R.M.R. Kubica , A. Albouy , M. Le Cocq , F. Gonzatti , F. Balestra , P. Leduc
{"title":"Epitaxial p+pn+ vertical short diodes for microbolometers","authors":"R.M.R. Kubica , A. Albouy , M. Le Cocq , F. Gonzatti , F. Balestra , P. Leduc","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the LWIR band, pn diodes are an attractive solution for thermometers in microbolometers. In this paper, epitaxial short <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mi>p</mi><msup><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> diodes were studied at 303–343 K. A <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span> ranging from 8 %.K<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> to 3 %.K<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> between 0.2 V and 0.8 V and a current noise dominated by flicker noise were measured. Finally, at 303 K and an integration time of 40 ms, a thermal resolution ranging from 5.10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> K to <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> K was obtained for bias currents between <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> A and <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> A.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 109123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Excimer laser annealing of boron thin-films to fabricate large-area low-defect p+ Si regions","authors":"Vinayak V. Hassan, Asma Attariabad, Lis K. Nanver","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boron layers deposited by chemical vapor deposition at 700 °C are exposed to 308 nm excimer laser annealing (ELA). The non-annealed B-deposition is commonly used to form radiation hard p<sup>+</sup>n PureB photodiodes that have nm-shallow junction depths with low dark currents, i.e., the PureB anode region has a high Gummel number. Here a B-layer thickness ranging from a monolayer to 7 nm was studied for deposition in oxide windows to lightly-doped n-Si wafers, and diode contacting was achieved with an Al/1%Si interconnect layer. The focus was placed on a 1-nm-thin B-layer that, after ELA at fluences from 400 to 900 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, delivered ideal diodes with anode Gummel numbers at least as high as PureB counterparts. Fluences above 750 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> were necessary for melting of the Si to achieve p-region sheet resistance <100 Ω/sq. The maximum active doping level was 2.3 × 10<sup>21</sup> atoms/cm<sup>3</sup> in the melt zone, providing a sheet resistance of 25 Ω/sq at a junction depth of 85 nm for a fluence of 900 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. At 600 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, about a monolayer of B bonded to Si at the interface remained. This rendered a photodiode with an optimal responsivity of 0.16 A/W at 406 nm and 0.33 A/W at 670 nm wavelengths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 109143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nils Petter Jørstad , Wolfgang Goes , Siegfried Selberherr , Viktor Sverdlov
{"title":"Optimizing unconventional trilayer SOTs for field-free switching","authors":"Nils Petter Jørstad , Wolfgang Goes , Siegfried Selberherr , Viktor Sverdlov","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The symmetry and magnitude of unconventional spin–orbit torques in ferromagnet/heavy metal/ferromagnet trilayers are investigated. Several spin-generating mechanisms are considered such as the anomalous Hall effect, anisotropic magnetoresistance, the Rashba–Edelstein effect, and the spin Hall effect. Optimal material thicknesses and magnetization configurations for maximizing out-of-plane spin torques for breaking the bilayer symmetry are presented. Furthermore, field-free switching simulations of a perpendicular SOT-MRAM utilizing the optimized trilayer torques are demonstrated, showing improved switching currents compared to another reported trilayer-based device.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 109135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation and investigation of high voltage CMOS device in advanced Sub-90 nm node processes","authors":"Xin Huang , Yintong Zhang , Zhaozhao Xu , Ziquan Fang , Donghua Liu , Wensheng Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous scaling of MOSFET devices exacerbates short-channel effects (SCEs), such as hot-carrier injection (HCI) and threshold voltage roll-off, thereby compromising electrical performance. While lightly doped drain (LDD) processes are widely adopted in modern CMOS fabrication, conventional methods struggle to maintain performance at advanced technology nodes. This work proposes a novel high-energy LDD technology that overcomes these limitations without introducing additional fabrication complexity. Through rigorous TCAD simulations, the proposed process demonstrates enhanced device stability and improved electrical characteristics, including lower breakdown voltage variation, better threshold voltage control, and improved on/off current ratios. Benchmarked against conventional non-self-aligned (NSA) and self-aligned (SA) LDD processes, this technology offers a viable pathway for next-generation semiconductor scaling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 109142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preliminary results on industrial 28nm FD-SOI phase change memory at cryogenic temperature","authors":"Philippe Galy , Joao Henrique Quintino Palhares , Lorena Anghel , Yann Beilliard , Fabien Alibart , Dominique Drouin , Jury Sandrini , Franck Arnaud","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports new preliminary results on fully co-integrated 28 nm FD-SOI UTBB phase change memories (PCM) programmed at room temperature (RT) and cryogenic temperature (CT). The PCM is a germanium, antimony, tellurium (GST) compound type which is found to be functional at 77K with multi-state switching without additional operating requirements compared to the ambient temperature. As the phase change memory is temperature dependent, drift tests are also performed to track the change in resistance over time after programming the pulses to estimate drift coefficients. An interesting feature is that using the same programming bias conditions, the drift coefficient is three times lower at 77K with an improvement in the I<sub>on</sub>/I<sub>off</sub> ratio. These results are very encouraging and open the door to the PCM in applications both at high temperatures (e.g. automotive) and at very low temperatures (e.g. space, quantum).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 109141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo Canga Panzo , Nilton Graziano , Eddy Simoen , Maria Glória Caño de Andrade
{"title":"Investigation into the impact of source-drain series resistance on electrical parameters of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors","authors":"Eduardo Canga Panzo , Nilton Graziano , Eddy Simoen , Maria Glória Caño de Andrade","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the impact of source-drain series resistance (R<sub>SD</sub>) AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). Initially, the influence of R<sub>SD</sub> was analyzed in devices with varying geometries (Length and width; L<sub>g</sub> and W) as well as in devices with identical dimensions but fabricated using different gate metal manufacturing techniques. Subsequently, the effect of R<sub>SD</sub> on key parameters, including carrier mobility (μ<sub>n</sub>), effective mobility (<span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mrow><mi>eff</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and field effect mobility (<span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mrow><mi>FE</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), drain current (<span><math><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span>), output conductance (<span><math><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span>), transconductance (<span><math><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math></span>), threshold voltage (<span><math><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></math></span>) and subthreshold slope (<span><math><mi>S</mi></math></span>) was assessed. The results reveal that R<sub>SD</sub> tends to decrease in transistors with lower L<sub>g</sub> and higher W, highlighting a significant correlation with the channel’s geometric structure. Additionally, transistors employing different gate metal splits exhibited variations in R<sub>SD</sub>. The results further revealed that a lower R<sub>SD</sub> enhances μ<sub>n</sub>, <span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mrow><mi>eff</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mrow><mi>FE</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> while reducing <span><math><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 109138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadine Dersch , Eduardo Perez , Christian Wenger , Christian Roemer , Mike Schwarz , Benjamin Iniguez , Alexander Kloes
{"title":"Performance of Pulse-Programmed memristive crossbar array with bimodally distributed stochastic synaptic weights","authors":"Nadine Dersch , Eduardo Perez , Christian Wenger , Christian Roemer , Mike Schwarz , Benjamin Iniguez , Alexander Kloes","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we present a method of implementing memristive crossbar arrays with bimodally distributed weights. The bimodal distribution is a result of pulse-based programming. The memristive devices are used for implementing synaptic weights and can only have an ON (logical “1″) or an OFF (logical ”0″) state. The state of the memristive device after programming is determined by the bimodal distribution. The highly efficient noise-based variability approach is used to simulate this stochasticity. The memristive crossbar array is used to classify the MNIST data set and comprises more than 15,000 weights. The interpretation of these weights is investigated. In addition, the influence of the stochasticity of the weights and the accuracy of the weights on the classification results is considered and various programming settings are examined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 109128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F.E. Bergamaschi , J.A. Matos , M. de Souza , S. Barraud , M. Cassé , O. Faynot , M.A. Pavanello
{"title":"Operation of junctionless nanowire transistors down to 4.2 Kelvin","authors":"F.E. Bergamaschi , J.A. Matos , M. de Souza , S. Barraud , M. Cassé , O. Faynot , M.A. Pavanello","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, an experimental characterization of SOI junctionless nanowire transistors operating in liquid helium temperature is conducted. DC measurements are performed in a temperature range from 300 K down to 4.2 K in devices with variable geometrical dimensions, namely the gate length and the fin width. Different electrical parameters are analyzed, such as the threshold voltage, the subthreshold slope, the low-field mobility, and the drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL). The temperature reduction helps partially suppress short-channel effects, leading to improvement in these parameters while preserving good electrostatic control, even for highly scaled channel lengths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 109133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation on the performance limits of Dirac-source FETs","authors":"Tommaso Ugolini, Elena Gnani","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we develop a two-dimensional (2D) simulation tool addressing Poisson’s equation within the semiconductor section of a 2D Dirac source (DS) field-effect transistor under the assumption of ballistic transport. Next, we compute the current curves using the WKB approximation for the calculation of the transmission probability. The current turns out to be quite sensitive to the tunneling probability at the graphene-semiconductor heterojunction. Different gate-insulating materials and gate lengths are considered with the aim of identifying any possible limitations in the performance of DS-FETs. The obtained results highlight some important issues, while confirming that a minimum subthreshold swing (SS) of 40 mV/dec can be achieved and that SS values below 60 mV/dec can be extended up to three and a half decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 109124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ozga , R. Mroczynski , A. Wolska , M. Klepka , M. Godlewski , B.S. Witkowski
{"title":"Studies on resistive switching mechanisms in RRAM memory structures based on copper (II) oxide","authors":"M. Ozga , R. Mroczynski , A. Wolska , M. Klepka , M. Godlewski , B.S. Witkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2025.109140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermally grown copper (II) oxide (CuO) films exhibit the memristive phenomenon, which makes them a promising candidate for application in resistive random-access memories (RRAM). Understanding the basic physical phenomena responsible for resistive switching holds significant promise for advancing this technology. This work presents research findings on the switching and charge carrier transport mechanisms in RRAM structures based on CuO films. These mechanisms were identified using conductive AFM and by analyzing current–voltage characteristics. Obtained results revealed the presence of trap-limited and trap-filled space charge limited current mechanisms in the broad examined voltage range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 109140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}