile technology during the past year, but there are a host of issues that require economical technical solutions. Getters will play a key role in MEMS and MOEMS packaging. Dual-purpose moisture-particle getters appear ideal and are already used in some optical MEMS commercial products. More work must be done in this area, especially for quasi-hermetic packaging. A getter may enable lower cost packaging such as adhesive sealing or even plastic packaging.","PeriodicalId":321904,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials Processes, Properties and Interfaces (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8562)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115940384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flux/underfill compatibility study for flip-chip manufacturing","authors":"T. Yamashita, T. Jiang","doi":"10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916545","url":null,"abstract":"In flip-chip assembly processing, material compatibility is a key issue determining package quality and reliability. With the advent of no-clean fluxes, the elimination of the flux cleaning process introduced a compatibility concern between the flux residue and the underfill. To address this problem, various different types of fluxes have been introduced, ranging from epoxy fluxes designed to interact with the underfill to a low-residue system leaving almost nothing behind after the soldering process. In this study, the compatibility of various flux types with an underfill was investigated. Data from TGA and TMA revealed thermal and physical properties, such as flux residue amount and melting points. Surface characteristics analyzed through XPS were used in combination with thermal, chemical, and physical analysis to characterize the behavior of each material set. The advantages and disadvantages of the various flux systems were analyzed through these tests.","PeriodicalId":321904,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials Processes, Properties and Interfaces (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8562)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116032381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of titanate and zirconate coupling agents in epoxy underfill material","authors":"S. Luo, T. Yamashita, C. Wong","doi":"10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916594","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an investigation of the effects of five titanate and zirconate coupling agents (CA) with different functional groups on various properties of epoxy underfill materials, including viscosity, curing, thermo-mechanical properties, and adhesion to SiO/sub 2/ passivation. CA-A, CA-C, and CA-E increased the viscosity of underfill. Addition of the coupling agents led to decrease in the curing onset temperature of epoxy underfill formulations. All of the coupling agents investigated in this study also brought a slight decrease in glass transition temperature (T/sub g/) of epoxy underfill. The die shear test of underfill on SiO/sub 2/ passivation showed that the adhesion was not changed significantly with the addition of the titanate and zirconate coupling agents, except for CA-E. The influence of coupling agent CA-E concentration in underfill materials was further investigated. CA-E has potential for use in epoxy underfill to improve adhesion.","PeriodicalId":321904,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials Processes, Properties and Interfaces (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8562)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122975699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A method to quantify the surface insulation resistance performance of glob tops exposed to different temperature/humidity combinations","authors":"P. Tomlins, L. Zou","doi":"10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916551","url":null,"abstract":"Often the only information that suppliers of glob top encapsulant and dam and fill materials provide for users of their materials is a single value of surface insulation resistance. This datum provides very little information about the encapsulant performance over the wide range of different humidity/temperature conditions that it may encounter in its service life. This procedure describes a simple method for characterising the performance of encapsulant materials over a broad range of environmental conditions. The resultant data can be used to assess the performance of different manufacturers' formulations or types of encapsulant dispensed on to different board finishes or on to different board materials.","PeriodicalId":321904,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials Processes, Properties and Interfaces (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8562)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128301202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rogers, K. Baldwin, Zhenan Bao, A. Dodabalapur, V. R. Raju, J. Ewing, K. Amundson
{"title":"Rubber stamped plastic circuits for electronic paper","authors":"J. Rogers, K. Baldwin, Zhenan Bao, A. Dodabalapur, V. R. Raju, J. Ewing, K. Amundson","doi":"10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916556","url":null,"abstract":"This paper illustrates the use of a high resolution form of rubber stamping, known as microcontact printing (/spl mu/CP), for patterning plastic active matrix drive circuitry designed for electronic paper. The high resolution (/spl sim/1 /spl mu/m) of the printed elements, the large area coverage (/spl sim/1 sq ft.) and the good electrical performance of these systems suggest that the methods, materials and processing sequences may be attractive for realistic applications of plastic electronics.","PeriodicalId":321904,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials Processes, Properties and Interfaces (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8562)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High frequency measurement of isotropic conductive adhesives","authors":"Zhuqing Zhang, S. Liong, C. Wong","doi":"10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916583","url":null,"abstract":"Isotropic conductive adhesives (ICAs) have some distinct advantages over SnPb solders as interconnect materials. With the increasing frequencies applied in electronics, the electrical properties of ICAs at high frequency must be investigated. A flip-chip test vehicle is designed and manufactured. FR-4 board is used as the substrate and gold plate copper as the transmission line. SnPb solder paste and ICA are applied using stencil printing and assembled. A network analyzer is used to study the signal reflection and transmission of the test vehicles. Results show that there is no significant difference between ICA joints and SnPb joints in the frequency range from 45 MHz to 2 GHz. A high-frequency substrate is needed in order to investigate the characteristics of ICA and SnPb solder at a higher frequency range.","PeriodicalId":321904,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials Processes, Properties and Interfaces (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8562)","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114107181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WASPP Program: advanced passivation for advanced packages and harsh environments","authors":"C. Reusnow, S. Wheelock","doi":"10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916550","url":null,"abstract":"Military electronic parts are becoming unavailable and military systems are forced to use commercial plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs). PEMs are susceptible to moisture related failure mechanisms occurring from long-term exposure, even at very low humidity levels. Some military systems must operate reliably after 30 years in storage. This presentation covers the latest results of an Army Aviation and Missile Command program to provide near hermetic wafer level sealed devices that also benefits the semiconductor industry. The process shows promise for advanced small-scale packages with little plastic protection that must operate in harsh industrial, automotive, or telecommunications environments. The presentation includes the latest developments of the program, including enabling solutions for \"popcorning\" and the potential for significant speed improvements in compound semiconductor devices.","PeriodicalId":321904,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials Processes, Properties and Interfaces (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8562)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127658023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Liu, R. Kraszewski, Xin Lin, L. Wong, S. Goh, J. Allen
{"title":"New developments in single pass reflow encapsulant for flip chip application","authors":"J. Liu, R. Kraszewski, Xin Lin, L. Wong, S. Goh, J. Allen","doi":"10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916552","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a series of single pass reflow encapsulants that require no post curing after solder bump reflow. Acting as a flux and an encapsulant, this product performs two functions. First, the material activates the solder bump and metallic bond pad during solder reflow to establish the interconnection between the die and substrate. Second, while this material is being cured, it forms a mechanical bond between the surface of the die and substrate. This product allows processing of normal surface mount component packages concurrently with flip chip, CSPs or BGAs under the standard surface mount reflow profile. Such a process eliminates capillary underfilling and curing time. The product's solderability is robust and high yield; the parts are reliable after thermal shock testing. We have employed DSC, TMA, DMA and shear test techniques to investigate the properties of the material. These properties include influence of filler loading level, curing reflow profile, percentage cure, glass transition temperature (T/sub g/), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), modulus and die shear adhesion.","PeriodicalId":321904,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials Processes, Properties and Interfaces (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8562)","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116737833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chip size BGA packaging for high performance memory","authors":"V. Solberg","doi":"10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAOM.2001.916558","url":null,"abstract":"Chip-scale or chip-size array packaging is currently in wide use throughout the industry, providing the solutions for applications that enable a reduced product size-to-function ratio. Portable or hand-held electronics is a natural target. Digital cameras and camcorders, for example, must consider ease of use, lighter weight and performance. Telephones, pagers, personal communicators, palm top computers, industrial and automotive electronics, personal GPS, medical and diagnostic products, are all viable candidates for more efficient device miniaturization. Memory devices are the first commodity type products in the market to adapt CSP in high volume; however, DSP, controllers, CPUs and any number of application specific IC devices are also prime candidates for chip-scale packaging.","PeriodicalId":321904,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials Processes, Properties and Interfaces (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8562)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126630746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}