{"title":"Impedance sensors based on silicon-carbon films for detection low concentrations of organic vapors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, we reported that manganese and copper atoms were embedded in silicon-carbon films to fabricate impedance organic vapor sensors. Gas sensitive layers were formed using electrochemical deposition of 9:1 CH<sub>3</sub>OH/HMDS solutions, followed by thermal annealing at 500 °C for 2 h. Silicon-carbon films contain 4H-SiC, 15R-SiC and 6H-SiC polytypes, as well as amorphous diamond phases. Mott-Schottky plots were used to evaluate the silicon-carbon films conductivity type, flat band potential and carrying density. Sensor operations were examined at ambient temperature and up to 80 % relative humidity to assess their functionality. The silicon-carbon films impedance sensors detected 6–37 ppb toluene vapor. The manganese and copper embedded in silicon-carbon films detected 5–52 ppb isopropanol vapor and remained unchanged in humidity range (40–65 %). However, at humidity level up to 80 %, the sensing response range decreases by ≈1.5–2 times, with isopropanol significantly contributing to the response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141623500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Liu , Gang Wu , Yongqing Huang , Taoxiang Yang , Xiuhua Zeng , Meiling Shi , Huijuan Niu , Wenjing Fang
{"title":"Proposed equivalent circuit physics-based model of InP based double heterojunction bipolar transistors","authors":"Tao Liu , Gang Wu , Yongqing Huang , Taoxiang Yang , Xiuhua Zeng , Meiling Shi , Huijuan Niu , Wenjing Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2024.108979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Significant discrepancies were found between experimental results and the results calculated by the conventional physics-based model for the cutoff frequency and some equivalent circuit parameters of double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBT). In order to accurately evaluate the primary quantitative performance of DHBT, a comprehensive physics-based model was developed and validated by comparing experimental data from three research institutions. The proposed physics-based model combines the equivalent circuit of the T-topology and hybrid-π topology, and includes modification formulas for estimating the intrinsic dynamic resistance of the base–collector and base-emitter junctions, as well as the cutoff frequency, the hybrid-π input capacitance, and the gain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fei-fan Li , Hao-yang Li , Zhao-hua Zhou , Lei Zhou , Wan-ling Deng , Miao Xu , Lei Wang , Wei-jing Wu , Jun-biao Peng
{"title":"A unified explicit charge-based capacitance model for metal oxide thin-film transistors","authors":"Fei-fan Li , Hao-yang Li , Zhao-hua Zhou , Lei Zhou , Wan-ling Deng , Miao Xu , Lei Wang , Wei-jing Wu , Jun-biao Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2024.108976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A unified and complete capacitance model of metal oxide thin-film transistors (MO TFTs) based on three-terminal charges is proposed in this paper. The analytical expression of the three-terminal charges is obtained with the effective charge density approach and the Ward-Dutton charge partitioning approach. By considering the non-reciprocal capacitance between any two terminals, the complete capacitance model of the MO TFTs is proposed with an accurate description. The proposed model has a uniform and analytical capacitance expression over the full working regions with a specific physical meaning based on the surface potential solution. Furthermore, the sufficient capacitance experimental data of the fabricated IZO-TFT are presented to verify the proposed model. It is shown that there is a good agreement between the experimental data and the proposed model in a wide range of working regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of source series resistances for InP HEMT under normal bias condition","authors":"Ao Zhang , Jianjun Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2024.108975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel approach to determine the source series resistance for InP HEMT device, which combines the DC characteristics measurement and S-parameters measurement under normal bias condition is developed in this paper. Three HEMT devices with different gatewidth have been used to verify the validity of the method, and good agreement is obtained between modeled and measured S-parameters and noise parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141478672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro H. Duarte , Ricardo C. Rangel , Katia R.A. Sasaki , Joao A. Martino
{"title":"Study of ISFET for KCl sensing","authors":"Pedro H. Duarte , Ricardo C. Rangel , Katia R.A. Sasaki , Joao A. Martino","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2024.108974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents the fabrication and electrical characterization of the Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) exposed to potassium chloride (KCl) solutions. The focus of the study is to compare two measurements methods and verify the effects of these methods in the device threshold voltage (V<sub>TH</sub>) sensitivity to the different KCl concentrations. First, a reference electrode (a platinum needle) is placed in the sample solution over the gate area of the device, demonstrating that the threshold voltage decreases with the increase of the KCl concentration. The method shows a sensitivity of 10.44 mV/mM for the low KCl concentration range (0 to 10 mM) and 0.5 mV/mM for the higher KCl concentration range (10 to 100 mM). The second method involves inserting a second platinum electrode into the solution on the field oxide. This method proposes the KCl electrolysis to increase the selectivity for potassium ions. The result allows the next steps for potassium sensing biosensor application with selective membranes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Gamiz, Carlos Sampedro, Luca Donetti, Carlos Navarro
{"title":"Editorial “Selected papers from the international conference on simulation of semiconductor processes and devices 2022”","authors":"Francisco Gamiz, Carlos Sampedro, Luca Donetti, Carlos Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2024.108973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongjun Cho , Bo Soo Kang , Pankaj Kumbhare , Romain Delhougne , Laura Nyns , Ming Mao , Ludovic Goux , Gouri Sankar Kar , Attilio Belmonte
{"title":"Switching layer optimization in Co-based CBRAM for >105 memory window in sub-100 µA regime","authors":"Yongjun Cho , Bo Soo Kang , Pankaj Kumbhare , Romain Delhougne , Laura Nyns , Ming Mao , Ludovic Goux , Gouri Sankar Kar , Attilio Belmonte","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Co/HfO<sub>2</sub>-based CBRAM stacks are optimized to enlarge the memory window for low-current (50 µA) operation. First, we dope the switching layer with Si to decrease the pristine current, thus enlarging the memory window. Then, we reduce the forming voltage by scaling the Si-doped HfO<sub>2</sub> thickness. Finally, we extend the endurance lifetime and reduce the write time by introducing a hygroscopic oxide, LaSiO, in combination with HfSiO, to enhance Co ion hopping through hydroxyl groups. We further outline the important role of the position of the hygroscopic layer with respect to the Co active electrode in enlarging the memory window of the CBRAM device up to > 10<sup>5</sup>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongyan Zhao , Yipeng Chen , Shicong Zhou , Xinyu Zhu , Yidong Yuan , Yi Hu , Tianting Zhao , Xiaojuan Li , Shurong Dong
{"title":"Investigation on MOS shunt LVTSCR for ESD application","authors":"Dongyan Zhao , Yipeng Chen , Shicong Zhou , Xinyu Zhu , Yidong Yuan , Yi Hu , Tianting Zhao , Xiaojuan Li , Shurong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2024.108963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuously scaling down ICs result in more stringent electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design requirements. Compared with other devices, silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) has become the first choice for its area efficiency and robustness. In order to improve the latch-up issue of SCR, various schemes have been proposed. A simple method is to extend the SCR path length, which will result in the enlarged ON resistance. Segment technology is also used to improve the holding voltage of SCR, but it will shrink the effective emitter area and lead to the serious degradation of ESD robustness. MS-LVTSCR is used to protect CMOS input ports. The circuit operating voltage is 3.3V and the gate oxide DC breakdown voltage is 19V so that considering the safety margin, the ESD window is from 3.63V to 17.1V. This work proposes a novel MOS shunt low-voltage trigger silicon-controlled rectifier (MS-LVTSCR) electrostatic discharge protection device by inserting an embedded PMOS structure. Compared with the conventional LVTSCR, the proposed MS-LVTSCR achieves 53% improvement in the holding voltage and still maintains high ESD robustness with a current level of 31.5 mA/<span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m without more device area consumption. In addition, both the TCAD simulation and theoretical analysis were carried out to explore the principle of current shunt effect to improve holding voltage. The extra shunt paths will weaken the conductance modulation effect of the main drift region in the main SCR path and its holding voltage can be further raised by reducing the proportion of main drift region current in the total current. We also conducted detailed studies on the mechanisms and geometry effects of this newly proposed structure via experimental validations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141243499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electron and spin transport in semiconductor and magnetoresistive devices","authors":"Viktor Sverdlov , Siegfried Selberherr","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the scaling of CMOS-based technology shows signs of an imminent saturation, employing the second intrinsic electron characteristics – the electron spin – is attractive to further boost the performance of integrated circuits and to introduce new computational paradigms. The spin promises to offer an additional functionality to charge-based CMOS circuitry. Spin injection and spin manipulation by gate-induced electrics field at room temperatures were successfully demonstrated in semiconductor channels, expectations that such spin-driven devices appear in digital circuits to complement or even replace CMOS become credible.</p><p>On the memory side, the nonvolatile CMOS-compatible spin-transfer torque (STT) and the spin–orbit torque magnetoresistive random access memories (MRAMs) are already competing with flash memory and even SRAM for embedded applications.</p><p>To accurately model spin and charge transport and torques in magnetic tunnel junctions, we innovatively extend the spin and charge transport equations to multi-layered structures consisting of normal and ferromagnetic metal layers separated by tunnel barriers. We validate our approach by modeling the magnetization dynamics in ultra-scaled MRAM cells. A multi-bit operation is predicted in an MRAM cell with a composite free layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141132307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temperature- and variability-aware compact modeling of ferroelectric FDSOI FET for memory and emerging applications","authors":"Swetaki Chatterjee , Shubham Kumar , Amol Gaidhane , Chetan Kumar Dabhi , Yogesh Singh Chauhan , Hussam Amrouch","doi":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sse.2024.108954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we present a temperature and variability-aware Verilog-A-based compact model for simulating Ferroelectric FET. The model captures the rich physics of ferroelectric materials and the important electrical characteristics, such as the history effect, the impact of pulse width and amplitude on threshold voltage, and temperature-dependent degradation of polarization. The impact of variability is also explored regarding reliable operation of the FeFET. The developed model is robust and can accurately capture the experimentally observed trends, such as the change in polarization due to temperature, increased memory window on reading from the back-gate, etc. Further, we discuss two applications of our developed model viz. (a) multi-level-cell storage and (b) FeFET-based array for MAC operations. The designs are tested using the proposed model in commercial SPICE simulator at different temperatures including the effect of variation. Analysis presented in this article reveals that variability and temperature can be detrimental for operation of FeFET-based systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21909,"journal":{"name":"Solid-state Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141051822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}