{"title":"ZnON contacts enabling high-performance 3-D InGaZnO inverters","authors":"Chin-I Kuan, K. Peng, Horng-Chih Lin, Pei-Wen Li","doi":"10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403819","url":null,"abstract":"The inclusion of an ultra-thin zinc oxynitride (ZnON) layer inserted between the channel of InGaZnO (IGZO) and source/drain (S/D) metal of Al for an IGZO thin-film transistor (TFT) is demonstrated to improve device performance in terms of a reduction in S/D series resistance (RSD). The improvement is attributable to the elimination of an interfacial layer of AlOx which is inherently formed at the Al/IGZO interface, by the insertion of ZnON. Characteristics of 3D stacked-type inverters constructed by the IGZO TFTs with ZnON contacts have been also studied. Full-swing switching with voltage gains increases from 9.8V/V for the IGZO inverter without ZnON contacts to 12.3 V/V with ZnON contacts at an operating voltage of 5 V.","PeriodicalId":209993,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126442526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chun-Li Lo, Kehao Zhang, J. Robinson, Zhihong Chen
{"title":"BEOL compatible sub-nm diffusion barrier for advanced Cu interconnects","authors":"Chun-Li Lo, Kehao Zhang, J. Robinson, Zhihong Chen","doi":"10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403818","url":null,"abstract":"The limit of diffusion barrier/liner thickness scaling is one of the main challenges in modern Cu interconnect technology. Since conventional diffusion barriers are much more resistive than Cu, their thickness needs to be as thin as possible to achieve overall lower line resistance. However, these barrier materials lose their ability to block Cu diffusion when they are extremely scaled, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Therefore, sub-nm barrier is urgently demanded for ultra-scaled interconnects in the near future. To address this issue, 2D layered materials have been proposed and tested as diffusion barrier alternatives because of their atomically thin body thickness. Promising results showing improved interconnect performance have been achieved in these materials (Table I). For example, with a graphene passivation, Cu resistivity at scaled dimensions has been reduced [1] and electromigration can be alleviated [2]. Moreover, studies have shown that 2D layered materials have superior diffusion barrier properties [3]- [6]. Despite the abovementioned benefits of 2D layered materials, a BEOL compatible growth process that can directly deposit on dielectrics and is adaptable to damascene structures still needs to be demonstrated (Fig. 2). In this work, single-layer molybdenum disulfide (1L MoS2; 0.615 nm) directly grown on SiO2 at 400 °C is achieved by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We will show that this sub-nm barrier can effectively prevent Cu diffusion, and is able to reduce Cu resistivity.","PeriodicalId":209993,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128036532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hafnium oxide based ferroelectric devices for memories and beyond","authors":"T. Mikolajick, U. Schroeder, S. Slesazeck","doi":"10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403848","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroelectricity is a material property were a remanent polarization exists under zero electrical field that can be reversed by applying an electrical field [1]. As consequence, two nonvolatile states exist that can be switched by an electrical field. This feature makes ferroelectrics ideally suited for nonvolatile memories with low write energy. Therefore, already in the 1950s first attempts have been made to realize ferroelectric nonvolatile memories based on ferroelectric barium titanate (BTO) crystals having evaporated electrodes on both sides [2]. The success of this approach was hindered by disturb issues that could be solved in the early 1990s by adding a transistor device as a selector [3]. Such a memory is referred to as a ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM). Since reading of the ferroelectric polarization from a capacitor requires switching of the ferroelectric [1], the information will be destroyed and a write back is necessary. This can be avoided if the ferroelectric is placed inside of the gate stack of a MOS transistor resulting in a ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) [1]. Conventional ferroelectric materials like BTO or lead- zirconium titanate (PZT) cannot be placed directly on silicon since unwanted interface reactions will occur. The necessary interface layer together with the space charge region of the transistor device leads to a rather low capacitance in series with the ferroelectric dielectric and consequently results in a strong depolarization field that has destroyed the nonvolatility of the FeFET device for many years and hinters scaling as well [4]. Today FeRAM devices are established on the market [3,5], but are limited to niche application since scaling is hindered by many integration problems associated to materials like PZT.","PeriodicalId":209993,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA)","volume":"26 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123275836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Matsukawa, T. Mori, Y. Sawada, Y. Kinoshita, Yongxun Liu, M. Masahara
{"title":"Damageless and conformai doping for FinFETs by spin-coated phosphorus doped silica","authors":"T. Matsukawa, T. Mori, Y. Sawada, Y. Kinoshita, Yongxun Liu, M. Masahara","doi":"10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403820","url":null,"abstract":"Damageless and conformal doping process for FinFETs is demonstrated by solid diffusion utilizing cost-effective spin-coated phosphorus dopes silica (PDS). Damageless nature of the PDS diffusion doping is confirmed by TEM characterization of the doped fin. The PDS diffusion is successfully implemented in the extension doping of the FinFETs. The fabricated FinFETs with the PDS diffusion doping exhibit suppression of the series resistance and its fluctuation in comparison with the phosphorus I/I reference, showing effectiveness of the PDS diffusion as the damageless and conformal doping solution required for the further-scaled FinFETs in future.","PeriodicalId":209993,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116104365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Feng, Ardy Winoto, Junyi Qiu, Yuefeng Peng, N. Holonyak
{"title":"All optical NOR gate via tunnel-junction transistor lasers for high speed optical logic processors","authors":"M. Feng, Ardy Winoto, Junyi Qiu, Yuefeng Peng, N. Holonyak","doi":"10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403847","url":null,"abstract":"Tunnel-junction transistor lasers (TJ-TLs) is a critical element to form a universal electro-optical NOR gate and an optical bistable latch which can be developed into a compact chip-level solution for optical logic processors operating at GHz speed.","PeriodicalId":209993,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115300155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linlin Cai, Wangyong Chen, G. Du, Jinfeng Kang, Xing Zhang, Xiaoyan Liu
{"title":"Investigation of self-heating effect on stacked nanosheet GAA transistors","authors":"Linlin Cai, Wangyong Chen, G. Du, Jinfeng Kang, Xing Zhang, Xiaoyan Liu","doi":"10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403821","url":null,"abstract":"The self-heating behavior of horizontally stacked gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet transistor is evaluated to investigate the spatial temperature profile and heat flux distribution considering the simple back-end-of line (BEOL). The impacts of related device geometry and material thermal conductivity are given to provide guidelines for mitigating self-heating effect (SHE) in device design. The results indicate that self-heating in nanoscale device should be attached great importance in achieving robust thermal management and precise reliability prediction.","PeriodicalId":209993,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126699528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approaches and opportunities for area-selective atomic layer deposition","authors":"A. Mackus","doi":"10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403864","url":null,"abstract":"With conventional semiconductor fabrication based on top-down processing reaching its limits in terms of patterning resolution and alignment, there is increasing interest in the implementation of bottom-up fabrication steps. In this contribution, several approaches for bottom-up processing by area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) will be reviewed, and the application possibilities and the main challenges in the field will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":209993,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115049182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Nguyen, N. Perrissin, S. Lequeux, J. Chatterjee, L. Tille, S. Auffret, R. Sousa, E. Gautier, L. Vila, L. Prejbeanu, B. Dieny
{"title":"Towards high density STT-MRAM at sub-20nm nodes","authors":"V. Nguyen, N. Perrissin, S. Lequeux, J. Chatterjee, L. Tille, S. Auffret, R. Sousa, E. Gautier, L. Vila, L. Prejbeanu, B. Dieny","doi":"10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403867","url":null,"abstract":"STT-MRAM are attracting an increasing interest from microelectronics industry. They are about to enter in volume production with the first goal of replacing embedded Flash memory. To go towards high density STT-MRAM at sub-20nm nodes, two major issues have to be solved. One is the nanopatterning of the magnetic tunnel junctions at 1x feature size (F) and narrow pitch (pitch<2F). The other is to increase the thermal stability of the storage magnetization at sub-20nm nodes. This paper addresses these two issues and propose innovative approaches to solve these two difficulties.","PeriodicalId":209993,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132295669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel IrOx/SiO2/W cross-point memory for lysyl-oxidase-like-2 (LOXL2) breast cancer biomarker detection","authors":"S. Jana, S. Samanta, S. Roy, J. Qiu, S. Maikap","doi":"10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403860","url":null,"abstract":"Novel IrO<inf>x</inf>/SiO<inf>2</inf>/W 10x10 µm<sup>2</sup> cross-point structure has been introduced for high-density resistive memory as well as urea/LOXL2 sensing for the first time. The Ir<sup>0</sup>/Ir<sup>3+</sup>/Ir<sup>4+</sup> oxidation states are confirmed by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. A dc endurance of > 1000 cycles at low current compliance (CC) of 200 nA and long program/erase (P/E) endurance of >10<sup>10</sup> cycles with a small pulse width of 100 ns are obtained. Super-nernstian pH sensitivity of 140 mV/pH with 99.45% linearity, and LOXL2 with a low concentration of 1 pM through porous IrO<inf>x</inf> membrane are obtained.","PeriodicalId":209993,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128965468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hung-Yu Ye, Chia-Che Chung, I-Hsieh Wong, H. Lan, C. Liu
{"title":"Mobility calculation of Ge nanowire junctionless NFETs with size and geometry dependence","authors":"Hung-Yu Ye, Chia-Che Chung, I-Hsieh Wong, H. Lan, C. Liu","doi":"10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-TSA.2018.8403824","url":null,"abstract":"The channel cross section geometry and size dependence of the electron mobility in Ge nanowire nFETs is studied by theoretical calculations for devices beyond the 7nm node. circular channels have the highest mobility for wide channels (width>7nm) operating at high overdrive voltage (>0.5V). While diamond-shaped channels have the highest mobility for wide channels operating at low overdrive voltage (<0.3V) and narrow channels (width<7nm). This is attributed mainly to the different surface roughness scattering at different channel conditions. Our calculation framework is based on Boltzmann transport and has been verified with the electron mobility extracted from the experimental data of junctionless nanowire nFET devices.","PeriodicalId":209993,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115823831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}